Benzene

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Gas phase ion energetics data

Go To: Top, Ion clustering data, IR Spectrum, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), UV/Visible spectrum, Vibrational and/or electronic energy levels, Gas Chromatography, References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data evaluated as indicated in comments:
HL - Edward P. Hunter and Sharon G. Lias
L - Sharon G. Lias

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
B - John E. Bartmess
MM - Michael M. Meot-Ner (Mautner)
LL - Sharon G. Lias and Joel F. Liebman
LBLHLM - Sharon G. Lias, John E. Bartmess, Joel F. Liebman, John L. Holmes, Rhoda D. Levin, and W. Gary Mallard
LLK - Sharon G. Lias, Rhoda D. Levin, and Sherif A. Kafafi
RDSH - Henry M. Rosenstock, Keith Draxl, Bruce W. Steiner, and John T. Herron

View reactions leading to C6H6+ (ion structure unspecified)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
IE (evaluated)9.24378 ± 0.00007eVN/AN/AL
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Proton affinity (review)750.4kJ/molN/AHunter and Lias, 1998HL
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Gas basicity725.4kJ/molN/AHunter and Lias, 1998HL

Proton affinity at 298K

Proton affinity (kJ/mol) Reference Comment
746.4Aue, Guidoni, et al., 2000Experimental literature data re-evaluated by the authors using ab initio protonation entropies; MM

Gas basicity at 298K

Gas basicity (review) (kJ/mol) Reference Comment
721.7Aue, Guidoni, et al., 2000Experimental literature data re-evaluated by the authors using ab initio protonation entropies; MM

Ionization energy determinations

IE (eV) Method Reference Comment
9.24384 ± 0.00006TENemeth, Selzle, et al., 1993LL
9.24372 ± 0.00005TEChewter, Sander, et al., 1987LBLHLM
9.20EIStahl and Maquin, 1984LBLHLM
9.2459 ± 0.0002SGrubb, Whetten, et al., 1984LBLHLM
9.23 ± 0.03EIArimura and Yoshikawa, 1984LBLHLM
9.25PEKlasinc, Kovac, et al., 1983LBLHLM
9.23PECetinkaya, Lappert, et al., 1983LBLHLM
9.25PEKimura, Katsumata, et al., 1981LLK
9.240 ± 0.002LSDuncan, Dietz, et al., 1981LLK
9.44EIClare and Sowerby, 1981LLK
9.25PEBieri and Asbrink, 1980LLK
9.22PESell, Mintz, et al., 1978LLK
9.24PEMattsson, Karlsson, et al., 1977LLK
9.25 ± 0.02PEBieri, Burger, et al., 1977LLK
9.25 ± 0.07EISelim, 1976LLK
9.24PEBehan, Johnstone, et al., 1976LLK
9.70EIBaldwin, Loudon, et al., 1976LLK
9.25CTSPitt, 1973LLK
9.2 ± 0.1EITajima, Shimizu, et al., 1972LLK
9.26 ± 0.06EIFinney and Harrison, 1972LLK
9.27PEChizhov, Kleimenov, et al., 1972LLK
9.24 ± 0.01PISergeev, Akopyan, et al., 1970RDSH
9.25 ± 0.01PIDemeo and El-Sayed, 1970RDSH
9.36 ± 0.05EIBuchs, 1970RDSH
9.241 ± 0.001PEAsbrink, Lindholm, et al., 1970RDSH
9.241TEPeatman, Borne, et al., 1969RDSH
9.24 ± 0.01PEDewar and Worley, 1969RDSH
9.25 ± 0.01PIMomigny, Goffart, et al., 1968RDSH
9.20 ± 0.04EIBock, Seidl, et al., 1968RDSH
9.24PEBaker, May, et al., 1968RDSH
9.25PEBaker, Brundle, et al., 1968RDSH
9.25 ± 0.02PEClark and Frost, 1967RDSH
9.26 ± 0.02EINounou, 1966RDSH
9.246 ± 0.005PIBrehm, 1966RDSH
9.241 ± 0.006PINicholson, 1965RDSH
9.24 ± 0.01PIDibeler and Reese, 1964RDSH
9.25PEAl-Joboury and Turner, 1964RDSH
9.2PITerenin, 1961RDSH
9.248SEl-Sayed, Kaaba, et al., 1961RDSH
9.247 ± 0.002SWilkinson, 1956RDSH
9.25 ± 0.01PIWatanabe, 1954RDSH
9.8 ± 0.1EIHustrulid, Kusch, et al., 1938RDSH
9.242 ± 0.005SPrice and Wood, 1935RDSH
9.23PEHowell, Goncalves, et al., 1984Vertical value; LBLHLM
9.25PEKovac, Mohraz, et al., 1980Vertical value; LLK
9.25PEKaim, Tesmann, et al., 1980Vertical value; LLK
9.22PESell and Kupperman, 1978Vertical value; LLK
9.23PEKobayashi, 1978Vertical value; LLK
9.3PEKlasinc, Novak, et al., 1978Vertical value; LLK
9.24 ± 0.02PESchmidt, 1977Vertical value; LLK
9.25 ± 0.05PEGower, Kane-Maguire, et al., 1977Vertical value; LLK
9.24PEBock, Kaim, et al., 1977Vertical value; LLK
9.24PEClar and Schmidt, 1976Vertical value; LLK
9.23PEKobayashi and Nagakura, 1975Vertical value; LLK
9.24PEBischof, Dewar, et al., 1974Vertical value; LLK
9.24PESchafer and Schweig, 1972Vertical value; LLK
9.25 ± 0.03PEKlessinger, 1972Vertical value; LLK
9.24PEBock, Wagner, et al., 1972Vertical value; LLK
9.2PECarlson and Anderson, 1971Vertical value; LLK
9.24PEBock and Fuss, 1971Vertical value; LLK
9.24PEGleiter, Heilbronner, et al., 1970Vertical value; RDSH

Appearance energy determinations

Ion AE (eV) Other Products MethodReferenceComment
CH3+28.2 ± 0.2?EIOlmsted, Street, et al., 1964RDSH
C2H2+19. ± 0.4?EILifshitz and Reuben, 1969RDSH
C2H2+18.6?EINatalis and Franklin, 1965RDSH
C2H2+32.6 ± 0.2?EIOlmsted, Street, et al., 1964RDSH
C2H3+19. ± 0.4?EILifshitz and Reuben, 1969RDSH
C3H3+13.43?LSKuhlewind, Kiermeier, et al., 1986LBLHLM
C3H3+15.34 ± 0.06C3H3EISelim, 1976LLK
C3H3+16.90C3H3PEEland, Frey, et al., 1976LLK
C3H3+13.79C3H3PIRosenstock, Larkins, et al., 1973LLK
C3H3+14.7 ± 0.1?EILifshitz and Reuben, 1969RDSH
C4H2+17.5 ± 0.3?EILifshitz and Reuben, 1969RDSH
C4H3+18.48 ± 0.07H+C2H2EISelim, 1976LLK
C4H3+17.6 ± 0.1?EILifshitz and Reuben, 1969RDSH
C4H4+13.40C2H2LSKuhlewind, Kiermeier, et al., 1986T = 0K; LBLHLM
C4H4+13.9 ± 0.1C2H2EIRosenstock, McCulloh, et al., 1977LLK
C4H4+14.17 ± 0.08C2H2PIRosenstock, McCulloh, et al., 1977LLK
C4H4+14.85C2H2PEEland, Frey, et al., 1976LLK
C4H4+13.85C2H2PIRosenstock, Larkins, et al., 1973LLK
C4H4+14.1C2H2EIHickling and Jennings, 1970RDSH
C4H4+14.5 ± 0.2C2H2EILifshitz and Reuben, 1969RDSH
C5H3+15.7 ± 0.1CH3EILifshitz and Reuben, 1969RDSH
C6H+29. ± 2.?EILifshitz and Reuben, 1969RDSH
C6H4+12.93H2LSKuhlewind, Kiermeier, et al., 1986T = 0K; LBLHLM
C6H4+14.14 ± 0.08H2EISelim, 1976LLK
C6H4+12.94H2PIRosenstock, Larkins, et al., 1973LLK
C6H4+14.04 ± 0.06H2EIBentley, Johnstone, et al., 1973LLK
C6H4+14.09 ± 0.07H2EINatalis and Franklin, 1965RDSH
C6H5+13.12 ± 0.05HEVALKlippenstein, Faulk, et al., 1993T = 0K; LL
C6H5+12.90HLSKuhlewind, Kiermeier, et al., 1986T = 0K; LBLHLM
C6H5+13.7 ± 0.1HEIRosenstock, McCulloh, et al., 1977LLK
C6H5+13.78 ± 0.08HPIRosenstock, McCulloh, et al., 1977LLK
C6H5+14.56 ± 0.07HEISelim, 1976LLK
C6H5+12.94HPIRosenstock, Larkins, et al., 1973LLK
C6H5+13.97 ± 0.06HEIBentley, Johnstone, et al., 1973LLK
C6H5+14.1 ± 0.1HEIGross, 1972LLK
C6H5+13.80 ± 0.03HPISergeev, Akopyan, et al., 1970RDSH
C6H5+14.1 ± 0.1HEILifshitz and Reuben, 1969RDSH
C6H5+13.8 ± 0.1HPIBrehm, 1966RDSH
C6H71-43-24+14.2 ± 0.2H2EILifshitz and Reuben, 1969RDSH

De-protonation reactions

C6H5- + Hydrogen cation = Benzene

By formula: C6H5- + H+ = C6H6

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr1678.7 ± 2.1kJ/molG+TSDavico, Bierbaum, et al., 1995gas phase; Revised per Ervin and DeTuro, 2002 change in NH3 acidity. Alecu, Gao, et al., 2007 using thermal methods, agrees with this BDE: 112.8±0.6; value altered from reference due to change in acidity scale; B
Δr1678.5 ± 0.88kJ/molD-EAGunion, Gilles, et al., 1992gas phase; B
Δr1677. ± 10.kJ/molTDEqMeot-ner and Sieck, 1986gas phase; B
Δr1680. ± 42.kJ/molCIDTGraul and Squires, 1990gas phase; B
Δr1665. ± 23.kJ/molG+TSBohme and Young, 1971gas phase; B
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr1641.8 ± 1.7kJ/molIMREDavico, Bierbaum, et al., 1995gas phase; Revised per Ervin and DeTuro, 2002 change in NH3 acidity. Alecu, Gao, et al., 2007 using thermal methods, agrees with this BDE: 112.8±0.6; value altered from reference due to change in acidity scale; B
Δr1636. ± 8.4kJ/molTDEqMeot-ner and Sieck, 1986gas phase; B
Δr1632. ± 27.kJ/molIMRBBartmess and McIver Jr., 1979gas phase; B
Δr1628. ± 23.kJ/molIMRBBohme and Young, 1971gas phase; B

Ion clustering data

Go To: Top, Gas phase ion energetics data, IR Spectrum, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), UV/Visible spectrum, Vibrational and/or electronic energy levels, Gas Chromatography, References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
RCD - Robert C. Dunbar
B - John E. Bartmess
M - Michael M. Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Sharon G. Lias

Note: Please consider using the reaction search for this species. This page allows searching of all reactions involving this species. Searches may be limited to ion clustering reactions. A general reaction search form is also available.

Clustering reactions

Silver ion (1+) + Benzene = (Silver ion (1+) • Benzene)

By formula: Ag+ + C6H6 = (Ag+ • C6H6)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr156. ± 7.1kJ/molCIDTRodgers and Armentrout, 2000RCD
Δr167. ± 19.kJ/molRAKHo, Yang, et al., 1997RCD

(Silver ion (1+) • Benzene) + Benzene = (Silver ion (1+) • 2Benzene)

By formula: (Ag+ • C6H6) + C6H6 = (Ag+ • 2C6H6)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr167. ± 19.kJ/molRAKHo, Yang, et al., 1997RCD

Aluminum ion (1+) + Benzene = (Aluminum ion (1+) • Benzene)

By formula: Al+ + C6H6 = (Al+ • C6H6)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr147. ± 7.9kJ/molRAKDunbar, Klippenstein, et al., 1996RCD

Gold ion (1+) + Benzene = (Gold ion (1+) • Benzene)

By formula: Au+ + C6H6 = (Au+ • C6H6)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr293.kJ/molIMRBSchroeder, Hrusak, et al., 1995RCD

Bismuth ion (1+) + Benzene = (Bismuth ion (1+) • Benzene)

By formula: Bi+ + C6H6 = (Bi+ • C6H6)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr<149.kJ/molPDisWilley, Yeh, et al., 1992RCD

Bromine anion + Benzene = (Bromine anion • Benzene)

By formula: Br- + C6H6 = (Br- • C6H6)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr38. ± 8.4kJ/molTDAsHiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1988gas phase; B,M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr71.1J/mol*KPHPMSHiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1988gas phase; M
Δr71.J/mol*KN/APaul and Kebarle, 1991gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr10. ± 4.2kJ/molIMREPaul and Kebarle, 1991gas phase; B
Δr16. ± 11.kJ/molTDAsHiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1988gas phase; B

Free energy of reaction

ΔrG° (kJ/mol) T (K) Method Reference Comment
0.0423.PHPMSPaul and Kebarle, 1991gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

CH6N+ + Benzene = (CH6N+ • Benzene)

By formula: CH6N+ + C6H6 = (CH6N+ • C6H6)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr78.7kJ/molPHPMSDeakyne and Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1985gas phase; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr105.J/mol*KPHPMSDeakyne and Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1985gas phase; M

C2H7O+ + Benzene = (C2H7O+ • Benzene)

By formula: C2H7O+ + C6H6 = (C2H7O+ • C6H6)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr88.kJ/molPHPMSDeakyne and Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1985gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr100.J/mol*KN/ADeakyne and Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1985gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

Free energy of reaction

ΔrG° (kJ/mol) T (K) Method Reference Comment
36.491.PHPMSDeakyne and Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1985gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

C3H3+ + Benzene = (C3H3+ • Benzene)

By formula: C3H3+ + C6H6 = (C3H3+ • C6H6)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr38.kJ/molHPMSField, Hamlet, et al., 1969gas phase; Entropy change is questionable; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr40.J/mol*KHPMSField, Hamlet, et al., 1969gas phase; Entropy change is questionable; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr30.kJ/molHPMSField, Hamlet, et al., 1969gas phase; Entropy change is questionable; M

C3H9Si+ + Benzene = (C3H9Si+ • Benzene)

By formula: C3H9Si+ + C6H6 = (C3H9Si+ • C6H6)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr100.kJ/molPHPMSWojtyniak and Stone, 1986gas phase; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr145.J/mol*KPHPMSWojtyniak and Stone, 1986gas phase; M

C3H10N+ + Benzene = (C3H10N+ • Benzene)

By formula: C3H10N+ + C6H6 = (C3H10N+ • C6H6)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr66.5kJ/molPHPMSDeakyne and Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1985gas phase; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr116.J/mol*KPHPMSDeakyne and Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1985gas phase; M

C4H4S+ + Benzene = (C4H4S+ • Benzene)

By formula: C4H4S+ + C6H6 = (C4H4S+ • C6H6)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr54.kJ/molHPMSField, Hamlet, et al., 1969gas phase; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr96.J/mol*KHPMSField, Hamlet, et al., 1969gas phase; M

C4H9+ + Benzene = (C4H9+ • Benzene)

By formula: C4H9+ + C6H6 = (C4H9+ • C6H6)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr92.kJ/molPHPMSSen Sharma, Ikuta, et al., 1982gas phase; forms protonated t-butylbenzene; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr210.J/mol*KPHPMSSen Sharma, Ikuta, et al., 1982gas phase; forms protonated t-butylbenzene; M

C6H5Cl+ + Benzene = (C6H5Cl+ • Benzene)

By formula: C6H5Cl+ + C6H6 = (C6H5Cl+ • C6H6)

Bond type: Charge transfer bond (positive ion)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr58.6kJ/molPHPMSMeot-Ner (Mautner), Hamlet, et al., 1978gas phase; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr110.J/mol*KPHPMSMeot-Ner (Mautner), Hamlet, et al., 1978gas phase; M

C6H6+ + Benzene = (C6H6+ • Benzene)

By formula: C6H6+ + C6H6 = (C6H6+ • C6H6)

Bond type: Charge transfer bond (positive ion)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr60. ± 30.kJ/molAVGN/AAverage of 7 out of 10 values; Individual data points
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr120.J/mol*KPHPMSHiraoka, Fujimaki, et al., 1991gas phase; M
Δr110.J/mol*KPHPMSMeot-Ner (Mautner), Hamlet, et al., 1978gas phase; M
Δr96.J/mol*KHPMSField, Hamlet, et al., 1969gas phase; M

(C6H6+ • Benzene) + Benzene = (C6H6+ • 2Benzene)

By formula: (C6H6+ • C6H6) + C6H6 = (C6H6+ • 2C6H6)

Bond type: Charge transfer bond (positive ion)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr33. ± 2.kJ/molPHPMSHiraoka, Fujimaki, et al., 1991gas phase; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr82.8J/mol*KPHPMSHiraoka, Fujimaki, et al., 1991gas phase; M

(C6H6+ • 2Benzene) + Benzene = (C6H6+ • 3Benzene)

By formula: (C6H6+ • 2C6H6) + C6H6 = (C6H6+ • 3C6H6)

Bond type: Charge transfer bond (positive ion)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr29.kJ/molPHPMSHiraoka, Fujimaki, et al., 1991gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr84.J/mol*KN/AHiraoka, Fujimaki, et al., 1991gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

(C6H6+ • 5Benzene) + Benzene = (C6H6+ • 6Benzene)

By formula: (C6H6+ • 5C6H6) + C6H6 = (C6H6+ • 6C6H6)

Bond type: Charge transfer bond (positive ion)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr36.kJ/molPDissBeck and Hecht, 1991gas phase; M

(C6H6+ • 6Benzene) + Benzene = (C6H6+ • 7Benzene)

By formula: (C6H6+ • 6C6H6) + C6H6 = (C6H6+ • 7C6H6)

