copper

• Formula: Cu
• Molecular weight: 63.546
• IUPAC Standard InChI: InChI=1S/Cu Copy

  
• IUPAC Standard InChIKey: RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copy
• CAS Registry Number: 7440-50-8
• Chemical structure:
  This structure is also available as a 2d Mol file
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• Information on this page:
  • Gas phase thermochemistry data
  • Phase change data
  • Gas phase ion energetics data
  • References
  • Notes
• Other data available:
  • Condensed phase thermochemistry data
  • Reaction thermochemistry data
• Data at other public NIST sites:
  • NIST Atomic Spectra Database - Lines Holdings (on physics web site)
  • NIST Atomic Spectra Database - Levels Holdings (on physics web site)
  • NIST Atomic Spectra Database - Ground states and ionization energies (on physics web site)
  • Gas Phase Kinetics Database
  • X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy Database, version 5.0
  • X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy Database, version 5.0
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Gas phase thermochemistry data

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Gas Phase Heat Capacity (Shomate Equation)

C_p° = A + B*t + C*t² + D*t³ + E/t²
H° − H°_298.15= A*t + B*t²/2 + C*t³/3 + D*t⁴/4 − E/t + F − H
S° = A*ln(t) + B*t + C*t²/2 + D*t³/3 − E/(2*t²) + G
    C_p = heat capacity (J/mol*K)
    H° = standard enthalpy (kJ/mol)
    S° = standard entropy (J/mol*K)
    t = temperature (K) / 1000.

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Phase change data

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled by: Thermodynamics Research Center, NIST Boulder Laboratories, Chris Muzny director

Gas phase ion energetics data

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data evaluated as indicated in comments:
HL - Edward P. Hunter and Sharon G. Lias
L - Sharon G. Lias

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
LL - Sharon G. Lias and Joel F. Liebman
LBLHLM - Sharon G. Lias, John E. Bartmess, Joel F. Liebman, John L. Holmes, Rhoda D. Levin, and W. Gary Mallard
LLK - Sharon G. Lias, Rhoda D. Levin, and Sherif A. Kafafi
RDSH - Henry M. Rosenstock, Keith Draxl, Bruce W. Steiner, and John T. Herron
B - John E. Bartmess

View reactions leading to Cu⁺ (ion structure unspecified)

Electron affinity determinations

Ionization energy determinations

References

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Cox, Wagman, et al., 1984
Cox, J.D.; Wagman, D.D.; Medvedev, V.A., CODATA Key Values for Thermodynamics, Hemisphere Publishing Corp., New York, 1984, 1. [all data]

Chase, 1998
Chase, M.W., Jr., NIST-JANAF Themochemical Tables, Fourth Edition, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, Monograph 9, 1998, 1-1951. [all data]

Anonymous, 1988
Anonymous, X., , NBS Spec. Publ. (U. S.) 260, 1988. [all data]

Hunter and Lias, 1998
Hunter, E.P.; Lias, S.G., Evaluated Gas Phase Basicities and Proton Affinities of Molecules: An Update, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 1998, 27, 3, 413-656, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.556018 . [all data]

Wu, Qin, et al., 2010
Wu, X.; Qin, Z.B.; Xie, H.; Cong, R.; Wu, X.H.; Tang, Z.C.; Fan, H.J., Photoelectron Imaging and Theoretical Studies of Group 11 Cyanides MCN (M = Cu, Ag, Au), J. Phys. Chem. A, 2010, 114, 49, 12839-12844, https://doi.org/10.1021/jp1013708 . [all data]

Bilodeau, Scheer, et al., 1998
Bilodeau, R.C.; Scheer, M.; Haugen, H.K., Infrared Laser Photodetachment of Transition Metal Negative Ions: Studies on Cr-, Mo-, Cu-, and Ag-, J. Phys. B: Atom. Mol. Opt. Phys., 1998, 31, 17, 3885-3891, https://doi.org/10.1088/0953-4075/31/17/013 . [all data]

Hotop, Bennett, et al., 1973
Hotop, H.; Bennett, R.A.; Lineberger, W.C., Electron Affinities of Cu and Ag, J. Chem. Phys., 1973, 58, 6, 2373, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1679514 . [all data]

Taylor, Pettiettehall, et al., 1992
Taylor, K.J.; Pettiettehall, C.L.; Cheshnovsky, O.; Smalley, R.E., Ultraviolet Photoelectron Spectra of Coinage Metal Clusters, J. Chem. Phys., 1992, 96, 4, 3319, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.461927 . [all data]

Leopold, Ho, et al., 1987
Leopold, D.G.; Ho, J.; Lineberger, W.C., Photoelectron Spectroscopy of Mass^-selected Metal Cluster Anions. I. Cu_n^-, n=1-10, J. Chem. Phys., 1987, 86, 4, 1715, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.452170 . [all data]

Lide, 1992
Lide, D.R. (Editor), Ionization potentials of atoms and atomic ions in Handbook of Chem. and Phys., 1992, 10-211. [all data]

Hildenbrand and Lau, 1991
Hildenbrand, D.L.; Lau, K.H., Redetermination of the thermochemistry of gaseous UF₅, UF₂, and UF, J. Chem. Phys., 1991, 94, 1420. [all data]

Sugar and Musgrove, 1990
Sugar, J.; Musgrove, A., Energy levels of copper, CuI through CuXXIX, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 1990, 19, 527. [all data]

Kelly, 1987
Kelly, R.L., Atomic and ionic spectrum lines of hydrogen through kryton, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 1987, 16. [all data]

Dyke, Fayad, et al., 1979
Dyke, J.M.; Fayad, N.K.; Morris, A.; Trickle, I.R., Gas-phase He I photoelectron spectra of some transition metals: Cu, Ag, Au, Cr and Mn, J. Phys. B:, 1979, 12, 2985. [all data]

Tondello, 1973
Tondello, G., Absorption spectrum of Cu I in the vacuum ultraviolet, J. Opt. Soc. Am., 1973, 63, 346. [all data]

Cabaud, Hoareau, et al., 1972
Cabaud, B.; Hoareau, A.; Nounou, P.; Uzan, R., Etude des processus d'ionisation a haute temperature des vapeurs metalliques par couplage d'une cellule de knudsen et d'une source fox. II. Interpretation des processus d'autoionisation des vapeurs metalliques monoatomiques et influence delatemperature sur les courbes d'efficacite d'ionisation., Int. J. Mass Spectrom. Ion Phys., 1972, 8, 181. [all data]

Moore, 1970
Moore, C.E., Ionization potentials and ionization limits derived from the analyses of optical spectra, Natl. Stand. Ref. Data Ser., (U.S. Natl. Bur. Stand.), 1970, 34, 1. [all data]

Notes

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• Symbols used in this document:
  

  EA	Electron affinity
  IE (evaluated)	Recommended ionization energy
  S°gas,1 bar	Entropy of gas at standard conditions (1 bar)
  Tfus	Fusion (melting) point
  ΔfH°gas	Enthalpy of formation of gas at standard conditions

• Data from NIST Standard Reference Database 69: NIST Chemistry WebBook
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