Bromine

• Formula: Br₂
• Molecular weight: 159.808
• IUPAC Standard InChI: InChI=1S/Br2/c1-2 Copy

  
• IUPAC Standard InChIKey: GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copy
• CAS Registry Number: 7726-95-6
• Chemical structure:
  This structure is also available as a 2d Mol file or as a computed 3d SD file
  The 3d structure may be viewed using Java or Javascript.
• Other names: Br2; Brom; Brome; Bromo; Broom; UN 1744; Dibromine
• Permanent link for this species. Use this link for bookmarking this species for future reference.
• Information on this page:
  • Condensed phase thermochemistry data
  • Reaction thermochemistry data (reactions 1 to 50)
  • Gas phase ion energetics data
  • References
  • Notes
• Other data available:
  • Gas phase thermochemistry data
  • Phase change data
  • Reaction thermochemistry data: reactions 51 to 55
  • Ion clustering data
  • Mass spectrum (electron ionization)
  • Constants of diatomic molecules
• Data at other public NIST sites:
  • Gas Phase Kinetics Database
• Options:
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Condensed phase thermochemistry data

Go To: Top, Reaction thermochemistry data, Gas phase ion energetics data, References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Reaction thermochemistry data

Go To: Top, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Gas phase ion energetics data, References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
MS - José A. Martinho Simões
B - John E. Bartmess
ALS - Hussein Y. Afeefy, Joel F. Liebman, and Stephen E. Stein

Note: Please consider using the reaction search for this species. This page allows searching of all reactions involving this species. A general reaction search form is also available. Future versions of this site may rely on reaction search pages in place of the enumerated reaction displays seen below.

Reactions 1 to 50

C₈H₆MoO₃ (cr) +  (solution) =  (solution) +  (cr)

By formula: C₈H₆MoO₃ (cr) + Br₂ (solution) = HBr (solution) + C₈H₅BrMoO₃ (cr)

C₁₆H₁₀Mo₂O₆ (cr) +  (solution) = 2 (cr)

By formula: C₁₆H₁₀Mo₂O₆ (cr) + Br₂ (solution) = 2C₈H₅BrMoO₃ (cr)

 +  = ( • )

By formula: Br^- + Br₂ = (Br^- • Br₂)

 +  =

By formula: C₄H₈ + Br₂ = C₄H₈Br₂

 +  =

By formula: C₄H₈ + Br₂ = C₄H₈Br₂

 +  =

By formula: C₂H₄ + Br₂ = C₂H₄Br₂

 +  =

By formula: C₃H₆ + Br₂ = C₃H₆Br₂

 +  =  + 

By formula: HBr + C₇H₇Br = C₇H₈ + Br₂

=  + 

By formula: CBr₂O = CO + Br₂

 (l) + 3 (l) = Br₃In (cr) + 3 (g)

By formula: C₃H₉In (l) + 3Br₂ (l) = Br₃In (cr) + 3CH₃Br (g)

 (l) + 2 (l) = 2 (g) +  (cr)

By formula: C₂H₆Hg (l) + 2Br₂ (l) = 2CH₃Br (g) + Br₂Hg (cr)

 (l) +  (g) =  (l) + C₃H₉BrSn (l)

By formula: C₁₀H₁₆Sn (l) + Br₂ (g) = C₇H₇Br (l) + C₃H₉BrSn (l)

 (l) +  (g) = C₃H₉BrSn (l) +  (g)

By formula: C₄H₁₂Sn (l) + Br₂ (g) = C₃H₉BrSn (l) + CH₃Br (g)

C₈H₆MoO₃ (cr) + 2 (solution) = C₇H₅Br₃MoO₂ (solution) +  (solution) +  (solution)

By formula: C₈H₆MoO₃ (cr) + 2Br₂ (solution) = C₇H₅Br₃MoO₂ (solution) + HBr (solution) + CO (solution)

 +  =  + 

By formula: C₃H₄O₄ + Br₂ = HBr + C₃H₃BrO₄

 (l) +  (l) = 2C₃H₉BrSn (l)

By formula: C₆H₁₈Sn₂ (l) + Br₂ (l) = 2C₃H₉BrSn (l)

C₁₆H₁₀Mo₂O₆ (cr) + 3 (solution) = 2C₇H₅Br₃MoO₂ (solution) + 2 (solution)

By formula: C₁₆H₁₀Mo₂O₆ (cr) + 3Br₂ (solution) = 2C₇H₅Br₃MoO₂ (solution) + 2CO (solution)