Bond type: Charge transfer bond (positive ion)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr35.kJ/molPDissBeck and Hecht, 1991gas phase; M

(C6H6+ • 7Benzene) + Benzene = (C6H6+ • 8Benzene)

By formula: (C6H6+ • 7C6H6) + C6H6 = (C6H6+ • 8C6H6)

Bond type: Charge transfer bond (positive ion)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr33.kJ/molPDissBeck and Hecht, 1991gas phase; M

(C6H6+ • 8Benzene) + Benzene = (C6H6+ • 9Benzene)

By formula: (C6H6+ • 8C6H6) + C6H6 = (C6H6+ • 9C6H6)

Bond type: Charge transfer bond (positive ion)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr33.kJ/molPDissBeck and Hecht, 1991gas phase; M

(C6H6+ • 9Benzene) + Benzene = (C6H6+ • 10Benzene)

By formula: (C6H6+ • 9C6H6) + C6H6 = (C6H6+ • 10C6H6)

Bond type: Charge transfer bond (positive ion)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr33.kJ/molPDissBeck and Hecht, 1991gas phase; M

(C6H6+ • 10Benzene) + Benzene = (C6H6+ • 11Benzene)

By formula: (C6H6+ • 10C6H6) + C6H6 = (C6H6+ • 11C6H6)

Bond type: Charge transfer bond (positive ion)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr33.kJ/molPDissBeck and Hecht, 1991gas phase; M

(C6H6+ • 11Benzene) + Benzene = (C6H6+ • 12Benzene)

By formula: (C6H6+ • 11C6H6) + C6H6 = (C6H6+ • 12C6H6)

Bond type: Charge transfer bond (positive ion)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr33.kJ/molPDissBeck and Hecht, 1991gas phase; M

(C6H6+ • 12Benzene) + Benzene = (C6H6+ • 13Benzene)

By formula: (C6H6+ • 12C6H6) + C6H6 = (C6H6+ • 13C6H6)

Bond type: Charge transfer bond (positive ion)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr35.kJ/molPDissBeck and Hecht, 1991gas phase; M

(C6H6+ • 13Benzene) + Benzene = (C6H6+ • 14Benzene)

By formula: (C6H6+ • 13C6H6) + C6H6 = (C6H6+ • 14C6H6)

Bond type: Charge transfer bond (positive ion)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr34.kJ/molPDissBeck and Hecht, 1991gas phase; M

C6H6NO- + 2Benzene = C12H12NO-

By formula: C6H6NO- + 2C6H6 = C12H12NO-

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr73.2 ± 9.6kJ/molN/ALe Barbu, Schiedt, et al., 2002gas phase; Affinity is difference in EAs of lesser solvated species; B

C6H7+ + Benzene = (C6H7+ • Benzene)

By formula: C6H7+ + C6H6 = (C6H7+ • C6H6)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr46.0kJ/molPHPMSMeot-Ner (Mautner), Hamlet, et al., 1978gas phase; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr100.J/mol*KPHPMSMeot-Ner (Mautner), Hamlet, et al., 1978gas phase; M

C6H7N+ + Benzene = (C6H7N+ • Benzene)

By formula: C6H7N+ + C6H6 = (C6H7N+ • C6H6)

Bond type: Charge transfer bond (positive ion)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr49.8kJ/molPHPMSMeot-Ner (Mautner) and El-Shall, 1986gas phase; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr94.6J/mol*KPHPMSMeot-Ner (Mautner) and El-Shall, 1986gas phase; M

C7H8+ + Benzene = (C7H8+ • Benzene)

By formula: C7H8+ + C6H6 = (C7H8+ • C6H6)

Bond type: Charge transfer bond (positive ion)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr51.0kJ/molMPIErnstberger, Krause, et al., 1990gas phase; M
Δr23.kJ/molPIRuhl, Bisling, et al., 1986gas phase; from vIP of perpendicular dimer; M
Δr51.9kJ/molPHPMSMeot-Ner (Mautner), Hamlet, et al., 1978gas phase; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr110.J/mol*KPHPMSMeot-Ner (Mautner), Hamlet, et al., 1978gas phase; M

C7H9N+ + Benzene = (C7H9N+ • Benzene)

By formula: C7H9N+ + C6H6 = (C7H9N+ • C6H6)

Bond type: Charge transfer bond (positive ion)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr51.5kJ/molPHPMSMeot-Ner (Mautner) and El-Shall, 1986gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr110.J/mol*KN/AMeot-Ner (Mautner) and El-Shall, 1986gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr19.kJ/molPHPMSMeot-Ner (Mautner) and El-Shall, 1986gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

C8H11N+ + Benzene = (C8H11N+ • Benzene)

By formula: C8H11N+ + C6H6 = (C8H11N+ • C6H6)

Bond type: Charge transfer bond (positive ion)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr41.8kJ/molPHPMSMeot-Ner (Mautner) and El-Shall, 1986gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr110.J/mol*KN/AMeot-Ner (Mautner) and El-Shall, 1986gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr9.2kJ/molPHPMSMeot-Ner (Mautner) and El-Shall, 1986gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

C9H12+ + Benzene = (C9H12+ • Benzene)

By formula: C9H12+ + C6H6 = (C9H12+ • C6H6)

Bond type: Charge transfer bond (positive ion)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr44.4kJ/molPHPMSMeot-Ner (Mautner), Hamlet, et al., 1978gas phase; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr110.J/mol*KPHPMSMeot-Ner (Mautner), Hamlet, et al., 1978gas phase; M

C9H13N+ + Benzene = (C9H13N+ • Benzene)

By formula: C9H13N+ + C6H6 = (C9H13N+ • C6H6)

Bond type: Charge transfer bond (positive ion)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr46.9kJ/molPHPMSMeot-Ner (Mautner) and El-Shall, 1986gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr110.J/mol*KN/AMeot-Ner (Mautner) and El-Shall, 1986gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

Free energy of reaction

ΔrG° (kJ/mol) T (K) Method Reference Comment
11.331.PHPMSMeot-Ner (Mautner) and El-Shall, 1986gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

C10H10Fe+ + Benzene = (C10H10Fe+ • Benzene)

By formula: C10H10Fe+ + C6H6 = (C10H10Fe+ • C6H6)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr30.kJ/molPHPMSMeot-Ner (Mautner), 1989gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated, ΔrH<, DG<; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr84.J/mol*KN/AMeot-Ner (Mautner), 1989gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated, ΔrH<, DG<; M

Free energy of reaction

ΔrG° (kJ/mol) T (K) Method Reference Comment
13.252.PHPMSMeot-Ner (Mautner), 1989gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated, ΔrH<, DG<; M

C11H10+ + Benzene = (C11H10+ • Benzene)

By formula: C11H10+ + C6H6 = (C11H10+ • C6H6)

Bond type: Charge transfer bond (positive ion)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr38.kJ/molPHPMSEl-Shall and Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1987gas phase; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr100.J/mol*KPHPMSEl-Shall and Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1987gas phase; M

Cadmium ion (1+) + Benzene = (Cadmium ion (1+) • Benzene)

By formula: Cd+ + C6H6 = (Cd+ • C6H6)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr136. ± 19.kJ/molRAKHo, Yang, et al., 1997RCD

Chlorine anion + Benzene = (Chlorine anion • Benzene)

By formula: Cl- + C6H6 = (Cl- • C6H6)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr25.1 ± 1.9kJ/molN/ATschurl, Ueberfluss, et al., 2007gas phase; B
Δr39. ± 8.4kJ/molTDAsHiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1988gas phase; B,M
Δr41.4kJ/molIMRELarson and McMahon, 1984gas phase; B,M
Δr36.kJ/molPHPMSPaul and Kebarle, 1991gas phase; from Ph. D. thesis of S. Chowdhury, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Δr43.5kJ/molPHPMSSunner, Nishizawa, et al., 1981gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr74.9J/mol*KPHPMSHiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1988gas phase; M
Δr71.J/mol*KN/APaul and Kebarle, 1991gas phase; from Ph. D. thesis of S. Chowdhury, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Δr71.5J/mol*KN/ALarson and McMahon, 1984, 2gas phase; switching reaction(Cl-)t-C4H9OH, Entropy change calculated or estimated; French, Ikuta, et al., 1982; M
Δr92.J/mol*KN/ASunner, Nishizawa, et al., 1981gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr17. ± 11.kJ/molTDAsHiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1988gas phase; B
Δr16. ± 6.7kJ/molIMREChowdhury and Kebarle, 1986gas phase; B
Δr20. ± 8.4kJ/molIMRELarson and McMahon, 1984gas phase; B,M
Δr15.9kJ/molIMREFrench, Ikuta, et al., 1982gas phase; B

Free energy of reaction

ΔrG° (kJ/mol) T (K) Method Reference Comment
15.300.PHPMSPaul and Kebarle, 1991gas phase; from Ph. D. thesis of S. Chowdhury, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
16.300.PHPMSChowdhury and Kebarle, 1986gas phase; M
16.300.PHPMSSunner, Nishizawa, et al., 1981gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

Cobalt ion (1+) + Benzene = (Cobalt ion (1+) • Benzene)

By formula: Co+ + C6H6 = (Co+ • C6H6)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr256. ± 11.kJ/molCIDTMeyer, Khan, et al., 1995RCD

Enthalpy of reaction

ΔrH° (kJ/mol) T (K) Method Reference Comment
256. (+10.,-0.) CIDMeyer, Khan, et al., 1995gas phase; guided ion beam CID; M

(Cobalt ion (1+) • Benzene) + Benzene = (Cobalt ion (1+) • 2Benzene)

By formula: (Co+ • C6H6) + C6H6 = (Co+ • 2C6H6)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr167. ± 14.kJ/molCIDTMeyer, Khan, et al., 1995RCD
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr116.J/mol*KSIDTKemper, Bushnell, et al., 1993gas phase; ΔrS(490 K); M

Enthalpy of reaction

ΔrH° (kJ/mol) T (K) Method Reference Comment
167. (+13.,-0.) CIDMeyer, Khan, et al., 1995gas phase; guided ion beam CID; M
113. (+4.2,-0.) SIDTKemper, Bushnell, et al., 1993gas phase; ΔrS(490 K); M

Chromium ion (1+) + Benzene = (Chromium ion (1+) • Benzene)

By formula: Cr+ + C6H6 = (Cr+ • C6H6)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr168.kJ/molMIDLin, Chen, et al., 1997RCD
Δr164. ± 14.kJ/molRAKLin and Dunbar, 1997RCD
Δr170. ± 10.kJ/molCIDTMeyer, Khan, et al., 1995RCD

Enthalpy of reaction

ΔrH° (kJ/mol) T (K) Method Reference Comment
170. (+9.6,-0.) CIDMeyer, Khan, et al., 1995gas phase; guided ion beam CID; M

(Chromium ion (1+) • Benzene) + Benzene = (Chromium ion (1+) • 2Benzene)

By formula: (Cr+ • C6H6) + C6H6 = (Cr+ • 2C6H6)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr212. ± 38.kJ/molRAKLin and Dunbar, 1997RCD
Δr232. ± 18.kJ/molCIDTMeyer, Khan, et al., 1995RCD

Enthalpy of reaction

ΔrH° (kJ/mol) T (K) Method Reference Comment
231. (+18.,-0.) CIDMeyer, Khan, et al., 1995gas phase; guided ion beam CID; M

Cesium ion (1+) + Benzene = (Cesium ion (1+) • Benzene)

By formula: Cs+ + C6H6 = (Cs+ • C6H6)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr64.4 ± 5.0kJ/molCIDTAmicangelo and Armentrout, 2000RCD

(Cesium ion (1+) • Benzene) + Benzene = (Cesium ion (1+) • 2Benzene)

By formula: (Cs+ • C6H6) + C6H6 = (Cs+ • 2C6H6)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr58.6 ± 7.9kJ/molCIDTAmicangelo and Armentrout, 2000RCD

Copper ion (1+) + Benzene = (Copper ion (1+) • Benzene)

By formula: Cu+ + C6H6 = (Cu+ • C6H6)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr218. ± 10.kJ/molCIDTMeyer, Khan, et al., 1995RCD

Enthalpy of reaction

ΔrH° (kJ/mol) T (K) Method Reference Comment
218. (+9.6,-0.) CIDMeyer, Khan, et al., 1995gas phase; guided ion beam CID; M

(Copper ion (1+) • Benzene) + Benzene = (Copper ion (1+) • 2Benzene)

By formula: (Cu+ • C6H6) + C6H6 = (Cu+ • 2C6H6)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr155. ± 12.kJ/molCIDTMeyer, Khan, et al., 1995RCD

Enthalpy of reaction

ΔrH° (kJ/mol) T (K) Method Reference Comment
155. (+12.,-0.) CIDMeyer, Khan, et al., 1995gas phase; guided ion beam CID; M

Fluorine anion + Benzene = (Fluorine anion • Benzene)

By formula: F- + C6H6 = (F- • C6H6)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr64.02kJ/molTDAsHiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1987gas phase; B,M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr81.6J/mol*KPHPMSHiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1987gas phase; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr39.3kJ/molTDAsHiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1987gas phase; B

Iron ion (1+) + Benzene = (Iron ion (1+) • Benzene)

By formula: Fe+ + C6H6 = (Fe+ • C6H6)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr197.kJ/molRAKGapeev and Dunbar, 2002RCD
Δr207. ± 12.kJ/molCIDTMeyer, Khan, et al., 1995RCD

Enthalpy of reaction

ΔrH° (kJ/mol) T (K) Method Reference Comment
208. (+9.6,-0.) CIDMeyer, Khan, et al., 1995gas phase; guided ion beam CID; M

(Iron ion (1+) • Benzene) + Benzene = (Iron ion (1+) • 2Benzene)

By formula: (Fe+ • C6H6) + C6H6 = (Fe+ • 2C6H6)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr187. ± 16.kJ/molCIDTMeyer, Khan, et al., 1995RCD

Enthalpy of reaction

ΔrH° (kJ/mol) T (K) Method Reference Comment
187. (+16.,-0.) CIDMeyer, Khan, et al., 1995gas phase; guided ion beam CID; M

NH4+ + Benzene = (NH4+ • Benzene)

By formula: H4N+ + C6H6 = (H4N+ • C6H6)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr80.8kJ/molPHPMSDeakyne and Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1985gas phase; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr97.5J/mol*KPHPMSDeakyne and Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1985gas phase; M

(NH4+ • Benzene) + Benzene = (NH4+ • 2Benzene)

By formula: (H4N+ • C6H6) + C6H6 = (H4N+ • 2C6H6)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr71.1kJ/molPHPMSLiebman, Romm, et al., 1991gas phase; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr128.J/mol*KPHPMSLiebman, Romm, et al., 1991gas phase; M

(NH4+ • 2Benzene) + Benzene = (NH4+ • 3Benzene)

By formula: (H4N+ • 2C6H6) + C6H6 = (H4N+ • 3C6H6)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr59.4kJ/molPHPMSLiebman, Romm, et al., 1991gas phase; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr138.J/mol*KPHPMSLiebman, Romm, et al., 1991gas phase; M

Iodide + Benzene = (Iodide • Benzene)

By formula: I- + C6H6 = (I- • C6H6)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr26. ± 8.4kJ/molTDAsHiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1988gas phase; B,M
Δr38. ± 4.2kJ/molTDAsCaldwell, Masucci, et al., 1989gas phase; B,M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr59.4J/mol*KPHPMSHiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1988gas phase; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr8. ± 11.kJ/molTDAsHiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1988gas phase; B

Potassium ion (1+) + Benzene = (Potassium ion (1+) • Benzene)

By formula: K+ + C6H6 = (K+ • C6H6)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr73. ± 4.kJ/molCIDTAmicangelo and Armentrout, 2000RCD
Δr80.3kJ/molHPMSSunner, Nishizawa, et al., 1981gas phase; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr103.J/mol*KHPMSSunner, Nishizawa, et al., 1981gas phase; M

(Potassium ion (1+) • Benzene) + Benzene = (Potassium ion (1+) • 2Benzene)

By formula: (K+ • C6H6) + C6H6 = (K+ • 2C6H6)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr67.4 ± 7.1kJ/molCIDTAmicangelo and Armentrout, 2000RCD
Δr78.7kJ/molHPMSSunner, Nishizawa, et al., 1981gas phase; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr142.J/mol*KHPMSSunner, Nishizawa, et al., 1981gas phase; M

(Potassium ion (1+) • 2Benzene) + Benzene = (Potassium ion (1+) • 3Benzene)

By formula: (K+ • 2C6H6) + C6H6 = (K+ • 3C6H6)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr60.7kJ/molHPMSSunner, Nishizawa, et al., 1981gas phase; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr137.J/mol*KHPMSSunner, Nishizawa, et al., 1981gas phase; M

(Potassium ion (1+) • 3Benzene) + Benzene = (Potassium ion (1+) • 4Benzene)

By formula: (K+ • 3C6H6) + C6H6 = (K+ • 4C6H6)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr52.7kJ/molHPMSSunner, Nishizawa, et al., 1981gas phase; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr173.J/mol*KHPMSSunner, Nishizawa, et al., 1981gas phase; M

(Potassium ion (1+) • Benzene • Water) + Benzene = (Potassium ion (1+) • 2Benzene • Water)

By formula: (K+ • C6H6 • H2O) + C6H6 = (K+ • 2C6H6 • H2O)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr60.2kJ/molHPMSSunner, Nishizawa, et al., 1981gas phase; From thermochemical cycle,switching reaction(K+ 3H2O)C6H6, Searles and Kebarle, 1969; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr126.J/mol*KHPMSSunner, Nishizawa, et al., 1981gas phase; From thermochemical cycle,switching reaction(K+ 3H2O)C6H6, Searles and Kebarle, 1969; M

(Potassium ion (1+) • Benzene • 2Water) + Benzene = (Potassium ion (1+) • 2Benzene • 2Water)

