Pentane

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Condensed phase thermochemistry data

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
ALS - Hussein Y. Afeefy, Joel F. Liebman, and Stephen E. Stein
DH - Eugene S. Domalski and Elizabeth D. Hearing

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δfliquid-41.47 ± 0.14kcal/molCcbGood, 1970ALS
Δfliquid-41.36 ± 0.16kcal/molCcbProsen and Rossini, 1945ALS
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δcliquid-838.68 ± 0.11kcal/molCcbGood, 1970Corresponding Δfliquid = -41.47 kcal/mol (simple calculation by NIST; no Washburn corrections); ALS
Δcliquid-838.80 ± 0.14kcal/molCcbProsen and Rossini, 1945Corresponding Δfliquid = -41.35 kcal/mol (simple calculation by NIST; no Washburn corrections); ALS
Δcliquid-838.71 ± 0.18kcal/molCcbProsen and Rossini, 1944Corresponding Δfliquid = -41.44 kcal/mol (simple calculation by NIST; no Washburn corrections); ALS
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
liquid62.971cal/mol*KN/AMesserly, Guthrie, et al., 1967DH
liquid62.780cal/mol*KN/AMesserly and Kennedy, 1940DH
liquid62.00cal/mol*KN/AParks and Huffman, 1930Extrapolation below 90 K, 56.61 J/mol*K.; DH

Constant pressure heat capacity of liquid

Cp,liquid (cal/mol*K) Temperature (K) Reference Comment
40.30298.Grigor'ev, Rastorguev, et al., 1975T = 300 to 463 K.; DH
39.959298.15Messerly, Guthrie, et al., 1967T = 12 to 300 K.; DH
40.151290.Messerly and Kennedy, 1940T = 12 to 290 K.; DH
39.01290.0Parks and Huffman, 1930T = 93 to 290 K. Value is unsmoothed experimental datum.; DH

Reaction thermochemistry data

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
ALS - Hussein Y. Afeefy, Joel F. Liebman, and Stephen E. Stein
MS - José A. Martinho Simões

Note: Please consider using the reaction search for this species. This page allows searching of all reactions involving this species. A general reaction search form is also available. Future versions of this site may rely on reaction search pages in place of the enumerated reaction displays seen below.

Individual Reactions

1-Pentene + Hydrogen = Pentane

By formula: C5H10 + H2 = C5H12

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr-30.27 ± 0.58kcal/molChydMolnar, Rachford, et al., 1984liquid phase; solvent: Dioxane; ALS
Δr-29.87 ± 0.42kcal/molChydMolnar, Rachford, et al., 1984liquid phase; solvent: Hexane; ALS
Δr-29.30 ± 0.57kcal/molChydRogers and Skanupong, 1974liquid phase; solvent: Hexane; ALS
Δr-28.5 ± 0.3kcal/molChydRogers and McLafferty, 1971liquid phase; solvent: Hydrocarbon; ALS

C10H12CrO5 (solution) = Pentane (solution) + C5CrO5 (solution)

By formula: C10H12CrO5 (solution) = C5H12 (solution) + C5CrO5 (solution)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr8.91kcal/molN/AMorse, Parker, et al., 1989solvent: Pentane; The reaction enthalpy was derived by using the LPHP value for the enthalpy of cleavage of Cr-CO bond in Cr(CO)6, 36.81 kcal/mol Lewis, Golden, et al., 1984, toghether with a PAC value for the reaction Cr(CO)6(solution) + n-C5H12(solution) = Cr(CO)5(n-C5H12)(solution) + CO(solution), 27.89 kcal/mol Morse, Parker, et al., 1989; MS

Pentane (solution) + Chromium hexacarbonyl (solution) = C10H12CrO5 (solution) + Carbon monoxide (solution)

By formula: C5H12 (solution) + C6CrO6 (solution) = C10H12CrO5 (solution) + CO (solution)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr27.9 ± 2.5kcal/molPACMorse, Parker, et al., 1989solvent: Pentane; The reaction enthalpy relies on 0.67 for the quantum yield of CO dissociation; MS

3Hydrogen + 3-Penten-1-yne, (Z)- = Pentane

By formula: 3H2 + C5H6 = C5H12

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr-96.8 ± 0.1kcal/molChydRoth, Adamczak, et al., 1991liquid phase; ALS
Δr-95.6 ± 1.1kcal/molChydSkinner and Snelson, 1959liquid phase; solvent: Acetic acid; ALS

