Hydrogen sulfide

• Formula: H₂S
• Molecular weight: 34.081
• IUPAC Standard InChI: InChI=1S/H2S/h1H2 Copy

  
• IUPAC Standard InChIKey: RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copy
• CAS Registry Number: 7783-06-4
• Chemical structure:
  This structure is also available as a 2d Mol file or as a computed 3d SD file
  The 3d structure may be viewed using Java or Javascript.
• Other names: Dihydrogen monosulfide; Dihydrogen sulfide; Hydrosulfuric acid; Stink damp; Sulfur hydride; Sulfureted hydrogen; H2S; Sulfuretted hydrogen; Hydrogen sulphide; Hydrogen sulfide (H2S); Acide sulfhydrique; Hydrogene sulfure; Idrogeno solforato; Rcra waste number U135; Schwefelwasserstoff; Siarkowodor; UN 1053; Zwavelwaterstof; Hepatic gas; Hepatic acid; Hydrogen monosulfide; Sewer gas
• Permanent link for this species. Use this link for bookmarking this species for future reference.
• Information on this page:
  • Phase change data
  • Reaction thermochemistry data
  • Gas phase ion energetics data
  • References
  • Notes
• Other data available:
  • Gas phase thermochemistry data
  • Henry's Law data
  • Ion clustering data
  • IR Spectrum
  • Mass spectrum (electron ionization)
  • Vibrational and/or electronic energy levels
  • Gas Chromatography
  • Fluid Properties
• Data at other public NIST sites:
  • Microwave spectra (on physics lab web site)
  • Electron-Impact Ionization Cross Sections (on physics web site)
  • Gas Phase Kinetics Database
  • X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy Database, version 5.0
• Options:
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Data at NIST subscription sites:

• NIST / TRC Web Thermo Tables, "lite" edition (thermophysical and thermochemical data)
• NIST / TRC Web Thermo Tables, professional edition (thermophysical and thermochemical data)

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Phase change data

Go To: Top, Reaction thermochemistry data, Gas phase ion energetics data, References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
TRC - Thermodynamics Research Center, NIST Boulder Laboratories, Chris Muzny director
AC - William E. Acree, Jr., James S. Chickos

Enthalpy of vaporization

Antoine Equation Parameters

log₁₀(P) = A − (B / (T + C))
    P = vapor pressure (bar)
    T = temperature (K)

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Enthalpy of sublimation

Reaction thermochemistry data

Go To: Top, Phase change data, Gas phase ion energetics data, References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
B - John E. Bartmess
M - Michael M. Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Sharon G. Lias
ALS - Hussein Y. Afeefy, Joel F. Liebman, and Stephen E. Stein

Note: Please consider using the reaction search for this species. This page allows searching of all reactions involving this species. A general reaction search form is also available. Future versions of this site may rely on reaction search pages in place of the enumerated reaction displays seen below.

Individual Reactions

HS^- +  =

By formula: HS^- + H⁺ = H₂S

 +  = ( • )

By formula: F^- + H₂S = (F^- • H₂S)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

H₃S⁺ +  = (H₃S⁺ • )

By formula: H₃S⁺ + H₂S = (H₃S⁺ • H₂S)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

CN^- +  = (CN^- • )

By formula: CN^- + H₂S = (CN^- • H₂S)

(H₃S⁺ • 3) +  = (H₃S⁺ • 4)

By formula: (H₃S⁺ • 3H₂S) + H₂S = (H₃S⁺ • 4H₂S)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

(H₃S⁺ • 2) +  = (H₃S⁺ • 3)

By formula: (H₃S⁺ • 2H₂S) + H₂S = (H₃S⁺ • 3H₂S)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

(H₃S⁺ • ) +  = (H₃S⁺ •  • )

By formula: (H₃S⁺ • H₂S) + H₂O = (H₃S⁺ • H₂O • H₂S)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

(H₃S⁺ • ) +  = (H₃S⁺ • 2)

By formula: (H₃S⁺ • H₂S) + H₂S = (H₃S⁺ • 2H₂S)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

(H₃S⁺ • 4) +  = (H₃S⁺ • 5)

By formula: (H₃S⁺ • 4H₂S) + H₂S = (H₃S⁺ • 5H₂S)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Free energy of reaction

CH₆N⁺ +  = (CH₆N⁺ • )

By formula: CH₆N⁺ + H₂S = (CH₆N⁺ • H₂S)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Free energy of reaction

HS^- +  = (HS^- • )

By formula: HS^- + H₂S = (HS^- • H₂S)

 +  = ( • )

By formula: H₄N⁺ + H₂S = (H₄N⁺ • H₂S)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

C₃H₇⁺ +  = (C₃H₇⁺ • )

