Nitrogen

• Formula: N₂
• Molecular weight: 28.0134
• IUPAC Standard InChI: InChI=1S/N2/c1-2 Copy

  
• IUPAC Standard InChIKey: IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copy
• CAS Registry Number: 7727-37-9
• Chemical structure:
  This structure is also available as a 2d Mol file or as a computed 3d SD file
  The 3d structure may be viewed using Java or Javascript.
• Other names: Nitrogen gas; N2; UN 1066; UN 1977; Dinitrogen; Molecular nitrogen; Diatomic nitrogen; Nitrogen-14
• Permanent link for this species. Use this link for bookmarking this species for future reference.
• Information on this page:
  • Reaction thermochemistry data (reactions 1 to 50)
  • Gas phase ion energetics data
  • References
  • Notes
• Other data available:
  • Gas phase thermochemistry data
  • Phase change data
  • Reaction thermochemistry data: reactions 51 to 100, reactions 101 to 150, reactions 151 to 156
  • Henry's Law data
  • Ion clustering data
  • Mass spectrum (electron ionization)
  • Constants of diatomic molecules
  • Fluid Properties
• Data at other public NIST sites:
  • Electron-Impact Ionization Cross Sections (on physics web site)
  • Gas Phase Kinetics Database
• Options:
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Reaction thermochemistry data

Go To: Top, Gas phase ion energetics data, References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
M - Michael M. Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Sharon G. Lias
MS - José A. Martinho Simões
B - John E. Bartmess
ALS - Hussein Y. Afeefy, Joel F. Liebman, and Stephen E. Stein

Note: Please consider using the reaction search for this species. This page allows searching of all reactions involving this species. A general reaction search form is also available. Future versions of this site may rely on reaction search pages in place of the enumerated reaction displays seen below.

Reactions 1 to 50

 +  = ( • )

By formula: NO^- + N₂ = (NO^- • N₂)

Free energy of reaction

 +  = ( • )

By formula: N₂⁺ + N₂ = (N₂⁺ • N₂)

 +  = ( • )

By formula: O₂⁺ + N₂ = (O₂⁺ • N₂)

Free energy of reaction

(HN₂⁺ • 4) +  = (HN₂⁺ • 5)

By formula: (HN₂⁺ • 4N₂) + N₂ = (HN₂⁺ • 5N₂)

Free energy of reaction

( • 7 • ) +  = ( • 8 • )

By formula: (O₂^- • 7N₂ • O₂) + N₂ = (O₂^- • 8N₂ • O₂)

( • 2) +  = ( • 3)

By formula: (O₂⁺ • 2N₂) + N₂ = (O₂⁺ • 3N₂)

( • ) +  = ( • 2)

By formula: (O₂⁺ • N₂) + N₂ = (O₂⁺ • 2N₂)

( • ) +  = ( • 2)

By formula: (NO^- • N₂) + N₂ = (NO^- • 2N₂)

C₃N₂NiO₃ (solution) = C₃NiO₃ (solution) +  (solution)

By formula: C₃N₂NiO₃ (solution) = C₃NiO₃ (solution) + N₂ (solution)

N⁺ +  = (N⁺ • )

By formula: N⁺ + N₂ = (N⁺ • N₂)

Enthalpy of reaction

 +  = ( • )

By formula: Cu⁺ + N₂ = (Cu⁺ • N₂)

(HN₂⁺ • 2) +  = (HN₂⁺ • 3)

By formula: (HN₂⁺ • 2N₂) + N₂ = (HN₂⁺ • 3N₂)

(HN₂⁺ • 3) +  = (HN₂⁺ • 4)

By formula: (HN₂⁺ • 3N₂) + N₂ = (HN₂⁺ • 4N₂)

(HN₂⁺ • ) +  = (HN₂⁺ • 2)

By formula: (HN₂⁺ • N₂) + N₂ = (HN₂⁺ • 2N₂)

 +  = ( • )

By formula: Na⁺ + N₂ = (Na⁺ • N₂)

Free energy of reaction

HN₂⁺ +  = (HN₂⁺ • )

By formula: HN₂⁺ + N₂ = (HN₂⁺ • N₂)

C₃₉H₆₆N₂O₃P₂W (solution) +  (g) = C₃₉H₆₈O₃P₂W (solution) +  (g)

By formula: C₃₉H₆₆N₂O₃P₂W (solution) + H₂ (g) = C₃₉H₆₈O₃P₂W (solution) + N₂ (g)

C₃₉H₆₆MoO₃P₃ (solution) +  (g) = C₃₉H₆₆MoN₂O₃P₂ (solution)

