Toluene
- Formula: C7H8
- Molecular weight: 92.1384
- IUPAC Standard InChI: InChI=1S/C7H8/c1-7-5-3-2-4-6-7/h2-6H,1H3
- IUPAC Standard InChIKey: YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N
- CAS Registry Number: 108-88-3
- Chemical structure:
This structure is also available as a 2d Mol file or as a computed 3d SD file
The 3d structure may be viewed using Java or Javascript. - Isotopologues:
- Other names: Benzene, methyl; Methacide; Methylbenzene; Methylbenzol; Phenylmethane; Antisal 1a; Toluol; Methane, phenyl-; NCI-C07272; Tolueen; Toluen; Toluolo; Rcra waste number U220; Tolu-sol; UN 1294; Dracyl; Monomethyl benzene; CP 25; NSC 406333; methylbenzene (toluene)
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Gas phase thermochemistry data
Go To: Top, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Gas phase ion energetics data, IR Spectrum, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), UV/Visible spectrum, Gas Chromatography, References, Notes
Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Data compiled as indicated in comments:
DRB - Donald R. Burgess, Jr.
ALS - Hussein Y. Afeefy, Joel F. Liebman, and Stephen E. Stein
GT - Glushko Thermocenter, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ΔfH°gas | 50.1 ± 1.1 | kJ/mol | Review | Roux, Temprado, et al., 2008 | There are sufficient high-quality literature values to make a good evaluation with a high degree of confidence. In general, the evaluated uncertainty limits are on the order of (0.5 to 2.5) kJ/mol.; DRB |
| ΔfH°gas | 50.00 ± 0.63 | kJ/mol | Ccb | Prosen, Gilmont, et al., 1945 | Hf by Prosen, Johnson, et al., 1946; ALS |
| ΔfH°gas | 48.0 | kJ/mol | N/A | Schmidlin, 1906 | Value computed using ΔfHliquid° value of 10.0 kj/mol from Schmidlin, 1906 and ΔvapH° value of 38.0 kj/mol from Prosen, Gilmont, et al., 1945.; DRB |
Constant pressure heat capacity of gas
| Cp,gas (J/mol*K) | Temperature (K) | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|
| 69.85 | 200. | Draeger, 1985 | Recommended values agree better with experimental heat capacities than results of calculation [ Chao J., 1984]. All other statistically calculated values [ Pitzer K.S., 1943, Taylor W.J., 1946, Scott D.W., 1962] are in close agreement with selected ones, except for high temperatures.; GT |
| 94.68 | 273.15 | ||
| 103.7 ± 0.4 | 298.15 | ||
| 104.4 | 300. | ||
| 139.9 | 400. | ||
| 170.8 | 500. | ||
| 196.2 | 600. | ||
| 217.0 | 700. | ||
| 234.3 | 800. | ||
| 248.9 | 900. | ||
| 261.2 | 1000. | ||
| 271.8 | 1100. | ||
| 280.8 | 1200. | ||
| 288.5 | 1300. | ||
| 295.2 | 1400. | ||
| 301.0 | 1500. |
Constant pressure heat capacity of gas
| Cp,gas (J/mol*K) | Temperature (K) | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|
| 130.08 ± 0.26 | 371.20 | Scott D.W., 1962 | Please also see Montgomery J.B., 1942, Pitzer K.S., 1943, Taylor W.J., 1946.; GT |
| 140.2 | 390. | ||
| 137.2 ± 1.3 | 393. | ||
| 138.87 ± 0.27 | 396.20 | ||
| 146.4 | 410. | ||
| 149.16 ± 0.30 | 427.20 | ||
| 149.4 ± 1.7 | 428. | ||
| 160.33 ± 0.32 | 462.20 | ||
| 159.0 ± 1.7 | 463. | ||
| 171.46 ± 0.34 | 500.20 |
Condensed phase thermochemistry data
Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Gas phase ion energetics data, IR Spectrum, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), UV/Visible spectrum, Gas Chromatography, References, Notes
Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Data compiled as indicated in comments:
DRB - Donald R. Burgess, Jr.
ALS - Hussein Y. Afeefy, Joel F. Liebman, and Stephen E. Stein
DH - Eugene S. Domalski and Elizabeth D. Hearing
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ΔfH°liquid | 12. ± 1.1 | kJ/mol | Review | Roux, Temprado, et al., 2008 | There are sufficient high-quality literature values to make a good evaluation with a high degree of confidence. In general, the evaluated uncertainty limits are on the order of (0.5 to 2.5) kJ/mol.; DRB |
| ΔfH°liquid | 12.0 ± 0.63 | kJ/mol | Ccb | Prosen, Gilmont, et al., 1945 | Hf by Prosen, Johnson, et al., 1946; ALS |
| ΔfH°liquid | Ccb | Schmidlin, 1906 | uncertain value: 10. kJ/mol; Undetermine error; ALS | ||
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
| ΔcH°liquid | -3920. ± 20. | kJ/mol | AVG | N/A | Average of 5 out of 6 values; Individual data points |
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
| S°liquid | 220.96 | J/mol*K | N/A | Scott, Guthrie, et al., 1962 | DH |
| S°liquid | 219.2 | J/mol*K | N/A | Kelley, 1929 | DH |
Constant pressure heat capacity of liquid
| Cp,liquid (J/mol*K) | Temperature (K) | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|
| 157.09 | 298.15 | Grolier, Roux-Desgranges, et al., 1993 | DH |
| 155.96 | 298.15 | Shiohama, Ogawa, et al., 1988 | DH |
| 159.9 | 303.15 | Reddy, 1986 | T = 303.15, 313.15 K.; DH |
| 157.08 | 298.15 | Roux-Dexgranges, Grolier, et al., 1986 | DH |
| 158.70 | 298.15 | Tardajos, Aicart, et al., 1986 | DH |
| 158.7 | 298.15 | Stephens and Olson, 1984 | T = 266 to 318 K. Cp given as 0.4117 cal g-1 C-1.; DH |
| 157.0 | 298.15 | Grolier, Inglese, et al., 1982 | DH |
| 157.15 | 298.15 | Wilhelm, Faradjzadeh, et al., 1982 | DH |
| 156.0 | 293.15 | Atalla, El-Sharkawy, et al., 1981 | DH |
| 157.0 | 294.71 | Andolenko and Grigor'ev, 1979 | T = 293 to 373 K. Unsoothed experimental datum given as 1.704 KJ/kg*K.; DH |
| 157.057 | 298.15 | Fortier and Benson, 1979 | DH |
| 157.081 | 298.15 | Fortier and Benson, 1977 | DH |
| 156.94 | 298.15 | Wilhelm, Grolier, et al., 1977 | DH |
| 157.026 | 298.15 | Fortier and Benson, 1976 | DH |
| 156.99 | 298.15 | Holzhauer and Ziegler, 1975 | T = 165 to 312 K. Cp = 187.43814 - 0.73026493T + 0.0029613602T2 - 2.8661704x10-6T3 J/mol*K.; DH |
| 158.4 | 298.15 | Pedersen, Kay, et al., 1975 | T = 298 to 348 K. Cp(liq) = 154.73 + 0.0981(T/K-273.15) + 0.001949(T/K-273.15)2 J/mol*K (298 to 348 K).; DH |
| 156.8 | 298.15 | Rajagopal and Subrahmanyam, 1974 | T = 298.15 to 323.15 K.; DH |
| 156.5 | 298. | Deshpande and Bhatagadde, 1971 | T = 298 to 318 K.; DH |
| 158.6 | 293. | Rastorguev and Ganiev, 1967 | T = 293 to 373 K.; DH |
| 157.33 | 298.711 | Hwa and Ziegler, 1966 | T = 181 to 304 K. Unsmoothed experimental datum.; DH |
| 157.23 | 298.15 | Scott, Guthrie, et al., 1962 | T = 10 to 360 K.; DH |
| 166.9 | 324. | Swietoslawski and Zielenkiewicz, 1958 | Mean value 21 to 81 C.; DH |
| 140. | 295. | Tschamler, 1948 | DH |
| 158.6 | 298. | Kurbatov, 1947 | T = -76 to 60 C, mean Cp, four temperatures.; DH |
| 156.9 | 298.1 | Zhdanov, 1941 | T = 5 to 47 C.; DH |
| 157.07 | 298.2 | Burlew, 1940 | T = 281 to 383 K.; DH |
| 156.5 | 298. | Vold, 1937 | DH |
| 142.7 | 227.8 | Aoyama and Kanda, 1935 | T = 78 to 228 K. Value is unsmoothed experimental datum.; DH |
| 156.5 | 298.1 | Richards and Wallace, 1932 | T = 293 to 333 K.; DH |
| 161.9 | 298.15 | Smith and Andrews, 1931 | T = 102 to 299 K. Value is unsmoothed experimental datum.; DH |
| 153.09 | 28.444 | Kelley, 1929 | T = 14 to 284 K. Value is unsmoothed experimental datum.; DH |
| 151.0 | 293.2 | Williams and Daniels, 1925 | T = 20 to 60 C.; DH |
| 153.6 | 303. | Willams and Daniels, 1924 | T = 303 to 343 K. Equation only.; DH |
| 158.2 | 298. | von Reis, 1881 | T = 292 to 390 K.; DH |
Phase change data
Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Gas phase ion energetics data, IR Spectrum, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), UV/Visible spectrum, Gas Chromatography, References, Notes
Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Data compiled as indicated in comments:
TRC - Thermodynamics Research Center, NIST Boulder Laboratories, Chris Muzny director
BS - Robert L. Brown and Stephen E. Stein
DH - Eugene S. Domalski and Elizabeth D. Hearing
DRB - Donald R. Burgess, Jr.