By formula: C₃H₇⁺ + H₂S = (C₃H₇⁺ • H₂S)

 +  =  + 

By formula: COS + H₂O = CO₂ + H₂S

(H₂S⁺ • ) +  = (H₂S⁺ • 2)

By formula: (H₂S⁺ • H₂S) + H₂S = (H₂S⁺ • 2H₂S)

 +  = ( • )

By formula: I^- + H₂S = (I^- • H₂S)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

H₂S⁺ +  = (H₂S⁺ • )

By formula: H₂S⁺ + H₂S = (H₂S⁺ • H₂S)

 +  =  + 

By formula: C₂H₄OS + H₂O = C₂H₄O₂ + H₂S

F₅S^- +  = (F₅S^- • )

By formula: F₅S^- + H₂S = (F₅S^- • H₂S)

(H₂S⁺ • 2) +  = (H₂S⁺ • 3)

By formula: (H₂S⁺ • 2H₂S) + H₂S = (H₂S⁺ • 3H₂S)

(H₂S⁺ • 3) +  = (H₂S⁺ • 4)

By formula: (H₂S⁺ • 3H₂S) + H₂S = (H₂S⁺ • 4H₂S)

(H₂S⁺ • 4) +  = (H₂S⁺ • 5)

By formula: (H₂S⁺ • 4H₂S) + H₂S = (H₂S⁺ • 5H₂S)

=  + 

By formula: CH₂S₃ = CS₂ + H₂S

 +  = H₂NOS^-

By formula: NO^- + H₂S = H₂NOS^-

Gas phase ion energetics data

Go To: Top, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data evaluated as indicated in comments:
HL - Edward P. Hunter and Sharon G. Lias
L - Sharon G. Lias

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
B - John E. Bartmess
LBLHLM - Sharon G. Lias, John E. Bartmess, Joel F. Liebman, John L. Holmes, Rhoda D. Levin, and W. Gary Mallard
LLK - Sharon G. Lias, Rhoda D. Levin, and Sherif A. Kafafi
RDSH - Henry M. Rosenstock, Keith Draxl, Bruce W. Steiner, and John T. Herron

View reactions leading to H₂S⁺ (ion structure unspecified)

Ionization energy determinations

Appearance energy determinations

De-protonation reactions

HS^- +  =

By formula: HS^- + H⁺ = H₂S

References

Go To: Top, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Goodwin, 1983
Goodwin, R.D., Hydrogen sulfide provisional thermophysical properties from 188 to 700K at pressures to 75 MPa, Report, NBSIR-83-1694; NTIS No. PB84-122704, 177 pp., 1983. [all data]

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Beckmann, E.; Waentig, P., Cryoscopic Measurements at Low Temperatures, Z. Anorg. Chem., 1910, 67, 17. [all data]

Giauque and Blue, 1936
Giauque, W.F.; Blue, R.W., Hydrogen Sulfide. The Heat Capacity and Vapor Pressure of Solid and Liquid. The HEat of Vaporization. A Comparison of Thermooodynamic and Spectroscopic Values of the Entropy, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1936, 58, 831. [all data]

Cubitt, Henderson, et al., 1987
Cubitt, A.G.; Henderson, C.; Staveley, L.A.K.; Fonseca, I.M.A.; Ferreira, A.G.M., Some thermodynamic properties of liquid hydrogen sulphide and deuterium sulphide, J. Chem. Thermodyn., 1987, 19, 703. [all data]

Dykyj, Svoboda, et al., 1999
Dykyj, J.; Svoboda, J.; Wilhoit, R.C.; Frenkel, M.L.; Hall, K.R., Vapor Pressure of Chemicals: Part A. Vapor Pressure and Antoine Constants for Hydrocarbons and Sulfur, Selenium, Tellurium and Hydrogen Containing Organic Compounds, Springer, Berlin, 1999, 373. [all data]

Giauque and Blue, 1936, 2
Giauque, W.F.; Blue, R.W., Hydrogen Sulfide. The Heat Capacity and Vapor Pressure of Solid and Liquid. The Heat of Vaporization. A Comparison of Thermodynamic and Spectroscopic Values of the Entropy, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1936, 58, 5, 831-837, https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01296a045 . [all data]

Stull, 1947
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Clark, A.M.; Cockett, A.H.; Eisner, H.S., The Vapour Pressure of Hydrogen Sulphide, Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences, 1951, 209, 1098, 408-415, https://doi.org/10.1098/rspa.1951.0214 . [all data]

Rempala and Ervin, 2000
Rempala, K.; Ervin, K.M., Collisional activation of the Endoergic Hydrogen Atom Transfer Reaction S-(2P) + H2 - SH- + H, J. Chem. Phys., 2000, 112, 10, 4579, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.481016 . [all data]

