Formic acid
- Formula: CH2O2
- Molecular weight: 46.0254
- IUPAC Standard InChIKey: BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N
- CAS Registry Number: 64-18-6
- Chemical structure:
This structure is also available as a 2d Mol file or as a computed 3d SD file
The 3d structure may be viewed using Java or Javascript. - Other names: Methanoic acid; Aminic acid; Bilorin; Collo-Bueglatt; Collo-Didax; Formisoton; Formylic acid; Hydrogen carboxylic acid; Myrmicyl; HCOOH; Acide formique; Acido formico; Ameisensaeure; Kwas metaniowy; Kyselina mravenci; Mierenzuur; Rcra waste number U123; UN 1779; Formira; Add-F; Amasil
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Gas phase ion energetics data
Go To: Top, Ion clustering data, IR Spectrum, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), Vibrational and/or electronic energy levels, Gas Chromatography, References, Notes
Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Data evaluated as indicated in comments:
HL - Edward P. Hunter and Sharon G. Lias
L - Sharon G. Lias
Data compiled as indicated in comments:
B - John E. Bartmess
LBLHLM - Sharon G. Lias, John E. Bartmess, Joel F. Liebman, John L. Holmes, Rhoda D. Levin, and W. Gary Mallard
LLK - Sharon G. Lias, Rhoda D. Levin, and Sherif A. Kafafi
RDSH - Henry M. Rosenstock, Keith Draxl, Bruce W. Steiner, and John T. Herron
LL - Sharon G. Lias and Joel F. Liebman
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
IE (evaluated) | 11.33 ± 0.01 | eV | N/A | N/A | L |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
Proton affinity (review) | 742.0 | kJ/mol | N/A | Hunter and Lias, 1998 | HL |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
Gas basicity | 710.3 | kJ/mol | N/A | Hunter and Lias, 1998 | HL |
Ionization energy determinations
IE (eV) | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|
11.31 | PI | Traeger, 1985 | LBLHLM |
11.329 ± 0.002 | S | Bell, Ng, et al., 1975 | LLK |
11.16 ± 0.03 | PI | Warneck, 1974 | LLK |
11.314 ± 0.002 | PI | Knowles and Nicholson, 1974 | LLK |
11.3 | PE | Watanabe, Yokoyama, et al., 1973 | LLK |
11.33 | PE | Watanabe, Yokoyama, et al., 1973, 2 | LLK |
11.35 ± 0.03 | PE | Thomas, 1972 | LLK |
11.16 ± 0.03 | PI | Matthews and Warneck, 1969 | RDSH |
11.33 | PE | Brundle, Turner, et al., 1969 | RDSH |
11.05 ± 0.03 | PI | Vilesov, 1960 | RDSH |
11.05 ± 0.01 | PI | Watanabe, 1957 | RDSH |
11.33 | S | Price and Evans, 1937 | RDSH |
11.5 | PE | Von Niessen, Bieri, et al., 1980 | Vertical value; LLK |
11.34 | PE | Benoit and Harrison, 1977 | Vertical value; LLK |
10.7 | PE | Rao, 1975 | Vertical value; LLK |
11.51 | PE | Kimura, Katsumata, et al., 1975 | Vertical value; LLK |
Appearance energy determinations
Ion | AE (eV) | Other Products | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
C+ | 22.7 ± 0.5 | O+H2O | EI | Stepanov, Perov, et al., 1988 | LL |
CHO+ | 12.76 | OH | PI | Traeger, 1985 | LBLHLM |
CHO+ | 13.0 ± 0.1 | OH | PI | Golovin, Akopyan, et al., 1979 | LLK |
CHO+ | 12.79 ± 0.03 | OH | PI | Warneck, 1974 | LLK |
CHO+ | 12.79 ± 0.03 | OH | PI | Matthews and Warneck, 1969 | RDSH |
CHO2+ | 12.4 ± 0.1 | H | PI | Golovin, Akopyan, et al., 1979 | LLK |
CHO2+ | 12.26 | H | PI | Akopyan and Villem, 1976 | LLK |
CHO2+ | 12.29 ± 0.03 | H | PI | Warneck, 1974 | LLK |
HO+ | 17.97 ± 0.06 | HCO | PI | Warneck, 1974 | LLK |
O+ | 20.0 ± 0.5 | CO+H2 | EI | Stepanov, Perov, et al., 1988 | LL |
De-protonation reactions
By formula: CHO2- + H+ = CH2O2
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 1449. ± 5.0 | kJ/mol | D-EA | Kim, Bradforth, et al., 1995 | gas phase; dHacid(0K) = 344.67±0.62 kcal/mol; B |
ΔrH° | 1445. ± 9.2 | kJ/mol | G+TS | Caldwell, Renneboog, et al., 1989 | gas phase; B |
ΔrH° | 1445. ± 9.2 | kJ/mol | G+TS | Fujio, McIver, et al., 1981 | gas phase; value altered from reference due to change in acidity scale; B |
ΔrH° | 1444. ± 12. | kJ/mol | G+TS | Cumming and Kebarle, 1978 | gas phase; B |
ΔrH° | 1423. ± 19. | kJ/mol | EIAE | Muftakhov, Vasil'ev, et al., 1999 | gas phase; B |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
ΔrG° | 1419. ± 6.3 | kJ/mol | H-TS | Kim, Bradforth, et al., 1995 | gas phase; dHacid(0K) = 344.67±0.62 kcal/mol; B |
ΔrG° | 1415. ± 8.4 | kJ/mol | IMRE | Caldwell, Renneboog, et al., 1989 | gas phase; B |
ΔrG° | 1416. ± 8.4 | kJ/mol | IMRE | Fujio, McIver, et al., 1981 | gas phase; value altered from reference due to change in acidity scale; B |
ΔrG° | 1415. ± 8.4 | kJ/mol | IMRE | Cumming and Kebarle, 1978 | gas phase; B |
Ion clustering data
Go To: Top, Gas phase ion energetics data, IR Spectrum, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), Vibrational and/or electronic energy levels, Gas Chromatography, References, Notes
Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Data compiled as indicated in comments:
B - John E. Bartmess
M - Michael M. Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Sharon G. Lias
Note: Please consider using the reaction search for this species. This page allows searching of all reactions involving this species. Searches may be limited to ion clustering reactions. A general reaction search form is also available.