ALS - Hussein Y. Afeefy, Joel F. Liebman, and Stephen E. Stein
AC - William E. Acree, Jr., James S. Chickos
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tboil | 383.8 ± 0.2 | K | AVG | N/A | Average of 110 out of 132 values; Individual data points |
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
| Tfus | 178.1 ± 0.6 | K | AVG | N/A | Average of 24 out of 25 values; Individual data points |
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
| Ttriple | 178.15 | K | N/A | Scott, Guthrie, et al., 1962, 2 | Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.05 K; TRC |
| Ttriple | 178.00 | K | N/A | Ziegler and Andrews, 1942 | Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.2 K; TRC |
| Ttriple | 177.9 | K | N/A | Stull, 1937 | Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.2 K; TRC |
| Ttriple | 177.95 | K | N/A | Kelley, 1929, 2 | Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.02 K; TRC |
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
| Tc | 593. ± 2. | K | AVG | N/A | Average of 20 values; Individual data points |
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
| Pc | 41. ± 1. | bar | AVG | N/A | Average of 11 values; Individual data points |
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
| Vc | 0.316 | l/mol | N/A | Tsonopoulos and Ambrose, 1995 | |
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
| ρc | 3.17 ± 0.010 | mol/l | N/A | Tsonopoulos and Ambrose, 1995 | |
| ρc | 3.16 | mol/l | N/A | Chirico and Steele, 1994 | Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.04 mol/l; TRC |
| ρc | 3.15 | mol/l | N/A | Goodwin, 1989 | Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.05 mol/l; TRC |
| ρc | 3.16 | mol/l | N/A | Steele, Chirico, et al., 1988 | Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.05 mol/l; TRC |
| ρc | 3.162 | mol/l | N/A | Simon, 1957 | Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.05 mol/l; TRC |
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
| ΔvapH° | 37. ± 3. | kJ/mol | AVG | N/A | Average of 9 values; Individual data points |
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
| ΔsubH° | 43.1 | kJ/mol | B | Lenchitz and Velicky, 1970 | AC |
Reduced pressure boiling point
| Tboil (K) | Pressure (bar) | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|
| 287.7 | 0.020 | Weast and Grasselli, 1989 | BS |
Enthalpy of vaporization
| ΔvapH (kJ/mol) | Temperature (K) | Method | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 33.18 | 383.8 | N/A | Majer and Svoboda, 1985 | |
| 35.7 | 346. | N/A | Lee and Holder, 1993 | Based on data from 331. to 496. K.; AC |
| 40.6 | 264. | A | Stephenson and Malanowski, 1987 | Based on data from 210. to 279. K.; AC |
| 34.4 | 398. | A | Stephenson and Malanowski, 1987 | Based on data from 383. to 445. K.; AC |
| 33.2 | 455. | A | Stephenson and Malanowski, 1987 | Based on data from 440. to 531. K.; AC |
| 33.3 | 545. | A | Stephenson and Malanowski, 1987 | Based on data from 530. to 592. K.; AC |
| 38.9 | 284. | A | Stephenson and Malanowski, 1987 | Based on data from 273. to 295. K.; AC |
| 37.0 | 323. | N/A | Stephenson and Malanowski, 1987 | Based on data from 308. to 386. K. See also Forziati, Norris, et al., 1949.; AC |
| 33.5 ± 0.1 | 380. | C | Natarajan and Viswanath, 1985 | AC |
| 32.1 ± 0.1 | 403. | C | Natarajan and Viswanath, 1985 | AC |
| 29.4 ± 0.1 | 441. | C | Natarajan and Viswanath, 1985 | AC |
| 27.1 ± 0.1 | 470. | C | Natarajan and Viswanath, 1985 | AC |
| 24.0 ± 0.1 | 505. | C | Natarajan and Viswanath, 1985 | AC |
| 35.4 | 333. | N/A | Eubank, Cediel, et al., 1984 | AC |
| 33.4 | 373. | N/A | Eubank, Cediel, et al., 1984 | AC |
| 31.4 | 413. | N/A | Eubank, Cediel, et al., 1984 | AC |
| 28.4 | 453. | N/A | Eubank, Cediel, et al., 1984 | AC |
| 24.0 | 493. | N/A | Eubank, Cediel, et al., 1984 | AC |
| 35.4 | 360. | N/A | Rivenq, 1975 | Based on data from 343. to 383. K.; AC |
| 37.3 | 318. | N/A | Gaw and Swinton, 1968 | Based on data from 303. to 343. K.; AC |
| 36.9 | 303. | N/A | Van Ness, Soczek, et al., 1967 | Based on data from 288. to 348. K.; AC |
| 35.65 | 341.27 | V | Scott, Gutherie, et al., 1962 | low T and vapor flow calorimetry; ALS |
| 37.8 | 278. | N/A | Milazzo, 1956 | Based on data from 210. to 293. K.; AC |
| 37.8 | 301. | N/A | Thomson, 1946 | Based on data from 286. to 362. K.; AC |
| 37.0 | 323. | MM | Willingham, Taylor, et al., 1945 | Based on data from 308. to 384. K.; AC |
| 38.8 | 288. | N/A | Pitzer and Scott, 1943 | Based on data from 273. to 323. K.; AC |
Enthalpy of vaporization
ΔvapH =
A exp(-βTr) (1 − Tr)β
ΔvapH =
Enthalpy of vaporization (at saturation pressure)
(kJ/mol)
Tr = reduced temperature (T / Tc)
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| Temperature (K) | A (kJ/mol) | β | Tc (K) | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 298. to 410. | 53.09 | 0.2774 | 591.7 | Majer and Svoboda, 1985 |
Antoine Equation Parameters
log10(P) = A − (B / (T + C))
P = vapor pressure (bar)
T = temperature (K)
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| Temperature (K) | A | B | C | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 273.13 to 297.89 | 4.23679 | 1426.448 | -45.957 | Besley and Bottomley, 1974 | Coefficents calculated by NIST from author's data. |
| 303. to 343. | 4.08245 | 1346.382 | -53.508 | Gaw and Swinton, 1968, 2 | Coefficents calculated by NIST from author's data. |
| 420.00 to 580.00 | 4.54436 | 1738.123 | 0.394 | Ambrose, Broderick, et al., 1967 | Coefficents calculated by NIST from author's data. |
| 308.52 to 384.66 | 4.07827 | 1343.943 | -53.773 | Williamham, Taylor, et al., 1945 | |
| 273. to 323. | 4.14157 | 1377.578 | -50.507 | Pitzer and Scott, 1943 | Coefficents calculated by NIST from author's data. |
Enthalpy of fusion
| ΔfusH (kJ/mol) | Temperature (K) | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|
| 6.636 | 178.15 | Scott, Guthrie, et al., 1962 | DH |
| 6.619 | 177.95 | Kelley, 1929 | DH |
| 6.548 | 178.0 | Ziegler and Andrews, 1942, 2 | DH |
| 6.61 | 178. | Domalski and Hearing, 1996 | See also Southard and Andrews, 1930.; AC |
Entropy of fusion
| ΔfusS (J/mol*K) | Temperature (K) | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|
| 37.25 | 178.15 | Scott, Guthrie, et al., 1962 | DH |
| 37.20 | 177.95 | Kelley, 1929 | DH |
| 36.79 | 178.0 | Ziegler and Andrews, 1942, 2 | DH |
Reaction thermochemistry data
Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Gas phase ion energetics data, IR Spectrum, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), UV/Visible spectrum, Gas Chromatography, References, Notes
Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Data compiled as indicated in comments:
B - John E. Bartmess
M - Michael M. Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Sharon G. Lias
ALS - Hussein Y. Afeefy, Joel F. Liebman, and Stephen E. Stein
RCD - Robert C. Dunbar
Note: Please consider using the reaction search for this species. This page allows searching of all reactions involving this species. A general reaction search form is also available. Future versions of this site may rely on reaction search pages in place of the enumerated reaction displays seen below.
