Pyrrolidine
- Formula: C4H9N
- Molecular weight: 71.1210
- IUPAC Standard InChIKey: RWRDLPDLKQPQOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N
- CAS Registry Number: 123-75-1
- Chemical structure:
This structure is also available as a 2d Mol file or as a computed 3d SD file
The 3d structure may be viewed using Java or Javascript. - Other names: Azacyclopentane; Azolidine; Butylenimine; Prolamine; Pyrrole, tetrahydro-; Tetrahydropyrrole; Tetramethylenimine; Perhydropyrrole; UN 1922; NSC 62781; Pyrrolidine ring
- Permanent link for this species. Use this link for bookmarking this species for future reference.
- Information on this page:
- Other data available:
- Data at other public NIST sites:
- Options:
Data at NIST subscription sites:
NIST subscription sites provide data under the NIST Standard Reference Data Program, but require an annual fee to access. The purpose of the fee is to recover costs associated with the development of data collections included in such sites. Your institution may already be a subscriber. Follow the links above to find out more about the data in these sites and their terms of usage.
Gas phase thermochemistry data
Go To: Top, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Ion clustering data, IR Spectrum, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), Gas Chromatography, References, Notes
Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Data compiled by: Hussein Y. Afeefy, Joel F. Liebman, and Stephen E. Stein
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔfH°gas | -3.4 ± 0.96 | kJ/mol | Ccb | Hildenbrand, Sinke, et al., 1959 | |
ΔfH°gas | -3.6 ± 0.92 | kJ/mol | Ccb | McCullough, Douslin, et al., 1959 |
Condensed phase thermochemistry data
Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Ion clustering data, IR Spectrum, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), Gas Chromatography, References, Notes
Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Data compiled as indicated in comments:
ALS - Hussein Y. Afeefy, Joel F. Liebman, and Stephen E. Stein
DH - Eugene S. Domalski and Elizabeth D. Hearing
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔfH°liquid | -41.0 ± 0.84 | kJ/mol | Ccb | Hildenbrand, Sinke, et al., 1959 | ALS |
ΔfH°liquid | -41.2 ± 0.84 | kJ/mol | Ccb | McCullough, Douslin, et al., 1959 | ALS |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
ΔcH°liquid | -2819.3 ± 0.84 | kJ/mol | Ccb | Hildenbrand, Sinke, et al., 1959 | ALS |
ΔcH°liquid | -2819.2 ± 0.75 | kJ/mol | Ccb | McCullough, Douslin, et al., 1959 | ALS |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
S°liquid | 204.10 | J/mol*K | N/A | Hildenbrand, Sinke, et al., 1959 | DH |
S°liquid | 204.01 | J/mol*K | N/A | McCullough, Douslin, et al., 1959 | DH |
Constant pressure heat capacity of liquid
Cp,liquid (J/mol*K) | Temperature (K) | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|
160.2 | 298. | Conti, Gianni, et al., 1976 | DH |
156.57 | 298.15 | Hildenbrand, Sinke, et al., 1959 | T = 14 to 312 K.; DH |
156.57 | 298.15 | McCullough, Douslin, et al., 1959 | T = 13 to 350 K.; DH |
Phase change data
Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Ion clustering data, IR Spectrum, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), Gas Chromatography, References, Notes
Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Data compiled as indicated in comments:
BS - Robert L. Brown and Stephen E. Stein
TRC - Thermodynamics Research Center, NIST Boulder Laboratories, Chris Muzny director
ALS - Hussein Y. Afeefy, Joel F. Liebman, and Stephen E. Stein
DRB - Donald R. Burgess, Jr.