Clustering reactions
+
= CH2BrO2-
By formula: Br- + CH2O2 = CH2BrO2-
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 72.0 ± 7.1 | kJ/mol | CIDT | Walker and Sunderlin, 1999 | gas phase; B |
By formula: CHO2- + CH2O2 = (CHO2- • CH2O2)
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 154. ± 4.2 | kJ/mol | N/A | Meot-Ner and Sieck, 1986 | gas phase; B,M |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
ΔrS° | 164. | J/mol*K | PHPMS | Meot-Ner and Sieck, 1986 | gas phase; large ΔrH, ΔrS,; cyclic structure? pyrolysis?; M |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
ΔrG° | 105. ± 6.7 | kJ/mol | TDAs | Meot-Ner and Sieck, 1986 | gas phase; B |
By formula: (CHO2- • CH2O2) + CH2O2 = (CHO2- • 2CH2O2)
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 109. ± 13. | kJ/mol | N/A | Luczynski, Wlodek, et al., 1978 | gas phase; Buffer gas H2. There may be appreciable fractionation of neutral gases: Williamson, Knighton, et al., 1996; B,M |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
ΔrS° | 140. | J/mol*K | HPMS | Luczynski, Wlodek, et al., 1978 | gas phase; M |
By formula: (CHO2- • 2CH2O2) + CH2O2 = (CHO2- • 3CH2O2)
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 84. ± 11. | kJ/mol | N/A | Luczynski, Wlodek, et al., 1978 | gas phase; Buffer gas H2. There may be appreciable fractionation of neutral gases: Williamson, Knighton, et al., 1996; B,M |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
ΔrS° | 130. | J/mol*K | HPMS | Luczynski, Wlodek, et al., 1978 | gas phase; M |
By formula: (CHO2- • 3CH2O2) + CH2O2 = (CHO2- • 4CH2O2)
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 59.4 ± 8.8 | kJ/mol | N/A | Luczynski, Wlodek, et al., 1978 | gas phase; Buffer gas H2. There may be appreciable fractionation of neutral gases: Williamson, Knighton, et al., 1996; B,M |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
ΔrS° | 90.0 | J/mol*K | HPMS | Luczynski, Wlodek, et al., 1978 | gas phase; M |
By formula: (CHO2- • 4CH2O2) + CH2O2 = (CHO2- • 5CH2O2)
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 42.3 ± 8.4 | kJ/mol | N/A | Luczynski, Wlodek, et al., 1978 | gas phase; Buffer gas H2. There may be appreciable fractionation of neutral gases: Williamson, Knighton, et al., 1996; B,M |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
ΔrS° | 50. | J/mol*K | HPMS | Luczynski, Wlodek, et al., 1978 | gas phase; Entropy change is questionable; M |
By formula: CH2BrO2- + 2CH2O2 = C2H4BrO4-
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 40. ± 7.1 | kJ/mol | CIDT | Walker and Sunderlin, 1999 | gas phase; B |
By formula: CH2IO2- + 2CH2O2 = C2H4IO4-
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 41.8 ± 8.8 | kJ/mol | CIDT | Walker and Sunderlin, 1999 | gas phase; B |
By formula: CH2NO5- + H2O + CH2O2 = CH4NO6-
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrG° | 18.4 ± 0.84 | kJ/mol | IMRE | Viidanoja, Reiner, et al., 2000 | gas phase; B |
By formula: CH5O+ + CH2O2 = (CH5O+ • CH2O2)
Bond type: Hydrogen bonds of the type OH-O between organics
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 134. | kJ/mol | ICR | Larson and McMahon, 1982 | gas phase; switching reaction((CH3)2OH+)(CH3)2O, Entropy change calculated or estimated; Grimsrud and Kebarle, 1973, Lias, Liebman, et al., 1984, Keesee and Castleman, 1986; M |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
ΔrS° | 116. | J/mol*K | N/A | Larson and McMahon, 1982 | gas phase; switching reaction((CH3)2OH+)(CH3)2O, Entropy change calculated or estimated; Grimsrud and Kebarle, 1973, Lias, Liebman, et al., 1984, Keesee and Castleman, 1986; M |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
ΔrG° | 99.6 | kJ/mol | ICR | Larson and McMahon, 1982 | gas phase; switching reaction((CH3)2OH+)(CH3)2O, Entropy change calculated or estimated; Grimsrud and Kebarle, 1973, Lias, Liebman, et al., 1984, Keesee and Castleman, 1986; M |
By formula: CH6N+ + CH2O2 = (CH6N+ • CH2O2)
Bond type: Hydrogen bonds of the type NH+-O between organics
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 79.5 | kJ/mol | PHPMS | Meot-Ner, 1984 | gas phase; M |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
ΔrS° | 101. | J/mol*K | PHPMS | Meot-Ner, 1984 | gas phase; M |
By formula: Cl- + CH2O2 = (Cl- • CH2O2)
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 115. ± 8.4 | kJ/mol | TDAs | French, Ikuta, et al., 1982 | gas phase; B,M |
ΔrH° | 116. ± 8.8 | kJ/mol | CIDT | Walker and Sunderlin, 1999 | gas phase; B |
ΔrH° | 107. ± 8.4 | kJ/mol | IMRE | Larson and McMahon, 1984 | gas phase; B,M |