By formula: (K+ • C6H6 • 2H2O) + C6H6 = (K+ • 2C6H6 • 2H2O)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr53.6kJ/molHPMSSunner, Nishizawa, et al., 1981gas phase; switching reaction(K+ 3H2O)C6H6; Searles and Kebarle, 1969; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr141.J/mol*KHPMSSunner, Nishizawa, et al., 1981gas phase; switching reaction(K+ 3H2O)C6H6; Searles and Kebarle, 1969; M

(Potassium ion (1+) • Water) + Benzene = (Potassium ion (1+) • Benzene • Water)

By formula: (K+ • H2O) + C6H6 = (K+ • C6H6 • H2O)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr70.3kJ/molHPMSSunner, Nishizawa, et al., 1981gas phase; switching reaction(K+)2H2O; Searles and Kebarle, 1969; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr113.J/mol*KHPMSSunner, Nishizawa, et al., 1981gas phase; switching reaction(K+)2H2O; Searles and Kebarle, 1969; M

(Potassium ion (1+) • 2Water) + Benzene = (Potassium ion (1+) • Benzene • 2Water)

By formula: (K+ • 2H2O) + C6H6 = (K+ • C6H6 • 2H2O)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr56.1kJ/molHPMSSunner, Nishizawa, et al., 1981gas phase; switching reaction(K+)3H2O; Searles and Kebarle, 1969; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr102.J/mol*KHPMSSunner, Nishizawa, et al., 1981gas phase; switching reaction(K+)3H2O; Searles and Kebarle, 1969; M

(Potassium ion (1+) • 3Water) + Benzene = (Potassium ion (1+) • Benzene • 3Water)

By formula: (K+ • 3H2O) + C6H6 = (K+ • C6H6 • 3H2O)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr52.7kJ/molHPMSSunner, Nishizawa, et al., 1981gas phase; switching reaction(K+)4H2O; Searles and Kebarle, 1969; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr115.J/mol*KHPMSSunner, Nishizawa, et al., 1981gas phase; switching reaction(K+)4H2O; Searles and Kebarle, 1969; M

Lithium ion (1+) + Benzene = (Lithium ion (1+) • Benzene)

By formula: Li+ + C6H6 = (Li+ • C6H6)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr161. ± 13.kJ/molCIDTAmicangelo and Armentrout, 2000RCD
Δr159.kJ/molICRWoodin and Beauchamp, 1978gas phase; switching reaction(Li+)H2O, Entropy change calculated or estimated; Dzidic and Kebarle, 1970 extrapolated; M
Δr153.kJ/molICRStaley and Beauchamp, 1975gas phase; switching reaction(Li+)H2O, from graph; Dzidic and Kebarle, 1970 extrapolated; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr115.J/mol*KN/AWoodin and Beauchamp, 1978gas phase; switching reaction(Li+)H2O, Entropy change calculated or estimated; Dzidic and Kebarle, 1970 extrapolated; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr124.kJ/molICRWoodin and Beauchamp, 1978gas phase; switching reaction(Li+)H2O, Entropy change calculated or estimated; Dzidic and Kebarle, 1970 extrapolated; M

(Lithium ion (1+) • Benzene) + Benzene = (Lithium ion (1+) • 2Benzene)

By formula: (Li+ • C6H6) + C6H6 = (Li+ • 2C6H6)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr104. ± 7.1kJ/molCIDTAmicangelo and Armentrout, 2000RCD

Magnesium ion (1+) + Benzene = (Magnesium ion (1+) • Benzene)

By formula: Mg+ + C6H6 = (Mg+ • C6H6)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr134. ± 9.6kJ/molCIDTAndersen, Muntean, et al., 2000RCD
Δr155.kJ/molRAKGapeev and Dunbar, 2000RCD

Manganese ion (1+) + Benzene = (Manganese ion (1+) • Benzene)

By formula: Mn+ + C6H6 = (Mn+ • C6H6)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr144.kJ/molMIDLin, Chen, et al., 1997RCD
Δr133. ± 9.2kJ/molCIDTMeyer, Khan, et al., 1995RCD

Enthalpy of reaction

ΔrH° (kJ/mol) T (K) Method Reference Comment
133. (+8.8,-0.) CIDMeyer, Khan, et al., 1995gas phase; guided ion beam CID; M

(Manganese ion (1+) • Benzene) + Benzene = (Manganese ion (1+) • 2Benzene)

By formula: (Mn+ • C6H6) + C6H6 = (Mn+ • 2C6H6)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr203. ± 16.kJ/molCIDTMeyer, Khan, et al., 1995RCD

Enthalpy of reaction

ΔrH° (kJ/mol) T (K) Method Reference Comment
203. (+16.,-0.) CIDMeyer, Khan, et al., 1995gas phase; guided ion beam CID; M

Nitric oxide anion + Benzene = C6H6NO-

By formula: NO- + C6H6 = C6H6NO-

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr40. ± 9.6kJ/molN/ALe Barbu, Schiedt, et al., 2002gas phase; Affinity is difference in EAs of lesser solvated species; B

Nitric oxide anion + Benzene = (Nitric oxide anion • Benzene)

By formula: NO- + C6H6 = (NO- • C6H6)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr172.kJ/molICRReents and Freiser, 1981gas phase; switching reaction,Thermochemical ladder(NO+)C2H5OH, Entropy change calculated or estimated; Farid and McMahon, 1978; M

Sodium ion (1+) + Benzene = (Sodium ion (1+) • Benzene)

By formula: Na+ + C6H6 = (Na+ • C6H6)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr95.4 ± 5.9kJ/molCIDCAmicangelo and Armentrout, 2001Anchor NH3=24.41; RCD
Δr88.3 ± 5.0kJ/molCIDTAmicangelo and Armentrout, 2000RCD
Δr88.3 ± 4.6kJ/molCIDTArmentrout and Rodgers, 2000RCD
Δr117.kJ/molHPMSGuo, Purnell, et al., 1990gas phase; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr131.J/mol*KHPMSGuo, Purnell, et al., 1990gas phase; M

Free energy of reaction

ΔrG° (kJ/mol) T (K) Method Reference Comment
65.7298.IMREMcMahon and Ohanessian, 2000Anchor alanine=39.89; RCD

(Sodium ion (1+) • Benzene) + Benzene = (Sodium ion (1+) • 2Benzene)

By formula: (Na+ • C6H6) + C6H6 = (Na+ • 2C6H6)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr81. ± 5.kJ/molAVGN/AAverage of 7 values; Individual data points

Nickel ion (1+) + Benzene = (Nickel ion (1+) • Benzene)

By formula: Ni+ + C6H6 = (Ni+ • C6H6)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr243. ± 11.kJ/molCIDTMeyer, Khan, et al., 1995RCD

Enthalpy of reaction

ΔrH° (kJ/mol) T (K) Method Reference Comment
243. (+10.,-0.) CIDMeyer, Khan, et al., 1995gas phase; guided ion beam CID; M

(Nickel ion (1+) • Benzene) + Benzene = (Nickel ion (1+) • 2Benzene)

By formula: (Ni+ • C6H6) + C6H6 = (Ni+ • 2C6H6)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr147. ± 12.kJ/molCIDTMeyer, Khan, et al., 1995RCD

Enthalpy of reaction

ΔrH° (kJ/mol) T (K) Method Reference Comment
147. (+12.,-0.) CIDMeyer, Khan, et al., 1995gas phase; guided ion beam CID; M

Oxygen anion + Benzene = C6H6O2-

By formula: O2- + C6H6 = C6H6O2-

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr59.0 ± 9.6kJ/molN/ALe Barbu, Schiedt, et al., 2002gas phase; Affinity is difference in EAs of lesser solvated species; B

Lead ion (1+) + Benzene = (Lead ion (1+) • Benzene)

By formula: Pb+ + C6H6 = (Pb+ • C6H6)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr110.kJ/molPHPMSGuo, Purnell, et al., 1990gas phase; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr90.4J/mol*KPHPMSGuo, Purnell, et al., 1990gas phase; M

Rubidium ion (1+) + Benzene = (Rubidium ion (1+) • Benzene)

By formula: Rb+ + C6H6 = (Rb+ • C6H6)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr69. ± 4.kJ/molCIDTAmicangelo and Armentrout, 2000RCD

(Rubidium ion (1+) • Benzene) + Benzene = (Rubidium ion (1+) • 2Benzene)

By formula: (Rb+ • C6H6) + C6H6 = (Rb+ • 2C6H6)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr62.8 ± 7.9kJ/molCIDTAmicangelo and Armentrout, 2000RCD

Titanium ion (1+) + Benzene = (Titanium ion (1+) • Benzene)

By formula: Ti+ + C6H6 = (Ti+ • C6H6)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr213.kJ/molRAKGapeev and Dunbar, 2002RCD
Δr259. ± 9.2kJ/molCIDTMeyer, Khan, et al., 1995RCD

Enthalpy of reaction

ΔrH° (kJ/mol) T (K) Method Reference Comment
259. (+8.8,-0.) CIDMeyer, Khan, et al., 1995gas phase; guided ion beam CID; M

(Titanium ion (1+) • Benzene) + Benzene = (Titanium ion (1+) • 2Benzene)

By formula: (Ti+ • C6H6) + C6H6 = (Ti+ • 2C6H6)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr253. ± 18.kJ/molCIDTMeyer, Khan, et al., 1995RCD

Enthalpy of reaction

ΔrH° (kJ/mol) T (K) Method Reference Comment
253. (+18.,-0.) CIDMeyer, Khan, et al., 1995gas phase; guided ion beam CID; M

Vanadium ion (1+) + Benzene = (Vanadium ion (1+) • Benzene)

By formula: V+ + C6H6 = (V+ • C6H6)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr>230.kJ/molRAKGapeev and Dunbar, 2002RCD
Δr234. ± 10.kJ/molCIDTMeyer, Khan, et al., 1995RCD

Enthalpy of reaction

ΔrH° (kJ/mol) T (K) Method Reference Comment
233. (+9.6,-0.) CIDMeyer, Khan, et al., 1995gas phase; guided ion beam CID; M

(Vanadium ion (1+) • Benzene) + Benzene = (Vanadium ion (1+) • 2Benzene)

By formula: (V+ • C6H6) + C6H6 = (V+ • 2C6H6)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr246. ± 18.kJ/molCIDMeyer, Khan, et al., 1995gas phase; ΔrH(0k), guided ion beam CID; M,RCD

(V- • Benzene, fluoro-) + Benzene = (V- • Benzene • Benzene, fluoro-)

By formula: (V- • C6H5F) + C6H6 = (V- • C6H6 • C6H5F)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr10. ± 63.kJ/molN/AJudai, Hirano, et al., 1997gas phase; B

IR Spectrum

Go To: Top, Gas phase ion energetics data, Ion clustering data, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), UV/Visible spectrum, Vibrational and/or electronic energy levels, Gas Chromatography, References, Notes

Data compiled by: Coblentz Society, Inc.

Data compiled by: Tanya L. Myers, Russell G. Tonkyn, Ashley M. Oeck, Tyler O. Danby, John S. Loring, Matthew S. Taubman, Stephen W. Sharpe, Jerome C. Birnbaum, and Timothy J. Johnson

Data compiled by: NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, William E. Wallace, director

Data compiled by: Pamela M. Chu, Franklin R. Guenther, George C. Rhoderick, and Walter J. Lafferty


Mass spectrum (electron ionization)

Go To: Top, Gas phase ion energetics data, Ion clustering data, IR Spectrum, UV/Visible spectrum, Vibrational and/or electronic energy levels, Gas Chromatography, References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled by: NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, William E. Wallace, director

Spectrum

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Mass spectrum
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Additional Data

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Due to licensing restrictions, this spectrum cannot be downloaded.

Owner NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center
Collection (C) 2014 copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce
on behalf of the United States of America. All rights reserved.
Origin NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, 1990.
NIST MS number 114388

All mass spectra in this site (plus many more) are available from the NIST/EPA/NIH Mass Spectral Library. Please see the following for information about the library and its accompanying search program.


UV/Visible spectrum

Go To: Top, Gas phase ion energetics data, Ion clustering data, IR Spectrum, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), Vibrational and/or electronic energy levels, Gas Chromatography, References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled by: Victor Talrose, Eugeny B. Stern, Antonina A. Goncharova, Natalia A. Messineva, Natalia V. Trusova, Margarita V. Efimkina

Spectrum

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UVVis spectrum
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Additional Data

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Download spectrum in JCAMP-DX format.

Source Romand and Vodar, 1951
Owner INEP CP RAS, NIST OSRD
Collection (C) 2007 copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce
on behalf of the United States of America. All rights reserved.
Origin INSTITUTE OF ENERGY PROBLEMS OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS, RAS
Source reference RAS UV No. 118
Instrument n.i.g.
Melting point 5.5
Boiling point 80.0

Vibrational and/or electronic energy levels

Go To: Top, Gas phase ion energetics data, Ion clustering data, IR Spectrum, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), UV/Visible spectrum, Gas Chromatography, References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled by: Takehiko Shimanouchi

Symmetry:   D6h     Symmetry Number σ = 12


 Sym.   No   Approximate   Selected Freq.  Infrared   Raman   Comments 
 Species   type of mode   Value   Rating   Value  Phase  Value  Phase

a1g 1 CH str 3062  C  ia 3061.9 VS p liq.
a1g 2 Ring str 992  C  ia 991.6 VS p liq.
a2g 3 CH bend 1326  E  ia 1326 VW liq.
a2u 4 CH bend 673  B 673 S gas  ia
b1u 5 CH str 3068  C 3067.57 VW sln.  ia
b1u 6 Ring deform 1010  C 1010 W sln.  ia
b2g 7 CH bend 995  E  ia  ia OC197207)
b2g 8 Ring deform 703  E  ia  ia OC198, ν208)
b2u 9 Ring str 1310  C 1310 W liq.  ia
b2u 10 CH bend 1150  C 1150 W liq.  ia
e1g 11 CH bend 849  C  ia 848.9 M dp liq.
e1u 12 CH str 3063  E 3080 S liq.  ia FR1316)
e1u 12 CH str 3063  E 3030 S liq.  ia FR1316)
e1u 13 Ring str + deform 1486  B 1486 S gas  ia
e1u 14 CH bend 1038  B 1038 S gas  ia
e2g 15 CH str 3047  C  ia 3046.8 S dp liq.
e2g 16 Ring str 1596  E  ia 1606.4 S dp liq. FR218)
e2g 16 Ring str 1596  E  ia 1584.6 S dp liq. FR218)
e2g 17 CH bend 1178  C  ia 1178.0 S dp liq.
e2g 18 Ring deform 606  C  ia 605.6 S dp liq.
e2u 19 CH bend 975  C 975 W liq.  ia
e2u 20 Ring deform 410  C 417.7 S sln.  ia
e2u 20 Ring deform 410  C 403.0 S sln.  ia

Source: Shimanouchi, 1972

Notes

VSVery strong
SStrong
MMedium
WWeak
VWVery weak
iaInactive
pPolarized
dpDepolarized
FRFermi resonance with an overtone or a combination tone indicated in the parentheses.
OCFrequency estimated from an overtone or a combination tone indicated in the parentheses.
B1~3 cm-1 uncertainty
C3~6 cm-1 uncertainty
E15~30 cm-1 uncertainty

Gas Chromatography

Go To: Top, Gas phase ion energetics data, Ion clustering data, IR Spectrum, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), UV/Visible spectrum, Vibrational and/or electronic energy levels, References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled by: NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, William E. Wallace, director

Kovats' RI, non-polar column, isothermal

View large format table.