3Hydrogen + 3-Penten-1-yne, (E)- = Pentane

By formula: 3H2 + C5H6 = C5H12

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr-97.0 ± 0.3kcal/molChydRoth, Adamczak, et al., 1991liquid phase; ALS
Δr-96.0 ± 0.4kcal/molChydSkinner and Snelson, 1959liquid phase; solvent: Acetic acid; ALS

2Hydrogen + 1,4-Pentadiene = Pentane

By formula: 2H2 + C5H8 = C5H12

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr-60.22 ± 0.15kcal/molChydKistiakowsky, Ruhoff, et al., 1936gas phase; Reanalyzed by Cox and Pilcher, 1970, Original value = -60.79 ± 0.15 kcal/mol; At 355 °K; ALS

Phenol (solution) + C5H11BrMg (solution) = C6H5BrMgO (solution) + Pentane (solution)

By formula: C6H6O (solution) + C5H11BrMg (solution) = C6H5BrMgO (solution) + C5H12 (solution)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr-48.4 ± 1.0kcal/molRSCHolm, 1983solvent: Diethyl ether; MS

C5H11BrMg (solution) + Hydrogen bromide (g) = Pentane (solution) + Br2Mg (solution)

By formula: C5H11BrMg (solution) + HBr (g) = C5H12 (solution) + Br2Mg (solution)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr-73.21 ± 0.53kcal/molRSCHolm, 1981solvent: Diethyl ether; MS

Ethanol (solution) + C5H11BrMg (solution) = C2H5BrMgO (solution) + Pentane (solution)

By formula: C2H6O (solution) + C5H11BrMg (solution) = C2H5BrMgO (solution) + C5H12 (solution)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr-47.7 ± 1.0kcal/molRSCHolm, 1983solvent: Diethyl ether; MS

C5H11BrMg (solution) + Methylamine (solution) = CH4BrMgN (solution) + Pentane (solution)

By formula: C5H11BrMg (solution) + CH5N (solution) = CH4BrMgN (solution) + C5H12 (solution)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr-31.19 ± 0.60kcal/molRSCHolm, 1983solvent: Diethyl ether; MS

2Hydrogen + Cyclopropane,ethenyl- = Pentane

By formula: 2H2 + C5H8 = C5H12

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr-65.5 ± 0.2kcal/molChydRoth, Kirmse, et al., 1982liquid phase; solvent: Isooctane; ALS

C5O5W (g) + Pentane (g) = C10H12O5W (g)

By formula: C5O5W (g) + C5H12 (g) = C10H12O5W (g)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr-10.6 ± 3.0kcal/molEqGBrown, Ishikawa, et al., 1990Temperature range: ca. 300-350 K; MS

C5H11BrMg (solution) + Methane (solution) = Pentane (solution) + CH3BrMg (solution)

By formula: C5H11BrMg (solution) + CH4 (solution) = C5H12 (solution) + CH3BrMg (solution)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr-3.6 ± 1.0kcal/molRSCHolm, 1983solvent: Diethyl ether; MS

Propanedinitrile (solution) + C5H11BrMg (solution) = C3HBrMgN2 (solution) + Pentane (solution)

By formula: C3H2N2 (solution) + C5H11BrMg (solution) = C3HBrMgN2 (solution) + C5H12 (solution)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr-48.59kcal/molRSCHolm, 1983solvent: Diethyl ether; MS

Diphenylamine (solution) + C5H11BrMg (solution) = C12H10BrMgN (solution) + Pentane (solution)

By formula: C12H11N (solution) + C5H11BrMg (solution) = C12H10BrMgN (solution) + C5H12 (solution)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr-28.39kcal/molRSCHolm, 1983solvent: Diethyl ether; MS

C5H11BrMg (solution) + Trifluoroacetic acid (solution) = C2BrF3MgO2 (solution) + Pentane (solution)

By formula: C5H11BrMg (solution) + C2HF3O2 (solution) = C2BrF3MgO2 (solution) + C5H12 (solution)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr-65.39kcal/molRSCHolm, 1983solvent: Diethyl ether; MS

C5H11BrMg (solution) + Phenol, pentafluoro- (solution) = C6BrF5MgO (cr) + Pentane (solution)

By formula: C5H11BrMg (solution) + C6HF5O (solution) = C6BrF5MgO (cr) + C5H12 (solution)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr-55.90kcal/molRSCHolm, 1983solvent: Diethyl ether; MS

C5H11BrMg (solution) + Ethanol, 2,2,2-trifluoro- (solution) = C2H2BrF3MgO (solution) + Pentane (solution)

By formula: C5H11BrMg (solution) + C2H3F3O (solution) = C2H2BrF3MgO (solution) + C5H12 (solution)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr-47.71kcal/molRSCHolm, 1983solvent: Diethyl ether; MS