AC - William E. Acree, Jr., James S. Chickos
CAL - James S. Chickos, William E. Acree, Jr., Joel F. Liebman, Students of Chem 202 (Introduction to the Literature of Chemistry), University of Missouri -- St. Louis
DH - Eugene S. Domalski and Elizabeth D. Hearing
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Tboil | 360. ± 3. | K | AVG | N/A | Average of 7 values; Individual data points |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
Tfus | 211.95 | K | N/A | Boord, Greenlee, et al., 1950 | Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.5 K; TRC |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
Ttriple | 215.31 | K | N/A | Hildenbrand, Sinke, et al., 1959, 2 | Crystal phase 1 phase; Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.07 K; TRC |
Ttriple | 215.240 | K | N/A | McCullough, Douslin, et al., 1959, 2 | Crystal phase 1 phase; Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.05 K; by extrapolation of 1/F to 0; TRC |
Ttriple | 215.31 | K | N/A | McCullough, Douslin, et al., 1959, 2 | Crystal phase 1 phase; Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.06 K; TRC |
Ttriple | 215.3 | K | N/A | Helm, Lanum, et al., 1958 | Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.03 K; measured in calorimeter at USBM, Bartlesville, OK; TRC |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
Tc | 568.6 | K | N/A | Majer and Svoboda, 1985 | |
Tc | 568.6 | K | N/A | Cheng, McCoubrey, et al., 1962 | Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.4 K; TRC |
Tc | 570. | K | N/A | Kobe, Ravicz, et al., 1956 | Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 2.5 K; TRC |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
Pc | 57.00 | bar | N/A | Kobe, Ravicz, et al., 1956 | Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 1.034 bar; TRC |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
Vc | 0.249 | l/mol | N/A | Kobe, Ravicz, et al., 1956 | Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.005 l/mol; TRC |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
ΔvapH° | 37.52 | kJ/mol | N/A | Majer and Svoboda, 1985 | |
ΔvapH° | 37.61 ± 0.10 | kJ/mol | V | Hildenbrand, Sinke, et al., 1959 | ALS |
ΔvapH° | 37.6 | kJ/mol | N/A | Hildenbrand, Sinke, et al., 1959 | DRB |
ΔvapH° | 37.57 ± 0.063 | kJ/mol | V | McCullough, Douslin, et al., 1959 | ALS |
ΔvapH° | 37.6 | kJ/mol | N/A | McCullough, Douslin, et al., 1959 | DRB |
Enthalpy of vaporization
ΔvapH (kJ/mol) | Temperature (K) | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|
33.01 | 359.7 | N/A | Majer and Svoboda, 1985 | |
38.4 | 288. | A | Stephenson and Malanowski, 1987 | Based on data from 273. to 313. K.; AC |
35.8 | 331. | EB,IP | Stephenson and Malanowski, 1987 | Based on data from 316. to 394. K. See also McCullough, Douslin, et al., 1959 and Osborn and Douslin, 1968.; AC |
37.3 | 309. | N/A | Hildenbrand, Sinke, et al., 1959, 2 | Based on data from 294. to 360. K. See also Boublik, Fried, et al., 1984.; AC |
35.8 ± 0.1 | 322. | C | McCullough, Douslin, et al., 1959 | AC |
34.5 ± 0.1 | 340. | C | McCullough, Douslin, et al., 1959 | AC |
33.0 ± 0.1 | 360. | C | McCullough, Douslin, et al., 1959 | AC |
Enthalpy of vaporization
ΔvapH =
A exp(-βTr) (1 − Tr)β
ΔvapH =
Enthalpy of vaporization (at saturation pressure)
(kJ/mol)
Tr = reduced temperature (T / Tc)
View plot Requires a JavaScript / HTML 5 canvas capable browser.
Temperature (K) | A (kJ/mol) | β | Tc (K) | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
322. to 360. | 57.78 | 0.3426 | 568.6 | Majer and Svoboda, 1985 |
Antoine Equation Parameters
log10(P) = A − (B / (T + C))
P = vapor pressure (bar)
T = temperature (K)
View plot Requires a JavaScript / HTML 5 canvas capable browser.
Temperature (K) | A | B | C | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
316.31 to 394.1 | 4.04953 | 1180.043 | -67.895 | McCullough, Douslin, et al., 1959 | Coefficents calculated by NIST from author's data. |
Enthalpy of fusion
ΔfusH (kJ/mol) | Temperature (K) | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|
8.58 | 215.3 | Domalski and Hearing, 1996 | AC |
Entropy of fusion
ΔfusS (J/mol*K) | Temperature (K) | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|
2.61 | 207.1 | Domalski and Hearing, 1996 | CAL |
39.84 | 215.3 |
Enthalpy of phase transition
ΔHtrs (kJ/mol) | Temperature (K) | Initial Phase | Final Phase | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
0.531 | 207.14 | crystaline, II | crystaline, I | Hildenbrand, Sinke, et al., 1959 | DH |
8.590 | 215.31 | crystaline, I | liquid | Hildenbrand, Sinke, et al., 1959 | DH |
0.5401 | 207.14 | crystaline, II | crystaline, I | McCullough, Douslin, et al., 1959 | DH |
8.577 | 215.31 | crystaline, I | liquid | McCullough, Douslin, et al., 1959 | DH |
Entropy of phase transition
ΔStrs (J/mol*K) | Temperature (K) | Initial Phase | Final Phase | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
2.56 | 207.14 | crystaline, II | crystaline, I | Hildenbrand, Sinke, et al., 1959 | DH |
39.90 | 215.31 | crystaline, I | liquid | Hildenbrand, Sinke, et al., 1959 | DH |
2.61 | 207.14 | crystaline, II | crystaline, I | McCullough, Douslin, et al., 1959 | DH |
39.84 | 215.31 | crystaline, I | liquid | McCullough, Douslin, et al., 1959 | DH |
Reaction thermochemistry data
Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Ion clustering data, IR Spectrum, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), Gas Chromatography, References, Notes
Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Data compiled as indicated in comments:
M - Michael M. Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Sharon G. Lias
ALS - Hussein Y. Afeefy, Joel F. Liebman, and Stephen E. Stein
Note: Please consider using the reaction search for this species. This page allows searching of all reactions involving this species. A general reaction search form is also available. Future versions of this site may rely on reaction search pages in place of the enumerated reaction displays seen below.