Column type Active phase Temperature (C) I Reference Comment
CapillaryRTX-5100.685.Ádámová, Orinák, et al., 200530. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, N2
CapillaryRTX-5120.694.74Ádámová, Orinák, et al., 200530. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, N2
CapillaryRTX-560.672.74Ádámová, Orinák, et al., 200530. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, N2
CapillaryRTX-580.674.03Ádámová, Orinák, et al., 200530. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, N2
CapillaryHP-10.651.1Wang, Liu, et al., 200530. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm
CapillaryHP-110.648.9Wang, Liu, et al., 200530. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm
CapillaryHP-120.657.6Wang, Liu, et al., 200530. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm
CapillaryHP-130.650.2Wang, Liu, et al., 200530. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm
CapillaryHP-140.646.8Wang, Liu, et al., 200530. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm
CapillaryHP-150.645.Wang, Liu, et al., 200530. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm
CapillaryHP-160.652.6Wang, Liu, et al., 200530. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm
PackedSE-30160.638.Kurbatova, Finkelstein, et al., 2004Chromaton N-AW; Column length: 1. m
CapillaryHP-5100.678.8Pérez-Parajón, Santiuste, et al., 200460. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm
CapillaryHP-5120.683.3Pérez-Parajón, Santiuste, et al., 200460. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm
CapillarySqualane70.641.51Soják, 2004H2
CapillarySqualane70.641.45Soják, 2004N2
CapillarySqualane70.641.96Soják, 2004N2
CapillaryDB-1313.649.89Ciaznska-Halarewicz and Kowalska, 200330. m/0.32 mm/1. μm
CapillaryDB-1323.651.77Ciaznska-Halarewicz and Kowalska, 200330. m/0.32 mm/1. μm
CapillaryDB-1333.653.93Ciaznska-Halarewicz and Kowalska, 200330. m/0.32 mm/1. μm
CapillaryDB-1343.656.09Ciaznska-Halarewicz and Kowalska, 200330. m/0.32 mm/1. μm
CapillaryDB-1353.658.35Ciaznska-Halarewicz and Kowalska, 200330. m/0.32 mm/1. μm
CapillaryDB-1363.660.36Ciaznska-Halarewicz and Kowalska, 200330. m/0.32 mm/1. μm
CapillaryDB-1373.663.60Ciaznska-Halarewicz and Kowalska, 200330. m/0.32 mm/1. μm
CapillaryDB-1383.664.40Ciaznska-Halarewicz and Kowalska, 200330. m/0.32 mm/1. μm
CapillaryDB-1393.666.96Ciaznska-Halarewicz and Kowalska, 200330. m/0.32 mm/1. μm
CapillaryDB-1403.670.44Ciaznska-Halarewicz and Kowalska, 200330. m/0.32 mm/1. μm
CapillaryDB-1413.672.02Ciaznska-Halarewicz and Kowalska, 200330. m/0.32 mm/1. μm
CapillaryDB-1423.674.86Ciaznska-Halarewicz and Kowalska, 200330. m/0.32 mm/1. μm
CapillaryDB-5313.666.03Ciaznska-Halarewicz and Kowalska, 200330. m/0.32 mm/1. μm
CapillaryDB-5323.667.42Ciaznska-Halarewicz and Kowalska, 200330. m/0.32 mm/1. μm
CapillaryDB-5333.669.56Ciaznska-Halarewicz and Kowalska, 200330. m/0.32 mm/1. μm
CapillaryDB-5343.671.74Ciaznska-Halarewicz and Kowalska, 200330. m/0.32 mm/1. μm
CapillaryDB-5353.673.50Ciaznska-Halarewicz and Kowalska, 200330. m/0.32 mm/1. μm
CapillaryDB-5363.675.70Ciaznska-Halarewicz and Kowalska, 200330. m/0.32 mm/1. μm
CapillaryDB-5373.677.75Ciaznska-Halarewicz and Kowalska, 200330. m/0.32 mm/1. μm
CapillaryDB-5383.680.27Ciaznska-Halarewicz and Kowalska, 200330. m/0.32 mm/1. μm
CapillaryDB-5393.681.27Ciaznska-Halarewicz and Kowalska, 200330. m/0.32 mm/1. μm
CapillaryDB-5403.683.59Ciaznska-Halarewicz and Kowalska, 200330. m/0.32 mm/1. μm
CapillaryDB-5413.685.29Ciaznska-Halarewicz and Kowalska, 200330. m/0.32 mm/1. μm
CapillaryDB-5423.687.79Ciaznska-Halarewicz and Kowalska, 200330. m/0.32 mm/1. μm
PackedOV-1130.672.Gurevich and Roshchina, 2003He or N2, Gas-Chrom Q
CapillarySE-30160.684.6Santiuste, Harangi, et al., 2003 
CapillaryHP-5120.682.5Santiuste, Harangi, et al., 2003 
CapillaryHP-5120.676.Santiuste J.M. and Takacs J.M., 200360. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, N2
CapillaryHP-5140.686.4Santiuste J.M. and Takacs J.M., 200360. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, N2
CapillaryMethyl Silicone150.670.45Berezkin, Korolev, et al., 2002He; Column length: 15. m; Column diameter: 0.24 mm
CapillarySqualane50.636.6Wick, Siepmann, et al., 200230. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He
CapillarySqualane60.639.1Wick, Siepmann, et al., 200230. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He
CapillarySqualane70.641.7Wick, Siepmann, et al., 200230. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He
CapillarySqualane80.644.5Wick, Siepmann, et al., 200230. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He
CapillarySqualane90.646.6Wick, Siepmann, et al., 200230. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He
CapillarySqualane100.650.0Wick, Siepmann, et al., 200230. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He
CapillarySqualane110.652.5Wick, Siepmann, et al., 200230. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He
PackedC78, Branched paraffin130.677.2Dallos, Sisak, et al., 2000He; Column length: 3.3 m
CapillaryHP-10160.654.52Garay, 200050. m/0.2 mm/0.2 μm, H2
CapillaryOV-101110.662.Zhuravleva, 200050. m/0.3 mm/0.4 μm, He
CapillarySqualane200.675.Castello, Vezzani, et al., 1999 
CapillaryOV-1100.663.Zhu, Zhang, et al., 1999Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm
CapillaryOV-1100.663.0Zhu, Zhang, et al., 1999Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm
CapillaryDB-1140.668.Beens, Tijssen, et al., 199810. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He
CapillaryDB-160.654.Dewulf, Van Langenhove, et al., 199730. m/0.53 mm/5.0 μm, He
CapillaryOV-1010.644.Skrbic, 1997 
CapillaryOV-101110.677.Terenina, Zhuravieva, et al., 199750. m/0.3 mm/0.4 μm, He
PackedOV-101100.663.2Righezza, Hassani, et al., 1996N2, Chromosorb G HP; Column length: 5. m
PackedOV-101110.667.4Righezza, Hassani, et al., 1996N2, Chromosorb G HP; Column length: 5. m
PackedOV-10180.654.7Righezza, Hassani, et al., 1996N2, Chromosorb G HP; Column length: 5. m
PackedOV-10190.660.2Righezza, Hassani, et al., 1996N2, Chromosorb G HP; Column length: 5. m
CapillaryCP Sil 260.649.4Estel, Mohnke, et al., 1995100. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm
CapillaryCP Sil 280.656.3Estel, Mohnke, et al., 1995100. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm
CapillarySPB-160.643.Castello, Vezzani, et al., 199430. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, He
CapillaryOV-101150.678.1Cha and Lee, 1994Column length: 20. m; Column diameter: 0.5 mm
CapillaryOV-101180.688.0Cha and Lee, 1994Column length: 20. m; Column diameter: 0.5 mm
CapillaryDB-160.653.8Krupcik, Skacani, et al., 1994H2; Phase thickness: 0.25 μm
CapillaryPONA60.654.2Krupcik, Skacani, et al., 1994H2; Phase thickness: 0.5 μm
CapillaryPONA60.654.2Krupcik, Skacani, et al., 1994H2; Phase thickness: 0.5 μm
CapillaryDB-160.654.4Krupcik, Skacani, et al., 1994H2; Phase thickness: 1. μm
CapillaryOV-10160.653.5Krupcik, Skacani, et al., 1994H2; Phase thickness: 0.2 μm
CapillaryCP Sil 5 CB20.647.2Do and Raulin, 199225. m/0.15 mm/2. μm, H2
PackedOV-101120.669.9Hassani and Meklati, 1992N2, Chromosorb G HP; Column length: 5. m
PackedSqualane100.649.Hongwei and Zhide, 1992H2, Silanized white support (80-100 mesh); Column length: 3. m
PackedSE-30120.666.Kowalski, 1992He, Gas Chrom Q (100-120 mesh); Column length: 0.25 m
PackedC78, Branched paraffin130.675.0Reddy, Dutoit, et al., 1992Chromosorb G HP; Column length: 3.3 m
CapillaryHP-160.655.Zhang, Li, et al., 1992N2; Column length: 25. m; Column diameter: 0.20 mm
CapillaryHP-160.655.Zhang, Li, et al., 1992N2; Column length: 25. m; Column diameter: 0.20 mm
CapillaryHP-1100.664.Zhang, Li, et al., 1992N2; Column length: 25. m; Column diameter: 0.20 mm
CapillaryHP-1100.664.Zhang, Li, et al., 1992N2; Column length: 25. m; Column diameter: 0.20 mm
CapillaryOV-1100.663.1Engewald and Maurer, 1990Column length: 60. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm
CapillaryOV-1120.670.7Engewald and Maurer, 1990Column length: 60. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm
CapillaryOV-101100.663.Dimov and Mekenyan, 1989Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm
CapillaryOV-145.651.3Guan, Kiraly, et al., 198920. m/0.32 mm/1.2 μm, He
CapillaryOV-165.655.4Guan, Kiraly, et al., 198920. m/0.32 mm/1.2 μm, He
CapillaryOV-145.651.4Guan, Kiraly, et al., 198925. m/0.31 mm/0.52 μm, He
CapillaryOV-165.655.8Guan, Kiraly, et al., 198925. m/0.31 mm/0.52 μm, He
CapillarySqualane50.637.2Guan, Kiraly, et al., 198950. m/0.22 mm/0.21 μm, He
CapillarySqualane70.641.8Guan, Kiraly, et al., 198950. m/0.22 mm/0.21 μm, He
CapillarySE-5445.666.5Guan, Kiraly, et al., 198925. m/0.31 mm/0.52 μm, He
CapillarySE-5465.667.4Guan, Kiraly, et al., 198925. m/0.31 mm/0.52 μm, He
PackedSqualane70.645.Safina, Poznyak, et al., 1989He, Risorb (0.2-0.3 mm); Column length: 2. m
CapillaryHP-160.654.Bangjie, Yijian, et al., 1988N2; Column length: 25. m; Column diameter: 0.20 mm
CapillaryHP-160.655.Bangjie, Yijian, et al., 1988N2; Column length: 25. m; Column diameter: 0.20 mm
CapillaryOV-10140.649.Laub and Purnell, 1988 
CapillaryOV-10160.653.Laub and Purnell, 1988 
CapillaryOV-10180.658.Laub and Purnell, 1988 
CapillarySqualane50.637.Lunskii and Paizanskaya, 1988He; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.22 mm
CapillarySqualane70.641.4Lunskii and Paizanskaya, 1988He; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.22 mm
CapillarySE-30110.662.Samusenko and Golovnya, 198825. m/0.32 mm/1. μm, He
CapillarySE-3080.661.Samusenko and Golovnya, 198825. m/0.32 mm/1. μm, He
CapillaryPoraPLOT Q200.630.de Zeeuw, de Nijs, et al., 1988H2; Column length: 25. m; Column diameter: 0.53 mm
CapillaryPoraPLOT Q200.650.de Zeeuw, de Nijs, et al., 1988H2; Column length: 25. m; Column diameter: 0.53 mm
CapillaryOV-101100.664.Engewald, Topalova, et al., 1987Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.30 mm
PackedApolane150.687.Evans and Haken, 1987He, Chromosorb G AW DCMS; Column length: 3.7 m
PackedOV-101120.672.Fernández-Sánchez, Fernández-Torres, et al., 1987N2, Chromosorb W AW DMCS (80-100 mesh); Column length: 2. m
PackedSqualane80.646.Fernández-Sánchez, García-Domínguez, et al., 1987H2
PackedSqualane80.642.Kersten and Poole, 1987N2; Column length: 3.5 m
CapillarySqualane100.651.Nabivach and Vasiliev, 1987 
CapillaryOV-10140.652.1Boneva and Dimov, 1986100. m/0.27 mm/0.9 μm
CapillaryOV-10150.654.1Boneva and Dimov, 1986100. m/0.27 mm/0.9 μm
CapillaryOV-10160.656.0Boneva and Dimov, 1986100. m/0.27 mm/0.9 μm
CapillaryOV-10170.658.3Boneva and Dimov, 1986100. m/0.27 mm/0.9 μm
PackedApolane150.687.Haken and Vernon, 1986Chromosorb G AW DCMS; Column length: 3.7 m
PackedSE-30180.681.Oszczapowicz, Osek, et al., 1985N2, Chromosorb A AW; Column length: 3. m
PackedSE-3042.655.Rudenko, Mal'tsev, et al., 1985Column length: 3. m
PackedSE-30180.681.Oszczapowicz, Osek, et al., 1984N2, Chromosorb W AW; Column length: 3. m
PackedSE-30120.668.Stolyarov and Kartsova, 1984N2; Column length: 200. m
PackedSE-30150.675.Tiess, 1984Ar, Gas Chrom Q (80-100 mesh); Column length: 3. m
PackedOV-1120.669.Valko, Papp, et al., 1984Gas Chrom Q; Column length: 2. m
CapillaryOV-101100.662.Boneva, Papazova, et al., 1983N2; Column length: 85. m; Column diameter: 0.28 mm
CapillaryOV-101100.664.Boneva, Papazova, et al., 1983N2; Column length: 85. m; Column diameter: 0.28 mm
CapillaryOV-101100.662.Boneva, Papazova, et al., 1983N2; Column length: 85. m; Column diameter: 0.28 mm
CapillaryOV-101110.664.Boneva, Papazova, et al., 1983N2; Column length: 85. m; Column diameter: 0.28 mm
PackedApolane100.670.Castello and D'Amato, 1983He, Chromosorb G; Column length: 3. m
PackedSqualane100.647.Castello and D'Amato, 1983He, Chromosorb G; Column length: 3. m
PackedSqualane120.653.Castello and D'Amato, 1983He, Chromosorb G; Column length: 3. m
PackedSqualane125.652.Castello and D'Amato, 1983He, Chromosorb G; Column length: 3. m
PackedSqualane200.675.Castello and D'Amato, 1983He, Chromosorb G; Column length: 3. m
CapillaryOV-10130.647.Chien, Furio, et al., 1983 
CapillaryOV-10140.649.Chien, Furio, et al., 1983 
CapillaryOV-10150.651.Chien, Furio, et al., 1983 
CapillaryOV-10160.653.Chien, Furio, et al., 1983 
CapillaryOV-10170.656.Chien, Furio, et al., 1983 
CapillaryOV-10180.658.Chien, Furio, et al., 1983 
CapillaryOV-330.671.1Chien, Furio, et al., 1983, 2 
CapillaryOV-340.673.0Chien, Furio, et al., 1983, 2 
CapillaryOV-350.675.1Chien, Furio, et al., 1983, 2 
CapillaryOV-360.677.2Chien, Furio, et al., 1983, 2 
CapillaryOV-370.679.5Chien, Furio, et al., 1983, 2 
CapillaryOV-380.681.9Chien, Furio, et al., 1983, 2 
CapillarySqualane106.650.Kugucheva and Mashinsky, 1983He; Column length: 100. m
CapillarySqualane96.647.Kugucheva and Mashinsky, 1983He; Column length: 100. m
CapillaryDB-160.653.8Lubeck and Sutton, 1983Column length: 60. m; Column diameter: 0.264 mm
CapillaryDB-160.654.4Lubeck and Sutton, 198360. m/0.259 mm/1. μm
CapillarySE-3070.657.1Tóth, 1983N2; Column length: 15. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm
PackedApiezon L100.685.2Vernon and Suratman, 1983He; Column length: 2. m
PackedApiezon L100.685.6Vernon and Suratman, 1983He; Column length: 2. m
PackedApiezon L100.686.8Vernon and Suratman, 1983He; Column length: 2. m
PackedApiezon L100.687.4Vernon and Suratman, 1983He; Column length: 2. m
PackedSE-30100.664.Winskowski, 1983Gaschrom Q; Column length: 2. m
CapillaryOV-150.652.Anders, Scheller, et al., 1982Column length: 55. m; Column diameter: 0.21 mm
CapillarySE-30130.670.Bredael, 1982Column length: 100. m; Column diameter: 0.5 mm
CapillarySE-3080.659.Bredael, 1982Column length: 100. m; Column diameter: 0.5 mm
CapillaryOV-101100.664.Gerasimenko and Nabivach, 1982N2; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.30 mm
CapillaryOV-101120.671.Gerasimenko and Nabivach, 1982N2; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.30 mm
CapillaryOV-101140.678.Gerasimenko and Nabivach, 1982N2; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.30 mm
PackedApiezon L70.667.Jaworski, 1982Column length: 1.8 m
PackedApiezon L150.680.Jaworski, 1982Column length: 3. m
CapillaryOV-10150.654.Johansen and Ettre, 1982100. m/0.27 mm/0.20 μm
CapillaryOV-10150.651.Johansen and Ettre, 198255. m/0.27 mm/0.9 μm
CapillaryOV-150.653.Johansen and Ettre, 198217.5 m/0.2 mm/0.15 μm
CapillarySE-3050.650.Johansen and Ettre, 198217.5 m/0.2 mm/0.15 μm
CapillarySqualane86.648.Macák, Nabivach, et al., 1982N2; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm
CapillarySqualane96.650.22Macák, Nabivach, et al., 1982N2; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm
CapillaryOV-130.648.4Chien, Kopecni, et al., 1981H2
CapillaryOV-140.650.5Chien, Kopecni, et al., 1981H2
CapillaryOV-150.652.6Chien, Kopecni, et al., 1981H2
CapillaryOV-160.654.9Chien, Kopecni, et al., 1981H2
CapillaryOV-170.657.2Chien, Kopecni, et al., 1981H2
CapillaryOV-180.659.7Chien, Kopecni, et al., 1981H2
CapillarySE-3030.645.7Chien, Kopecni, et al., 1981H2
CapillarySE-3040.648.Chien, Kopecni, et al., 1981H2
CapillarySE-3050.650.3Chien, Kopecni, et al., 1981H2
CapillarySE-3060.652.7Chien, Kopecni, et al., 1981H2
CapillarySE-3070.655.2Chien, Kopecni, et al., 1981H2
CapillarySE-3080.658.2Chien, Kopecni, et al., 1981H2
CapillaryOV-101100.663.6Gerasimenko, Kirilenko, et al., 1981N2; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.3 mm
CapillaryOV-101120.670.7Gerasimenko, Kirilenko, et al., 1981N2; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.3 mm
CapillaryOV-101140.677.8Gerasimenko, Kirilenko, et al., 1981N2; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.3 mm
CapillarySqualane50.638.Mitra, 1981N2; Column length: 100. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm
CapillarySqualane50.638.Mitra, 1981N2; Column length: 100. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm
CapillaryOV-160.646.Nijs and Jacobs, 1981He; Column length: 150. m; Column diameter: 0.50 mm
CapillarySE-3080.659.1Albaigés and Guardino, 1980He; Column length: 64. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm
CapillarySqualane80.642.9Albaigés and Guardino, 1980He; Column length: 100. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm
CapillaryApiezon L100.683.Morishita, Okano, et al., 1980Column length: 45. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm
PackedSqualane100.650.Nabivach and Kirilenko, 1980He, Chromaton N-AW-HMDS; Column length: 1. m
CapillarySqualane50.637.4Bajus, Veselý, et al., 1979Column length: 100. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm
CapillarySqualane70.642.2Bajus, Veselý, et al., 1979Column length: 100. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm
CapillarySqualane50.637.2Bajus, Veselý, et al., 1979, 2Column length: 100. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm
CapillarySqualane70.642.5Bajus, Veselý, et al., 1979, 2Column length: 100. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm
PackedTriacontane80.651.Castello and D'Amato, 1979He, Chromosorb W AW (60-80 mesh); Column length: 3. m
PackedSqualane80.652.Castello and D'Amato, 1979He, Chromosorb W AW (60-80 mesh); Column length: 3. m
PackedSqualane100.648.Gröbler and Bálizs, 1979Column length: 1. m
CapillarySqualane86.647.8Nabivach and Kirilenko, 1979N2; Column length: 50. m
CapillarySqualane86.648.0Nabivach and Kirilenko, 1979N2; Column length: 50. m
CapillarySqualane86.648.7Nabivach and Kirilenko, 1979N2; Column length: 50. m
CapillarySqualane86.649.0Nabivach and Kirilenko, 1979N2; Column length: 50. m
CapillarySqualane70.642.5Nabivach and Kirilenko, 1979N2; Column length: 50. m
CapillarySqualane70.642.9Nabivach and Kirilenko, 1979N2; Column length: 50. m
CapillarySqualane70.641.1Drozd, Novák, et al., 1978Column length: 10. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm
CapillarySqualane70.641.4Drozd, Novák, et al., 1978Column length: 10. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm
CapillarySqualane86.648.Nabivach, Bur'yan, et al., 1978Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm
CapillarySqualane96.650.2Nabivach, Bur'yan, et al., 1978Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm
CapillarySqualane50.636.8Welsch, Engewald, et al., 1978Column length: 80. m; Column diameter: 0.23 mm
CapillaryApiezon M120.684.Golovnya and Misharina, 1977 
CapillarySqualane100.650.Engewald and Wennrich, 1976N2; Column length: 100. m; Column diameter: 0.23 mm
CapillarySqualane100.645.5Lulova, Leont'eva, et al., 1976He; Column length: 120. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm
CapillarySqualane100.646.Lulova, Leont'eva, et al., 1976He; Column length: 120. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm
PackedApolane70.659.2Riedo, Fritz, et al., 1976He, Chromosorb; Column length: 2.4 m
CapillarySqualane60.639.Ryba, 1976Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm
CapillarySqualane60.642.Ryba, 1976Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm
CapillarySqualane80.644.42Soják and Rijks, 1976H2; Column length: 100. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm
PackedSE-3040.648.Vylegzhanina and Keiser, 1976Chromaton N-AW-GMDS; Column length: 1. m
PackedSE-3060.647.Vylegzhanina and Keiser, 1976Chromaton N-AW-GMDS; Column length: 1. m
PackedSqualane100.650.Vernon and Edwards, 1975N2, DCMS-treated Celite; Column length: 1. m
PackedSE-30150.674.Ashes and Haken, 1974Celaton (62-72 mesh); Column length: 3.7 m
CapillarySqualane42.5636.Engewald, Epsch, et al., 1974N2; Column length: 100. m; Column diameter: 0.23 mm
CapillarySqualane70.644.Engewald, Epsch, et al., 1974N2; Column length: 100. m; Column diameter: 0.23 mm
CapillarySqualane50.637.Rijks and Cramers, 1974N2; Column length: 100. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm
CapillarySqualane70.642.Rijks and Cramers, 1974N2; Column length: 100. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm
CapillarySE-3065.654.8Svob, Deur-Siftar, et al., 1974He; Column length: 25.5 m; Column diameter: 0.5 mm
CapillarySE-3065.654.8Svob, Deur-Siftar, et al., 1974He; Column length: 25.5 m; Column diameter: 0.5 mm
CapillarySE-3065.654.8Svob, Deur-Siftar, et al., 1974He; Column length: 25.5 m; Column diameter: 0.5 mm
CapillarySE-3065.654.7Svob, Deur-Siftar, et al., 1974He; Column length: 25.5 m; Column diameter: 0.5 mm
CapillarySE-3065.654.7Svob, Deur-Siftar, et al., 1974He; Column length: 25.5 m; Column diameter: 0.5 mm
CapillarySE-3065.654.8Svob and Deur-Siftar, 1974He; Column length: 25.5 m; Column diameter: 0.5 mm
CapillarySqualane100.650.4Svob and Deur-Siftar, 1974He; Column length: 10.5 m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm
CapillarySqualane50.638.Gäumann and Bonzo, 1973Column length: 100. m
CapillaryOV-10150.652.Pacáková, Hoch, et al., 197325. m/0.25 mm/1.39 μm, N2
CapillaryOV-10150.654.Pacáková, Hoch, et al., 197325. m/0.25 mm/1.39 μm, N2
CapillaryOV-10160.654.Pacáková, Hoch, et al., 197325. m/0.25 mm/1.39 μm, N2
CapillaryOV-10160.656.Pacáková, Hoch, et al., 197325. m/0.25 mm/1.39 μm, N2
CapillarySqualane100.660.7Schomburg and Dielmann, 1973Column length: 100. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm
CapillarySqualane120.649.Agrawal, Tesarík, et al., 1972N2, Celite 545; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.3 mm
CapillarySqualane86.644.Agrawal, Tesarík, et al., 1972N2, Celite 545; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.3 mm
CapillaryVacuum Grease Oil (VM-4)35.652.Sidorov, Petrova, et al., 1972 
CapillaryVacuum Grease Oil (VM-4)45.655.Sidorov, Petrova, et al., 1972 
CapillaryVacuum Grease Oil (VM-4)50.657.Sidorov, Petrova, et al., 1972 
CapillaryVacuum Grease Oil (VM-4)58.660.Sidorov, Petrova, et al., 1972 
CapillaryVacuum Grease Oil (VM-4)68.662.Sidorov, Petrova, et al., 1972 
PackedSqualane50.640.0Takács, Tálas, et al., 1972N2, Chromosorb W; Column length: 3. m
CapillarySqualane70.639.7Dimov and Schopov, 1971Column length: 100. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm
PackedSE-3075.656.Robinson and Odell, 1971N2, Chromosorb W; Column length: 6.1 m
PackedSqualane100.648.Robinson and Odell, 1971N2, Embacel; Column length: 3.0 m
PackedSqualane50.637.Vernon, 1971N2
PackedApiezon L100.685.Wagaman and Smith, 1971CH4; Column length: 3. m
CapillarySqualane80.648.5Wallaert, 1971Column length: 100. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm
CapillarySqualane115.653.6Soják and Bucinská, 1970N2; Column length: 200. m; Column diameter: 0.2 mm
CapillarySqualane86.646.6Soják and Bucinská, 1970N2; Column length: 200. m; Column diameter: 0.2 mm
PackedApiezon L100.681.Brown, Chapman, et al., 1968N2, DCMS-treated Chromosorb W; Column length: 2.3 m
PackedSqualane27.634.Hively and Hinton, 1968He, Chromosorb P; Column length: 15. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm
PackedSqualane49.640.Hively and Hinton, 1968He, Chromosorb P; Column length: 15. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm
PackedSqualane67.645.Hively and Hinton, 1968He, Chromosorb P; Column length: 15. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm
PackedSqualane86.649.Hively and Hinton, 1968He, Chromosorb P; Column length: 15. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm
PackedApiezon L100.680.Bonastre and Grenier, 1967Chromosorb P; Column length: 10. m
PackedApiezon L120.686.Bonastre and Grenier, 1967Chromosorb P; Column length: 10. m
PackedApiezon L140.694.Bonastre and Grenier, 1967Chromosorb P; Column length: 10. m
PackedApiezon L80.681.Bonastre and Grenier, 1967Chromosorb P; Column length: 10. m
PackedSqualane100.650.Bonastre and Grenier, 1967Chromosorb P; Column length: 6. m
PackedSqualane120.655.Bonastre and Grenier, 1967Chromosorb P; Column length: 6. m
PackedSqualane140.660.Bonastre and Grenier, 1967Chromosorb P; Column length: 6. m
PackedSqualane80.645.Bonastre and Grenier, 1967Chromosorb P; Column length: 6. m
PackedSqualane22.631.Evans, 1966Untreated celite; Column length: 1.8 m
PackedSqualane30.632.Evans, 1966Untreated celite; Column length: 1.8 m
PackedSqualane40.634.Evans, 1966Untreated celite; Column length: 1.8 m
PackedSqualane55.643.Evans, 1966Untreated celite; Column length: 1.8 m
PackedSqualane70.645.Evans, 1966Untreated celite; Column length: 1.8 m
PackedApiezon L130.691.Wehrli and Kováts, 1959Celite; Column length: 2.25 m