ΔrH° | 156. ± 8.4 | kJ/mol | TDAs | Yamdagni and Kebarle, 1971 | gas phase; In serious disagreement with other's values. Source of error not obvious.; B,M |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
ΔrS° | 103. | J/mol*K | PHPMS | French, Ikuta, et al., 1982 | gas phase; M |
ΔrS° | 101. | J/mol*K | N/A | Larson and McMahon, 1984, 2 | gas phase; switching reaction(Cl-)t-C4H9OH, Entropy change calculated or estimated; French, Ikuta, et al., 1982; M |
ΔrS° | 166. | J/mol*K | PHPMS | Yamdagni and Kebarle, 1971 | gas phase; M |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
ΔrG° | 84.1 ± 8.4 | kJ/mol | TDAs | French, Ikuta, et al., 1982 | gas phase; B |
ΔrG° | 77.0 ± 8.4 | kJ/mol | IMRE | Larson and McMahon, 1984 | gas phase; B,M |
ΔrG° | 106. ± 8.4 | kJ/mol | TDAs | Yamdagni and Kebarle, 1971 | gas phase; In serious disagreement with other's values. Source of error not obvious.; B |
By formula: (Cl- • CH2O2) + CH2O2 = (Cl- • 2CH2O2)
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 46.9 ± 8.8 | kJ/mol | CIDT | Walker and Sunderlin, 1999 | gas phase; B |
ΔrH° | 143. ± 13. | kJ/mol | N/A | Luczynski, Wlodek, et al., 1978 | gas phase; Buffer gas: H2. Value too bound based on French, Ikuta, et al., 1982, by Grimsrud fractionation factor ( Williamson, Knighton, et al., 1996).; B,M |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
ΔrS° | 230. | J/mol*K | HPMS | Luczynski, Wlodek, et al., 1978 | gas phase; Entropy change is questionable; M |
By formula: (Cl- • 2CH2O2) + CH2O2 = (Cl- • 3CH2O2)
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 93. ± 11. | kJ/mol | N/A | Luczynski, Wlodek, et al., 1978 | gas phase; Buffer gas: H2. Value too bound based on French, Ikuta, et al., 1982, by Grimsrud fractionation factor ( Williamson, Knighton, et al., 1996).; B,M |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
ΔrS° | 150. | J/mol*K | HPMS | Luczynski, Wlodek, et al., 1978 | gas phase; Entropy change is questionable; M |
By formula: (Cl- • 3CH2O2) + CH2O2 = (Cl- • 4CH2O2)
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 59.0 ± 9.2 | kJ/mol | N/A | Luczynski, Wlodek, et al., 1978 | gas phase; Buffer gas: H2. Value too bound based on French, Ikuta, et al., 1982, by Grimsrud fractionation factor ( Williamson, Knighton, et al., 1996).; B,M |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
ΔrS° | 84. | J/mol*K | HPMS | Luczynski, Wlodek, et al., 1978 | gas phase; M |
By formula: (Cl- • 4CH2O2) + CH2O2 = (Cl- • 5CH2O2)
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 42.3 ± 8.4 | kJ/mol | N/A | Luczynski, Wlodek, et al., 1978 | gas phase; Buffer gas: H2. Value too bound based on French, Ikuta, et al., 1982, by Grimsrud fractionation factor ( Williamson, Knighton, et al., 1996).; B,M |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
ΔrS° | 48.1 | J/mol*K | HPMS | Luczynski, Wlodek, et al., 1978 | gas phase; Entropy change is questionable; M |
By formula: F- + CH2O2 = (F- • CH2O2)
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 190. ± 8.4 | kJ/mol | IMRE | Larson and McMahon, 1983 | gas phase; These relative affinities are ca. 10 kcal/mol weaker than threshold values (see Wenthold and Squires, 1995) for donors greater than ca. 27 kcal/mol in free energy. This discrepancy has not yet been resolved, though the stronger value appears preferable.; B,M |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
ΔrS° | 101. | J/mol*K | N/A | Larson and McMahon, 1983 | gas phase; switching reaction(F-)H2O, Entropy change calculated or estimated; Arshadi, Yamdagni, et al., 1970; M |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
ΔrG° | 159. ± 8.4 | kJ/mol | IMRE | Larson and McMahon, 1983 | gas phase; These relative affinities are ca. 10 kcal/mol weaker than threshold values (see Wenthold and Squires, 1995) for donors greater than ca. 27 kcal/mol in free energy. This discrepancy has not yet been resolved, though the stronger value appears preferable.; B,M |
By formula: I- + CH2O2 = (I- • CH2O2)
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 79.1 ± 4.2 | kJ/mol | TDAs | Caldwell and Kebarle, 1984 | gas phase; B,M |
ΔrH° | 54.0 ± 8.8 | kJ/mol | CIDT | Walker and Sunderlin, 1999 | gas phase; Authors suggest real value somewhere between this and Caldwell and Kebarle, 1984; B |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
ΔrS° | 86.6 | J/mol*K | PHPMS | Caldwell and Kebarle, 1984 | gas phase; M |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