Individual Reactions
C7H7- + =
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ΔrH° | 1599.7 ± 1.9 | kJ/mol | D-EA | Gunion, Gilles, et al., 1992 | gas phase; Kim, Wenthold, et al., 1999, with LN2 cooling of the ion, gives the same EA; B |
| ΔrH° | 1593. ± 8.8 | kJ/mol | G+TS | Bartmess, Scott, et al., 1979 | gas phase; value altered from reference due to change in acidity scale; B |
| ΔrH° | 1587. ± 8.8 | kJ/mol | G+TS | Gal, Decouzon, et al., 2001 | gas phase; B |
| ΔrH° | 1577. ± 15. | kJ/mol | CIDT | Graul and Squires, 1990 | gas phase; B |
| ΔrH° | 1609. ± 30. | kJ/mol | G+TS | Bohme and Young, 1971 | gas phase; B |
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
| ΔrG° | 1564. ± 8.4 | kJ/mol | IMRE | Bartmess, Scott, et al., 1979 | gas phase; value altered from reference due to change in acidity scale; B |
| ΔrG° | 1557. ± 8.4 | kJ/mol | IMRE | Gal, Decouzon, et al., 2001 | gas phase; B |
| ΔrG° | 1579. ± 29. | kJ/mol | IMRB | Bohme and Young, 1971 | gas phase; B |
By formula: C3H9Si+ + C7H8 = (C3H9Si+ • C7H8)
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ΔrH° | 119. | kJ/mol | PHPMS | Stone and Stone, 1991 | gas phase; forms pi complex; M |
| ΔrH° | 131. | kJ/mol | PHPMS | Stone and Stone, 1991 | gas phase; toluene D8, forms pi complex; M |
| ΔrH° | 111. | kJ/mol | PHPMS | Wojtyniak and Stone, 1986 | gas phase; switching reaction,Thermochemical ladder((CH3)3Si+)C6H6, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M |
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
| ΔrS° | 146. | J/mol*K | N/A | Wojtyniak and Stone, 1986 | gas phase; switching reaction,Thermochemical ladder((CH3)3Si+)C6H6, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M |
Free energy of reaction
| ΔrG° (kJ/mol) | T (K) | Method | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 43.1 | 468. | PHPMS | Wojtyniak and Stone, 1986 | gas phase; switching reaction,Thermochemical ladder((CH3)3Si+)C6H6, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M |
+
= (
•
)
By formula: Br- + C7H8 = (Br- • C7H8)
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ΔrH° | 36. ± 7.5 | kJ/mol | IMRE | Paul and Kebarle, 1991 | gas phase; ΔGaff measured at 303 K, corrected to 423 K, ΔSaff taken as that of PhNO2..Br-; B,M |
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
| ΔrS° | 84. | J/mol*K | N/A | Paul and Kebarle, 1991 | gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M |
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
| ΔrG° | 0.4 ± 4.2 | kJ/mol | IMRE | Paul and Kebarle, 1991 | gas phase; ΔGaff measured at 303 K, corrected to 423 K, ΔSaff taken as that of PhNO2..Br-; B |
Free energy of reaction
| ΔrG° (kJ/mol) | T (K) | Method | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0.4 | 423. | PHPMS | Paul and Kebarle, 1991 | gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M |
By formula: C4H9+ + C7H8 = (C4H9+ • C7H8)
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ΔrH° | 120. | kJ/mol | PHPMS | Stone and Stone, 1991 | gas phase; toluene D8, forms protonated t-butyltoluene; M |
| ΔrH° | 122. | kJ/mol | PHPMS | Stone and Stone, 1991 | gas phase; forms protomated t-butyltoluene; M |
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
| ΔrS° | 228. | J/mol*K | PHPMS | Stone and Stone, 1991 | gas phase; toluene D8, forms protonated t-butyltoluene; M |
| ΔrS° | 228. | J/mol*K | PHPMS | Stone and Stone, 1991 | gas phase; forms protomated t-butyltoluene; M |
By formula: C7H8+ + C7H8 = (C7H8+ • C7H8)
Bond type: Charge transfer bond (positive ion)
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ΔrH° | 60.7 | kJ/mol | MPI | Ernstberger, Krause, et al., 1990 | gas phase; M |
| ΔrH° | 23. | kJ/mol | PI | Ruhl, Bisling, et al., 1986 | gas phase; from vIP of perpendicular dimer; M |
| ΔrH° | 66.9 | kJ/mol | PHPMS | Meot-Ner (Mautner), Hamlet, et al., 1978 | gas phase; M |
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
| ΔrS° | 120. | J/mol*K | PHPMS | Meot-Ner (Mautner), Hamlet, et al., 1978 | gas phase; M |
By formula: C6H7N+ + C7H8 = (C6H7N+ • C7H8)
Bond type: Charge transfer bond (positive ion)
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ΔrH° | 57.3 | kJ/mol | PHPMS | Meot-Ner (Mautner) and El-Shall, 1986 | gas phase; M |
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
| ΔrS° | 109. | J/mol*K | PHPMS | Meot-Ner (Mautner) and El-Shall, 1986 | gas phase; M |
By formula: C9H12+ + C7H8 = (C9H12+ • C7H8)
Bond type: Charge transfer bond (positive ion)
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ΔrH° | 50.2 | kJ/mol | PHPMS | Meot-Ner (Mautner), Hamlet, et al., 1978 | gas phase; M |
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
| ΔrS° | 110. | J/mol*K | PHPMS | Meot-Ner (Mautner), Hamlet, et al., 1978 | gas phase; M |
+
= (
•
)
By formula: NO- + C7H8 = (NO- • C7H8)
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ΔrH° | 185. | kJ/mol | ICR | Reents and Freiser, 1981 | gas phase; switching reaction,Thermochemical ladder(NO+)C2H5OH, Entropy change calculated or estimated; Farid and McMahon, 1978; M |
+
=
+
By formula: HBr + C7H7Br = C7H8 + Br2
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ΔrH° | 33.9 ± 4.2 | kJ/mol | Eqk | Benson and Buss, 1957 | gas phase; Reanalyzed by Cox and Pilcher, 1970, Original value = 33. ± 4. kJ/mol; ALS |
+
= (
•
)
By formula: Cl- + C7H8 = (Cl- • C7H8)
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ΔrG° | 16.7 | kJ/mol | TDEq | French, Ikuta, et al., 1982 | gas phase; B |
Free energy of reaction
| ΔrG° (kJ/mol) | T (K) | Method | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 17. | 300. | PHPMS | French, Ikuta, et al., 1982 | gas phase; M |
+
=
+
By formula: HI + C7H7I = C7H8 + I2
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ΔrH° | -33. ± 4.6 | kJ/mol | Cm | Graham, Nichol, et al., 1955 | liquid phase; solvent: p-Xylene; ALS |
+ 0.5
=
+ 0.5
By formula: C7H7Br + 0.5H2 = C7H8 + 0.5Br2
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ΔrH° | -4. ± 2. | kJ/mol | Chyd | Ashcroft, Carson, et al., 1963 | liquid phase; ALS |
+
= (
•
)
By formula: I- + C7H8 = (I- • C7H8)
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ΔrH° | 46.0 ± 4.2 | kJ/mol | TDAs | Caldwell, Masucci, et al., 1989 | gas phase; B,M |
=
By formula: C7H8 = C7H8
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ΔrH° | -100. ± 10. | kJ/mol | Cm | Bartmess and Griffith, 1990 | gas phase; Gas phase acidity; ALS |
=
+ 0.5
By formula: C7H7I = C7H8 + 0.5I2
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ΔrH° | -41. ± 2. | kJ/mol | Chyd | Ashcroft, Carson, et al., 1963 | liquid phase; ALS |
( •
) +
= (
• 2
)
By formula: (Li+ • C7H8) + C7H8 = (Li+ • 2C7H8)
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ΔrH° | 116. ± 3. | kJ/mol | CIDT | Amunugama and Rodgers, 2002 | RCD |
( •
) +
= (
• 2
)
By formula: (Na+ • C7H8) + C7H8 = (Na+ • 2C7H8)
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ΔrH° | 87. ± 2. | kJ/mol | CIDT | Amunugama and Rodgers, 2002 | RCD |
( •
) +
= (
• 2
)
By formula: (Cs+ • C7H8) + C7H8 = (Cs+ • 2C7H8)
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ΔrH° | 61.5 ± 4.2 | kJ/mol | CIDT | Amunugama and Rodgers, 2002 | RCD |
( •
) +
= (
• 2
)
By formula: (Rb+ • C7H8) + C7H8 = (Rb+ • 2C7H8)