Kovats' RI, non-polar column, temperature ramp

View large format table.

Column type Active phase I Reference Comment
CapillaryDB-5662.Buchin, Salmon, et al., 200260. m/0.32 mm/1. μm, He, 40. C @ 5. min, 3. K/min, 230. C @ 2. min
CapillarySE-54650.Rembold, Wallner, et al., 198930. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 0. C @ 12. min, 12. K/min; Tend: 250. C
CapillaryOV-101642.Hayes and Pitzer, 1982110. m/0.25 mm/0.20 μm, He, 1. K/min; Tstart: 35. C; Tend: 200. C
CapillaryApiezon L665.Louis, 1971N2, 1. K/min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; Tstart: 60. C

Kovats' RI, non-polar column, custom temperature program

View large format table.

Column type Active phase I Reference Comment
CapillaryBP-1647.SGE, 2005Program: not specified
CapillaryBP-5667.SGE, 2005Program: not specified
CapillaryBPX-5664.SGE, 2005Program: not specified
CapillaryHP-1629.Wongpornchai, Sriseadka, et al., 200330. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 35C => 2C/min => 100C => 5C/min => 230C(2min)
CapillaryPetrocol DH-100649.7Haagen-Smit Laboratory, 1997He; Column length: 100. m; Column diameter: 0.2 mm; Program: 5C(10min) => 5C/min => 50C(48min) => 1.5C/min => 195C(91min)
CapillaryDB-1649.Hoekman, 199360. m/0.32 mm/1.0 μm, He; Program: -40 C for 12 min; -40 - 125 C at 3 deg.min; 125-185 C at 6 deg/min; 185 - 220 C at 20 deg/min; hold 220 C for 2 min
PackedApiezon M681.3Jalali-Heravi and Garkani-Nejad, 1993Chromosorb W; Column length: 2. m; Program: not specified
CapillarySPB-1661.6Castello, Timossi, et al., 1988N2; Column length: 60. m; Column diameter: 0.75 mm; Program: not specified
CapillarySqualane652.Papazova and Pankova, 1975N2; Column length: 100. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; Program: not specified
PackedSE-30650.Moffat, Stead, et al., 1974Chromosrb G; Column length: 2. m; Program: not specified

Kovats' RI, polar column, isothermal

View large format table.

Column type Active phase Temperature (C) I Reference Comment
PackedCarbowax 20M160.979.Kurbatova, Finkelstein, et al., 2004Chromaton N-AW; Column length: 1. m
CapillaryZB-Wax100.979.4Pérez-Parajón, Santiuste, et al., 200460. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm
CapillaryZB-Wax120.988.6Pérez-Parajón, Santiuste, et al., 200460. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm
CapillaryZB-Wax140.999.5Pérez-Parajón, Santiuste, et al., 200460. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm
CapillaryDB-Wax40.947.77Ciaznska-Halarewicz and Kowalska, 2003Column length: 30. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm
CapillaryDB-Wax50.953.66Ciaznska-Halarewicz and Kowalska, 2003Column length: 30. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm
CapillaryDB-Wax60.963.67Ciaznska-Halarewicz and Kowalska, 2003Column length: 30. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm
CapillaryDB-Wax70.971.57Ciaznska-Halarewicz and Kowalska, 2003Column length: 30. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm
CapillaryDB-Wax80.980.53Ciaznska-Halarewicz and Kowalska, 2003Column length: 30. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm
CapillaryDB-Wax90.989.54Ciaznska-Halarewicz and Kowalska, 2003Column length: 30. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm
CapillaryDB-Wax100.998.62Ciaznska-Halarewicz and Kowalska, 2003Column length: 30. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm
CapillaryDB-Wax110.1007.64Ciaznska-Halarewicz and Kowalska, 2003Column length: 30. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm
CapillaryCarbowax 20M150.970.Egazaryants and Maximov, 1998He; Column length: 15. m; Column diameter: 0.5 mm
CapillaryCarbowax 20M150.971.Egazaryants and Maximov, 1998He; Column length: 15. m; Column diameter: 0.5 mm
CapillaryPEG-40M150.925.Terenina, Zhuravieva, et al., 199750. m/0.3 mm/0.4 μm, He
CapillarySupelcowax-1060.955.5Castello, Vezzani, et al., 199430. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, He
CapillaryPEG-20M80.945.2Orav, Kuningas, et al., 199450. m/0.2 mm/0.13 μm, He
CapillaryPEG-20M80.958.2Orav, Kuningas, et al., 199450. m/0.2 mm/0.19 μm, He
CapillaryPEG-20M80.959.5Orav, Kuningas, et al., 199450. m/0.2 mm/0.22 μm, He
CapillarySupelcowax-1060.964.Castello, Vezzani, et al., 1991N2; Column length: 60. m; Column diameter: 0.75 mm
PackedCarbowax 20M120.992.Fernández-Sánchez, Fernández-Torres, et al., 1987N2, Chromosorb W AW DMCS; Column length: 2. m
PackedCarbowax 20M80.952.Kersten and Poole, 1987N2, Chromosorb W-AW; Column length: 3.5 m
PackedCarbowax 20M150.971.Haken and Vernon, 1986Chromosorb G AW DCMS; Column length: 3.7 m; Column diameter: 6.4 mm
CapillaryCarbowax 20M100.968.66Podmaniczky, Szepesy, et al., 1985 
CapillaryCarbowax 20M110.972.80Podmaniczky, Szepesy, et al., 1985 
CapillaryCarbowax 20M120.976.91Podmaniczky, Szepesy, et al., 1985 
CapillaryCarbowax 20M70.957.21Podmaniczky, Szepesy, et al., 1985 
CapillaryCarbowax 20M80.960.69Podmaniczky, Szepesy, et al., 1985 
CapillaryCarbowax 20M90.964.88Podmaniczky, Szepesy, et al., 1985 
PackedPEG-20M120.979.Stolyarov and Kartsova, 1984N2, Chromaton N AW HMDS; Column length: 2. m
CapillaryPEG-20M70.954.5Tóth, 1983N2; Column length: 30. m; Column diameter: 0.3 mm
PackedCarbowax 20M100.965.7Vernon and Suratman, 1983He; Column length: 2. m
PackedCarbowax 20M100.973.3Vernon and Suratman, 1983He; Column length: 2. m
PackedCarbowax 20M100.979.3Vernon and Suratman, 1983He; Column length: 2. m
PackedCarbowax 20M100.982.6Vernon and Suratman, 1983He; Column length: 2. m
PackedCarbowax 20M100.969.7Vernon and Suratman, 1983, 2He, A silanized white support; Column length: 2. m
PackedCarbowax 20M110.974.2Vernon and Suratman, 1983, 2He, A silanized white support; Column length: 2. m
PackedCarbowax 20M120.978.8Vernon and Suratman, 1983, 2He, A silanized white support; Column length: 2. m
PackedCarbowax 20M130.983.4Vernon and Suratman, 1983, 2He, A silanized white support; Column length: 2. m
PackedCarbowax 20M150.992.6Vernon and Suratman, 1983, 2He, A silanized white support; Column length: 2. m
PackedCarbowax 20M75.959.Goebel, 1982N2, Kieselgur (60-100 mesh); Column length: 2. m
CapillaryPEG-20M100.955.Morishita, Okano, et al., 1980Column length: 75. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm
PackedCarbowax 20M150.967.0Ellis and Still, 1979Chromosorb W, AW-DMCS
PackedCarbowax 20M115.972.6Ellis and Still, 1979Chromosorb G
PackedCarbowax 20M115.973.4Ellis and Still, 1979Chromosorb G
PackedCarbowax 20M165.985.7Ellis and Still, 1979, 2Chromosorb W, AW-DMCS
CapillaryCarbowax 20M100.947.2Engewald and Wennrich, 1976N2; Column length: 100. m; Column diameter: 0.23 mm
CapillaryCarbowax 20M90.933.4Döring, Estel, et al., 1974Column length: 100. m; Column diameter: 0.2 mm
PackedPEG-2000150.987.Anderson, Jurel, et al., 1973He, Celite 545 (44-60 mesh); Column length: 3. m
PackedPEG-2000152.978.Anderson, Jurel, et al., 1973He, Celite 545 (44-60 mesh); Column length: 3. m
PackedPEG-2000179.1005.Anderson, Jurel, et al., 1973He, Celite 545 (44-60 mesh); Column length: 3. m
PackedPEG-2000180.991.Anderson, Jurel, et al., 1973He, Celite 545 (44-60 mesh); Column length: 3. m
PackedPEG-2000200.1000.Anderson, Jurel, et al., 1973He, Celite 545 (44-60 mesh); Column length: 3. m
PackedPEG-20M150.970.Tibor and Anna, 1971N2, Chromosorb W-AW; Column length: 2. m
PackedPEG-20M170.985.Tibor and Anna, 1971N2, Chromosorb W-AW; Column length: 2. m
PackedPolyethylene Glycol 4000100.974.Bonastre and Grenier, 1967Chromosorb P; Column length: 6. m
PackedPolyethylene Glycol 4000120.981.Bonastre and Grenier, 1967Chromosorb P; Column length: 6. m
PackedPolyethylene Glycol 4000140.987.Bonastre and Grenier, 1967Chromosorb P; Column length: 6. m
PackedPolyethylene Glycol 400080.967.Bonastre and Grenier, 1967Chromosorb P; Column length: 6. m

Kovats' RI, polar column, temperature ramp

View large format table.

Column type Active phase I Reference Comment
CapillaryDB-Wax924.Umano and Shibamoto, 1987He, 40. C @ 10. min, 2. K/min; Column length: 60. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; Tend: 200. C

Kovats' RI, polar column, custom temperature program

View large format table.

Column type Active phase I Reference Comment
CapillaryBP-20947.SGE, 2005Program: not specified
CapillaryPEG-20M953.Slizhov and Gavrilenko, 2001He; Column length: 10. m; Column diameter: 0.2 mm; Program: not specified
CapillarySupelcowax-10967.7Castello, Timossi, et al., 1988N2; Column length: 60. m; Column diameter: 0.75 mm; Program: not specified

Van Den Dool and Kratz RI, non-polar column, temperature ramp

View large format table.