Individual Reactions
(C4H10N+ • ) +
= (C4H10N+ • 2
)
By formula: (C4H10N+ • C4H9N) + C4H9N = (C4H10N+ • 2C4H9N)
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 64.0 | kJ/mol | PHPMS | Hiraoka, Takimoto, et al., 1987 | gas phase; M |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
ΔrS° | 102. | J/mol*K | PHPMS | Hiraoka, Takimoto, et al., 1987 | gas phase; M |
By formula: C4H10N+ + C4H9N = (C4H10N+ • C4H9N)
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 93.3 | kJ/mol | PHPMS | Hiraoka, Takimoto, et al., 1987 | gas phase; M |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
ΔrS° | 99.6 | J/mol*K | PHPMS | Hiraoka, Takimoto, et al., 1987 | gas phase; M |
By formula: 3H2 + C12H21N3 = 3C4H9N
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | -105. ± 0.4 | kJ/mol | Chyd | Wiberg, Nakaji, et al., 1993 | liquid phase; solvent: Acetic acid; ALS |
Gas phase ion energetics data
Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Ion clustering data, IR Spectrum, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), Gas Chromatography, References, Notes
Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Data evaluated as indicated in comments:
HL - Edward P. Hunter and Sharon G. Lias
Data compiled as indicated in comments:
LLK - Sharon G. Lias, Rhoda D. Levin, and Sherif A. Kafafi
RDSH - Henry M. Rosenstock, Keith Draxl, Bruce W. Steiner, and John T. Herron
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Proton affinity (review) | 948.3 | kJ/mol | N/A | Hunter and Lias, 1998 | HL |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
Gas basicity | 915.3 | kJ/mol | N/A | Hunter and Lias, 1998 | HL |
Ionization energy determinations
IE (eV) | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|
8.41 | PE | Al-Joboury and Turner, 1964 | RDSH |
8.82 | PE | Gerson, Worley, et al., 1978 | Vertical value; LLK |
8.77 ± 0.02 | PE | Aue, Webb, et al., 1976 | Vertical value; LLK |
8.77 ± 0.05 | PE | Morishima, Yoshikawa, et al., 1975 | Vertical value; LLK |
8.82 ± 0.03 | PE | Colonna, Distefano, et al., 1975 | Vertical value; LLK |
8.77 ± 0.02 | PE | Yoshikawa, Hashimoto, et al., 1974 | Vertical value; LLK |
Appearance energy determinations
Ion | AE (eV) | Other Products | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
CH2N+ | 13.9 ± 0.2 | ? | EI | Gallegos and Kiser, 1962 | RDSH |
CH4N+ | 12.7 ± 0.2 | ? | EI | Gallegos and Kiser, 1962 | RDSH |
C2H2+ | 17.3 ± 1.0 | ? | EI | Gallegos and Kiser, 1962 | RDSH |
C2H3+ | 16.7 ± 0.3 | ? | EI | Gallegos and Kiser, 1962 | RDSH |
C2H4N+ | 13.0 ± 0.2 | C2H5 | EI | Gallegos and Kiser, 1962 | RDSH |
C2H5N+ | 12.3 ± 0.2 | ? | EI | Gallegos and Kiser, 1962 | RDSH |
C3H3+ | 18.9 ± 0.4 | ? | EI | Gallegos and Kiser, 1962 | RDSH |
C4H8N+ | 11.0 ± 0.2 | H | EI | Gallegos and Kiser, 1962 | RDSH |
Ion clustering data
Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Gas phase ion energetics data, IR Spectrum, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), Gas Chromatography, References, Notes
Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Data compiled by: Michael M. Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Sharon G. Lias
Note: Please consider using the reaction search for this species. This page allows searching of all reactions involving this species. Searches may be limited to ion clustering reactions. A general reaction search form is also available.