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ΔrH° | 67.8 ± 4.2 | kJ/mol | CIDT | Amunugama and Rodgers, 2002 | RCD |
( •
) +
= (
• 2
)
By formula: (K+ • C7H8) + C7H8 = (K+ • 2C7H8)
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ΔrH° | 74.9 ± 4.6 | kJ/mol | CIDT | Amunugama and Rodgers, 2002 | RCD |
( •
) +
= (
• 2
)
By formula: (Cr+ • C7H8) + C7H8 = (Cr+ • 2C7H8)
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ΔrH° | 222. ± 38. | kJ/mol | RAK | Lin and Dunbar, 1997 | RCD |
+
=
+
By formula: C10H14 + C6H6 = C7H8 + C9H12
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ΔrH° | 0.0 ± 0.6 | kJ/mol | Eqk | Tsvetkov, Rozhnov, et al., 1985 | liquid phase; ALS |
+
= (
•
)
By formula: Li+ + C7H8 = (Li+ • C7H8)
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ΔrH° | 183. ± 17. | kJ/mol | CIDT | Amunugama and Rodgers, 2002 | RCD |
+
= (
•
)
By formula: Na+ + C7H8 = (Na+ • C7H8)
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ΔrH° | 112. ± 3. | kJ/mol | CIDT | Amunugama and Rodgers, 2002 | RCD |
+
= (
•
)
By formula: Cs+ + C7H8 = (Cs+ • C7H8)
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ΔrH° | 64.0 ± 4.6 | kJ/mol | CIDT | Amunugama and Rodgers, 2002 | RCD |
+
= (
•
)
By formula: Rb+ + C7H8 = (Rb+ • C7H8)
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ΔrH° | 71.1 ± 4.2 | kJ/mol | CIDT | Amunugama and Rodgers, 2002 | RCD |
+
= (
•
)
By formula: K+ + C7H8 = (K+ • C7H8)
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ΔrH° | 79.9 ± 5.0 | kJ/mol | CIDT | Amunugama and Rodgers, 2002 | RCD |
+
= (
•
)
By formula: Cr+ + C7H8 = (Cr+ • C7H8)
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ΔrH° | 176. ± 14. | kJ/mol | RAK | Lin and Dunbar, 1997 | RCD |
Gas phase ion energetics data
Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, IR Spectrum, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), UV/Visible spectrum, Gas Chromatography, References, Notes
Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Data evaluated as indicated in comments:
HL - Edward P. Hunter and Sharon G. Lias
L - Sharon G. Lias
Data compiled as indicated in comments:
B - John E. Bartmess
MM - Michael M. Meot-Ner (Mautner)
LL - Sharon G. Lias and Joel F. Liebman
LBLHLM - Sharon G. Lias, John E. Bartmess, Joel F. Liebman, John L. Holmes, Rhoda D. Levin, and W. Gary Mallard
LLK - Sharon G. Lias, Rhoda D. Levin, and Sherif A. Kafafi
RDSH - Henry M. Rosenstock, Keith Draxl, Bruce W. Steiner, and John T. Herron
View reactions leading to C7H8+ (ion structure unspecified)
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| IE (evaluated) | 8.828 ± 0.001 | eV | N/A | N/A | L |
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
| Proton affinity (review) | 784.0 | kJ/mol | N/A | Hunter and Lias, 1998 | HL |
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
| Gas basicity | 756.3 | kJ/mol | N/A | Hunter and Lias, 1998 | HL |
Proton affinity at 298K
| Proton affinity (kJ/mol) | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|
| 782.4 | Aue, Guidoni, et al., 2000 | Experimental literature data re-evaluated by the authors using ab initio protonation entropies; MM |
Gas basicity at 298K
| Gas basicity (review) (kJ/mol) | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|
| 753.5 | Aue, Guidoni, et al., 2000 | Experimental literature data re-evaluated by the authors using ab initio protonation entropies; MM |
Ionization energy determinations
Appearance energy determinations
De-protonation reactions
C7H7- + =
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ΔrH° | 1599.7 ± 1.9 | kJ/mol | D-EA | Gunion, Gilles, et al., 1992 | gas phase; Kim, Wenthold, et al., 1999, with LN2 cooling of the ion, gives the same EA; B |
| ΔrH° | 1593. ± 8.8 | kJ/mol | G+TS | Bartmess, Scott, et al., 1979 | gas phase; value altered from reference due to change in acidity scale; B |
| ΔrH° | 1587. ± 8.8 | kJ/mol | G+TS | Gal, Decouzon, et al., 2001 | gas phase; B |
| ΔrH° | 1577. ± 15. | kJ/mol | CIDT | Graul and Squires, 1990 | gas phase; B |
| ΔrH° | 1609. ± 30. | kJ/mol | G+TS | Bohme and Young, 1971 | gas phase; B |
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
| ΔrG° | 1564. ± 8.4 | kJ/mol | IMRE | Bartmess, Scott, et al., 1979 | gas phase; value altered from reference due to change in acidity scale; B |
| ΔrG° | 1557. ± 8.4 | kJ/mol | IMRE | Gal, Decouzon, et al., 2001 | gas phase; B |
| ΔrG° | 1579. ± 29. | kJ/mol | IMRB | Bohme and Young, 1971 | gas phase; B |
IR Spectrum
Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), UV/Visible spectrum, Gas Chromatography, References, Notes
Data compiled by: Coblentz Society, Inc.
- GAS (20 mmHg, N2 ADDED, TOTAL PRESSURE 600 mmHg); DOW KBr FOREPRISM-GRATING; DIGITIZED BY COBLENTZ SOCIETY (BATCH II) FROM HARD COPY; 2 cm-1 resolution
- LIQUID; PERKIN-ELMER; DIGITIZED BY NIST FROM HARD COPY (FROM TWO SEGMENTS); 4 cm-1 resolution
- SOLUTION (10% IN CCl4 FOR 3800-1330 AND 10% IN CS2 FOR 1330-450 CM-1); DOW KBr FOREPRISM-GRATING; DIGITIZED BY NIST FROM HARD COPY (FROM TWO SEGMENTS); 4 cm-1 resolution
Data compiled by: NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, William E. Wallace, director
Data compiled by: Pamela M. Chu, Franklin R. Guenther, George C. Rhoderick, and Walter J. Lafferty
- gas; IFS66V (Bruker); 3-Term B-H Apodization
0.1250, 0.2410, 0.4820, 0.9640, 1.9290 cm-1 resolution - gas; IFS66V (Bruker); Boxcar Apodization
0.1250, 0.2410, 0.4820, 0.9640, 1.9290 cm-1 resolution - gas; IFS66V (Bruker); Happ Genzel Apodization
0.1250, 0.2410, 0.4820, 0.9640, 1.9290 cm-1 resolution - gas; IFS66V (Bruker); NB Strong Apodization
0.1250, 0.2410, 0.4820, 0.9640, 1.9290 cm-1 resolution - gas; IFS66V (Bruker); Triangular Apodization
0.1250, 0.2410, 0.4820, 0.9640, 1.9290 cm-1 resolution
Mass spectrum (electron ionization)
Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Gas phase ion energetics data, IR Spectrum, UV/Visible spectrum, Gas Chromatography, References, Notes
Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Data compiled by: NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, William E. Wallace, director
Spectrum
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Additional Data
View image of digitized spectrum (can be printed in landscape orientation).
Due to licensing restrictions, this spectrum cannot be downloaded.
| Owner | NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center Collection (C) 2014 copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the United States of America. All rights reserved. |
|---|---|
| Origin | Japan AIST/NIMC Database- Spectrum MS-NW- 67 |
| NIST MS number | 227551 |
UV/Visible spectrum
Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Gas phase ion energetics data, IR Spectrum, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), Gas Chromatography, References, Notes
Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Data compiled by: Victor Talrose, Eugeny B. Stern, Antonina A. Goncharova, Natalia A. Messineva, Natalia V. Trusova, Margarita V. Efimkina
Spectrum
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Additional Data
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View spectrum image in SVG format.
Download spectrum in JCAMP-DX format.