ΔrG° | 53.1 ± 4.2 | kJ/mol | TDAs | Caldwell and Kebarle, 1984 | gas phase; B |
+
= CH2NO5-
By formula: NO3- + CH2O2 = CH2NO5-
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrG° | 47.70 ± 0.84 | kJ/mol | IMRE | Viidanoja, Reiner, et al., 1998 | gas phase; B |
IR Spectrum
Go To: Top, Gas phase ion energetics data, Ion clustering data, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), Vibrational and/or electronic energy levels, Gas Chromatography, References, Notes
Data compiled by: Coblentz Society, Inc.
Data compiled by: NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, William E. Wallace, director
Mass spectrum (electron ionization)
Go To: Top, Gas phase ion energetics data, Ion clustering data, IR Spectrum, Vibrational and/or electronic energy levels, Gas Chromatography, References, Notes
Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Data compiled by: NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, William E. Wallace, director
Spectrum
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Additional Data
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Owner | NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center Collection (C) 2014 copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the United States of America. All rights reserved. |
---|---|
NIST MS number | 81 |
Vibrational and/or electronic energy levels
Go To: Top, Gas phase ion energetics data, Ion clustering data, IR Spectrum, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), Gas Chromatography, References, Notes
Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Data compiled by: Takehiko Shimanouchi
Symmetry: Cs Symmetry Number σ = 1
Sym. | No | Approximate | Selected Freq. | Infrared | Raman | Comments | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Species | type of mode | Value | Rating | Value | Phase | Value | Phase | |||
a' | 1 | OH str | 3570 | D | 3570 M | gas | ||||
a' | 2 | CH str | 2943 | C | 2942.8 M | gas | ||||
a' | 3 | C=O str | 1770 | C | 1770 VS | gas | ||||
a' | 4 | CH bend | 1387 | C | 1387 VW | gas | ||||
a' | 5 | OH bend | 1229 | C | 1229 W | gas | ||||
a' | 6 | C-O str | 1105 | C | 1105.3 S | gas | ||||
a' | 7 | OCO deform | 625 | C | 625 M | gas | ||||
a | 8 | CH bend | 1033 | C | 1033 W | gas | ||||
a | 9 | Torsion | 638 | C | 638 S | gas | ||||
Source: Shimanouchi, 1972
Notes
VS | Very strong |
S | Strong |
M | Medium |
W | Weak |
VW | Very weak |
C | 3~6 cm-1 uncertainty |
D | 6~15 cm-1 uncertainty |
Gas Chromatography
Go To: Top, Gas phase ion energetics data, Ion clustering data, IR Spectrum, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), Vibrational and/or electronic energy levels, References, Notes
Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Data compiled by: NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, William E. Wallace, director
Van Den Dool and Kratz RI, non-polar column, temperature ramp
Column type | Active phase | I | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|
Capillary | DB-1 | 543. | Helmig, Pollock, et al., 1996 | 30. m/0.25 mm/1. μm, 6. K/min; Tstart: -50. C; Tend: 180. C |
Van Den Dool and Kratz RI, non-polar column, custom temperature program
Column type | Active phase | I | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|
Capillary | Methyl Silicone | 512. | Peng, Yang, et al., 1991 | Program: not specified |
Packed | SE-30 | 512. | Peng, Ding, et al., 1988 | Supelcoport; Chromosorb; Column length: 3.05 m; Program: 40C(5min) => 10C/min => 200C or 250C (60min) |
Van Den Dool and Kratz RI, polar column, temperature ramp
Column type | Active phase | I | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|
Capillary | DB-Wax | 1510. | Mahajan, Goddik, et al., 2004 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.5 μm, He, 40. C @ 2. min, 5. K/min, 230. C @ 10. min |
Van Den Dool and Kratz RI, polar column, custom temperature program
Column type | Active phase | I | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|
Capillary | Stabilwax | 1528. | Natali N., Chinnici F., et al., 2006 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 40C => 3C/min => 100C => 5C/min => 240C(10min) |
Capillary | DB-Wax | 1543.6 | Yang, Chyau, et al., 1998 | He; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; Program: 50C => 2.5C/min => 150C => 1.5C/min => 210C |
Normal alkane RI, non-polar column, temperature ramp
Column type | Active phase | I | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|
Capillary | HP-1 | 495. | Castel, Fernandez, et al., 2006 | 50. m/0.2 mm/0.33 μm, He, 60. C @ 4. min, 2. K/min, 250. C @ 30. min |