Clustering reactions
By formula: C4H10N+ + C4H9N = (C4H10N+ • C4H9N)
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 93.3 | kJ/mol | PHPMS | Hiraoka, Takimoto, et al., 1987 | gas phase |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
ΔrS° | 99.6 | J/mol*K | PHPMS | Hiraoka, Takimoto, et al., 1987 | gas phase |
(C4H10N+ • ) +
= (C4H10N+ • 2
)
By formula: (C4H10N+ • C4H9N) + C4H9N = (C4H10N+ • 2C4H9N)
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 64.0 | kJ/mol | PHPMS | Hiraoka, Takimoto, et al., 1987 | gas phase |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
ΔrS° | 102. | J/mol*K | PHPMS | Hiraoka, Takimoto, et al., 1987 | gas phase |
IR Spectrum
Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Ion clustering data, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), Gas Chromatography, References, Notes
Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Data compiled by: NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, William E. Wallace, director
Gas Phase Spectrum
Notice: This spectrum may be better viewed with a Javascript and HTML 5 enabled browser.
Notice: Concentration information is not available for this spectrum and, therefore, molar absorptivity values cannot be derived.
Additional Data
View image of digitized spectrum (can be printed in landscape orientation).
View spectrum image in SVG format.
Download spectrum in JCAMP-DX format.
Owner | NIST Standard Reference Data Program Collection (C) 2018 copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the United States of America. All rights reserved. |
---|---|
Origin | NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center |
State | gas |
Instrument | HP-GC/MS/IRD |
Mass spectrum (electron ionization)
Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Ion clustering data, IR Spectrum, Gas Chromatography, References, Notes
Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Data compiled by: NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, William E. Wallace, director
Spectrum
Notice: This spectrum may be better viewed with a Javascript and HTML 5 enabled browser.
Additional Data
View image of digitized spectrum (can be printed in landscape orientation).
Due to licensing restrictions, this spectrum cannot be downloaded.
Owner | NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center Collection (C) 2014 copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the United States of America. All rights reserved. |
---|---|
Origin | NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, 1990. |
NIST MS number | 118205 |
Gas Chromatography
Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Ion clustering data, IR Spectrum, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), References, Notes
Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Data compiled by: NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, William E. Wallace, director
Kovats' RI, non-polar column, isothermal
Column type | Active phase | Temperature (C) | I | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Capillary | OV-101 | 110. | 692. | Zhuravleva, 2000 | 50. m/0.3 mm/0.4 μm, He |
Packed | C78, Branched paraffin | 130. | 674.9 | Reddy, Dutoit, et al., 1992 | Chromosorb G HP; Column length: 3.3 m |
Packed | Apolane | 130. | 680. | Dutoit, 1991 | Column length: 3.7 m |
Packed | Apiezon L | 100. | 690. | Zhuravleva, Kapustin, et al., 1976 | N2 or He, Chromosorb G, AW; Column length: 2.7 m |
Packed | PMS-100 | 130. | 645. | Anderson, Jurel, et al., 1973 | He, Celite 545 (44-60 mesh); Column length: 3. m |
Packed | SE-30 | 110. | 688. | Tibor and Anna, 1971 | N2, Chromosorb W-AW; Column length: 2. m |
Packed | SE-30 | 90. | 678. | Tibor and Anna, 1971 | N2, Chromosorb W-AW; Column length: 2. m |
Kovats' RI, non-polar column, custom temperature program
Column type | Active phase | I | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|
Packed | SE-30 | 695. | Ramsey, Lee, et al., 1980 | He, Chromosorb G HP (80-100 mesh); Column length: 1.5 m; Program: not specified |
Kovats' RI, polar column, isothermal