| Source | Ramart-Lucas and Bertucat, 1951 |
|---|---|
| Owner | INEP CP RAS, NIST OSRD Collection (C) 2007 copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the United States of America. All rights reserved. |
| Origin | INSTITUTE OF ENERGY PROBLEMS OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS, RAS |
| Source reference | RAS UV No. 415 |
| Instrument | n.i.g. |
| Melting point | -94.9 |
| Boiling point | 110.6 |
Gas Chromatography
Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Gas phase ion energetics data, IR Spectrum, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), UV/Visible spectrum, References, Notes
Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Data compiled by: NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, William E. Wallace, director
Kovats' RI, non-polar column, isothermal
| Column type | Active phase | Temperature (C) | I | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Capillary | RTX-5 | 100. | 785.29 | Ádámová, Orinák, et al., 2005 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, N2 |
| Capillary | RTX-5 | 120. | 792.81 | Ádámová, Orinák, et al., 2005 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, N2 |
| Capillary | RTX-5 | 60. | 774.14 | Ádámová, Orinák, et al., 2005 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, N2 |
| Capillary | RTX-5 | 80. | 778.14 | Ádámová, Orinák, et al., 2005 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, N2 |
| Capillary | HP-1 | 0. | 759.7 | Wang, Liu, et al., 2005 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm |
| Capillary | HP-1 | 10. | 754.8 | Wang, Liu, et al., 2005 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm |
| Capillary | HP-1 | 20. | 760.9 | Wang, Liu, et al., 2005 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm |
| Capillary | HP-1 | 30. | 755.2 | Wang, Liu, et al., 2005 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm |
| Capillary | HP-1 | 40. | 752.6 | Wang, Liu, et al., 2005 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm |
| Capillary | HP-1 | 50. | 751.6 | Wang, Liu, et al., 2005 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm |
| Capillary | HP-1 | 60. | 755.3 | Wang, Liu, et al., 2005 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm |
| Packed | PMS-1000 | 90. | 786. | Arutyunov, Kudryashov, et al., 2004 | N2, Chromaton N-AW-DMCS; Column length: 2. m |
| Capillary | HP-5 | 100. | 782.2 | Pérez-Parajón, Santiuste, et al., 2004 | 60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm |
| Capillary | HP-5 | 120. | 787.7 | Pérez-Parajón, Santiuste, et al., 2004 | 60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm |
| Capillary | DB-1 | 313. | 751.72 | Ciaznska-Halarewicz and Kowalska, 2003 | 30. m/0.32 mm/1. μm |
| Capillary | DB-1 | 323. | 753.79 | Ciaznska-Halarewicz and Kowalska, 2003 | 30. m/0.32 mm/1. μm |
| Capillary | DB-1 | 333. | 756.18 | Ciaznska-Halarewicz and Kowalska, 2003 | 30. m/0.32 mm/1. μm |
| Capillary | DB-1 | 343. | 758.31 | Ciaznska-Halarewicz and Kowalska, 2003 | 30. m/0.32 mm/1. μm |
| Capillary | DB-1 | 353. | 760.55 | Ciaznska-Halarewicz and Kowalska, 2003 | 30. m/0.32 mm/1. μm |
| Capillary | DB-1 | 363. | 763.41 | Ciaznska-Halarewicz and Kowalska, 2003 | 30. m/0.32 mm/1. μm |
| Capillary | DB-1 | 373. | 765.53 | Ciaznska-Halarewicz and Kowalska, 2003 | 30. m/0.32 mm/1. μm |
| Capillary | DB-1 | 383. | 767.08 | Ciaznska-Halarewicz and Kowalska, 2003 | 30. m/0.32 mm/1. μm |
| Capillary | DB-1 | 393. | 769.68 | Ciaznska-Halarewicz and Kowalska, 2003 | 30. m/0.32 mm/1. μm |
| Capillary | DB-1 | 403. | 773.08 | Ciaznska-Halarewicz and Kowalska, 2003 | 30. m/0.32 mm/1. μm |
| Capillary | DB-1 | 413. | 774.96 | Ciaznska-Halarewicz and Kowalska, 2003 | 30. m/0.32 mm/1. μm |
| Capillary | DB-1 | 423. | 777.86 | Ciaznska-Halarewicz and Kowalska, 2003 | 30. m/0.32 mm/1. μm |
| Capillary | DB-5 | 313. | 767.72 | Ciaznska-Halarewicz and Kowalska, 2003 | 30. m/0.32 mm/1. μm |
| Capillary | DB-5 | 323. | 770.81 | Ciaznska-Halarewicz and Kowalska, 2003 | 30. m/0.32 mm/1. μm |
| Capillary | DB-5 | 333. | 772.35 | Ciaznska-Halarewicz and Kowalska, 2003 | 30. m/0.32 mm/1. μm |
| Capillary | DB-5 | 343. | 774.88 | Ciaznska-Halarewicz and Kowalska, 2003 | 30. m/0.32 mm/1. μm |
| Capillary | DB-5 | 353. | 776.58 | Ciaznska-Halarewicz and Kowalska, 2003 | 30. m/0.32 mm/1. μm |
| Capillary | DB-5 | 363. | 779.16 | Ciaznska-Halarewicz and Kowalska, 2003 | 30. m/0.32 mm/1. μm |
| Capillary | DB-5 | 373. | 781.85 | Ciaznska-Halarewicz and Kowalska, 2003 | 30. m/0.32 mm/1. μm |
| Capillary | DB-5 | 383. | 784.33 | Ciaznska-Halarewicz and Kowalska, 2003 | 30. m/0.32 mm/1. μm |
| Capillary | DB-5 | 393. | 787.46 | Ciaznska-Halarewicz and Kowalska, 2003 | 30. m/0.32 mm/1. μm |
| Capillary | Methyl Silicone | 150. | 773.24 | Berezkin, Korolev, et al., 2002 | He; Column length: 15. m; Column diameter: 0.24 mm |
| Capillary | Squalane | 50. | 743.7 | Wick, Siepmann, et al., 2002 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He |
| Capillary | Squalane | 60. | 746.2 | Wick, Siepmann, et al., 2002 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He |
| Capillary | Squalane | 70. | 748.7 | Wick, Siepmann, et al., 2002 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He |
| Capillary | Squalane | 80. | 751.2 | Wick, Siepmann, et al., 2002 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He |
| Capillary | Squalane | 90. | 753.5 | Wick, Siepmann, et al., 2002 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He |
| Capillary | Squalane | 100. | 756.2 | Wick, Siepmann, et al., 2002 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He |
| Capillary | Squalane | 110. | 758.8 | Wick, Siepmann, et al., 2002 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He |
| Capillary | OV-101 | 40. | 750.1 | Chen, Liang, et al., 2001 | He; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm |
| Capillary | OV-101 | 60. | 754.9 | Chen, Liang, et al., 2001 | He; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm |
| Capillary | DB-1 | 170. | 786.91 | Kuhn, 2001 | 30. m/0.53 mm/3. μm, He |
| Packed | C78, Branched paraffin | 130. | 784.0 | Dallos, Sisak, et al., 2000 | He; Column length: 3.3 m |
| Capillary | HP-101 | 60. | 756.97 | Garay, 2000 | 50. m/0.2 mm/0.2 μm, H2 |
| Capillary | HP-101 | 60. | 756.97 | Garay, 2000 | 50. m/0.2 mm/0.2 μm, H2 |
| Capillary | OV-1 | 100. | 766.3 | Zhu, Zhang, et al., 1999 | Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm |
| Capillary | DB-1 | 140. | 767. | Beens, Tijssen, et al., 1998 | 10. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He |
| Capillary | DB-1 | 60. | 754. | Beens, Tijssen, et al., 1998 | 10. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He |
| Capillary | DB-1 | 60. | 758. | Dewulf, Van Langenhove, et al., 1997 | 30. m/0.53 mm/5.0 μm, He |
| Capillary | OV-101 | 0. | 746. | Skrbic, 1997 | |
| Capillary | OV-1 | 150. | 780. | Zhang, Chen, et al., 1997 | 25. m/0.2 mm/0.33 μm, N2 |
| Capillary | OV-1 | 150. | 779. | Zhang, Chen, et al., 1997 | 25. m/0.2 mm/0.33 μm, N2 |
| Packed | OV-101 | 100. | 765.5 | Righezza, Hassani, et al., 1996 | N2, Chromosorb G HP; Column length: 5. m |
| Packed | OV-101 | 110. | 768.4 | Righezza, Hassani, et al., 1996 | N2, Chromosorb G HP; Column length: 5. m |
| Packed | OV-101 | 80. | 761.8 | Righezza, Hassani, et al., 1996 | N2, Chromosorb G HP; Column length: 5. m |
| Packed | OV-101 | 90. | 763. | Righezza, Hassani, et al., 1996 | N2, Chromosorb G HP; Column length: 5. m |
| Capillary | CP Sil 2 | 60. | 757.5 | Estel, Mohnke, et al., 1995 | 100. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm |
| Capillary | CP Sil 2 | 80. | 764.5 | Estel, Mohnke, et al., 1995 | 100. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm |
| Capillary | OV-101 | 150. | 777.1 | Cha and Lee, 1994 | Column length: 20. m; Column diameter: 0.5 mm |