Normal alkane RI, non-polar column, custom temperature program
Column type | Active phase | I | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|
Capillary | Methyl Silicone | 490. | Zenkevich, Korolenko, et al., 1995 | Program: not specified |
Normal alkane RI, polar column, temperature ramp
Column type | Active phase | I | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|
Capillary | DB-Wax | 1470. | Guo, Wu, et al., 2008 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium, 60. C @ 2. min, 10. K/min, 250. C @ 10. min |
Capillary | DB-Wax | 1470. | Guo, Wu, et al., 2008 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium, 60. C @ 2. min, 10. K/min, 250. C @ 10. min |
Capillary | DB-Wax | 1470. | Guo, Wu, et al., 2008 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium, 60. C @ 2. min, 10. K/min, 250. C @ 10. min |
Capillary | RTX-Wax | 1485. | Prososki, Etzel, et al., 2007 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.5 μm, He, 40. C @ 5. min, 10. K/min, 220. C @ 10. min |
Capillary | Supelcowax-10 | 1521. | Vichi, Castellote, et al., 2003 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 40. C @ 10. min, 3. K/min; Tend: 200. C |
Capillary | DB-Wax | 1492. | Sekiwa, Kubota, et al., 1997 | He, 2. K/min; Column length: 60. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; Tstart: 60. C; Tend: 180. C |
Capillary | DB-Wax | 1499. | Umano, Hagi, et al., 1995 | He, 40. C @ 2. min, 2. K/min; Column length: 60. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; Tend: 200. C |
Capillary | FFAP | 1505. | Vernin, Metzger, et al., 1988 | He, 60. C @ 5. min, 2. K/min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.28 mm; Tend: 240. C |
Normal alkane RI, polar column, custom temperature program
Column type | Active phase | I | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|
Capillary | DB-Wax | 1501. | Gonzalez-Rios, Suarez-Quiroz, et al., 2007 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Hydrogen; Program: 44 0C 3 0C/min -> 170 0C 8 0C/min -> 250 0C |
Capillary | CP-Wax 52CB | 1532. | Muresan, Eillebrecht, et al., 2000 | 50. m/0.32 mm/1.2 μm; Program: 40C(10min) => 3C/min => 190C => 10C/min => 250C(5min) |
Capillary | Polyethylene Glycol | 1533. | Zenkevich, Korolenko, et al., 1995 | Program: not specified |
References
Go To: Top, Gas phase ion energetics data, Ion clustering data, IR Spectrum, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), Vibrational and/or electronic energy levels, Gas Chromatography, Notes
Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Hunter and Lias, 1998
Hunter, E.P.; Lias, S.G.,
Evaluated Gas Phase Basicities and Proton Affinities of Molecules: An Update,
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Traeger, 1985
Traeger, J.C.,
Heat of formation for the formyl cation by photoionization mass spectrometry,
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Bell, Ng, et al., 1975
Bell, S.; Ng, T.L.; Walsh, A.D.,
Vacuum ultraviolet spectra of formic and acetic acids,
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Warneck, 1974
Warneck, P.,
Heat of formation of the HCO radical,
Z. Naturforsch. A:, 1974, 29, 350. [all data]
Knowles and Nicholson, 1974
Knowles, D.J.; Nicholson, A.J.C.,
Ionization energies of formic and acetic acid monomers,
J. Chem. Phys., 1974, 60, 1180. [all data]
Watanabe, Yokoyama, et al., 1973
Watanabe, I.; Yokoyama, Y.; Ikeda, S.,
Vibrational structures in the photoelectron spectrum of formic acid,
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Watanabe, Yokoyama, et al., 1973, 2
Watanabe, I.; Yokoyama, Y.; Ikeda, S.,
Lone pair ionization potentials of carboxylic acids determined by He(I) photoelectron spectroscopy,
Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn., 1973, 46, 1959. [all data]
Thomas, 1972
Thomas, R.K.,
Photoelectron spectroscopy of hydrogen-bonded systems: spectra of monomers, dimers and mixed complexes of carboxylic acides,
Proc. R. Soc. London A:, 1972, 331, 249. [all data]
Matthews and Warneck, 1969
Matthews, C.S.; Warneck, P.,
Heats of formation of CHO+ and C3H3+ by photoionization,
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Brundle, Turner, et al., 1969
Brundle, C.R.; Turner, D.W.; Robin, M.B.; Basch, H.,
Photoelectron spectroscopy of simple amides and carboxylic acids,
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Vilesov, 1960
Vilesov, F.I.,
The photoionization of vapors of compounds whose molecules contain carbonyl groups,