Column type | Active phase | Temperature (C) | I | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Packed | PEG-2000 | 150. | 1008. | Anderson, Jurel, et al., 1973 | He, Celite 545 (44-60 mesh); Column length: 3. m |
Packed | PEG-2000 | 152. | 1038. | Anderson, Jurel, et al., 1973 | He, Celite 545 (44-60 mesh); Column length: 3. m |
Packed | PEG-2000 | 179. | 1040. | Anderson, Jurel, et al., 1973 | He, Celite 545 (44-60 mesh); Column length: 3. m |
Packed | PEG-2000 | 180. | 999. | Anderson, Jurel, et al., 1973 | He, Celite 545 (44-60 mesh); Column length: 3. m |
Packed | PEG-2000 | 200. | 1047. | Anderson, Jurel, et al., 1973 | He, Celite 545 (44-60 mesh); Column length: 3. m |
Packed | PEG-2000 | 200. | 994. | Anderson, Jurel, et al., 1973 | He, Celite 545 (44-60 mesh); Column length: 3. m |
Packed | PEG-20M | 110. | 995. | Tibor and Anna, 1971 | N2, Chromosorb W-AW; Column length: 2. m |
Van Den Dool and Kratz RI, non-polar column, temperature ramp
Column type | Active phase | I | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|
Packed | SE-30 | 675. | Peng, Ding, et al., 1988 | He, Supelcoport and Chromosorb, 40. C @ 4. min, 10. K/min, 250. C @ 60. min; Column length: 3.05 m |
Normal alkane RI, non-polar column, temperature ramp
Column type | Active phase | I | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|
Capillary | Optima-5 MS | 660. | Goeminne, Vandendriessche, et al., 2012 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium, 35. C @ 3. min, 10. K/min, 250. C @ 5. min |
Normal alkane RI, non-polar column, custom temperature program
Column type | Active phase | I | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|
Capillary | Methyl Silicone | 686. | Farkas, Héberger, et al., 2004 | Program: not specified |
Capillary | SPB-1 | 671. | Flanagan, Streete, et al., 1997 | 60. m/0.53 mm/5. μm, He; Program: 40C(6min) => 5C/min => 80C => 10C/min => 200C |
Capillary | SPB-1 | 671. | Strete, Ruprah, et al., 1992 | 60. m/0.53 mm/5.0 μm, Helium; Program: 40 0C (6 min) 5 0C/min -> 80 0C 10 0C/min -> 200 0C |
Capillary | SPB-1 | 695. | Strete, Ruprah, et al., 1992 | 60. m/0.53 mm/5.0 μm, Helium; Program: not specified |
Capillary | OV-1, SE-30, Methyl silicone, SP-2100, OV-101, DB-1, etc. | 695. | Waggott and Davies, 1984 | Hydrogen; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; Program: not specified |
Capillary | OV-1 | 695. | Ramsey and Flanagan, 1982 | Program: not specified |
Other | Methyl Silicone | 695. | Ardrey and Moffat, 1981 | Program: not specified |
Normal alkane RI, polar column, temperature ramp
Column type | Active phase | I | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|
Capillary | DB-Wax | 1020. | Rochat, Egger, et al., 2009 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium, 60. C @ 3. min, 8. K/min, 200. C @ 9.5 min |
Capillary | DB-Wax | 1031. | Rochat, Egger, et al., 2009 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium, 60. C @ 3. min, 8. K/min, 200. C @ 9.5 min |
Capillary | DB-Wax | 1032. | Rochat, Egger, et al., 2009 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium, 60. C @ 3. min, 8. K/min, 200. C @ 9.5 min |
Capillary | DB-Wax | 1034. | Rochat, Egger, et al., 2009 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium, 60. C @ 3. min, 8. K/min, 200. C @ 9.5 min |
Normal alkane RI, polar column, custom temperature program
Column type | Active phase | I | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|
Capillary | DB-Wax | 1006. | Rochat, Egger, et al., 2009 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium; Program: not specified |
Capillary | DB-Wax | 1003. | Peng, Yang, et al., 1991 | Program: not specified |
Capillary | Carbowax 20M | 1022. | Ramsey and Flanagan, 1982 | Program: not specified |
References
Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Ion clustering data, IR Spectrum, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), Gas Chromatography, Notes
Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Hildenbrand, Sinke, et al., 1959
Hildenbrand, D.L.; Sinke, G.C.; McDonald, R.A.; Kramer, W.R.; Stull, D.R.,
Thermodynamic and spectroscopic study of pyrrolidine. I. Thermodynamic properties in the solid, liquid, and vapor states,
J. Chem. Phys., 1959, 31, 650-654. [all data]