Methyl Alcohol (solution) + C5H11BrMg (solution) = CH3BrMgO (cr) + Pentane (solution)

By formula: CH4O (solution) + C5H11BrMg (solution) = CH3BrMgO (cr) + C5H12 (solution)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr-52.51kcal/molRSCHolm, 1983solvent: Diethyl ether; MS

2Hydrogen + 1,3-Pentadiene = Pentane

By formula: 2H2 + C5H8 = C5H12

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr-54.11 ± 0.15kcal/molChydDolliver, Gresham, et al., 1937gas phase; At 355 °K; ALS

Pentane = Butane, 2-methyl-

By formula: C5H12 = C5H12

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr-1.861kcal/molEqkPines, Kvetinskas, et al., 1945gas phase; Heat of isomerization; ALS

Hydrogen + 2-Pentene, (Z)- = Pentane

By formula: H2 + C5H10 = C5H12

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr-28.1 ± 0.2kcal/molChydEgger and Benson, 1966gas phase; ALS

Hydrogen + 2-Pentene, (E)- = Pentane

By formula: H2 + C5H10 = C5H12

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr-27.2 ± 0.2kcal/molChydEgger and Benson, 1966gas phase; ALS

Gas phase ion energetics data

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data evaluated as indicated in comments:
L - Sharon G. Lias

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
LL - Sharon G. Lias and Joel F. Liebman
LBLHLM - Sharon G. Lias, John E. Bartmess, Joel F. Liebman, John L. Holmes, Rhoda D. Levin, and W. Gary Mallard
LLK - Sharon G. Lias, Rhoda D. Levin, and Sherif A. Kafafi
RDSH - Henry M. Rosenstock, Keith Draxl, Bruce W. Steiner, and John T. Herron

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
IE (evaluated)10.28 ± 0.10eVN/AN/AL

Ionization energy determinations

IE (eV) Method Reference Comment
10.37PITraeger, Hudson, et al., 1996T = 0K; LL
10.43ESTLuo and Pacey, 1992LL
10.22 ± 0.05EIHolmes and Lossing, 1991LL
10.28 ± 0.10EVALLias, 1982LBLHLM
10.18 ± 0.15EQMautner(Meot-Ner), Sieck, et al., 1981LLK
10.93PEKimura, Katsumata, et al., 1981LLK
10.2 ± 0.1PEBieri, Burger, et al., 1977LLK
10.50EQLias, Ausloos, et al., 1976LLK
10.36PEIkuta, Yoshihara, et al., 1973LLK
10.59 ± 0.05EIFlesch and Svec, 1973LLK
10.37PEDewar and Worley, 1969RDSH
10.35PIWatanabe, Nakayama, et al., 1962RDSH
10.9 ± 0.1PEBieri, Burger, et al., 1977Vertical value; LLK

Appearance energy determinations

Ion AE (eV) Other Products MethodReferenceComment
C3H6+11.02C2H6PITraeger, Hudson, et al., 1996T = 0K; LL
C3H6+10.99 ± 0.02C2H6PISteiner, Giese, et al., 1961RDSH
C3H7+11.13C2H5PITraeger, Hudson, et al., 1996T = 0K; LL
C3H7+11.11 ± 0.05C2H5PISteiner, Giese, et al., 1961RDSH
C4H8+11.05CH4PITraeger, Hudson, et al., 1996T = 0K; LL
C4H8+11.00CH4EIWolkoff and Holmes, 1978LLK
C4H8+10.93 ± 0.03CH4PISteiner, Giese, et al., 1961RDSH
C4H9+11.10CH3PITraeger, Hudson, et al., 1996T = 0K; LL
C4H9+11.0 ± 0.1CH3EIBurgers and Holmes, 1982LBLHLM
C4H9+10.98 ± 0.05CH3EILossing and Semeluk, 1970RDSH
C4H9+11.06 ± 0.07CH3PISteiner, Giese, et al., 1961RDSH

References

Go To: Top, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Good, 1970
Good, W.D., The enthalpies of combustion and formation of the isomeric pentanes, J. Chem. Thermodyn., 1970, 2, 237-244. [all data]

Prosen and Rossini, 1945
Prosen, E.J.; Rossini, F.D., Heats of combustion and formation of the paraffin hydrocarbons at 25° C, J. Res. NBS, 1945, 263-267. [all data]

Prosen and Rossini, 1944
Prosen, E.J.; Rossini, F.D., Heats of combustion of eight normal paraffin hydrocarbons in the liquid state, J. Res. NBS, 1944, 33, 255-272. [all data]