Dokl. Phys. Chem., 1960, 132, 521, In original 1332. [all data]
Watanabe, 1957
Watanabe, K.,
Ionization potentials of some molecules,
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Price and Evans, 1937
Price, W.C.; Evans, W.M.,
The absorption spectrum of formic acid in the vacuum ultra-violet,
Proc. Roy. Soc. (London), 1937, A162, 110. [all data]
Von Niessen, Bieri, et al., 1980
Von Niessen, W.; Bieri, G.; Asbrink, L.,
30.4 nm He(II) photoelectron spectra of organic molecules. Part III. Oxo-compounds (C,H,O),
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Benoit and Harrison, 1977
Benoit, F.M.; Harrison, A.G.,
Predictive value of proton affinity. Ionization energy correlations involving oxygenated molecules,
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Rao, 1975
Rao, C.N.R.,
Lone-pair ionization bands of chromophores in the photoelectron spectra of organic molecules,
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Kimura, Katsumata, et al., 1975
Kimura, K.; Katsumata, S.; Yamazaki, T.; Wakabayashi, H.,
UV photoelectron spectra and sum rule consideration; out-of-plane orbitals of unsaturated compounds with planar-skeleton structure,
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Stepanov, Perov, et al., 1988
Stepanov, A.N.; Perov, A.A.; Kabanov, S.P.; Simonov, A.P.,
Formation of long-lived, highly excited atoms during dissociative excitation of CH3CN, CH3CH2OH, CH3COOH, HCOOH, and C4H4S molecules on electron impact,
Russ. J. Phys. Chem., 1988, 22, 81. [all data]
Golovin, Akopyan, et al., 1979
Golovin, A.V.; Akopyan, M.E.; Vilesov, F.I.; Sergeev, Y.L.,
Ion-electron coincidence study of the photoionization of formic and acetic acids,
Khim. Vys. Energ., 1979, 13, 200. [all data]
Akopyan and Villem, 1976
Akopyan, M.E.; Villem, Ya.Ya.,
Ion-molecule reactions in the photoionization of formic and acetic acid vapors,
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Kim, Bradforth, et al., 1995
Kim, E.H.; Bradforth, S.E.; Arnold, D.W.; Metz, R.B.; Neumark, D.M.,
Study of HCO2 and DCO2 by Negative Ion Photoelectron Spectroscopy,
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Gas Phase Acidities of Aliphatic Carboxylic Acids, Based on Measurements of Proton Transfer Equilibria,
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Fujio, McIver, et al., 1981
Fujio, M.; McIver, R.T., Jr.; Taft, R.W.,
Effects on the acidities of phenols from specific substituent-solvent interactions. Inherent substituent parameters from gas phase acidities,
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Cumming and Kebarle, 1978
Cumming, J.B.; Kebarle, P.,
Summary of gas phase measurements involving acids AH. Entropy changes in proton transfer reactions involving negative ions. Bond dissociation energies D(A-H) and electron affinities EA(A),
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Muftakhov, Vasil'ev, et al., 1999
Muftakhov, M.V.; Vasil'ev, Y.V.; Mazunov, V.A.,
Determination of electron affinity of carbonyl radicals by means of negative ion mass spectrometry,
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Walker and Sunderlin, 1999
Walker, B.W.; Sunderlin, L.S.,
The thermochemistry of formic acid halide anion clusters,
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Meot-Ner and Sieck, 1986
Meot-Ner, M.; Sieck, L.W.,
The ionic hydrogen bond and ion solvation. 5. OH...O- bonds. Gas phase solvation and clustering of alkoxide and carboxylate anions,
J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1986, 108, 7525. [all data]
Luczynski, Wlodek, et al., 1978
Luczynski, Z.; Wlodek, S.; Wincel, H.,
Stabilities of HCOO-.(HCOOH)n and Cl-.(HCOOH)n clusters,
Int. J. Mass Spectrom. Ion Phys., 1978, 26, 103. [all data]
Williamson, Knighton, et al., 1996
Williamson, D.H.; Knighton, W.B.; Grimsrud, E.P.,
Pulsed High Pressure Mass Spectrometry with Near-Viscous Flow Ion Sampling,
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Viidanoja, Reiner, et al., 2000
Viidanoja, J.; Reiner, T.; Kiendler, A.; Grimm, F.; Arnold, F.,
Laboratory investigations of negative ion molecule reactions of propionic, butyric, glyoxylic, pyruvic, and pinonic acids,
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Larson and McMahon, 1982
Larson, J.W.; McMahon, T.B.,
Formation, Thermochemistry, and Relative Stabilities of Proton - Bound dimers of Oxygen n - Donor Bases from Ion Cyclotron Resonance Solvent - Exchange Equilibria Measurements,
J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1982, 104, 23, 6255, https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00387a016