Bartmess, Scott, et al., 1979
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Shiell, Hu, et al., 1900
Shiell, R.C.; Hu, X.K.; Hu, Q.J.; Hepburn, J.W., A determination of the bond dissociation energy (D-0(H-SH)): Threshold ion-pair production spectroscopy (TIPPS) of a triatomic molecule, J. Phys. Chem. A, 1900, 104, 19, 4339-4342, https://doi.org/10.1021/jp000025k . [all data]

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Breyer, Frey, et al., 1981
Breyer, F.; Frey, P.; Hotop, H., High Resolution Photoelectron Spectrometry of Negative Ions: Rotational Transitions in Laser-Photodetachment of OH-, SH-, and SD-, Z. Phys. A, 1981, 300, 1, 7, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01412609 . [all data]

Cumming and Kebarle, 1978
Cumming, J.B.; Kebarle, P., Summary of gas phase measurements involving acids AH. Entropy changes in proton transfer reactions involving negative ions. Bond dissociation energies D(A-H) and electron affinities EA(A), Can. J. Chem., 1978, 56, 1. [all data]

Check, Faust, et al., 2001
Check, C.E.; Faust, T.O.; Bailey, J.M.; Wright, B.J.; Gilbert, T.M.; Sunderlin, L.S., Addition of Polarization and Diffuse Functions to the LANL2DZ Basis Set for P-Block Elements, J. Phys. Chem. A,, 2001, 105, 34, 8111, https://doi.org/10.1021/jp011945l . [all data]

Larson and McMahon, 1983
Larson, J.W.; McMahon, T.B., Strong hydrogen bonding in gas-phase anions. An ion cyclotron resonance determination of fluoride binding energetics to bronsted acids from gas-phase fluoride exchange equilibria measurements, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1983, 105, 2944. [all data]

Wenthold and Squires, 1995
Wenthold, P.G.; Squires, R.R., Bond dissociation energies of F2(-) and HF2(-). A gas-phase experimental and G2 theoretical study, J. Phys. Chem., 1995, 99, 7, 2002, https://doi.org/10.1021/j100007a034 . [all data]

Arshadi, Yamdagni, et al., 1970
Arshadi, M.; Yamdagni, R.; Kebarle, P., Hydration of Halide Negative Ions in the Gas Phase. II. Comparison of Hydration Energies for the Alkali Positive and Halide Negative Ions, J. Phys. Chem., 1970, 74, 7, 1475, https://doi.org/10.1021/j100702a014 . [all data]

Hiraoka and Kebarle, 1977
Hiraoka, K.; Kebarle, P., Gas Phase Ion Equilibria Studies of the Proton in Hydrogen Sulfide and Hydrogen Sulfide - Water Mixtures. Stabilities of the Hydrogen Bonded Complexes H+(H2S)x(H2O)y, Can. J. Chem., 1977, 55, 1, 24, https://doi.org/10.1139/v77-005 . [all data]

Walters and Blais, 1984
Walters, E.A.; Blais, N.C., Molecular beam photoionization and fragmentation of D₂S, (H₂S)₂, (D₂S)₂, and H₂S.H₂O, J. Chem. Phys., 1984, 80, 3501. [all data]

Prest, Tzeng, et al., 1983
Prest, H.F.; Tzeng, W.-B.; Brom, J.M., Jr.; Ng, C.Y., Photoionization study of (H₂S)₂ and (H₂S)₃, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1983, 105, 7531. [all data]

Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Field, 1977
Meot-Ner (Mautner), M.; Field, F.H., Stability, Association and Dissociation in the Cluster Ions H3S+.nH2S, H3O+.nH2O and H3O+.H2O, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1977, 99, 4, 998, https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00446a004 . [all data]

Meot-ner, 1988
Meot-ner, M., Ionic Hydrogen Bond and Ion Solvation. ₆. Interaction Energies of the Acetate Ion with Organic Molecules. Comparison of CH₃COO^- with Cl^-, CN^-, and SH^-, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1988, 110, 12, 3854, https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00220a022 . [all data]

Larson and McMahon, 1987
Larson, J.W.; McMahon, T.B., Hydrogen bonding in gas phase anions. The energetics of interaction between cyanide ion and bronsted acids, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1987, 109, 6230. [all data]

Payzant, Yamdagni, et al., 1971
Payzant, J.D.; Yamdagni, R.; Kebarle, P., Hydration of CN-, NO₂-, NO₃-, and HO- in the gas phase, Can. J. Chem., 1971, 49, 3308. [all data]

Cunningham, Payzant, et al., 1972
Cunningham, A.J.; Payzant, J.D.; Kebarle, P., A Kinetic Study of the Proton Hydrate H+(H2O)n Equilibria in the Gas Phase, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1972, 94, 22, 7627, https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00777a003 . [all data]