| Capillary | OV-101 | 180. | 786.9 | Cha and Lee, 1994 | Column length: 20. m; Column diameter: 0.5 mm |
| Capillary | DB-1 | 60. | 756.2 | Krupcik, Skacani, et al., 1994 | H2; Phase thickness: 0.25 μm |
| Capillary | PONA | 60. | 756.5 | Krupcik, Skacani, et al., 1994 | H2; Phase thickness: 0.5 μm |
| Capillary | PONA | 60. | 756.6 | Krupcik, Skacani, et al., 1994 | H2; Phase thickness: 0.5 μm |
| Capillary | DB-1 | 60. | 756.7 | Krupcik, Skacani, et al., 1994 | H2; Phase thickness: 1. μm |
| Capillary | OV-101 | 60. | 756.5 | Krupcik, Skacani, et al., 1994 | H2; Phase thickness: 0.2 μm |
| Packed | OV-101 | 120. | 771.6 | Hassani and Meklati, 1992 | N2, Chromosorb G HP; Column length: 5. m |
| Packed | Squalane | 100. | 757. | Hongwei and Zhide, 1992 | H2, Silanized white support (80-100 mesh); Column length: 3. m |
| Packed | C78, Branched paraffin | 130. | 784.0 | Reddy, Dutoit, et al., 1992 | Chromosorb G HP; Column length: 3.3 m |
| Capillary | BP-1 | 0. | 749. | Skrbic and Cvejanov, 1992 | 15. m/0.53 mm/1.0 μm, N2 |
| Capillary | HP-1 | 60. | 756. | Zhang, Li, et al., 1992 | N2; Column length: 25. m; Column diameter: 0.20 mm |
| Capillary | HP-1 | 60. | 756. | Zhang, Li, et al., 1992 | N2; Column length: 25. m; Column diameter: 0.20 mm |
| Capillary | HP-1 | 100. | 766. | Zhang, Li, et al., 1992 | N2; Column length: 25. m; Column diameter: 0.20 mm |
| Capillary | HP-1 | 100. | 766. | Zhang, Li, et al., 1992 | N2; Column length: 25. m; Column diameter: 0.20 mm |
| Capillary | SPB-1 | 60. | 757. | Castello, Vezzani, et al., 1991 | N2; Column length: 60. m; Column diameter: 0.75 mm |
| Packed | Apolane | 130. | 786. | Dutoit, 1991 | Column length: 3.7 m |
| Capillary | OV-1 | 100. | 766. | Engewald and Maurer, 1990 | Column length: 60. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm |
| Capillary | OV-1 | 120. | 771.4 | Engewald and Maurer, 1990 | Column length: 60. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm |
| Capillary | OV-101 | 100. | 766. | Dimov and Mekenyan, 1989 | Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm |
| Capillary | OV-1 | 45. | 753.6 | Guan, Kiraly, et al., 1989 | 25. m/0.31 mm/0.52 μm, He |
| Capillary | OV-1 | 60. | 756.6 | Guan, Kiraly, et al., 1989 | 25. m/0.31 mm/0.52 μm, He |
| Capillary | OV-1 | 65. | 758.4 | Guan, Kiraly, et al., 1989 | 25. m/0.31 mm/0.52 μm, He |
| Capillary | OV-1 | 75. | 759.9 | Guan, Kiraly, et al., 1989 | 25. m/0.31 mm/0.52 μm, He |
| Capillary | SE-54 | 60. | 771.9 | Guan, Kiraly, et al., 1989 | 25. m/0.31 mm/0.52 μm, He |
| Capillary | SE-54 | 75. | 775.4 | Guan, Kiraly, et al., 1989 | 25. m/0.31 mm/0.52 μm, He |
| Capillary | OV-101 | 100. | 766. | Matisová, Kovacicová, et al., 1989 | He; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.20 mm |
| Packed | Squalane | 70. | 752. | Safina, Poznyak, et al., 1989 | He, Risorb (0.2-0.3 mm); Column length: 2. m |
| Capillary | HP-1 | 60. | 759. | Bangjie, Yijian, et al., 1988 | N2; Column length: 25. m; Column diameter: 0.20 mm |
| Capillary | HP-1 | 60. | 760. | Bangjie, Yijian, et al., 1988 | N2; Column length: 25. m; Column diameter: 0.20 mm |
| Capillary | OV-101 | 40. | 753. | Laub and Purnell, 1988 | |
| Capillary | OV-101 | 60. | 757. | Laub and Purnell, 1988 | |
| Capillary | OV-101 | 80. | 762. | Laub and Purnell, 1988 | |
| Capillary | Squalane | 50. | 744.1 | Lunskii and Paizanskaya, 1988 | He; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.22 mm |
| Capillary | Squalane | 70. | 749. | Lunskii and Paizanskaya, 1988 | He; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.22 mm |
| Capillary | OV-101 | 100. | 767. | Engewald, Topalova, et al., 1987 | Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.30 mm |
| Packed | Squalane | 80. | 753. | Fernández-Sánchez, García-Domínguez, et al., 1987 | H2 |
| Capillary | Squalane | 100. | 758. | Nabivach and Vasiliev, 1987 | |
| Capillary | Nonpolar | 45. | 744. | Stoyanov and Dimov, 1987 | |
| Capillary | Nonpolar | 52.5 | 746. | Stoyanov and Dimov, 1987 | |
| Capillary | Nonpolar | 60. | 748. | Stoyanov and Dimov, 1987 | |
| Capillary | OV-101 | 40. | 754.0 | Boneva and Dimov, 1986 | 100. m/0.27 mm/0.9 μm |
| Capillary | OV-101 | 50. | 756.1 | Boneva and Dimov, 1986 | 100. m/0.27 mm/0.9 μm |
| Capillary | OV-101 | 60. | 758.0 | Boneva and Dimov, 1986 | 100. m/0.27 mm/0.9 μm |
| Capillary | OV-101 | 70. | 759.8 | Boneva and Dimov, 1986 | 100. m/0.27 mm/0.9 μm |
| Packed | SE-30 | 180. | 788. | Oszczapowicz, Osek, et al., 1985 | N2, Chromosorb A AW; Column length: 3. m |
| Packed | SE-30 | 42. | 753. | Rudenko, Mal'tsev, et al., 1985 | Column length: 3. m |
| Packed | SE-30 | 180. | 788. | Oszczapowicz, Osek, et al., 1984 | N2, Chromosorb W AW; Column length: 3. m |
| Packed | SE-30 | 150. | 780. | Tiess, 1984 | Ar, Gas Chrom Q (80-100 mesh); Column length: 3. m |
| Packed | OV-1 | 120. | 771. | Valko, Papp, et al., 1984 | Gas Chrom Q; Column length: 2. m |
| Capillary | OV-101 | 100. | 764. | Boneva, Papazova, et al., 1983 | N2; Column length: 85. m; Column diameter: 0.28 mm |
| Capillary | OV-101 | 100. | 766. | Boneva, Papazova, et al., 1983 | N2; Column length: 85. m; Column diameter: 0.28 mm |
| Capillary | OV-101 | 100. | 764. | Boneva, Papazova, et al., 1983 | N2; Column length: 85. m; Column diameter: 0.28 mm |
| Capillary | OV-101 | 110. | 766. | Boneva, Papazova, et al., 1983 | N2; Column length: 85. m; Column diameter: 0.28 mm |
| Capillary | OV-101 | 90. | 762. | Boneva, Papazova, et al., 1983 | N2; Column length: 85. m; Column diameter: 0.28 mm |
| Capillary | OV-101 | 30. | 751. | Chien, Furio, et al., 1983 | |
| Capillary | OV-101 | 40. | 753. | Chien, Furio, et al., 1983 | |
| Capillary | OV-101 | 50. | 755. | Chien, Furio, et al., 1983 | |
| Capillary | OV-101 | 60. | 757. | Chien, Furio, et al., 1983 | |
| Capillary | OV-101 | 70. | 759. | Chien, Furio, et al., 1983 | |
| Capillary | OV-101 | 80. | 761. | Chien, Furio, et al., 1983 | |
| Capillary | OV-3 | 30. | 772.3 | Chien, Furio, et al., 1983, 2 | |
| Capillary | OV-3 | 40. | 774.4 | Chien, Furio, et al., 1983, 2 | |
| Capillary | OV-3 | 50. | 776.7 | Chien, Furio, et al., 1983, 2 | |
| Capillary | OV-3 | 60. | 779.0 | Chien, Furio, et al., 1983, 2 | |
| Capillary | OV-3 | 70. | 781.5 | Chien, Furio, et al., 1983, 2 | |
| Capillary | OV-3 | 80. | 784.2 | Chien, Furio, et al., 1983, 2 | |
| Capillary | Squalane | 106. | 757. | Kugucheva and Mashinsky, 1983 | He; Column length: 100. m |
| Capillary | Squalane | 96. | 755. | Kugucheva and Mashinsky, 1983 | He; Column length: 100. m |
| Capillary | DB-1 | 60. | 756.2 | Lubeck and Sutton, 1983 | Column length: 60. m; Column diameter: 0.264 mm |
| Capillary | DB-1 | 60. | 756.7 | Lubeck and Sutton, 1983 | 60. m/0.259 mm/1. μm |
| Capillary | SE-30 | 70. | 759.9 | Tóth, 1983 | N2; Column length: 15. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm |
| Packed | SE-30 | 100. | 767. | Winskowski, 1983 | Gaschrom Q; Column length: 2. m |
| Capillary | OV-1 | 50. | 754. | Anders, Scheller, et al., 1982 | Column length: 55. m; Column diameter: 0.21 mm |
| Capillary | SE-30 | 130. | 774. | Bredael, 1982 | Column length: 100. m; Column diameter: 0.5 mm |
| Capillary | SE-30 | 80. | 761. | Bredael, 1982 | Column length: 100. m; Column diameter: 0.5 mm |
| Capillary | OV-101 | 100. | 766. | Gerasimenko and Nabivach, 1982 | N2; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.30 mm |
| Capillary | OV-101 | 120. | 772. | Gerasimenko and Nabivach, 1982 | N2; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.30 mm |
| Capillary | OV-101 | 140. | 782. | Gerasimenko and Nabivach, 1982 | N2; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.30 mm |
| Capillary | OV-101 | 50. | 756. | Johansen and Ettre, 1982 | 100. m/0.27 mm/0.20 μm |