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Grimsrud and Kebarle, 1973
Grimsrud, E.P.; Kebarle, P.,
Gas Phase Ion Equilibria Studies of the Solvation of the Hydrogen Ion by Methanol, Dimethyl Ether and Water. Effect of Hydrogen Bonding,
J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1973, 95, 24, 7939, https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00805a002
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Lias, Liebman, et al., 1984
Lias, S.G.; Liebman, J.F.; Levin, R.D.,
Evaluated gas phase basicities and proton affinities of molecules heats of formation of protonated molecules,
J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 1984, 13, 695. [all data]
Keesee and Castleman, 1986
Keesee, R.G.; Castleman, A.W., Jr.,
Thermochemical data on Ggs-phase ion-molecule association and clustering reactions,
J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 1986, 15, 1011. [all data]
Meot-Ner, 1984
Meot-Ner, (Mautner)M.,
The Ionic Hydrogen Bond and Ion Solvation. 1. -NH+ O-, -NH+ N- and -OH+ O- Bonds. Correlations with Proton Affinity. Deviations Due to Structural Effects,
J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1984, 106, 5, 1257, https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00317a015
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French, Ikuta, et al., 1982
French, M.A.; Ikuta, S.; Kebarle, P.,
Hydrogen bonding of O-H and C-H hydrogen donors to Cl-. Results from mass spectrometric measurement of the ion-molecule equilibria RH + Cl- = RHCl-,
Can. J. Chem., 1982, 60, 1907. [all data]
Larson and McMahon, 1984
Larson, J.W.; McMahon, T.B.,
Hydrogen bonding in gas phase anions. An experimental investigation of the interaction between chloride ion and bronsted acids from ICR chloride exchange equilibria,
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Yamdagni and Kebarle, 1971
Yamdagni, R.; Kebarle, P.,
Hydrogen bonding energies to negative ions from gas phase measurements of ionic equilibria,
J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1971, 93, 7139. [all data]
Larson and McMahon, 1984, 2
Larson, J.W.; McMahon, T.B.,
Gas phase negative ion chemistry of alkylchloroformates,
Can. J. Chem., 1984, 62, 675. [all data]
Larson and McMahon, 1983
Larson, J.W.; McMahon, T.B.,
Strong hydrogen bonding in gas-phase anions. An ion cyclotron resonance determination of fluoride binding energetics to bronsted acids from gas-phase fluoride exchange equilibria measurements,
J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1983, 105, 2944. [all data]
Wenthold and Squires, 1995
Wenthold, P.G.; Squires, R.R.,
Bond dissociation energies of F2(-) and HF2(-). A gas-phase experimental and G2 theoretical study,
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Arshadi, Yamdagni, et al., 1970
Arshadi, M.; Yamdagni, R.; Kebarle, P.,
Hydration of Halide Negative Ions in the Gas Phase. II. Comparison of Hydration Energies for the Alkali Positive and Halide Negative Ions,
J. Phys. Chem., 1970, 74, 7, 1475, https://doi.org/10.1021/j100702a014
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Caldwell and Kebarle, 1984
Caldwell, G.; Kebarle, P.,
Binding energies and structural effects in halide anion-ROH and -RCOOH complexes from gas phase equilibria measurements,
J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1984, 106, 967. [all data]
Viidanoja, Reiner, et al., 1998
Viidanoja, J.; Reiner, T.; Arnold, F.,
Laboratory Investigations of Negative Ion-Molecule Reactions of Formic and Acetic Acid.,
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Shimanouchi, 1972
Shimanouchi, T.,
Tables of Molecular Vibrational Frequencies Consolidated Volume I, National Bureau of Standards, 1972, 1-160. [all data]
Helmig, Pollock, et al., 1996
Helmig, D.; Pollock, W.; Greenberg, J.; Zimmerman, P.,
Gas chromatography mass spectrometry analysis of volatile organic trace gases at Mauna Loa Observatory, Hawaii,
J. Geophys. Res., 1996, 101, D9, 14697-14710, https://doi.org/10.1029/96JD00212
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Peng, Yang, et al., 1991
Peng, C.T.; Yang, Z.C.; Maltby, D.,
Prediction of retention indexes. III. Silylated derivatives of polar compounds,
J. Chromatogr., 1991, 586, 1, 113-129, https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9673(91)80029-G
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Peng, Ding, et al., 1988
Peng, C.T.; Ding, S.F.; Hua, R.L.; Yang, Z.C.,