Column type Active phase I Reference Comment
CapillarySPB-5663.Engel and Ratel, 200760. m/0.32 mm/1. μm, 40. C @ 2. min, 3. K/min, 230. C @ 10. min
CapillaryCP-Sil 8CB-MS654.Elmore, Cooper, et al., 20050. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 40. C @ 2. min, 4. K/min, 280. C @ 5. min
CapillaryHP-5662.Insausti, Goñi, et al., 200550. m/0.32 mm/1.05 μm, He, 35. C @ 15. min, 8. K/min, 220. C @ 5. min
CapillaryCP-Sil 8CB-MS663.Hierro, de la Hoz, et al., 200460. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, 40. C @ 2. min, 4. K/min, 280. C @ 5. min
CapillaryPetrocol DH647.5Censullo, Jones, et al., 200350. m/0.25 mm/0.5 μm, He, 35. C @ 10. min, 3. K/min, 200. C @ 10. min
CapillaryHP-5648.Isidorov, Vinogorova, et al., 200325. C @ 5. min, 3. K/min; Column length: 30. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; Tend: 150. C
CapillarySPB-1638.32LECO Corporation, 200330. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, 40. C @ 2. min, 10. K/min, 250. C @ 2. min
CapillarySPB-1638.98LECO Corporation, 200330. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, 40. C @ 2. min, 10. K/min, 250. C @ 2. min
CapillaryDB-5654.8Song, Lai, et al., 200330. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 4. K/min; Tstart: 40. C; Tend: 310. C
CapillaryDB-5653.8Song, Lai, et al., 200330. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 40. C @ 5. min, 4. K/min; Tend: 310. C
CapillaryDB-5654.2Song, Lai, et al., 200330. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 2. K/min; Tstart: 40. C; Tend: 310. C
CapillaryDB-5654.8Song, Lai, et al., 200330. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 4. K/min; Tstart: 40. C; Tend: 310. C
CapillaryDB-5656.1Song, Lai, et al., 200330. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 6. K/min; Tstart: 40. C; Tend: 310. C
CapillaryDB-5660.6Xu, van Stee, et al., 200330. m/0.25 mm/1. μm, He, 2.5 K/min; Tstart: 50. C; Tend: 200. C
CapillaryDB-5648.Dallüge, van Stee, et al., 200230. m/0.25 mm/1. μm, He, 2.5 K/min; Tstart: 50. C; Tend: 200. C
CapillaryOV-101645.0Yin, Liu, et al., 2001N2, 1. K/min; Column length: 80. m; Column diameter: 0.22 mm; Tstart: 30. C; Tend: 130. C
CapillaryCP Sil 8 CB658.Yassaa, Meklati, et al., 199925. m/0.2 mm/0.25 μm, 40. C @ 8. min, 2. K/min; Tend: 200. C
CapillaryDB-1639.Beens, Tijssen, et al., 199810. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 2. K/min; Tstart: 30. C; Tend: 225. C
CapillaryDB-5664.Madruga and Mottram, 199830. m/0.32 mm/1. μm, 60. C @ 5. min, 4. K/min, 250. C @ 20. min
CapillarySE-54654.1Kivi-Etelätalo, Kostiainen, et al., 199750. m/0.32 mm/1. μm, He, 40. C @ 2. min, 10. K/min, 220. C @ 5. min
CapillaryPONA638.6Martos, Saraullo, et al., 199750. m/0.2 mm/0.5 μm, 35. C @ 0.5 min, 1. K/min, 220. C @ 8. min
CapillaryPONA640.7Martos, Saraullo, et al., 199750. m/0.2 mm/0.5 μm, 35. C @ 0.5 min, 1. K/min, 220. C @ 8. min
CapillaryDB-1645.DeMilo, Lee, et al., 199630. m/0.248 mm/0.25 μm, He, 50. C @ 5. min, 5. K/min; Tend: 250. C
CapillaryDB-1645.DeMilo, Lee, et al., 199630. m/0.248 mm/0.25 μm, He, 50. C @ 5. min, 5. K/min; Tend: 250. C
CapillaryDB-1646.DeMilo, Lee, et al., 199630. m/0.248 mm/0.25 μm, He, 50. C @ 5. min, 5. K/min; Tend: 250. C
CapillaryOV-1643.1Gautzsch and Zinn, 19968. K/min; Tstart: 35. C; Tend: 300. C
CapillaryDB-1640.5Helmig, Pollock, et al., 199630. m/0.25 mm/1. μm, 6. K/min; Tstart: -50. C; Tend: 180. C
CapillaryDB-5660.1Helmig, Pollock, et al., 199660. m/0.33 mm/0.25 μm, 6. K/min; Tstart: -50. C; Tend: 180. C
CapillaryDB-5654.2Lai and Song, 199530. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 2. K/min; Tstart: 40. C; Tend: 310. C
CapillaryDB-5654.8Lai and Song, 199530. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 4. K/min; Tstart: 40. C; Tend: 310. C
CapillaryDB-5656.1Lai and Song, 199530. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 6. K/min; Tstart: 40. C; Tend: 310. C
CapillaryDB-5654.8Lai and Song, 199530. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 4. K/min; Tstart: 40. C; Tend: 310. C
CapillaryDB-5653.8Lai and Song, 199530. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 40. C @ 5. min, 4. K/min; Tend: 310. C
CapillaryPetrocol DH641.77Subramaniam, Bochniak, et al., 1994100. m/0.25 mm/0.5 μm, He, 1. K/min; Tstart: 30. C; Tend: 220. C
CapillaryPetrocol DH641.83Subramaniam, Bochniak, et al., 1994100. m/0.25 mm/0.5 μm, He, 1. K/min; Tstart: 30. C; Tend: 220. C
CapillaryDB-1630.Yu, Lin, et al., 199460. m/0.25 mm/1.0 μm, He, 40. C @ 5. min, 2. K/min, 260. C @ 60. min
CapillaryUltra-1644.Olson, Sinkevitch, et al., 19924. K/min; Tstart: -40. C; Tend: 230. C
CapillaryDB-1654.Peng, Hua, et al., 199230. m/0.32 mm/1.5 μm, 40. C @ 4. min, 8. K/min; Tend: 280. C
CapillaryPetrocol DH641.72White, Douglas, et al., 1992100. m/0.25 mm/0.5 μm, He, 1. K/min; Tstart: 30. C; Tend: 220. C
CapillaryPetrocol DH642.White, Douglas, et al., 1992100. m/0.25 mm/0.5 μm, He, 1. K/min; Tstart: 30. C; Tend: 220. C
CapillaryPetrocol DH642.White, Hackett, et al., 1992100. m/0.25 mm/0.5 μm, He, 1. K/min; Tstart: 30. C; Tend: 220. C
CapillaryDB-5654.Morinaga, Hara, et al., 199015. m/0.53 mm/1.5 μm, He, 4. K/min; Tstart: 40. C; Tend: 90. C
CapillaryHP-1651.4Bangjie, Xijian, et al., 1987N2, 10. K/min; Column length: 25. m; Column diameter: 0.2 mm; Tstart: 30. C
CapillaryHP-1648.9Bangjie, Xijian, et al., 1987N2, 2. K/min; Column length: 25. m; Column diameter: 0.2 mm; Tstart: 30. C
CapillaryHP-1648.Bangjie, Xijian, et al., 1987N2, 30. C @ 5. min, 5. K/min; Column length: 25. m; Column diameter: 0.2 mm
CapillaryUltra-1640.61Haynes and Pitzer, 198550. m/0.22 mm/0.33 μm, He, 1. K/min; Tstart: -30. C; Tend: 240. C
CapillaryUltra-1643.07Haynes and Pitzer, 198550. m/0.22 mm/0.33 μm, He, 2. K/min; Tstart: -30. C; Tend: 240. C
CapillaryUltra-1644.46Haynes and Pitzer, 198550. m/0.22 mm/0.33 μm, He, 3. K/min; Tstart: -30. C; Tend: 240. C
CapillaryUltra-2655.57Haynes and Pitzer, 198550. m/0.22 mm/0.33 μm, He, 1. K/min; Tstart: -30. C; Tend: 240. C
CapillaryUltra-2658.13Haynes and Pitzer, 198550. m/0.22 mm/0.33 μm, He, 2. K/min; Tstart: -30. C; Tend: 240. C
CapillaryUltra-2659.63Haynes and Pitzer, 198550. m/0.22 mm/0.33 μm, He, 3. K/min; Tstart: -30. C; Tend: 240. C
PackedSE-30654.Buchman, Cao, et al., 1984He, Chromosorb AW, 40. C @ 10. min, 10. K/min, 210. C @ 30. min; Column length: 3.05 m
CapillaryOV-1645.26Knoppel, de Bortoli, et al., 198335. C @ 5. min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.2 mm; Tend: 280. C
CapillaryOV-1642.7Knoppel, de Bortoli, et al., 198335. C @ 5. min; Column length: 25. m; Column diameter: 0.31 mm; Tend: 280. C
CapillaryOV-1646.Knoppel, de Bortoli, et al., 198224. m/0.3 mm/1.1 μm, 35. C @ 5. min, 4. K/min; Tend: 250. C
CapillaryOV-1647.11Knoppel, de Bortoli, et al., 198230. m/0.3 mm/1.1 μm, 35. C @ 5. min, 4. K/min; Tend: 250. C
CapillaryOV-101642.Hayes and Pitzer, 1981108. m/0.25 mm/0.2 μm, 1. K/min; Tstart: 35. C; Tend: 200. C
PackedOV-101650.Nixon, Wong, et al., 1979Gas-Chrom Q, 2. K/min; Column length: 2.5 m; Tstart: 50. C; Tend: 220. C
CapillaryOV-1648.Schreyen, Dirinck, et al., 19761. K/min; Column length: 183. m; Column diameter: 0.762 mm; Tstart: 0. C; Tend: 230. C

Van Den Dool and Kratz RI, non-polar column, custom temperature program

View large format table.

Column type Active phase I Reference Comment
CapillaryCP Sil 8 CB659.Duckham, Dodson, et al., 200160. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm; Program: 0C => rapidly => 40C(8min) => 4C/min => 250C(10min)
CapillaryDB-1630.Peng, 200015. m/0.53 mm/1. μm, He; Program: 40C(3min) => 8C/min => 200(1min) => 5C/min => 300C(25min)
CapillaryMethyl Silicone640.20Hassoun, Pilling, et al., 199950. m/0.25 mm/1. μm, He; Program: -50C(2min) => 49.9C/min => 35C(10min) => 3C/min => 200C(2min) => 40C/min => 240C(30min)
PackedSE-30654.Peng, Ding, et al., 1988Supelcoport; Chromosorb; Column length: 3.05 m; Program: 40C(5min) => 10C/min => 200C or 250C (60min)
PackedSE-30654.Peng, Ding, et al., 1988Supelcoport; Chromosorb; Column length: 3.05 m; Program: 40C(5min) => 10C/min => 200C or 250C (60min)

Van Den Dool and Kratz RI, polar column, temperature ramp

View large format table.

Column type Active phase I Reference Comment
CapillaryCP-Wax 52CB936.Alasalvar, Taylor, et al., 200560. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, 35. C @ 4. min, 3. K/min; Tend: 203. C
CapillarySupelcowax-10940.Elmore, Nisyrios, et al., 200560. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 40. C @ 2. min, 4. K/min; Tend: 280. C
CapillaryCarbowax954.Censullo, Jones, et al., 200360. m/0.25 mm/0.5 μm, He, 50. C @ 10. min, 5. K/min, 250. C @ 10. min
CapillaryCP-Wax 52CB942.Liu, Yang, et al., 2001H2, 2. K/min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; Tstart: 50. C; Tend: 200. C
CapillaryDB-Wax943.Peng, 200015. m/0.53 mm/1. μm, He, 40. C @ 3. min, 5. K/min, 220. C @ 30. min
CapillaryHP-Wax947.Peng, 200015. m/0.53 mm/1. μm, He, 40. C @ 3. min, 5. K/min, 220. C @ 30. min
CapillaryFFAP939.Ott, Fay, et al., 199730. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 20. C @ 1. min, 4. K/min, 200. C @ 1. min
CapillaryDB-Wax938.Shimoda, Peralta, et al., 199660. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 3. K/min; Tstart: 50. C; Tend: 230. C
CapillaryDB-Wax940.Sumitani, Suekane, et al., 1994He, 40. C @ 5. min, 3. K/min; Column length: 60. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; Tend: 200. C
CapillaryDB-Wax947.Peng, Hua, et al., 199230. m/0.53 mm/1. μm, 40. C @ 4. min, 8. K/min, 200. C @ 20. min
CapillarySupelcowax-10938.Matiella and Hsieh, 199060. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, 40. C @ 5. min, 2. K/min, 175. C @ 20. min
CapillaryCP-WAX 57CB926.Baltes and Mevissen, 1988He, 50. C @ 5. min, 2. K/min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.24 mm; Tend: 210. C
PackedCarbowax 20M965.Buchman, Cao, et al., 1984He, Supelcoport, 40. C @ 10. min, 10. K/min, 210. C @ 30. min; Column length: 3.05 m

Van Den Dool and Kratz RI, polar column, custom temperature program

View large format table.

Column type Active phase I Reference Comment
CapillarySupelcowax-10936.Bianchi, Careri, et al., 200730. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 35C(8min) => 4C/min => 60C => 6C/min => 160C => 20C/min => 200C(1min)
CapillarySupelcowax-10938.Bianchi, Careri, et al., 200730. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 40C(1min) => 10C/min => 120C => 15C/min => 200C (1min)
CapillarySupelcowax-10938.Bianchi, Careri, et al., 200730. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 35C(8min) => 4C/min => 60C => 6C/min => 160C => 20C/min => 200C(1min)
CapillarySupelcowax-10938.Bianchi, Careri, et al., 200730. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 35C(8min) => 4C/min => 60C => 6C/min => 160C => 20C/min => 200C(1min)
CapillaryCP-Wax 52CB930.Madruga and Mottram, 199850. m/0.32 mm/0.21 μm; Program: 0C(5min) => fast => 60C(5min) => 4C/min => 220C(20min)

Normal alkane RI, non-polar column, isothermal

View large format table.

Column type Active phase Temperature (C) I Reference Comment
CapillaryPolydimethyl siloxane105.663.Tello, Lebron-Aguilar, et al., 2009 
CapillaryPolydimethyl siloxane75.657.Tello, Lebron-Aguilar, et al., 2009 
CapillaryPolydimethyl siloxane90.660.Tello, Lebron-Aguilar, et al., 2009 
PackedPolydimethyl siloxane120.667.Tello, Lebron-Aguilar, et al., 2009 
PackedPolydimethyl siloxane120.668.Tello, Lebron-Aguilar, et al., 2009 
PackedPolydimethyl siloxane120.668.Tello, Lebron-Aguilar, et al., 2009 
CapillaryMethyl Silicone100.662.Lebrón-Aguilar, Quintanilla-López, et al., 2007 
CapillaryMethyl Silicone120.668.Lebrón-Aguilar, Quintanilla-López, et al., 2007 
CapillaryMethyl Silicone140.672.Lebrón-Aguilar, Quintanilla-López, et al., 2007 
CapillaryMethyl Silicone80.658.Lebrón-Aguilar, Quintanilla-López, et al., 2007 
CapillaryMethyl Silicone120.668.Lebrón-Aguilar, Quintanilla-López, et al., 2007 
CapillaryMethyl Silicone120.668.Lebrón-Aguilar, Quintanilla-López, et al., 2007 
CapillaryMethyl Silicone120.668.Lebrón-Aguilar, Quintanilla-López, et al., 2007 
CapillaryMethyl Silicone120.678.Chen and Feng, 2006 
CapillaryOV-10140.654.Li and Deng, 1998N2; Column length: 51. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm
CapillaryOV-101100.663.Tian, 1993Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.20 mm
CapillaryOV-101100.664.Tian, 1993Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.20 mm
CapillaryOV-101120.670.Tian, 1993Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.20 mm
CapillaryOV-101120.670.Tian, 1993Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.20 mm
CapillaryOV-101102.656.Wang, Deng, et al., 1992Column length: 23. m; Column diameter: 0.50 mm
CapillaryOV-101106.657.Wang, Deng, et al., 1992Column length: 23. m; Column diameter: 0.50 mm
CapillaryOV-101110.658.Wang, Deng, et al., 1992Column length: 23. m; Column diameter: 0.50 mm
CapillaryOV-101114.659.Wang, Deng, et al., 1992Column length: 23. m; Column diameter: 0.50 mm
CapillaryOV-10194.654.Wang, Deng, et al., 1992Column length: 23. m; Column diameter: 0.50 mm
CapillaryOV-10198.655.Wang, Deng, et al., 1992Column length: 23. m; Column diameter: 0.50 mm
CapillaryOV-10198.655.Wang, Deng, et al., 1992Column length: 23. m; Column diameter: 0.50 mm
CapillaryMethyl Silicone50.638.N/AN2; Column length: 74.6 m; Column diameter: 0.28 mm
CapillaryOV-10150.651.Wu and Lu, 1984 
CapillaryOV-10170.655.Wu and Lu, 1984 
CapillaryE-301100.670.Bermejo, Moinelo, et al., 1980N2; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm
CapillarySqualane100.652.Bermejo, Moinelo, et al., 1980N2; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm
CapillarySqualane95.4638.Sojak and Vigdergauz, 1978H2
CapillarySqualane110.650.Papazova and Pankova, 1975N2; Column length: 100. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm
PackedApiezon L100.682.Kavan, 1973Column length: 3.2 m
CapillarySqualane86.635.Vigdergauz and Martynov, 1971He; Column length: 150. m; Column diameter: 0.35 mm
PackedDC-400150.658.Anderson, 1968Helium, Gas-Pak (60-80 mesh); Column length: 3.0 m
PackedSqualane125.655.Cremer and Nonn, 1964H2, Chromosorb W (80-100 mesh); Column length: 3. m
PackedPolydimethyl siloxane110.654.Ferrand, 1962 

Normal alkane RI, non-polar column, temperature ramp

View large format table.