McCullough, Douslin, et al., 1959
McCullough, J.P.; Douslin, D.R.; Hubbard, W.N.; Todd, S.S.; Messerly, J.F.; Hossenlopp, I.A.; Frow, F.R.; Dawson, J.P.; Waddington, G.,
Pyrrolidine: Chemical thermodynamic properties between 0 and 1500°K; effect of pseudorotation; and an unusual thermal anomaly in the liquid state,
J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1959, 81, 5884-5890. [all data]
Conti, Gianni, et al., 1976
Conti, G.; Gianni, P.; Matteoli, E.; Mengheri, M.,
Capacita termiche molari di alcuni composti organici mono- e bifunzionali nel liquido puro e in soluzione acquosa a 25C,
Chim. Ind. (Milan), 1976, 58, 225. [all data]
Boord, Greenlee, et al., 1950
Boord, C.E.; Greenlee, K.W.; Derfer, J.M.,
The Synthesis, Purification and Prop. of Hydrocarbons of Low Mol. Wt., Am. Pet. Inst. Res. Proj. 45, Twelfth Annu. Rep., Ohio State Univ., 1950. [all data]
Hildenbrand, Sinke, et al., 1959, 2
Hildenbrand, D.L.; Sinke, G.C.; McDonald, R.A.; Kramer, W.R.; Stull, D.R.,
Thermodynamic and Spectroscopic Study of Pyrrolidine. I. Thermodynamic Properties in the Solid, Liquid, and Vapor States,
J. Chem. Phys., 1959, 31, 3, 650, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1730441
. [all data]
McCullough, Douslin, et al., 1959, 2
McCullough, J.P.; Douslin, D.R.; Hubbard, W.N.; Todd, S.S.; Messerly, J.F.; Hossenlopp, I.A.; Frow, F.R.; Dawson, J.P.; Waddington, G.,
Pyrrolidine: Chemical Thermodynamic Properties Between 0 and 1500 K; Effect of Pseudorotation; and an Unusual Thermal Anomaly in the Liquid State,
J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1959, 81, 5884-90. [all data]
Helm, Lanum, et al., 1958
Helm, R.V.; Lanum, W.J.; Cook, G.L.; Ball, J.S.,
Purification and Properties of Pyrrole, Pyrrolidine, Pyridine and 2-Methylpyridine,
J. Phys. Chem., 1958, 62, 858. [all data]
Majer and Svoboda, 1985
Majer, V.; Svoboda, V.,
Enthalpies of Vaporization of Organic Compounds: A Critical Review and Data Compilation, Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford, 1985, 300. [all data]
Cheng, McCoubrey, et al., 1962
Cheng, D.C.H.; McCoubrey, J.C.; Phillips, D.G.,
Critical Temperatures of Some Organic Cyclic Compounds,
Trans. Faraday Soc., 1962, 58, 224. [all data]
Kobe, Ravicz, et al., 1956
Kobe, K.A.; Ravicz, A.E.; Vohra, S.P.,
Critical Properties and Vapor Pressures of Some Ethers and Heterocyclic Compounds,
J. Chem. Eng. Data, 1956, 1, 50. [all data]
Stephenson and Malanowski, 1987
Stephenson, Richard M.; Malanowski, Stanislaw,
Handbook of the Thermodynamics of Organic Compounds, 1987, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3173-2
. [all data]
Osborn and Douslin, 1968
Osborn, Ann G.; Douslin, Donald R.,
Vapor pressure relations of 13 nitrogen compounds related to petroleum,
J. Chem. Eng. Data, 1968, 13, 4, 534-537, https://doi.org/10.1021/je60039a024
. [all data]
Boublik, Fried, et al., 1984
Boublik, T.; Fried, V.; Hala, E.,
The Vapour Pressures of Pure Substances: Selected Values of the Temperature Dependence of the Vapour Pressures of Some Pure Substances in the Normal and Low Pressure Region, 2nd ed., Elsevier, New York, 1984, 972. [all data]
Domalski and Hearing, 1996
Domalski, Eugene S.; Hearing, Elizabeth D.,
Heat Capacities and Entropies of Organic Compounds in the Condensed Phase. Volume III,
J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 1996, 25, 1, 1, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.555985
. [all data]
Hiraoka, Takimoto, et al., 1987
Hiraoka, K.; Takimoto, H.; Yamabe, S.,
Stabilities and Structures in Cluster Ions of Five-Membered Heterocyclic Compounds Containing O, N and S Atoms,
J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1987, 109, 24, 7346, https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00258a018
. [all data]
Wiberg, Nakaji, et al., 1993
Wiberg, K.B.; Nakaji, D.Y.; Morgan, K.M.,
Heat of hydrogenation of a cis imine. An experimental and theoretical study,
J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1993, 115, 3527-3532. [all data]
Hunter and Lias, 1998
Hunter, E.P.; Lias, S.G.,
Evaluated Gas Phase Basicities and Proton Affinities of Molecules: An Update,