Messerly, Guthrie, et al., 1967
Messerly, J.F.; Guthrie, G.B.; Todd, S.S.; Finke, H.L., Low-temperature thermal data for n-pentane, n-heptadecane, and n-octadecane, J. Chem. Eng. Data, 1967, 12, 338-346. [all data]

Messerly and Kennedy, 1940
Messerly, G.H.; Kennedy, R.M., The heat capacity and entropy, heats of fusion and vaporization and the vapor pressure of n-pentane, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1940, 62, 2988-2991. [all data]

Parks and Huffman, 1930
Parks, G.S.; Huffman, H.M., Thermal data on organic compounds. IX. A study of the effect of unsaturation on the heat capacities, entropies and free energies of some hydrocarbons and other compounds, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1930, 52, 4381-4391. [all data]

Grigor'ev, Rastorguev, et al., 1975
Grigor'ev, B.A.; Rastorguev, Yu.L.; Yanin, G.S., Experimental determination of the isobaric specific heat of n-alkanes, Iz. Vyssh. Uchebn. Zaved. Neft Gaz 18, 1975, No.10, 63-66. [all data]

Molnar, Rachford, et al., 1984
Molnar, A.; Rachford, R.; Smith, G.V.; Liu, R., Heats of hydrogenation by a simple and rapid flow calorimetric method, Appl. Catal., 1984, 9, 219-223. [all data]

Rogers and Skanupong, 1974
Rogers, D.W.; Skanupong, S., Heats of hydrogenation of sixteen terminal monoolefins. The alternating effect, J. Phys. Chem., 1974, 78, 2569-2572. [all data]

Rogers and McLafferty, 1971
Rogers, D.W.; McLafferty, F.J., A new hydrogen calorimeter. Heats of hydrogenation of allyl and vinyl unsaturation adjacent to a ring, Tetrahedron, 1971, 27, 3765-3775. [all data]

Morse, Parker, et al., 1989
Morse, J.M., Jr.; Parker, G.H.; Burkey, T.J., Organometallics, 1989, 8, 2471. [all data]

Lewis, Golden, et al., 1984
Lewis, K.E.; Golden, D.M.; Smith, G.P., Organometallic bond dissociation energies: Laser pyrolysis of Fe(CO)5, Cr(CO)6, Mo(CO)6, and W(CO)6, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1984, 106, 3905. [all data]

Roth, Adamczak, et al., 1991
Roth, W.R.; Adamczak, O.; Breuckmann, R.; Lennartz, H.-W.; Boese, R., Die Berechnung von Resonanzenergien; das MM2ERW-Kraftfeld, Chem. Ber., 1991, 124, 2499-2521. [all data]

Skinner and Snelson, 1959
Skinner, H.A.; Snelson, A., Heats of hydrogenation Part 3., Trans. Faraday Soc., 1959, 55, 405-407. [all data]

Kistiakowsky, Ruhoff, et al., 1936
Kistiakowsky, G.B.; Ruhoff, J.R.; Smith, H.A.; Vaughan, W.E., Heats of organic reactions. IV. Hydrogenation of some dienes and of benzene, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1936, 58, 146-153. [all data]

Cox and Pilcher, 1970
Cox, J.D.; Pilcher, G., Thermochemistry of Organic and Organometallic Compounds, Academic Press, New York, 1970, 1-636. [all data]

Holm, 1983
Holm, T., Acta Chem. Scand. B, 1983, 37, 797. [all data]

Holm, 1981
Holm, T., J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. II, 1981, 464.. [all data]

Roth, Kirmse, et al., 1982
Roth, W.R.; Kirmse, W.; Hoffmann, W.; Lennartz, H.W., Heats of hydrogenation. III. Effect of fluoro substituents on the thermal rearrangement of cyclopropane systems, Chem. Ber., 1982, 115, 2508-2515. [all data]

Brown, Ishikawa, et al., 1990
Brown, C.E.; Ishikawa, Y.; Hackett, P.A.; Rayner, D.M., J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1990, 112, 2530. [all data]

Dolliver, Gresham, et al., 1937
Dolliver, M.a.; Gresham, T.L.; Kistiakowsky, G.B.; Vaughan, W.E., Heats of organic reactions. V. Heats of hydrogenation of various hydrocarbons, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1937, 59, 831-841. [all data]

Pines, Kvetinskas, et al., 1945
Pines, H.; Kvetinskas, B.; Kassel, L.S.; Ipatieff, V.N., Determination of equilibrium constants for butanes and pentanes, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1945, 67, 631-637. [all data]