By formula: C₃₉H₆₆MoO₃P₃ (solution) + N₂ (g) = C₃₉H₆₆MoN₂O₃P₂ (solution)

( • 2 • 3) +  = ( • 3 • 3)

By formula: (H₃O⁺ • 2N₂ • 3H₂O) + N₂ = (H₃O⁺ • 3N₂ • 3H₂O)

( • 4) +  = ( • 5)

By formula: (O₂⁺ • 4N₂) + N₂ = (O₂⁺ • 5N₂)

Free energy of reaction

( • 2) +  = ( • 3)

By formula: (NO^- • 2N₂) + N₂ = (NO^- • 3N₂)

Free energy of reaction

( • 3) +  = ( • 4)

By formula: (NO^- • 3N₂) + N₂ = (NO^- • 4N₂)

Free energy of reaction

( • 3) +  = ( • 4)

By formula: (O₂⁺ • 3N₂) + N₂ = (O₂⁺ • 4N₂)

Free energy of reaction

( • 3 • 2) +  = ( • 4 • 2)

By formula: (H₃O⁺ • 3N₂ • 2H₂O) + N₂ = (H₃O⁺ • 4N₂ • 2H₂O)

( • 9) +  = ( • 10)

By formula: (NO^- • 9N₂) + N₂ = (NO^- • 10N₂)

(HN₂⁺ • 10) +  = (HN₂⁺ • 11)

By formula: (HN₂⁺ • 10N₂) + N₂ = (HN₂⁺ • 11N₂)

O₃^- +  = (O₃^- • )

By formula: O₃^- + N₂ = (O₃^- • N₂)

(C₂H₅⁺ • ) +  = (C₂H₅⁺ • 2)

By formula: (C₂H₅⁺ • N₂) + N₂ = (C₂H₅⁺ • 2N₂)

( • ) +  = ( • 2)

By formula: (N₂⁺ • N₂) + N₂ = (N₂⁺ • 2N₂)

( • ) +  = ( •  • )

By formula: (O₂⁺ • O₂) + N₂ = (O₂⁺ • N₂ • O₂)

( • ) +  = ( • 2)

By formula: (Na⁺ • N₂) + N₂ = (Na⁺ • 2N₂)

Free energy of reaction

(CH₂N⁺ • 2) +  = (CH₂N⁺ • 3)

By formula: (CH₂N⁺ • 2N₂) + N₂ = (CH₂N⁺ • 3N₂)

(CH₂N⁺ • 3) +  = (CH₂N⁺ • 4)

By formula: (CH₂N⁺ • 3N₂) + N₂ = (CH₂N⁺ • 4N₂)

(CH₂N⁺ • 4) +  = (CH₂N⁺ • 5)

By formula: (CH₂N⁺ • 4N₂) + N₂ = (CH₂N⁺ • 5N₂)

 + 0.5 =  +  + 0.5

By formula: C₄H₄BrNO₂ + 0.5H₄N₂ = HBr + C₄H₅NO₂ + 0.5N₂

 +  = ( • )

By formula: O₂^- + N₂ = (O₂^- • N₂)

C₁₂H₃₄P₄Ru (solution) +  (solution) = C₁₂H₃₂N₂P₄Ru (solution) +  (solution)

By formula: C₁₂H₃₄P₄Ru (solution) + N₂ (solution) = C₁₂H₃₂N₂P₄Ru (solution) + H₂ (solution)

( • 2 • 2) +  = ( • 3 • 2)

By formula: (H₃O⁺ • 2N₂ • 2H₂O) + N₂ = (H₃O⁺ • 3N₂ • 2H₂O)

 (solution) +  (solution) = C₈H₅N₂O₃V (solution) +  (solution)

By formula: C₉H₅O₄V (solution) + N₂ (solution) = C₈H₅N₂O₃V (solution) + CO (solution)

( • 2 • ) +  = ( • 3 • )

By formula: (O₂^- • 2N₂ • O₂) + N₂ = (O₂^- • 3N₂ • O₂)

( • 3 • ) +  = ( • 4 • )

By formula: (O₂^- • 3N₂ • O₂) + N₂ = (O₂^- • 4N₂ • O₂)

( • 4 • ) +  = ( • 5 • )

By formula: (O₂^- • 4N₂ • O₂) + N₂ = (O₂^- • 5N₂ • O₂)

( • 5 • ) +  = ( • 6 • )

By formula: (O₂^- • 5N₂ • O₂) + N₂ = (O₂^- • 6N₂ • O₂)