J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 1998, 27, 3, 413-656, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.556018
. [all data]
Al-Joboury and Turner, 1964
Al-Joboury, M.I.; Turner, D.W.,
Molecular photoelectron spectroscopy. Part II. A summary of ionization potentials,
J. Chem. Soc., 1964, 4434. [all data]
Gerson, Worley, et al., 1978
Gerson, S.H.; Worley, S.D.; Bodor, N.; Kaminski, J.J.; Flechtner, T.W.,
The photoelectron spectra of some heterocyclic compounds which contain N, O, Cl, and Br,
J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom., 1978, 13, 421. [all data]
Aue, Webb, et al., 1976
Aue, D.H.; Webb, H.M.; Bowers, M.T.,
Quantitative proton affinities, ionization potentials, and hydrogen affinities of alkylamines,
J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1976, 98, 311. [all data]
Morishima, Yoshikawa, et al., 1975
Morishima, I.; Yoshikawa, K.; Hashimoto, M.; Bekki, K.,
Homoallylic interaction between the nitrogen lone pair and the nonadjacent π bond in cyclic and bicyclic amines. I. Photoelectron spectroscopic study,
J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1975, 97, 4283. [all data]
Colonna, Distefano, et al., 1975
Colonna, F.P.; Distefano, G.; Pignataro, S.; Pitacco, G.; Valentin, E.,
Ionization energies of some amines and enamines and an estimation of their relative basicity in gaseous phase,
J. Chem. Soc. Faraday Trans. 2, 1975, 71, 1572. [all data]
Yoshikawa, Hashimoto, et al., 1974
Yoshikawa, K.; Hashimoto, M.; Morishima, I.,
Photoelectron spectroscopic study of cyclic amines. The relation between ionization potentials, basicities, and s character of the nitrogen lone pair electrons,
J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1974, 96, 288. [all data]
Gallegos and Kiser, 1962
Gallegos, E.J.; Kiser, R.W.,
Electron impact spectroscopy of the four- and five-membered, saturated heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur,
J. Phys. Chem., 1962, 66, 136. [all data]
Zhuravleva, 2000
Zhuravleva, I.L.,
Evaluation of the polarity and boiling points of nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compounds by gas chromatography,
Russ. Chem. Bull. (Engl. Transl.), 2000, 49, 2, 325-328, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02494682
. [all data]
Reddy, Dutoit, et al., 1992
Reddy, K.S.; Dutoit, J.-Cl.; Kovats, E. sz.,
Pair-wise interactions by gas chromatography. I. Interaction free enthalpies of solutes with non-associated primary alcohol groups,
J. Chromatogr., 1992, 609, 1-2, 229-259, https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9673(92)80167-S
. [all data]
Dutoit, 1991
Dutoit, J.,
Gas chromatographic retention behaviour of some solutes on structurally similar polar and non-polar stationary phases,
J. Chromatogr., 1991, 555, 1-2, 191-204, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(01)87179-X
. [all data]
Zhuravleva, Kapustin, et al., 1976
Zhuravleva, I.L.; Kapustin, Yu.P.; Golovnya, P.B.,
Retention indices of some isoaliphatic and heterocyclic nitrogenous bases,
Zh. Anal. Khim., 1976, 31, 1378-1380. [all data]
Anderson, Jurel, et al., 1973
Anderson, A.; Jurel, S.; Shymanska, M.; Golender, L.,
Gas-liquid chromatography of some aliphatic and heterocyclic mono- and pollyfunctional amines. VII. Retention indices of amines in some polar and unpolar stationary phases,
Latv. PSR Zinat. Akad. Vestis Kim. Ser., 1973, 1, 51-63. [all data]
Tibor and Anna, 1971
Tibor, T.; Anna, B.,
Gázkromatográfiás retenció és a kémiai szerkezet, I.,
Magy. Kem. Foly., 1971, 77, 576-587. [all data]
Ramsey, Lee, et al., 1980
Ramsey, J.D.; Lee, T.D.; Osselton, M.D.; Moffat, A.C.,
Gas-liquid chromatographic retention indices of 296 non-drug substances on SE-30 or OV-1 likely to be encountered in toxicological analyses,
J. Chromatogr., 1980, 184, 2, 185-206, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(00)85641-1
. [all data]
Peng, Ding, et al., 1988
Peng, C.T.; Ding, S.F.; Hua, R.L.; Yang, Z.C.,
Prediction of Retention Indexes I. Structure-Retention Index Relationship on Apolar Columns,
J. Chromatogr., 1988, 436, 137-172, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(00)94575-8
. [all data]
Goeminne, Vandendriessche, et al., 2012