Egger and Benson, 1966
Egger, K.W.; Benson, S.W., Nitric oxide and iodine catalyzed isomerization of olefins. VI. Thermodynamic data from equilibrium studies of the geometrical and positional isomerization of n-pentenes, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1966, 88, 236-240. [all data]

Traeger, Hudson, et al., 1996
Traeger, J.C.; Hudson, C.E.; McAdoo, D.J., A photoionization study of the ion-neutral complexes [CH3CH+CH3CH2CH3] and [CH3CH2CH+CH3CH3] in the gas phase: Formation, H-transfer and C-C bond formation between partners, and channeling of energy into dissociation, J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom., 1996, 7, 73. [all data]

Luo and Pacey, 1992
Luo, Y.-R.; Pacey, P.D., Effects of alkyl substitution on ionization energies of alkanes and haloalkanes and on heats of formation of their molecular cations. Part 2. Alkanes and chloro-, bromo- and iodoalkanes, Int. J. Mass Spectrom. Ion Processes, 1992, 112, 63. [all data]

Holmes and Lossing, 1991
Holmes, J.L.; Lossing, F.P., Ionization energies of homologous organic compounds and correlation with molecular size, Org. Mass Spectrom., 1991, 26, 537. [all data]

Lias, 1982
Lias, S.G., Thermochemical information from ion-molecule rate constants, Ion Cyclotron Reson. Spectrom. 1982, 1982, 409. [all data]

Mautner(Meot-Ner), Sieck, et al., 1981
Mautner(Meot-Ner), M.; Sieck, L.W.; Ausloos, P., Ionization of normal alkanes: Enthalpy, entropy, structural, and isotope effects, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1981, 103, 5342. [all data]

Kimura, Katsumata, et al., 1981
Kimura, K.; Katsumata, S.; Achiba, Y.; Yamazaki, T.; Iwata, S., Ionization energies, Ab initio assignments, and valence electronic structure for 200 molecules in Handbook of HeI Photoelectron Spectra of Fundamental Organic Compounds, Japan Scientific Soc. Press, Tokyo, 1981. [all data]

Bieri, Burger, et al., 1977
Bieri, G.; Burger, F.; Heilbronner, E.; Maier, J.P., Valence ionization enrgies of hydrocarbons, Helv. Chim. Acta, 1977, 60, 2213. [all data]

Lias, Ausloos, et al., 1976
Lias, S.G.; Ausloos, P.; Horvath, Z., Charge transfer reactions in alkane and cycloalkane systems. Estimated ionization potentials, Int. J. Chem. Kinet., 1976, 8, 725. [all data]

Ikuta, Yoshihara, et al., 1973
Ikuta, S.; Yoshihara, K.; Shiokawa, T.; Jinno, M.; Yokoyama, Y.; Ikeda, S., Photoelectron spectroscopy of cyclohexane, cyclopentane, and some related compounds, Chem. Lett., 1973, 1237. [all data]

Flesch and Svec, 1973
Flesch, G.D.; Svec, H.J., Fragmentation reactions in the mass spectrometer for C2-C5 alkanes, J. Chem. Soc. Faraday Trans. 2, 1973, 69, 1187. [all data]

Dewar and Worley, 1969
Dewar, M.J.S.; Worley, S.D., Photoelectron spectra of molecules. I. Ionization potentials of some organic molecules and their interpretation, J. Chem. Phys., 1969, 50, 654. [all data]

Watanabe, Nakayama, et al., 1962
Watanabe, K.; Nakayama, T.; Mottl, J., Ionization potentials of some molecules, J. Quant. Spectry. Radiative Transfer, 1962, 2, 369. [all data]

Steiner, Giese, et al., 1961
Steiner, B.; Giese, C.F.; Inghram, M.G., Photoionization of alkanes. Dissociation of excited molecular ions, J. Chem. Phys., 1961, 34, 189. [all data]

Wolkoff and Holmes, 1978
Wolkoff, P.; Holmes, J.L., Fragmentations of alkane molecular ions, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1978, 100, 7346. [all data]

Burgers and Holmes, 1982
Burgers, P.C.; Holmes, J.L., Metastable ion studies. XIII. The measurement of appearance energies of metastable peaks, Org. Mass Spectrom., 1982, 17, 123. [all data]

Lossing and Semeluk, 1970
Lossing, F.P.; Semeluk, G.P., Free radicals by mass spectrometry. XLII.Ionization potentials and ionic heats of formation for C1-C4 alkyl radicals, Can. J. Chem., 1970, 48, 955. [all data]


Notes

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