( • 6 • ) +  = ( • 7 • )

By formula: (O₂^- • 6N₂ • O₂) + N₂ = (O₂^- • 7N₂ • O₂)

( •  • ) +  = ( • 2 • )

By formula: (O₂^- • N₂ • O₂) + N₂ = (O₂^- • 2N₂ • O₂)

( • 2 • ) +  = ( • 3 • )

By formula: (H₃O⁺ • 2N₂ • H₂O) + N₂ = (H₃O⁺ • 3N₂ • H₂O)

( •  • 2) +  = ( • 2 • 2)

By formula: (H₃O⁺ • N₂ • 2H₂O) + N₂ = (H₃O⁺ • 2N₂ • 2H₂O)

( •  • 3) +  = ( • 2 • 3)

By formula: (H₃O⁺ • N₂ • 3H₂O) + N₂ = (H₃O⁺ • 2N₂ • 3H₂O)

( • 10) +  = ( • 11)

By formula: (O₂⁺ • 10N₂) + N₂ = (O₂⁺ • 11N₂)

( • 10) +  = ( • 11)

By formula: (N₂⁺ • 10N₂) + N₂ = (N₂⁺ • 11N₂)

Gas phase ion energetics data

Go To: Top, Reaction thermochemistry data, References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data evaluated as indicated in comments:
HL - Edward P. Hunter and Sharon G. Lias
L - Sharon G. Lias

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
LL - Sharon G. Lias and Joel F. Liebman
LBLHLM - Sharon G. Lias, John E. Bartmess, Joel F. Liebman, John L. Holmes, Rhoda D. Levin, and W. Gary Mallard
LLK - Sharon G. Lias, Rhoda D. Levin, and Sherif A. Kafafi
RDSH - Henry M. Rosenstock, Keith Draxl, Bruce W. Steiner, and John T. Herron

View reactions leading to N₂⁺ (ion structure unspecified)

Ionization energy determinations

Appearance energy determinations

References

Go To: Top, Reaction thermochemistry data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Hiraoka and Yamabe, 1989
Hiraoka, K.; Yamabe, S., How are Nitrogen Molecules Bound to NO2+ and NO+?, J. Chem. Phys., 1989, 90, 6, 3268, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.455880 . [all data]

Gheno and Fitaire, 1987
Gheno, F.; Fitaire, M., Association of N2 with NH4+ and H3O+(H2O)n, n = 1,2,3, J. Chem. Phys., 1987, 87, 2, 953, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.453250 . [all data]

Speller, Fitaire, et al., 1983
Speller, C.V.; Fitaire, M.; Pointu, A.M., Three - Body Association Reactions of NO+ and O2+ with N2, J. Chem. Phys., 1983, 79, 5, 2190, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.446067 . [all data]

Turner and Conway, 1976
Turner, D.L.; Conway, D.C., Stability of the NO+.N2 Ion Cluster, J. Chem. Phys., 1976, 65, 10, 3944, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.432887 . [all data]

Johnsen, Huang, et al., 1975
Johnsen, R.; Huang, C.M.; Biondi, M.A., The Formation and Breakup of NO2+.N2 Clusters in N2 at Low Temperatures, J. Chem. Phys., 1975, 63, 8, 3374, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.431751 . [all data]

Keesee and Castleman, 1986
Keesee, R.G.; Castleman, A.W., Jr., Thermochemical data on Ggs-phase ion-molecule association and clustering reactions, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 1986, 15, 1011. [all data]

Dunkin, Fehsenfeld, et al., 1971
Dunkin, D.B.; Fehsenfeld, F.C.; Schelmetekopf, A.L.; Ferguson, E.E., Three-Body Association Reactions of NO+ with O2, N2, and CO2, J. Chem. Phys., 1971, 54, 9, 3817, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1675432 . [all data]

Hiraoka and Nakajima, 1988
Hiraoka, K.; Nakajima, G., A Determination of the Stabilities of N2+(N2)n and O2+(N2)n with n = 1 - 11 from Measurements of the Gas - Phase Ion Equilibria, J. Chem. Phys., 1988, 88, 12, 7709, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.454285 . [all data]

Teng and Conway, 1973
Teng, H.H.; Conway, D.C., Ion - Molecule Equilibria in Mixtures of N2 and Ar, J. Chem. Phys., 1973, 59, 5, 2316, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1680338 . [all data]

Payzant and Kebarle, 1970
Payzant, J.D.; Kebarle, P., Clustering Equilibrium N2+ + 2N2 = N4+ + N2 and the Bond Dissociation Energy of N4+, J. Chem. Phys., 1970, 53, 12, 4723, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1674010 . [all data]