Lias, Liebman, et al., 1984
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Meot-Ner (Mautner), M.; Sieck, L.W., The Ionic Hydrogen Bond and Ion Solvation. 4. SH+ O and NH+ S Bonds. Correlations with Proton Affinity. Mutual Effects of Weak and Strong Ligands in Mixed Clusters, J. Phys. Chem., 1985, 89, 24, 5222, https://doi.org/10.1021/j100270a021 . [all data]

Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Sieck, 1991
Meot-Ner (Mautner), M.; Sieck, L.W., Proton affinity ladders from variable-temperature equilibrium measurements. 1. A reevaluation of the upper proton affinity range, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1991, 113, 12, 4448, https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00012a012 . [all data]

Terres and Wesemann, 1932
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Cox and Pilcher, 1970
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Walters and Blais, 1981
Walters, E.A.; Blais, N.C., Molecular beam photoionization of (H₂S)n,n = 1 - 7, J. Chem. Phys., 1981, 75, 4208. [all data]

Caldwell, Masucci, et al., 1989
Caldwell, G.W.; Masucci, J.A.; Ikonomou, M.G., Negative Ion Chemical Ionization Mass Spectrometry - Binding of Molecules to Bromide and Iodide Anions, Org. Mass Spectrom., 1989, 24, 1, 8, https://doi.org/10.1002/oms.1210240103 . [all data]

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Zangerle, Hansel, et al., 1993
Zangerle, R.; Hansel, A.; Richter, R.; Lindinger, W., The Reaction of SF5+ + H2S at Near Thermal Energies: Competition between Association and Binary Reactions, Int. J. Mass Spectrom. Ion Proc., 1993, 129, 117, https://doi.org/10.1016/0168-1176(93)87035-Q . [all data]

Gattow and Krebes, 1963
Gattow, V.G.; Krebes, B., Das kohlenstoffsulfid-di-(hydrogensulfid) SC(SH)₂ und das system H₂S-CS₂. 2. Thermochemie des SC(SH)₂, Z. Anorg. Allg. Chem., 1963, 322, 113. [all data]

Hendricks, de Clercq, et al., 2002
Hendricks, J.H.; de Clercq, H.L.; Freidhoff, C.B.; Arnold, S.T.; Eaton, J.G.; Fancher, C.; Lyapustina, S.A.; S., Anion solvation at the microscopic level: Photoelectron spectroscopy of the solvated anion clusters, NO-(Y)(n), where Y=Ar, Kr, Xe, N2O, H2S, NH3, H2O, and C2H4(OH)(2), J. Chem. Phys., 2002, 116, 18, 7926-7938, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1457444 . [all data]

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Hunter, E.P.; Lias, S.G., Evaluated Gas Phase Basicities and Proton Affinities of Molecules: An Update, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 1998, 27, 3, 413-656, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.556018 . [all data]

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Prest, H.F.; Tzeng, W.-B.; Brom, J.M., Jr.; Ng, C.Y., Molecular beam photoionization study of H₂S, Int. J. Mass Spectrom. Ion Processes, 1983, 50, 315. [all data]

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Smith, D.; Adams, N.G.; Lindinger, W., Reactions of the HnS ions (n = 0 to 3) with several molecular gases at thermal energies, J. Chem. Phys., 1981, 75, 3365. [all data]

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Kimura, K.; Katsumata, S.; Achiba, Y.; Yamazaki, T.; Iwata, S., Ionization energies, Ab initio assignments, and valence electronic structure for 200 molecules in Handbook of HeI Photoelectron Spectra of Fundamental Organic Compounds, Japan Scientific Soc. Press, Tokyo, 1981. [all data]

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Eland, 1979
Eland, J.H.D., Dissociations of state-selected C₂H₂⁺, H₂S⁺ and D₂S⁺ ions studied by photoelectron-photoion coincidence spectroscopy, Int. J. Mass Spectrom. Ion Phys., 1979, 31, 161. [all data]

Notes

Go To: Top, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Gas phase ion energetics data, References

• Symbols used in this document:
  

  AE	Appearance energy
  IE (evaluated)	Recommended ionization energy
  Pc	Critical pressure
  Ptriple	Triple point pressure
  T	Temperature
  Tboil	Boiling point
  Tc	Critical temperature
  Tfus	Fusion (melting) point
  Ttriple	Triple point temperature
  ΔrG°	Free energy of reaction at standard conditions
  ΔrH°	Enthalpy of reaction at standard conditions
  ΔrS°	Entropy of reaction at standard conditions
  ΔsubH	Enthalpy of sublimation
  ΔvapH	Enthalpy of vaporization
  ρc	Critical density

• Data from NIST Standard Reference Database 69: NIST Chemistry WebBook
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