| Capillary | OV-101 | 50. | 756. | Johansen and Ettre, 1982 | 55. m/0.27 mm/0.9 μm |
| Capillary | Squalane | 86. | 755. | Macák, Nabivach, et al., 1982 | N2; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm |
| Capillary | Squalane | 96. | 757.1 | Macák, Nabivach, et al., 1982 | N2; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm |
| Capillary | OV-101 | 100. | 766.4 | Gerasimenko, Kirilenko, et al., 1981 | N2; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.3 mm |
| Capillary | OV-101 | 120. | 771.5 | Gerasimenko, Kirilenko, et al., 1981 | N2; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.3 mm |
| Capillary | OV-101 | 140. | 781.5 | Gerasimenko, Kirilenko, et al., 1981 | N2; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.3 mm |
| Capillary | OV-1 | 60. | 758. | Nijs and Jacobs, 1981 | He; Column length: 150. m; Column diameter: 0.50 mm |
| Capillary | SE-30 | 80. | 761.4 | Albaigés and Guardino, 1980 | He; Column length: 64. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm |
| Capillary | Squalane | 80. | 750. | Albaigés and Guardino, 1980 | He; Column length: 100. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm |
| Capillary | Apiezon L | 100. | 791. | Morishita, Okano, et al., 1980 | Column length: 45. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm |
| Packed | Squalane | 100. | 757. | Nabivach and Kirilenko, 1980 | He, Chromaton N-AW-HMDS; Column length: 1. m |
| Capillary | Squalane | 50. | 745.2 | Bajus, Veselý, et al., 1979 | Column length: 100. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm |
| Capillary | Squalane | 70. | 750. | Bajus, Veselý, et al., 1979 | Column length: 100. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm |
| Capillary | Squalane | 50. | 744.2 | Bajus, Veselý, et al., 1979, 2 | Column length: 100. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm |
| Capillary | Squalane | 70. | 749.3 | Bajus, Veselý, et al., 1979, 2 | Column length: 100. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm |
| Capillary | Squalane | 86. | 754.7 | Nabivach and Kirilenko, 1979 | N2; Column length: 50. m |
| Capillary | Squalane | 86. | 755.0 | Nabivach and Kirilenko, 1979 | N2; Column length: 50. m |
| Capillary | Squalane | 86. | 755.3 | Nabivach and Kirilenko, 1979 | N2; Column length: 50. m |
| Capillary | Squalane | 86. | 755.5 | Nabivach and Kirilenko, 1979 | N2; Column length: 50. m |
| Capillary | Squalane | 70. | 749.8 | Nabivach and Kirilenko, 1979 | N2; Column length: 50. m |
| Capillary | Squalane | 70. | 751.2 | Nabivach and Kirilenko, 1979 | N2; Column length: 50. m |
| Capillary | Squalane | 86. | 754.0 | Nabivach and Kirilenko, 1979 | N2; Column length: 50. m |
| Capillary | Squalane | 86. | 755.0 | Nabivach and Kirilenko, 1979 | N2; Column length: 50. m |
| Capillary | Squalane | 70. | 749.2 | Drozd, Novák, et al., 1978 | Column length: 10. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm |
| Capillary | Squalane | 70. | 749.4 | Drozd, Novák, et al., 1978 | Column length: 10. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm |
| Capillary | Squalane | 86. | 755.0 | Nabivach, Bur'yan, et al., 1978 | Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm |
| Capillary | Squalane | 96. | 757.1 | Nabivach, Bur'yan, et al., 1978 | Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm |
| Capillary | Squalane | 100. | 760. | Engewald and Wennrich, 1976 | N2; Column length: 100. m; Column diameter: 0.23 mm |
| Capillary | Squalane | 100. | 746. | Lulova, Leont'eva, et al., 1976 | He; Column length: 120. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm |
| Capillary | Squalane | 100. | 731.4 | Lulova, Leont'eva, et al., 1976 | He; Column length: 120. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm |
| Capillary | Squalane | 100. | 731.4 | Lulova, Leont'eva, et al., 1976 | He; Column length: 120. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm |
| Packed | Apolane | 70. | 766.8 | Riedo, Fritz, et al., 1976 | He, Chromosorb; Column length: 2.4 m |
| Capillary | Squalane | 60. | 747. | Ryba, 1976 | Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm |
| Capillary | Squalane | 60. | 750. | Ryba, 1976 | Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm |
| Capillary | Squalane | 80. | 751.68 | Soják and Rijks, 1976 | H2; Column length: 100. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm |
| Packed | Squalane | 100. | 756. | Vernon and Edwards, 1975 | N2, DCMS-treated Celite; Column length: 1. m |
| Packed | SE-30 | 110. | 770. | Mitra, Mohan, et al., 1974 | N2, Chrom W; Column length: 6.1 m |
| Packed | SE-30 | 120. | 773. | Mitra, Mohan, et al., 1974 | N2, Chrom W; Column length: 6.1 m |
| Packed | SE-30 | 130. | 776. | Mitra, Mohan, et al., 1974 | N2, Chrom W; Column length: 6.1 m |
| Packed | SE-30 | 140. | 778. | Mitra, Mohan, et al., 1974 | N2, Chrom W; Column length: 6.1 m |
| Capillary | SE-30 | 130. | 772. | Mitra, Mohan, et al., 1974, 2 | H2; Column length: 6.1 m; Column diameter: 3.18 mm |
| Capillary | SE-30 | 140. | 776. | Mitra, Mohan, et al., 1974, 2 | H2; Column length: 6.1 m; Column diameter: 3.18 mm |
| Capillary | SE-30 | 150. | 778. | Mitra, Mohan, et al., 1974, 2 | H2; Column length: 6.1 m; Column diameter: 3.18 mm |
| Capillary | SE-30 | 160. | 781. | Mitra, Mohan, et al., 1974, 2 | H2; Column length: 6.1 m; Column diameter: 3.18 mm |
| Capillary | SE-30 | 170. | 785. | Mitra, Mohan, et al., 1974, 2 | H2; Column length: 6.1 m; Column diameter: 3.18 mm |
| Capillary | Squalane | 100. | 763. | Mitra, Mohan, et al., 1974, 2 | H2; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.2 mm |
| Capillary | Squalane | 50. | 745. | Rijks and Cramers, 1974 | N2; Column length: 100. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm |
| Capillary | Squalane | 70. | 750. | Rijks and Cramers, 1974 | N2; Column length: 100. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm |
| Capillary | SE-30 | 65. | 757.7 | Svob, Deur-Siftar, et al., 1974 | He; Column length: 25.5 m; Column diameter: 0.5 mm |
| Capillary | SE-30 | 65. | 757.7 | Svob, Deur-Siftar, et al., 1974 | He; Column length: 25.5 m; Column diameter: 0.5 mm |
| Capillary | SE-30 | 65. | 757.7 | Svob, Deur-Siftar, et al., 1974 | He; Column length: 25.5 m; Column diameter: 0.5 mm |
| Capillary | SE-30 | 65. | 757.7 | Svob, Deur-Siftar, et al., 1974 | He; Column length: 25.5 m; Column diameter: 0.5 mm |
| Capillary | SE-30 | 65. | 757.7 | Svob, Deur-Siftar, et al., 1974 | He; Column length: 25.5 m; Column diameter: 0.5 mm |
| Capillary | SE-30 | 65. | 757.6 | Svob and Deur-Siftar, 1974 | He; Column length: 25.5 m; Column diameter: 0.5 mm |
| Capillary | Squalane | 100. | 758.0 | Svob and Deur-Siftar, 1974 | He; Column length: 10.5 m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm |
| Capillary | OV-101 | 50. | 755. | Pacáková, Hoch, et al., 1973 | 25. m/0.25 mm/1.39 μm, N2 |
| Capillary | OV-101 | 60. | 756. | Pacáková, Hoch, et al., 1973 | 25. m/0.25 mm/1.39 μm, N2 |
| Capillary | Squalane | 120. | 757. | Agrawal, Tesarík, et al., 1972 | N2, Celite 545; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.3 mm |
| Capillary | Squalane | 86. | 753. | Agrawal, Tesarík, et al., 1972 | N2, Celite 545; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.3 mm |
| Capillary | Vacuum Grease Oil (VM-4) | 35. | 760. | Sidorov, Petrova, et al., 1972 | |
| Capillary | Vacuum Grease Oil (VM-4) | 45. | 763. | Sidorov, Petrova, et al., 1972 | |
| Capillary | Vacuum Grease Oil (VM-4) | 50. | 764. | Sidorov, Petrova, et al., 1972 | |
| Capillary | Vacuum Grease Oil (VM-4) | 58. | 767. | Sidorov, Petrova, et al., 1972 | |
| Capillary | Vacuum Grease Oil (VM-4) | 68. | 773. | Sidorov, Petrova, et al., 1972 | |
| Packed | Squalane | 50. | 747.0 | Takács, Tálas, et al., 1972 | N2, Chromosorb W; Column length: 3. m |