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Speller and Fitaire, 1983
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Janik, G.S.; Conway, D.C., Bonding in Heteromolecular Ion Clusters. N2O2+, J. Phys. Chem., 1967, 71, 4, 823, https://doi.org/10.1021/j100863a007 . [all data]

Howard, Bierbaum, et al., 1972
Howard, C.J.; Bierbaum, V.M.; Rundle, H.W.; Kaufman, F., Kinetics and Mechanism of Formation of Water Cluster Ions from O2+ and H2O+, J. Chem. Phys., 1972, 57, 8, 3491, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1678783 . [all data]

Hiraoka and Mori, 1989
Hiraoka, K.; Mori, T., Gas Phase Stabilities of the Cluster Ions H+(CO)2(CO)n, H+(N2)2(N2)n and H+(O2)2(O2)n with n = 1 - 14, Chem. Phys., 1989, 137, 1-3, 345, https://doi.org/10.1016/0301-0104(89)87119-8 . [all data]

Hiraoka, Saluja, et al., 1979
Hiraoka, K.; Saluja, P.P.S.; Kebarle, P., Stabilities of Complexes (N2)nH+, (CO)nH+ and (O2)nH+ for n = 1 to 7 Based on Gas Phase Ion Equilibrium Measurements, Can. J. Chem., 1979, 57, 16, 2159, https://doi.org/10.1139/v79-346 . [all data]

Hiraoka, 1988
Hiraoka, K., Determination of the Stabilities of O₃^-(N₂)n, O₃^-(O₂)n, and O₄^-(N₂)n from Measurements of the Gas Phase Equilibria, Chem. Phys., 1988, 125, 2-3, 439, https://doi.org/10.1016/0301-0104(88)87096-4 . [all data]

Turner, Simpson, et al., 1983
Turner, J.J.; Simpson, M.B.; Poliakoff, M.; Maier II, W.B., J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1983, 105, 3898. [all data]

National Bureau of Standards, 1968
National Bureau of Standards, US, Technical Note 270 - 3 in The NBS Tables of Chemical Thermodynamic Properties, 1968. [all data]

Saporoschenko, 1965
Saporoschenko, M., Mobility of Mass Analyzed N+, N2+, N3+, and N4+ Ions in Nitrogen Gas, Phys. Rev. A, 1965, 139, 352. [all data]

Franklin, Dibeler, et al., 1958
Franklin, J.L.; Dibeler, V.H.; Reese, R.M.; Krauss, M., Ionization and dissociation of hydrazoic acid and methyl azide by electron impact, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1958, 80, 298. [all data]

Haynes, Freysinger, et al., 1995
Haynes, C.L.; Freysinger, W.; Armentrout, P.B., Collision-induced dissociation of N₃⁺(X³-) with Ne, Ar, Kr, and Xe, Int. J. Mass Spectrom. Ion Processes, 1995, 149/150, 267. [all data]

El-Shall, Schriver, et al., 1989
El-Shall, M.S.; Schriver, K.E.; Whetten, R.L.; Meot-Ner (Mautner), M., Ion/Molecule Clustering Thermochemistry by Laser Ionization High - Pressure Mass Spectrometry, J. Phys. Chem., 1989, 93, 24, 7969, https://doi.org/10.1021/j100361a002 . [all data]

Perry, Rowe, et al., 1980
Perry, R.A.; Rowe, B.R.; Viggiano, A.A.; Albritton, D.L.; Ferguson, E.E.; Fehsenfeld, F.C., Laboratory Measurements of Stratospheric Sodium Ion Measurements, Geophys. Res. Lett., 1980, 7, 9, 693, https://doi.org/10.1029/GL007i009p00693 . [all data]

Beyer and Keller, 1971
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Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Field, 1974
Meot-Ner (Mautner), M.; Field, F.H., Kinetics and Thermodynamics of the Association of CO+ with CO and of N2+ with N2 between 120 and 650 K, J. Chem. Phys., 1974, 61, 9, 3742, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1682560 . [all data]

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Gonzalez, A.A.; Hoff, C.D., Inorg. Chem., 1989, 28, 4295. [all data]

Speller, 1983
Speller, C.V., Ph. D. Thesis, Universite de Paris Sud, 1983. [all data]

Linn, Ono, et al., 1981
Linn, S.H.; Ono, Y.; Ng, C.Y., Molecular Beam Photoionization Study of CO, N2, and NO Dimers and Clusters, J. Chem. Phys., 1981, 74, 6, 3342, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.441486 . [all data]