Goeminne, P.C.; Vandendriessche, T.; Van Eldere, J.; Nicolai, B.M.; Hertog, M.L.; Dupont, L.J.,
Detection of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in sputum headspace through volatile organic compound analysis,
Respiratory Res., 2012, 13, 87, 1-9. [all data]
Farkas, Héberger, et al., 2004
Farkas, O.; Héberger, K.; Zenkevich, I.G.,
Quantitative structure-retention relationships. XIV. Prediction of gas chromatographic retention indices for saturated O-, N-, and S-heterocyclic compounds,
Chemom. Intell. Lab. Syst., 2004, 72, 2, 173-184, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemolab.2004.01.012
. [all data]
Flanagan, Streete, et al., 1997
Flanagan, R.J.; Streete, P.J.; Ramsey, J.D.,
Volatile Substance Abuse, UNODC Technical Series, No 5, United Nations, Office on Drugs and Crime, Vienna International Centre, PO Box 500, A-1400 Vienna, Austria, 1997, 56, retrieved from http://www.odccp.org/pdf/technicalseries1997-01-011.pdf. [all data]
Strete, Ruprah, et al., 1992
Strete, P.J.; Ruprah, M.; Ramsey, J.D.; Flanagan, R.J.,
Detection and identification of volatile substances by headspace capillary gas chromatography to aid the diagnosis of acute poisoning,
Analyst, 1992, 117, 7, 1111-1127, https://doi.org/10.1039/an9921701111
. [all data]
Waggott and Davies, 1984
Waggott, A.; Davies, I.W.,
Identification of organic pollutants using linear temperature programmed retention indices (LTPRIs) - Part II, 1984, retrieved from http://dwi.defra.gov.uk/research/completed-research/reports/dwi0383.pdf. [all data]
Ramsey and Flanagan, 1982
Ramsey, J.D.; Flanagan, R.J.,
Detection and Identification of Volatile Organic Compounds in Blood by Headspace Gas Chromatography as an Aid to the Diagnosis of Solvent Abuse,
J. Chromatogr., 1982, 240, 2, 423-444, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(00)99622-5
. [all data]
Ardrey and Moffat, 1981
Ardrey, R.E.; Moffat, A.C.,
Gas-liquid chromatographic retention indices of 1318 substances of toxicological interest on SE-30 or OV-1 stationary phase,
J. Chromatogr., 1981, 220, 3, 195-252, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(00)81925-1
. [all data]
Rochat, Egger, et al., 2009
Rochat, S.; Egger, J.; Chaintreau, A.,
Strategy for the identification of key odorants: application to shrimp aroma,
J. Chromatogr. A, 2009, 1216, 36, 6424-6432, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.2009.07.014
. [all data]
Peng, Yang, et al., 1991
Peng, C.T.; Yang, Z.C.; Ding, S.F.,
Prediction of rentention idexes. II. Structure-retention index relationship on polar columns,
J. Chromatogr., 1991, 586, 1, 85-112, https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9673(91)80028-F
. [all data]
Notes
Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Ion clustering data, IR Spectrum, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), Gas Chromatography, References
- Symbols used in this document:
AE Appearance energy Cp,liquid Constant pressure heat capacity of liquid Pc Critical pressure S°liquid Entropy of liquid at standard conditions Tboil Boiling point Tc Critical temperature Tfus Fusion (melting) point Ttriple Triple point temperature Vc Critical volume ΔHtrs Enthalpy of phase transition ΔStrs Entropy of phase transition ΔcH°liquid Enthalpy of combustion of liquid at standard conditions ΔfH°gas Enthalpy of formation of gas at standard conditions ΔfH°liquid Enthalpy of formation of liquid at standard conditions ΔfusH Enthalpy of fusion ΔfusS Entropy of fusion ΔrH° Enthalpy of reaction at standard conditions ΔrS° Entropy of reaction at standard conditions ΔvapH Enthalpy of vaporization ΔvapH° Enthalpy of vaporization at standard conditions - Data from NIST Standard Reference Database 69: NIST Chemistry WebBook
- The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) uses its best efforts to deliver a high quality copy of the Database and to verify that the data contained therein have been selected on the basis of sound scientific judgment. However, NIST makes no warranties to that effect, and NIST shall not be liable for any damage that may result from errors or omissions in the Database.
- Customer support for NIST Standard Reference Data products.