Column type Active phase I Reference Comment
PackedSE-30660.MHA, 9999Nitrogen, Chromosorb G AW DMCS (80-100 mesh); Column length: 2. m; Tstart: 100. C; Tend: 300. C
CapillaryPolydimethyl siloxane: CP-Sil 5 CB648.Bramston-Cook, 201360. m/0.25 mm/1.0 μm, Helium, 45. C @ 1.45 min, 3.6 K/min, 210. C @ 2.72 min
CapillaryHP-5 MS653.Kotowska, Zalikowski, et al., 201230. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium, 35. C @ 5. min, 3. K/min, 300. C @ 15. min
CapillaryPetrocol DH643.Supelco, 2012100. m/0.25 mm/0.50 μm, Helium, 20. C @ 15. min, 15. K/min, 220. C @ 30. min
CapillaryUltra-ALLOY-5653.Tsuge, Ohtan, et al., 201130. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, 40. C @ 2. min, 20. K/min, 320. C @ 13. min
CapillaryZB-5657.Harrison and Priest, 200930. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium, 40. C @ 1. min, 6. K/min, 280. C @ 9. min
CapillaryPONA637.Zhang, Ding, et al., 200950. m/0.20 mm/0.50 μm, Nitrogen, 35. C @ 15. min, 2. K/min, 200. C @ 10. min
CapillarySPB-5661.Vasta, Ratel, et al., 200760. m/0.32 mm/1. μm, 40. C @ 5. min, 3. K/min, 230. C @ 5. min
CapillaryOV-101657.Zenkevich, Eliseenkov, et al., 2006Nitrogen, 6. K/min, 240. C @ 10. min; Column length: 25. m; Column diameter: 0.20 mm; Tstart: 60. C
CapillarySPB-5646.Pino, Marbot, et al., 200530. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 60. C @ 2. min, 4. K/min, 250. C @ 20. min
CapillaryOV-101656.Zenkevich, Makarov, et al., 200525. m/0.25 mm/0.20 μm, Nitrogen, 60. C @ 0. min, 8. K/min, 240. C @ 0. min
CapillaryHP-5653.Isidorov and Jdanova, 20023. K/min; Column length: 30. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; Tstart: 50. C; Tend: 200. C
CapillarySPB-5661.Poligné, Collignan, et al., 200160. m/0.32 mm/1. μm, He, 3. K/min; Tstart: 40. C; Tend: 200. C
CapillaryBP-1652.Health Safety Executive, 200050. m/0.22 mm/0.75 μm, He, 5. K/min; Tstart: 50. C; Tend: 200. C
CapillaryDB-5MS645.3Shoenmakers, Oomen, et al., 200030. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 40. C @ 1. min, 3. K/min; Tend: 250. C
CapillaryMethyl Silicone638.83Baraldi, Rapparini, et al., 199960. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, 40. C @ 10. min, 5. K/min; Tend: 220. C
CapillaryHP-5667.Jung, Wichmann, et al., 199925. m/0.20 mm/0.33 μm, 50. C @ 3. min, 5. K/min; Tend: 180. C
CapillaryOV-101649.Orav, Kailas, et al., 199950. m/0.20 mm/0.50 μm, Helium, 30. C @ 6. min, 1. K/min; Tend: 100. C
CapillaryDB-1648.Barrefors, Björkqvist, et al., 199650. m/0.32 mm/1. μm, 3. K/min; Tstart: -30. C
CapillarySE-54661.Huang, Liang, et al., 199636. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, 5. K/min; Tstart: 35. C; Tend: 240. C
CapillaryHP-5671.3Wang and Fingas, 199530. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 35. C @ 2. min, 10. K/min, 300. C @ 10. min
CapillaryDB-1649.Ciccioli, Cecinato, et al., 199260. m/0.32 mm/1.2 μm, He, 30. C @ 10. min, 3. K/min; Tend: 240. C
CapillaryOV-1638.Guan, Zheng, et al., 199250. m/0.32 mm/0.52 μm, H2, 1. K/min; Tstart: 30. C
CapillaryOV-1640.Guan, Zheng, et al., 199250. m/0.32 mm/0.52 μm, H2, 2. K/min; Tstart: 35. C
CapillaryCP Sil 5 CB640.Hartgers, Damste, et al., 199225. m/0.32 mm/0.45 μm, He, 0. C @ 5. min, 3. K/min, 320. C @ 10. min
CapillaryOV-101653.Zenkevich and Ventura, 1991Helium, 50. C @ 0. min, 5. K/min, 240. C @ 0. min; Column length: 54. m; Column diameter: 0.26 mm
CapillaryDB-1644.Binder, Benson, et al., 19904. K/min, 230. C @ 10. min; Column length: 60. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; Tstart: 50. C
CapillaryDB-1647.Binder, Turner, et al., 19904. K/min, 230. C @ 10. min; Tstart: 50. C
CapillaryHP-5640.Spadone, Takeoka, et al., 1990H2, 16. K/min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.3 mm; Tstart: 80. C; Tend: 250. C
CapillaryDB-1642.Binder, Flath, et al., 19894. K/min, 250. C @ 5. min; Column length: 60. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; Tstart: 50. C
CapillaryDB-1643.Binder and Flath, 198950. C @ 0.1 min, 4. K/min, 250. C @ 5. min; Column length: 60. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm
CapillaryOV-1640.5Durand, Boscher, et al., 198750. m/0.2 mm/0.52 μm, He, 35. C @ 10. min, 1.1 K/min; Tend: 150. C
CapillaryDB-1644.Habu, Flath, et al., 19853. K/min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; Tstart: 0. C; Tend: 250. C
CapillaryOV-101641.del Rosario, de Lumen, et al., 1984He, 0. C @ 1. min, 3. K/min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.31 mm; Tend: 225. C
CapillarySE-30642.Heydanek and McGorrin, 198140. C @ 3. min, 3. K/min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.5 mm; Tend: 170. C
CapillarySE-30641.Heydanek and McGorrin, 1981, 2He, 40. C @ 3. min, 3. K/min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.5 mm; Tend: 170. C
PackedApiezon L663.Dahlmann, Köser, et al., 1979Chromosorb G-AW-DMCS, 10. K/min; Column length: 2. m; Tstart: 25. C
CapillaryOV-1648.Schreyen, Dirinck, et al., 1979N2, 1. K/min; Column length: 183. m; Column diameter: 0.762 mm; Tstart: 0. C; Tend: 230. C
CapillarySF-96652.Donetzhuber, Johansson, et al., 1976Nitrogen, 3. K/min, 130. C @ 40. min; Column length: 111. m; Column diameter: 0.76 mm; Initial hold: 8. min

Normal alkane RI, non-polar column, custom temperature program

View large format table.

Column type Active phase I Reference Comment
CapillaryHP-5 MS657.Kotowska, Zalikowski, et al., 201230. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium; Program: not specified
CapillaryDB-5642.Yusuf and Bewaji, 2011Column length: 30. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; Program: not specified
CapillaryDB-5642.Yusuf and Bewaji, 2011, 2Helium; Column length: 30. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; Program: not specified
CapillaryNonpolar655.Staples and Zeiger, 2008Program: not specified
CapillaryDB-5 MS661.Liu, Xu, et al., 200760. m/0.32 mm/1.0 μm, Helium; Program: 40 0C (2 min) 6 0C/min -> 100 0C 4 0C/min -> 180 0C 8 0C/min -> 250 0C (12 min)
CapillaryOV-101670.Ebrahimi and Hadjmohammadi, 2006Program: not specified
CapillaryMethyl Silicone651.Blunden, Aneja, et al., 200560. m/0.32 mm/1.0 μm, Helium; Program: -50 0C (2 min) 8 0C/min -> 200 0C (7.75 min) 25 0C -> 225 0C (8 min)
CapillaryApiezon L686.Finkelstein, Kurbatova, et al., 2002Program: not specified
CapillaryMethyl phenyl siloxane (not specified)662.Poligne, Collignan, et al., 2002Program: not specified
CapillaryBP-1639.25Cooke, Hassoun, et al., 200150. m/0.25 mm/1. μm, He; Program: -50C => 49.9C/min => 5C(3min) => 3C/min => 50C => 5C/min => 220C(20 min)
CapillaryCP Sil 8 CB663.Duckham, Dodson, et al., 200160. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm; Program: not specified
CapillaryDB-5 MS671.Luo and Agnew, 200130. m/0.25 mm/1.0 μm, Helium; Program: not specified
CapillaryOV-101664.Zhu and Wang, 2001Program: not specified
CapillaryDB-1654.Zhu and Wang, 2001Program: not specified
CapillaryMethyl Silicone649.Spieksma, 1999Program: not specified
CapillaryMethyl Silicone657.Zenkevich, 1998Program: not specified
CapillarySPB-1655.Flanagan, Streete, et al., 199760. m/0.53 mm/5. μm, He; Program: 40C(6min) => 5C/min => 80C => 10C/min => 200C
CapillaryDB-1654.Peng, 199630. m/0.53 mm/1.5 μm; Program: 40 0C (4 min) 8 0C/min -> 200 0C (1 min) 5 0C/min -> 280 0C (20 min)
CapillarySE-30657.Xiuhua, Zhang, et al., 1996Program: not specified
CapillarySE-30664.Xiuhua, Zhang, et al., 1996Program: not specified
CapillaryMethyl Silicone657.Zenkevich, 1996Program: not specified
CapillaryDB-5674.Sorimachi, Tanabe, et al., 1995He; Column length: 30. m; Program: not specified
CapillaryMethyl Silicone643.Xu, Chu, et al., 1995Program: not specified
CapillaryDB-1640.Ciccioli, Cecinato, et al., 199460. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm; Program: not specified
CapillaryDB-1651.Schuberth, 199430. m/0.25 mm/1. μm, He; Program: 40C (4min) => 10C/min => 200C => 50C/min => 250C
CapillaryDB-1640.Ciccioli, Brancaleoni, et al., 199360. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm; Program: 3 min at 5 C; 5 - 50 C at 3 deg/min; 50 - 220 C at 5 deg/min
CapillarySE-30658.Lou, Liu, et al., 1993Column diameter: 0.25 mm; Program: not specified
CapillarySPB-1665.Strete, Ruprah, et al., 199260. m/0.53 mm/5.0 μm, Helium; Program: 40 0C (6 min) 5 0C/min -> 80 0C 10 0C/min -> 200 0C
CapillarySPB-1660.Strete, Ruprah, et al., 199260. m/0.53 mm/5.0 μm, Helium; Program: not specified
CapillaryOV-1648.6Engewald and Maurer, 1990Column length: 60. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; Program: 1) 1st 30m column temp ramp 4C/min 60-120C 2)2nd 30m column isothermal 100C
CapillaryOV-1658.Engewald and Maurer, 1990Column length: 60. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; Program: 1) 1st 30m column temp ramp 4C/min 60-120C. 2) 2nd 30m column isothermal 120C.
CapillaryOV-1663.5Engewald and Maurer, 1990Column length: 60. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; Program: 1) 1st 30m column temp ramp 6C/min 60-120C. 2) 2nd 30m column isothermal 120C.
CapillaryOV-1664.6Engewald and Maurer, 1990Column length: 60. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; Program: 1)1st 30m column temp ramp 3C/min 60-120 2)2nd 30m column isothermal 120C
CapillaryDB-1644.Binder, Flath, et al., 1989Column length: 60. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; Program: not specified
CapillaryDB-1644.Binder and Flath, 1989Column length: 60. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; Program: not specified
CapillarySqualane650.4Dimov and Mekenyan, 1989Program: not specified
CapillaryCP Sil 8 CB663.Weller and Wolf, 198940. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 30 0C (1 min) 15 0C/min -> 45 0C 3 0C/min -> 120 0C
CapillaryDB-1634.Takeoka, Flath, et al., 198830. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, H2; Program: 30C (2min) => 2C/min => 150C => 4C/min => 250C
CapillaryDB-1644.Takeoka, Flath, et al., 198830. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, H2; Program: 30C (2min) => 2C/min => 150C => 4C/min => 250C
CapillarySE-30665.P'yanova, Zvereva, et al., 1987Column length: 25. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; Program: not specified
CapillarySE-52666.van Langenhove and Schamp, 1986Column length: 100. m; Column diameter: 0.50 mm; Program: not specified
CapillaryOV-1669.Waggott and Davies, 1984Hydrogen; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; Program: not specified
CapillaryOV-1, SE-30, Methyl silicone, SP-2100, OV-101, DB-1, etc.653.Waggott and Davies, 1984Hydrogen; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; Program: not specified
CapillaryOV-1, SE-30, Methyl silicone, SP-2100, OV-101, DB-1, etc.673.Waggott and Davies, 1984Hydrogen; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; Program: not specified
CapillaryOV-1660.Ramsey and Flanagan, 1982Program: not specified
CapillarySE-30644.Heydanek and McGorrin, 1981, 2He; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.5 mm; Program: -10C (8min) => 12C/min => 26C => 3C/min => 170C (30min)
PackedSE-30665.Robinson and Odell, 1971N2, Chromosorb W; Column length: 6.1 m; Program: 50C910min) => 20C/min => 90(6min) => 10C/min => 150C(hold)
PackedSqualane645.Robinson and Odell, 1971N2, Embacel; Column length: 3.0 m; Program: 25C(5min) => 2C/min => 35 => 4C/min => 95C(hold)
PackedSE-30665.Robinson and Odell, 1971, 2Chrom W; Column length: 6.1 m; Program: 50C(10min) => 20C/min(2min) => 90C(6min) => 10C/min(6min) => (hold at 150C)
PackedSqualane645.Robinson and Odell, 1971, 2Embacel; Column length: 3.0 m; Program: 25C(5min) => 2C/min(5min) => 4C/min(15min) => (hold at 95C)

Normal alkane RI, polar column, isothermal

View large format table.

Column type Active phase Temperature (C) I Reference Comment
CapillaryCarbowax 20M100.975.Sun, Siepmann, et al., 200630. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium
CapillaryCarbowax 20M120.982.Sun, Siepmann, et al., 200630. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium
CapillaryCarbowax 20M140.994.Sun, Siepmann, et al., 200630. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium
CapillaryCarbowax 20M60.956.Sun, Siepmann, et al., 200630. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium
CapillaryCarbowax 20M80.965.Sun, Siepmann, et al., 200630. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium
CapillaryPEG-40M100.959.Nesterov, Nesterova, et al., 2000Column length: 50. m
CapillaryPEG-40M100.960.Nesterov, Nesterova, et al., 2000Column length: 50. m
CapillaryPEG-40M120.965.Nesterov, Nesterova, et al., 2000Column length: 50. m
CapillaryPEG-40M60.947.Nesterov, Nesterova, et al., 2000Column length: 50. m
CapillaryPEG-40M80.952.Nesterov, Nesterova, et al., 2000Column length: 50. m
CapillaryCarbowax 20M90.933.Sutter, Peterson, et al., 1997 

Normal alkane RI, polar column, temperature ramp

View large format table.

Column type Active phase I Reference Comment
CapillaryDB-Wax957.Shimadzu, 201230. m/0.32 mm/0.50 μm, Helium, 4. K/min; Tstart: 40. C; Tend: 260. C
CapillaryDB-Wax937.Ganeko, Shoda, et al., 20084. K/min; Column length: 60. m; Column diameter: 0.35 mm; Tstart: 40. C; Tend: 200. C
CapillaryDB-Wax955.Chida, Sone, et al., 200460. m/0.25 mm/0.5 μm, 35. C @ 5. min, 4. K/min, 240. C @ 10. min
CapillaryDB-Wax957.Shimadzu Corporation, 200330. m/0.32 mm/0.5 μm, He, 4. K/min; Tstart: 40. C; Tend: 260. C
CapillaryCarbowax 20M983.Kasali, Winterhalter, et al., 200230. m/0.25 mm/0.325 μm, He, 4. K/min, 215. C @ 20. min; Tstart: 50. C
CapillaryDB-Wax934.Duque, Bonilla, et al., 200130. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium, 4. K/min, 220. C @ 30. min; Tstart: 25. C
CapillaryDB-Wax932.Horiuchi, Umano, et al., 199860. m/0.25 mm/1. μm, He, 3. K/min, 200. C @ 40. min; Tstart: 50. C
CapillaryDB-Wax938.Umano, Hagi, et al., 1995He, 40. C @ 2. min, 2. K/min; Column length: 60. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; Tend: 200. C
CapillaryCarbowax 20M930.Herain, MRAVEC, et al., 199170. C @ 21. min, 5. K/min, 150. C @ 999. min
CapillaryDB-Wax937.Binder, Benson, et al., 19904. K/min, 230. C @ 10. min; Column length: 60. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; Tstart: 50. C
CapillaryDB-Wax937.Binder, Turner, et al., 19904. K/min, 230. C @ 10. min; Column length: 60. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; Tstart: 50. C
CapillaryDB-Wax938.Binder, Flath, et al., 198950. C @ 0.1 min, 4. K/min, 230. C @ 10. min; Column length: 60. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm
CapillaryDB-Wax937.Binder and Flath, 198950. C @ 0.1 min, 4. K/min, 250. C @ 5. min; Column length: 60. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm

Normal alkane RI, polar column, custom temperature program

View large format table.