Prediction of Retention Indexes I. Structure-Retention Index Relationship on Apolar Columns,
J. Chromatogr., 1988, 436, 137-172, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(00)94575-8
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Mahajan, Goddik, et al., 2004
Mahajan, S.S.; Goddik, L.; Qian, M.C.,
Aroma Compounds in Sweet Whey Powder,
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Natali N., Chinnici F., et al., 2006
Natali N.; Chinnici F.; Riponi C.,
Characterization of volatiles in extracts from oak chips obtained by accelerated solvent extraction (ASE),
J. Agric. Food Chem., 2006, 54, 21, 8190-8198, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf0614387
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Yang, Chyau, et al., 1998
Yang, M.-S.; Chyau, C.-C.; Horng, D.-T.; Yang, J.-S.,
Effects of Irradiation and Drying on Volatile Components of Fresh Shiitake edodes (Lentinus Sing),
J. Sci. Food Agric., 1998, 76, 1, 72-76, https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1097-0010(199801)76:1<72::AID-JSFA921>3.0.CO;2-0
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Castel, Fernandez, et al., 2006
Castel, C.; Fernandez, X.; Lizzani-Cuvelier, L.; Loiseau, A.-M.; Perichet, C.; Delbecque, C.; Arnaudo, J.-F.,
Volatile constituents of benzoin gums: Siam and Sumatra, part 2. Study of headspace sampling methods,
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Zenkevich, Korolenko, et al., 1995
Zenkevich, I.G.; Korolenko, L.I.; Khralenkova, N.B.,
Desorption with solvent vapor as a method of sample preparation in the sorption preconcentration of organic-compounds from the air of a working area and from industrial-waste gases,
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Guo, Wu, et al., 2008
Guo, L.; Wu, J.-Z.; Han, T.; Cao, T.; Rahman, K.; Qin, L.-P.,
Chemical composition, antifungal and antitumor properties of ether extracts of Scapania verrucosa Heeg. and its endophytic fungus Chaetomium fusiforme,
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Prososki, Etzel, et al., 2007
Prososki, R.A.; Etzel, M.R.; Rankin, S.A.,
Solvent type affects the number, distribution, and relative quantities of volatile compounds found in sweet whey powder,
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Vichi, Castellote, et al., 2003
Vichi, S.; Castellote, A.I.; Pizzale, L.; Conte, L.S.; Buxaderas, S.; López-Tamames, E.,
Analysis of virgin olive oil volatile compounds by headspace solid-phase microextraction coupled to gas chromatography with mass spectrometric and flame ionization detection,
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Sekiwa, Kubota, et al., 1997
Sekiwa, Y.; Kubota, K.; Kobayashi, A.,
Characteristic flavor components in the brew of cooked clam (Meretrix lusoria) and the effect of storage on flavor formation,
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Umano, Hagi, et al., 1995
Umano, K.; Hagi, Y.; Nakahara, K.; Shyoji, A.; Shibamoto, T.,
Volatile chemicals formed in the headspace of a heated D-glucose/L-cysteine Maillard model system,
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Vernin, Metzger, et al., 1988
Vernin, G.; Metzger, J.; Obretenov, T.; Suon, K.-N.; Fraisse, D.,
GC/MS (EI,PCI,SIM)-data bank analysis of volatile compounds arising from thermal degradation of glucose-valine amadori intermediates
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Gonzalez-Rios, Suarez-Quiroz, et al., 2007
Gonzalez-Rios, O.; Suarez-Quiroz, M.L.; Boulanger, R.; Barel, M.; Guyot, B.; Guiraud, J.-P.; Schorr-Galindo, S.,
Impact of ecological post-harvest processing of coffee aroma: II Roasted coffee.,
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Muresan, Eillebrecht, et al., 2000
Muresan, S.; Eillebrecht, M.A.J.L.; de Rijk, T.C.; de Jonge, H.G.; Leguijt, T.; Nijhuis, H.H.,
Aroma profile development of intermediate chocolate products. I. Volatile constituents of block-milk,
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Notes
Go To: Top, Gas phase ion energetics data, Ion clustering data, IR Spectrum, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), Vibrational and/or electronic energy levels, Gas Chromatography, References
- Symbols used in this document:
AE Appearance energy IE (evaluated) Recommended ionization energy ΔrG° Free energy of reaction at standard conditions ΔrH° Enthalpy of reaction at standard conditions ΔrS° Entropy of reaction at standard conditions - Data from NIST Standard Reference Database 69: NIST Chemistry WebBook
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