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Posey and Johnson, 1988
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Adams, N.G.; Bohme, D., Flowing Afterglow Studies of Formation and Reactions of Cluster Ions of O₂⁺, O₂^-, and O^-, J. Chem. Phys., 1970, 52, 6, 3133, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1673449 . [all data]

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Johnson, Popov, et al., 1991
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Hunter, E.P.; Lias, S.G., Evaluated Gas Phase Basicities and Proton Affinities of Molecules: An Update, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 1998, 27, 3, 413-656, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.556018 . [all data]

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Trickl, T.; Cromwell, E.F.; Lee, Y.T.; Kung, A.H., State-selective ionization of nitrogen in the X₂ =0 and v =1 states by two-color (1+1) photon excitation near threshold, J. Chem. Phys., 1989, 91, 6006. [all data]

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Natalis, 1973
Natalis, P., Contribution a la spectroscopie photoelectronique. Effets de l'autoionisation dans less spectres photoelectroniques de molecules diatomiques et triatomiques, Acad. R. Belg. Mem. Cl. Sci. Collect. 8, 1973, 41, 1. [all data]

Hotop and Niehaus, 1970
Hotop, H.; Niehaus, A., Reactions of excited atoms and molecules with atoms and molecules. V.Comparison of Penning electron and photoelectron spectra of H₂, N₂ and CO, Intern. J. Mass Spectrom. Ion Phys., 1970, 5, 415. [all data]

Cermak, 1968
Cermak, V., Penning ionization electron spectroscopy. I. Determination of ionization potentials of polyatomic molecules, Collection Czech. Chem. Commun., 1968, 33, 2739. [all data]

Cook and Metzger, 1964
Cook, G.R.; Metzger, P.H., Photoionization and absorption cross sections of O₂ and N₂ in the 600- to 1000-A region, J. Chem. Phys., 1964, 41, 321. [all data]

Ogawa and Tanaka, 1962
Ogawa, M.; Tanaka, Y., Rydberg absorption series of N₂, Can. J. Phys., 1962, 40, 1593. [all data]

Worley, 1943
Worley, R.E., Absorption spectrum of N₂ in the extreme ultraviolet, Phys. Rev., 1943, 64, 207. [all data]

Worley and Jenkins, 1938
Worley, R.E.; Jenkins, F.A., A new Rydberg series in N₂, Phys. Rev., 1938, 54, 305. [all data]

Potts and Williams, 1974
Potts, A.W.; Williams, T.A., The observation of "forbidden" transitions in He II photoelectron spectra, J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom., 1974, 3, 3. [all data]

Katrib, Debies, et al., 1973
Katrib, A.; Debies, T.P.; Colton, R.J.; Lee, T.H.; Rabalais, J.W., The use of differential photoionization cross sections as a function of excitation energy in assigning photoelectron spectra, Chem. Phys. Lett., 1973, 22, 196. [all data]

Locht, Schopman, et al., 1975
Locht, R.; Schopman, J.; Wankenne, H.; Momigny, J., The dissociative ionization of nitrogen, Chem. Phys., 1975, 7, 393. [all data]

Smyth, Schiavone, et al., 1973
Smyth, K.C.; Schiavone, J.A.; Freund, R.S., Dissociative excitation of N₂ by electron impact: Translational spectroscopy of long-lived high- Rydberg fragment atoms, J. Chem. Phys., 1973, 59, 5225. [all data]

Crowe and McConkey, 1973
Crowe, A.; McConkey, J.W., Dissociative ionization by electron impact II. N⁺ N⁺⁺ from N₂, J. Phys. B:, 1973, 6, 2108. [all data]

Hierl and Franklin, 1967
Hierl, P.M.; Franklin, J.L., Appearance potentials and kinetic energies of ions from N₂, CO, and NO, J. Chem. Phys., 1967, 47, 3154. [all data]

Frost and McDowell, 1956
Frost, D.C.; McDowell, C.A., The dissociation energy of the nitrogen molecule, Proc. Roy. Soc. (London), 1956, A236, 278. [all data]

Notes

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• Symbols used in this document:
  

  AE	Appearance energy
  IE (evaluated)	Recommended ionization energy
  T	Temperature
  ΔrG°	Free energy of reaction at standard conditions
  ΔrH°	Enthalpy of reaction at standard conditions
  ΔrS°	Entropy of reaction at standard conditions

• Data from NIST Standard Reference Database 69: NIST Chemistry WebBook
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