 +  =  + 

By formula: HBr + C₃H₅BrO = C₃H₆O + Br₂

 (cr) +  (solution) = C₇H₅Br₃MoO₂ (solution) +  (solution)

By formula: C₈H₅BrMoO₃ (cr) + Br₂ (solution) = C₇H₅Br₃MoO₂ (solution) + CO (solution)

C₁₂H₇MnO₅ (cr) + 1.5 (g) =  (g) +  (cr) + 5 (g)

By formula: C₁₂H₇MnO₅ (cr) + 1.5Br₂ (g) = C₇H₇Br (g) + Br₂Mn (cr) + 5CO (g)

 +  =

By formula: Br₂ + C₈H₁₄ = C₈H₁₄Br₂

C₆F₃MnO₅ (cr) + 1.5 (g) =  (cr) + 5 (g) +  (g)

By formula: C₆F₃MnO₅ (cr) + 1.5Br₂ (g) = Br₂Mn (cr) + 5CO (g) + CBrF₃ (g)

C₇F₃MnO₆ (cr) + 1.5 (g) =  (cr) + 6 (g) +  (g)

By formula: C₇F₃MnO₆ (cr) + 1.5Br₂ (g) = Br₂Mn (cr) + 6CO (g) + CBrF₃ (g)

 +  =

By formula: C₆H₁₀ + Br₂ = C₆H₁₀Br₂

 +  =

By formula: C₇H₁₂ + Br₂ = C₇H₁₂Br₂

 +  = C₇H₁₄Br₂

By formula: C₇H₁₄ + Br₂ = C₇H₁₄Br₂

 +  =

By formula: C₅H₈ + Br₂ = C₅H₈Br₂

 (cr) + 1.5 (g) =  (cr) + 5 (g) +  (g)

By formula: C₆H₃MnO₅ (cr) + 1.5Br₂ (g) = Br₂Mn (cr) + 5CO (g) + CH₃Br (g)

 (cr) + 1.5 (g) =  (cr) + 6 (g) +  (g)

By formula: C₇H₃MnO₆ (cr) + 1.5Br₂ (g) = Br₂Mn (cr) + 6CO (g) + CH₃Br (g)

 + 0.5 =  + 0.5

By formula: C₇H₇Br + 0.5H₂ = C₇H₈ + 0.5Br₂

C₁₀H₂₂Mg (cr) +  (g) +  (l) = 2 (l) + Br₂Mg (cr)

By formula: C₁₀H₂₂Mg (cr) + H₂ (g) + Br₂ (l) = 2C₅H₁₂ (l) + Br₂Mg (cr)

 +  =

By formula: C₂F₄ + Br₂ = C₂Br₂F₄

2 +  =  + 2

By formula: 2C₆H₅Br + Br₂Hg = C₁₂H₁₀Hg + 2Br₂

 (cr) + 2 (g) = 2 (cr) + 10 (g)

By formula: C₁₀Mn₂O₁₀ (cr) + 2Br₂ (g) = 2Br₂Mn (cr) + 10CO (g)

 + 2 = 2 + 

By formula: H₂ + 2CH₃Br = 2CH₄ + Br₂

 +  =

By formula: C₄H₈ + Br₂ = C₄H₈Br₂

 +  =

By formula: C₅H₁₀ + Br₂ = C₅H₁₀Br₂

 +  =  + 

By formula: C₅H₆O₄ + Br₂ = C₅H₆O₄ + Br₂

 +  =

By formula: Br₂ + C₂ClF₃ = C₂Br₂ClF₃

Br₃^- +  = (Br₃^- • )

By formula: Br₃^- + Br₂ = (Br₃^- • Br₂)

 (cr) + 0.5 (g) =  (cr) + 5 (g)

By formula: C₅BrMnO₅ (cr) + 0.5Br₂ (g) = Br₂Mn (cr) + 5CO (g)

 + 2 = 2 + 

By formula: H₂ + 2C₂H₅Br = 2C₂H₆ + Br₂

 +  =  + 

By formula: CHCl₃ + Br₂ = HBr + CBrCl₃

 +  =  + 

By formula: CH₂F₂ + Br₂ = HBr + CHBrF₂

 +  =  + 

By formula: CCl₄ + Br₂ = BrCl + CBrCl₃

 +  =  + 

By formula: CHF₃ + Br₂ = HBr + CBrF₃

 +  =  + 

By formula: CHBr₃ + Br₂ = HBr + CBr₄

 +  =  + 

By formula: HBr + CBrF₃ = CHF₃ + Br₂

 +  =  + 

By formula: CH₄ + Br₂ = HBr + CH₃Br

=  + 

By formula: C₄H₈Br₂ = C₄H₈ + Br₂

Gas phase ion energetics data

Go To: Top, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Reaction thermochemistry data, References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data evaluated as indicated in comments:
L - Sharon G. Lias