Column type Active phase I Reference Comment
CapillarySOLGel-Wax938.Johanningsmeier and McFeeters, 201130. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium; Program: 40 0C (2 min) 5 0C/min -> 140 0C 10 0C/min -> 250 0C (3 min)
CapillarySOLGel-Wax936.Johanningsmeier and McFeeters, 201130. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium; Program: not specified
CapillarySupelko CO Wax951.Vekiari, Orepoulou, et al., 201060. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, Helium; Program: 40 0C (5 min) 4 0C/min -> 75 0C 5 0C/min -> 250 0C (10 min)
CapillarySupelcowax-10936.Berard, Bianchi, et al., 200730. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 35C(8min) => 6C/min => 60C => 4C/min => 160C => 20C/min => 200C(1min)
CapillarySupelcowax-10938.Berard, Bianchi, et al., 200730. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 35C(8min) => 6C/min => 60C => 4C/min => 160C => 20C/min => 200C(1min)
CapillaryHP-Innowax924.Narain, Galvao, et al., 200730. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium; Program: 30 0C (5 min) 5 0C/min -> 100 0C (5 min) 1 0C/min -> 130 0C 10 0C/min -> 195 0C (45 min)
CapillaryCarbowax 20M979.Finkelstein, Kurbatova, et al., 2002Program: not specified
CapillaryDB-Wax947.Peng, 199630. m/0.53 mm/1.0 μm; Program: 40 0C (4 min) 4 0C/min -> 200 0C (20 min)
CapillaryPEG-20M954.Xiuhua, Zhang, et al., 1996Program: not specified
CapillaryDB-Wax947.Peng, Yang, et al., 1991Program: not specified
CapillaryDB-Wax950.Peng, Yang, et al., 1991Program: not specified
CapillaryDB-Wax937.Binder, Flath, et al., 1989Column length: 60. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; Program: not specified
CapillaryDB-Wax937.Binder and Flath, 1989Column length: 60. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; Program: not specified
CapillaryCarbowax 20M935.Dimov and Mekenyan, 1989Program: not specified
CapillaryCarbowax 400, Carbowax 20M, Carbowax 1540, Carbowax 4000, Superox 06, PEG 20M, etc.959.Waggott and Davies, 1984Hydrogen; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; Program: not specified
CapillaryCarbowax 400, Carbowax 20M, Carbowax 1540, Carbowax 4000, Superox 06, PEG 20M, etc.965.Waggott and Davies, 1984Hydrogen; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; Program: not specified
CapillaryCarbowax 20M948.Ramsey and Flanagan, 1982Program: not specified

References

Go To: Top, Gas phase ion energetics data, Ion clustering data, IR Spectrum, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), UV/Visible spectrum, Vibrational and/or electronic energy levels, Gas Chromatography, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Hunter and Lias, 1998
Hunter, E.P.; Lias, S.G., Evaluated Gas Phase Basicities and Proton Affinities of Molecules: An Update, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 1998, 27, 3, 413-656, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.556018 . [all data]

Aue, Guidoni, et al., 2000
Aue, D.H.; Guidoni, M.; Betowski, L.D., Ab initio calculated gas-phase basicities of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons, Int. J. Mass Spectrom., 2000, 201, 283. [all data]

Nemeth, Selzle, et al., 1993
Nemeth, G.I.; Selzle, H.L.; Schlag, E.W., Magnetic ZEKE experiments with mass analysis, Chem. Phys. Lett., 1993, 215, 151. [all data]

Chewter, Sander, et al., 1987
Chewter, L.A.; Sander, M.; Muller-Dethlefs, K.; Schalg, E.W., High resolution zero kinetic energy photoelectron spectroscopy of benzene and determination of the ionization potential, J. Chem. Phys., 1987, 86, 4737. [all data]

Stahl and Maquin, 1984
Stahl, D.; Maquin, F., Charge-stripping mass spectrometry of molecular ions from polyacenes and molecular orbital theory, Chem. Phys. Lett., 1984, 108, 613. [all data]

Grubb, Whetten, et al., 1984
Grubb, S.G.; Whetten, R.L.; Albrecht, A.C.; Grant, E.R., A precise determination of the first ionization potential of benzene, Chem. Phys. Lett., 1984, 108, 420. [all data]

Arimura and Yoshikawa, 1984
Arimura, M.; Yoshikawa, Y., Ionization efficiency and ionization energy of cyclic compounds by electron impact, Mass Spectrosc. (Tokyo), 1984, 32, 375. [all data]

Klasinc, Kovac, et al., 1983
Klasinc, L.; Kovac, B.; Gusten, H., Photoelectron spectra of acenes. Electronic structure and substituent effects, Pure Appl. Chem., 1983, 55, 289. [all data]

Cetinkaya, Lappert, et al., 1983
Cetinkaya, B.; Lappert, M.F.; Suffolk, R.J., Photoelectron spectra of some sterically hindered phenols and related compounds, J. Chem. Res. Synop., 1983, 316. [all data]

Kimura, Katsumata, et al., 1981
Kimura, K.; Katsumata, S.; Achiba, Y.; Yamazaki, T.; Iwata, S., Ionization energies, Ab initio assignments, and valence electronic structure for 200 molecules in Handbook of HeI Photoelectron Spectra of Fundamental Organic Compounds, Japan Scientific Soc. Press, Tokyo, 1981. [all data]

Duncan, Dietz, et al., 1981
Duncan, M.A.; Dietz, T.G.; Smalley, R.E., Two-color photoionization of naphthalene and benzene at threshold, J. Chem. Phys., 1981, 75, 2118. [all data]

Clare and Sowerby, 1981
Clare, P.; Sowerby, D.B., Electron impact ionisation energies of some halo-cyclotriphosphazenes, J. Inorg. Nucl. Chem., 1981, 43, 477. [all data]

Bieri and Asbrink, 1980
Bieri, G.; Asbrink, L., 30.4-nm He(II) photoelectron spectra of organic molecules, J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom., 1980, 20, 149. [all data]

Sell, Mintz, et al., 1978
Sell, J.A.; Mintz, D.M.; Kupperman, A., Photoelectron angular distributions of carbon-carbon π electrons in ethylene, benzene, and their fluorinated derivatives, Chem. Phys. Lett., 1978, 58, 601. [all data]

Mattsson, Karlsson, et al., 1977
Mattsson, L.; Karlsson, L.; Jadrny, R.; Siegbahn, K., Valence electron spectrum of C6H6 excited by linearly polarized HeI radiation, Phys. Scr., 1977, 16, 221. [all data]

Bieri, Burger, et al., 1977
Bieri, G.; Burger, F.; Heilbronner, E.; Maier, J.P., Valence ionization enrgies of hydrocarbons, Helv. Chim. Acta, 1977, 60, 2213. [all data]

Selim, 1976
Selim, E.T.M., Electron impact study of benzene, Egypt. J. Phys., 1976, 7, 91. [all data]

Behan, Johnstone, et al., 1976
Behan, J.M.; Johnstone, R.A.W.; Bentley, T.W., An evaluation of empirical methods for calculating the ionization potentials of substituted benzenes, Org. Mass Spectrom., 1976, 11, 207. [all data]

Baldwin, Loudon, et al., 1976
Baldwin, M.A.; Loudon, A.G.; Maccoll, A.; Webb, K.S., The nature and fragmentation pathways of the molecular ions of some arylureas, arylthioureas, acetanilides, thioacetanilides and related compounds, Org. Mass Spectrom., 1976, 11, 1181. [all data]

Pitt, 1973
Pitt, C.G., Hyperconjugation and its role in group IV chemistry, J. Organomet. Chem., 1973, 61, 49. [all data]

Tajima, Shimizu, et al., 1972
Tajima, S.; Shimizu, Y.; Tsuchiya, T., The effect of the shield voltage on appearance potential measurements using a mass spectrometer, Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn., 1972, 45, 931. [all data]

Finney and Harrison, 1972
Finney, C.D.; Harrison, A.G., A third-derivative method for determining electron-impact onset potentials, Int. J. Mass Spectrom. Ion Phys., 1972, 9, 221. [all data]

Chizhov, Kleimenov, et al., 1972
Chizhov, Yu.V.; Kleimenov, V.I.; Medynskii, G.S.; Vilesov, F.I., Photoelectron spectra of some bromoethylenes and 2-bromopropene, Can. J. Chem., 1972, 50, 2642. [all data]

Sergeev, Akopyan, et al., 1970
Sergeev, Yu.L.; Akopyan, M.E.; Vilesov, F.I.; Kleimenov, V.I., Photoionization processes in phenyl halides, Opt. i Spektroskopiya, 1970, 29, 119, In original 63. [all data]

Demeo and El-Sayed, 1970
Demeo, D.A.; El-Sayed, M.A., Ionization potential and structure of olefins, J. Chem. Phys., 1970, 52, 2622. [all data]

Buchs, 1970
Buchs, A., Etude par spectrometrie de masse de l'ionisation de benzonitriles, de phenylacetonitriles et de N,N-dimethylanilines substitues, Helv. Chim. Acta, 1970, 53, 2026. [all data]

Asbrink, Lindholm, et al., 1970
Asbrink, L.; Lindholm, E.; Edqvist, O., Jahn-Teller effect in the vibrational structure of the photoelectron spectrum of benzene, Chem. Phys. Lett., 1970, 5, 609. [all data]

Peatman, Borne, et al., 1969
Peatman, W.B.; Borne, T.B.; Schlag, E.W., Photoionization resonance spectra. I. Nitric oxide and benzene, Chem. Phys. Lett., 1969, 3, 492. [all data]

Dewar and Worley, 1969
Dewar, M.J.S.; Worley, S.D., Photoelectron spectra of molecules. I. Ionization potentials of some organic molecules and their interpretation, J. Chem. Phys., 1969, 50, 654. [all data]

Momigny, Goffart, et al., 1968
Momigny, J.; Goffart, C.; D'Or, L., Photoionization studies by total ionization measurements. I. Benzene and its monohalogeno derivatives, Intern. J. Mass Spectrom. Ion Phys., 1968, 1, 53. [all data]

Bock, Seidl, et al., 1968
Bock, H.; Seidl, H.; Fochler, M., d-Orbitaleffekte in silicium-substituierten π-Elektronensystemen. X. Vertikale Ionisierungsenergien von Alkyl- und Silyl-benzolen, Chem. Ber., 1968, 101, 2815. [all data]

Baker, May, et al., 1968
Baker, A.D.; May, D.P.; Turner, D.W., Molecular photoelectron spectroscopy. Part VII. The vertical ionisation potentials of benzene and some of its monosubstituted and 1,4-disubstituted derivatives, J. Chem. Soc. B, 1968, 22. [all data]

Baker, Brundle, et al., 1968
Baker, A.D.; Brundle, C.R.; Turner, D.W., The interpretation of photoelectron spectra especially those of benzene and water, Int. J. Mass Spectrom. Ion Phys., 1968, 1, 443. [all data]

Clark and Frost, 1967
Clark, I.D.; Frost, D.C., A study of the energy levels in benzene and some fluorobenzenes by photoelectron spectroscopy, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1967, 89, 244. [all data]

Nounou, 1966
Nounou, P., Etude des composes aromatiques par spectrometrie de masse. I. Mesure des potentials d'ionisation et d'apparition par la methode du potential retardateur et interpretation des courbes d'ionisation differentielle, J. Chim. Phys., 1966, 63, 994. [all data]

Brehm, 1966
Brehm, B., Massenspektrometrische Untersuchung der Photoionisation von Molekulen, Z. Naturforsch., 1966, 21a, 196. [all data]

Nicholson, 1965
Nicholson, A.J.C., Photoionization-efficiency curves. II. False and genuine structure, J. Chem. Phys., 1965, 43, 1171. [all data]

Dibeler and Reese, 1964
Dibeler, V.H.; Reese, R.M., Mass spectrometric study of photoionization. I. Apparatus and initial observations on acetylene, acetylene-d2, benzene, and benzene-d6, J. Res. NBS, 1964, 68A, 409. [all data]

Al-Joboury and Turner, 1964
Al-Joboury, M.I.; Turner, D.W., Molecular photoelectron spectroscopy. Part II. A summary of ionization potentials, J. Chem. Soc., 1964, 4434. [all data]

Terenin, 1961
Terenin, A., Charge transfer in organic solids, induced by light, Proc. Chem. Soc., London, 1961, 321. [all data]

El-Sayed, Kaaba, et al., 1961
El-Sayed, M.F.A.; Kaaba, M.; Tanaka, Y., Ionization potentials of benzene, hexadeuterobenzene, and pyridine from their observed Rydberg series in the region 600-2000 A, J. Chem. Phys., 1961, 34, 334. [all data]

Wilkinson, 1956
Wilkinson, P.G., Absorption spectra and ionization potentials of benzene and benzene-d6, J. Chem. Phys., 1956, 24, 917. [all data]

Watanabe, 1954
Watanabe, K., Photoionization and total absorption cross section of gases. I. Ionization potentials of several molecules. Cross sections of NH3 and NO, J. Chem. Phys., 1954, 22, 1564. [all data]

Hustrulid, Kusch, et al., 1938
Hustrulid, A.; Kusch, P.; Tate, J.T., The dissociation of benzene (C6H6), pyridine (C5H5N) and cyclohexane (C6H12) by electron impact, Phys. Rev., 1938, 54, 1037. [all data]

Price and Wood, 1935
Price, W.C.; Wood, R.W., The far ultraviolet absorption spectra and ionization potentials of C6H6 and C6D6, J. Chem. Phys., 1935, 3, 439. [all data]

Howell, Goncalves, et al., 1984
Howell, J.O.; Goncalves, J.M.; Amatore, C.; Klasinc, L.; Wightman, R.M.; Kochi, J.K., Electron transfer from aromatic hydrocarbons and their π-complexes with metals. Comparison of the standard oxidation potentials and vertical ionization potentials, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1984, 106, 3968. [all data]

Kovac, Mohraz, et al., 1980
Kovac, B.; Mohraz, M.; Heilbronner, E.; Boekelheide, V.; Hopf, H., Photoelectron spectra of the cyclophanes, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1980, 102, 4314. [all data]

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Sell and Kupperman, 1978
Sell, J.A.; Kupperman, A., Angular distributions in the photoelectron spectra of benzene and its monohalogenated derivatives, Chem. Phys., 1978, 33, 367. [all data]

Kobayashi, 1978
Kobayashi, T., A simple general tendency in photoelectron angular distributions of some monosubstituted benzenes, Phys. Lett., 1978, 69, 105. [all data]

Klasinc, Novak, et al., 1978
Klasinc, L.; Novak, I.; Scholz, M.; Kluge, G., Photoelektronenspektren substituierter Pyridine und Benzole und ihre Interpretation durch die CNDO/SWW-Methode, Croat. Chem. Acta, 1978, 51, 43. [all data]

Schmidt, 1977
Schmidt, W., Photoelectron spectra of polynuclear aromatics. V. Correlations with ultraviolet absorption spectra in the catacondensed series, J. Chem. Phys., 1977, 66, 828. [all data]

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Gower, M.; Kane-Maguire, L.A.P.; Maier, J.P.; Sweigart, D.A., Ultraviolet photoelectron spectra of cyclohepta-1,3,5-triene and mesitylene tricarbonyl complexes of the group 6A metals, J. Chem. Soc. Dalton Trans., 1977, 316. [all data]

Bock, Kaim, et al., 1977
Bock, H.; Kaim, W.; Rohwer, H.E., Radical ions XI*. One-electron oxidation of alkylsilyl benzenes in the gas phase and in solution, J. Organomet. Chem., 1977, 135, 14. [all data]

Clar and Schmidt, 1976
Clar, E.; Schmidt, W., Correlations between photoelectron and phosphorescence spectra of polycyclic hydrocarbons, Tetrahedron, 1976, 32, 2563. [all data]

Kobayashi and Nagakura, 1975
Kobayashi, T.; Nagakura, S., Angular distribution for the photoelectron spectra of benzene and hexafluorobenzene, J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom., 1975, 7, 187. [all data]

Bischof, Dewar, et al., 1974
Bischof, P.K.; Dewar, M.J.S.; Goodman, D.W.; Jones, T.B., Photoelectron spectra of molecules. VI. Hyperconjugation versus pπ-dπ bonding in group IVb compounds, J. Organomet. Chem., 1974, 82, 89. [all data]

Schafer and Schweig, 1972
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Klessinger, 1972
Klessinger, M., Ionization potentials of substituted benzenes, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl., 1972, 11, 525. [all data]

Bock, Wagner, et al., 1972
Bock, H.; Wagner, G.; Kroner, J., Photoelektronenspektren und molekuleigenschaften, XIV. Die delokalisation des schwefel-elektronenpaar in CH3S-substituierten aromaten, Chem. Ber., 1972, 105, 3850. [all data]

Carlson and Anderson, 1971
Carlson, T.A.; Anderson, C.P., Angular distribution of the photoelectron spectrum for benzene, Chem. Phys. Lett., 1971, 10, 561. [all data]

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Bock, H.; Fuss, W., Arguments concerning the orbital sequence in borazin, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl., 1971, 10, 182. [all data]

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Gleiter, R.; Heilbronner, E.; Hornung, V., Lone pair interaction in pyridazine, pyrimidine, and pyrazine, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl., 1970, 9, 901. [all data]

Olmsted, Street, et al., 1964
Olmsted, J., III; Street, K., Jr.; Newton, A.S., Excess-kinetic-energy ions in organic mass spectra, J. Chem. Phys., 1964, 40, 2114. [all data]

Lifshitz and Reuben, 1969
Lifshitz, C.; Reuben, B.G., Ion-molecule reactions in aromatic systems. I. Secondary ions and reaction rates in benzene, J. Chem. Phys., 1969, 50, 951. [all data]

Natalis and Franklin, 1965
Natalis, P.; Franklin, J.L., Ionization and dissociation of diphenyl and condensed ring aromatics by electron impact. I. Biphenyl, diphenylacetylene, and phenanthrene, J. Phys. Chem., 1965, 69, 2935. [all data]

Kuhlewind, Kiermeier, et al., 1986
Kuhlewind, H.; Kiermeier, A.; Neusser, H.J., Multiphoton ionization in a reflectron time-of-flight mass spectrometer: Individual rates of competing dissociation channels in energy-selected benzene cations [Data derived from reported threshold energies taking value of 9.244 eV for IE[Benzene]], J. Chem. Phys., 1986, 85, 4427. [all data]

Eland, Frey, et al., 1976
Eland, J.H.D.; Frey, R.; Schulte, H.; Brehm, B., New results on the fragmentation of the benzene ion, Int. J. Mass Spectrom. Ion Phys., 1976, 21, 209. [all data]

Rosenstock, Larkins, et al., 1973
Rosenstock, H.M.; Larkins, J.T.; Walker, J.A., Interpretation of photoionization thresholds: Quasiequilibrium theory and the fragmentation of benzene, Int. J. Mass Spectrom. Ion Phys., 1973, 11, 309. [all data]

Rosenstock, McCulloh, et al., 1977
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Notes

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