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
B - John E. Bartmess
LL - Sharon G. Lias and Joel F. Liebman
LBLHLM - Sharon G. Lias, John E. Bartmess, Joel F. Liebman, John L. Holmes, Rhoda D. Levin, and W. Gary Mallard
LLK - Sharon G. Lias, Rhoda D. Levin, and Sherif A. Kafafi
RDSH - Henry M. Rosenstock, Keith Draxl, Bruce W. Steiner, and John T. Herron

View reactions leading to Br₂⁺ (ion structure unspecified)

Electron affinity determinations

Ionization energy determinations

Appearance energy determinations

Anion protonation reactions

 +  =

By formula: Br^- + H⁺ = HBr

References

Go To: Top, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

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Lister, M.W., Heats of organic reactions. X. Heats of bromination of cyclic olefins, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1941, 63, 143-149. [all data]

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Cox, J.D.; Pilcher, G., Thermochemistry of Organic and Organometallic Compounds, Academic Press, New York, 1970, 1-636. [all data]

Benson and Buss, 1957
Benson, S.W.; Buss, J.H., The thermodynamics of bromination of toluene and the heat of formation of the benzyl radical, J. Phys. Chem., 1957, 61, 104-109. [all data]

Dunning and Pritchard, 1972
Dunning, B.K.; Pritchard, H.O., The enthalpy of formation of bromophosgene, J. Chem. Thermodyn., 1972, 4, 213-218. [all data]

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Hartley, K.; Pritchard, H.O.; Skinner, H.A., Thermochemistry of metallic alkyls. III.?mercury dimethyl and mercury methyl halides, Trans. Faraday Soc., 1950, 46, 1019, https://doi.org/10.1039/tf9504601019 . [all data]

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Pedley, J.B.; Skinner, H.A., Thermochemistry of metallic alkyls. Part 9.?Heats of bromination of some organo-tin compounds, Trans. Faraday Soc., 1959, 55, 544, https://doi.org/10.1039/tf9595500544 . [all data]

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Jwo, J-J.; Huang, C-Y.; Chang, E-F.; Wu, R.R., Kinetic study of the bromine-catalyzed isomerization of methyl- and chloro-maleic acids in aqueous Ce(IV)-Br- -H₂SO₄ medium, J. Chin. Chem. Soc. (Taipei), 1987, 34, 247-256. [all data]

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Mendenhall, G.D.; Golden, D.M.; Benson, S.W., Thermochemistry of the bromination of carbon tetrachloride and the heat of formation of carbon tetrachloride, J. Phys. Chem., 1973, 77, 2707-2709. [all data]

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Sunner, S.; Wulff, C.A., The enthalpy of formation of 1,1-dibromo-2-methylpropane, J. Chem. Thermodyn., 1974, 6, 287-292. [all data]

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Watanabe, 1957
Watanabe, K., Ionization potentials of some molecules, J. Chem. Phys., 1957, 26, 542. [all data]

Blondel, Cacciani, et al., 1989
Blondel, C.; Cacciani, P.; Delsart, C.; Trainham, R., High Resolution Determination of the Electron Affinity of Fluorine and Bromine using Crossed Ion and Laser Beams, Phys. Rev. A, 1989, 40, 7, 3698, https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevA.40.3698 . [all data]

Taft and Bordwell, 1988
Taft, R.W.; Bordwell, F.G., Structural and Solvent Effects Evaluated from Acidities Measured in Dimethyl Sulfoxide and in the Gas Phase, Acc. Chem. Res., 1988, 21, 12, 463, https://doi.org/10.1021/ar00156a005 . [all data]

Notes

Go To: Top, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Gas phase ion energetics data, References

• Symbols used in this document:
  

  AE	Appearance energy
  EA	Electron affinity
  IE (evaluated)	Recommended ionization energy
  S°liquid	Entropy of liquid at standard conditions
  ΔrG°	Free energy of reaction at standard conditions
  ΔrH°	Enthalpy of reaction at standard conditions

• Data from NIST Standard Reference Database 69: NIST Chemistry WebBook
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