| Capillary | Squalane | 70. | 746.8 | Dimov and Schopov, 1971 | Column length: 100. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm |
| Packed | SE-30 | 75. | 759. | Robinson and Odell, 1971 | N2, Chromosorb W; Column length: 6.1 m |
| Packed | Squalane | 100. | 758. | Robinson and Odell, 1971 | N2, Embacel; Column length: 3.0 m |
| Packed | Apiezon L | 100. | 763. | Wagaman and Smith, 1971 | CH4; Column length: 3. m |
| Capillary | Squalane | 80. | 754.7 | Wallaert, 1971 | Column length: 100. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm |
| Capillary | Squalane | 92. | 758. | Krupcík, Liska, et al., 1970 | N2; Column length: 45. m; Column diameter: 0.2 mm |
| Capillary | Squalane | 115. | 761.1 | Krupcík, Liska, et al., 1970 | N2; Column length: 200. m; Column diameter: 0.2 mm |
| Capillary | Squalane | 115. | 760.7 | Soják and Bucinská, 1970 | N2; Column length: 200. m; Column diameter: 0.2 mm |
| Capillary | Squalane | 86. | 754.2 | Soják and Bucinská, 1970 | N2; Column length: 200. m; Column diameter: 0.2 mm |
| Packed | Apiezon L | 100. | 788. | Brown, Chapman, et al., 1968 | N2, DCMS-treated Chromosorb W; Column length: 2.3 m |
| Packed | Squalane | 27. | 740.6 | Hively and Hinton, 1968 | He, Chromosorb P; Column length: 15. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm |
| Packed | Squalane | 49. | 747. | Hively and Hinton, 1968 | He, Chromosorb P; Column length: 15. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm |
| Packed | Squalane | 67. | 751. | Hively and Hinton, 1968 | He, Chromosorb P; Column length: 15. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm |
| Packed | Squalane | 86. | 756. | Hively and Hinton, 1968 | He, Chromosorb P; Column length: 15. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm |
| Packed | Apiezon L | 100. | 789. | Bonastre and Grenier, 1967 | Chromosorb P; Column length: 10. m |
| Packed | Apiezon L | 120. | 796. | Bonastre and Grenier, 1967 | Chromosorb P; Column length: 10. m |
| Packed | Apiezon L | 80. | 783. | Bonastre and Grenier, 1967 | Chromosorb P; Column length: 10. m |
| Packed | Squalane | 100. | 756. | Bonastre and Grenier, 1967 | Chromosorb P; Column length: 6. m |
| Packed | Squalane | 120. | 763. | Bonastre and Grenier, 1967 | Chromosorb P; Column length: 6. m |
| Packed | Squalane | 140. | 769. | Bonastre and Grenier, 1967 | Chromosorb P; Column length: 6. m |
| Packed | Squalane | 80. | 753. | Bonastre and Grenier, 1967 | Chromosorb P; Column length: 6. m |
| Packed | Squalane | 100. | 756.4 | Evans and Smith, 1967 | H2/N2=3/1, Celite; Column length: 2. m |
| Packed | Squalane | 100. | 756. | Evans and Smith, 1967 | H2/N2=3/1, Celite; Column length: 2. m |
| Packed | Squalane | 22. | 738. | Evans, 1966 | Untreated celite; Column length: 1.8 m |
| Packed | Squalane | 30. | 739. | Evans, 1966 | Untreated celite; Column length: 1.8 m |
| Packed | Squalane | 40. | 742. | Evans, 1966 | Untreated celite; Column length: 1.8 m |
| Packed | Squalane | 55. | 750. | Evans, 1966 | Untreated celite; Column length: 1.8 m |
| Packed | Squalane | 70. | 752. | Evans, 1966 | Untreated celite; Column length: 1.8 m |
| Packed | DC-200 | 100. | 767. | Rohrschneider, 1966 | Column length: 4. m |
| Packed | Squalane | 100. | 757. | Rohrschneider, 1966 | Column length: 5. m |
| Packed | Apiezon L | 100. | 787. | Rohrschneider, 1966 | Column length: 5. m |
| Packed | Squalane | 100. | 759. | Adlard, Evans, et al., 1965 | Ar, Celite; Column length: 1.2 m |
| Packed | Squalane | 65. | 750. | Adlard, Evans, et al., 1965 | Ar, Celite; Column length: 1.2 m |
| Packed | Squalane | 78. | 753. | Adlard, Evans, et al., 1965 | Ar, Celite; Column length: 1.2 m |
| Packed | Squalane | 100. | 756. | Adlard, Evans, et al., 1965 | Ar, Celite; Column length: 1.5 m |
| Packed | Squalane | 65. | 747. | Adlard, Evans, et al., 1965 | Ar, Celite; Column length: 1.5 m |
| Packed | Squalane | 78. | 751. | Adlard, Evans, et al., 1965 | Ar, Celite; Column length: 1.5 m |
| Packed | Squalane | 100. | 757. | Adlard, Evans, et al., 1965 | N2, Celite; Column length: 1.8 m |
| Packed | Squalane | 65. | 748. | Adlard, Evans, et al., 1965 | N2, Celite; Column length: 1.8 m |
| Packed | Squalane | 78. | 752. | Adlard, Evans, et al., 1965 | N2, Celite; Column length: 1.8 m |
| Packed | Squalane | 100. | 756. | Adlard, Evans, et al., 1965 | Mixture, Celite; Column length: 1.5 m |
| Packed | Squalane | 65. | 748. | Adlard, Evans, et al., 1965 | Mixture, Celite; Column length: 1.5 m |
| Packed | Squalane | 78. | 751. | Adlard, Evans, et al., 1965 | Mixture, Celite; Column length: 1.5 m |
| Packed | Squalane | 100. | 761. | Adlard, Evans, et al., 1965 | He, Celite; Column length: 0.9 m |
| Packed | Squalane | 65. | 751. | Adlard, Evans, et al., 1965 | He, Celite; Column length: 0.9 m |
| Packed | Squalane | 78. | 755. | Adlard, Evans, et al., 1965 | He, Celite; Column length: 0.9 m |
| Packed | Squalane | 100. | 776. | Adlard, Evans, et al., 1965 | N2, Celite; Column length: 0.9 m |
| Packed | Squalane | 65. | 768. | Adlard, Evans, et al., 1965 | N2, Celite; Column length: 0.9 m |
| Packed | Squalane | 78. | 772. | Adlard, Evans, et al., 1965 | N2, Celite; Column length: 0.9 m |
| Packed | Squalane | 100. | 756. | Adlard, Evans, et al., 1965 | He, Celite; Column length: 1. m |
| Packed | Squalane | 65. | 748. | Adlard, Evans, et al., 1965 | He, Celite; Column length: 1. m |
| Packed | Squalane | 78. | 752. | Adlard, Evans, et al., 1965 | He, Celite; Column length: 1. m |
| Packed | Squalane | 100. | 761. | Adlard, Evans, et al., 1965 | N2, Sterchamol; Column length: 4. m |
| Packed | Squalane | 65. | 751. | Adlard, Evans, et al., 1965 | N2, Sterchamol; Column length: 4. m |
| Packed | Squalane | 78. | 755. | Adlard, Evans, et al., 1965 | N2, Sterchamol; Column length: 4. m |
| Packed | Squalane | 100. | 752. | Adlard, Evans, et al., 1965 | H2, Celite; Column length: 0.9 m |
| Packed | Squalane | 65. | 744. | Adlard, Evans, et al., 1965 | H2, Celite; Column length: 0.9 m |
| Packed | Squalane | 78. | 749. | Adlard, Evans, et al., 1965 | H2, Celite; Column length: 0.9 m |
| Packed | Squalane | 100. | 758. | Adlard, Evans, et al., 1965 | |
| Packed | Squalane | 65. | 749. | Adlard, Evans, et al., 1965 | |
| Packed | Squalane | 78. | 753. | Adlard, Evans, et al., 1965 |
Kovats' RI, non-polar column, temperature ramp
| Column type | Active phase | I | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Capillary | CBP-1 | 758. | Shimadzu, 2003 | 25. m/0.2 mm/0.25 μm, He, 50. C @ 5. min, 4. K/min; Tend: 200. C |
| Capillary | DB-5 | 769. | Buchin, Salmon, et al., 2002 | 60. m/0.32 mm/1. μm, He, 40. C @ 5. min, 3. K/min, 230. C @ 2. min |
| Capillary | DB-1 | 748. | Takeoka, Perrino, et al., 1996 | 60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, 30. C @ 4. min, 2. K/min; Tend: 220. C |
| Capillary | DB-1 | 755. | Takeoka, Perrino, et al., 1996 | 60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, 30. C @ 4. min, 2. K/min; Tend: 220. C |
| Capillary | DB-5 | 763. | Ramarathnam, Rubin, et al., 1993 | He, 30. C @ 2. min, 10. K/min, 280. C @ 3. min; Column length: 30. m; Column diameter: 0.13 mm |
| Capillary | DB-5 | 746. | Ramarathnam, Rubin, et al., 1993, 2 | He, 30. C @ 2. min, 10. K/min, 280. C @ 3. min; Column length: 30. m; Column diameter: 0.13 mm |
| Capillary | SE-54 | 758. | Rembold, Wallner, et al., 1989 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 0. C @ 12. min, 12. K/min; Tend: 250. C |
| Capillary | OV-101 | 748. | Hayes and Pitzer, 1982 | 110. m/0.25 mm/0.20 μm, He, 1. K/min; Tstart: 35. C; Tend: 200. C |
| Capillary | OV-101 | 764. | Yamaguchi and Shibamoto, 1981 | N2, 2. K/min; Column length: 70. m; Column diameter: 0.28 mm; Tstart: 80. C; Tend: 200. C |
| Capillary | OV-101 | 765. | Yamaguchi and Shibamoto, 1981 | N2, 2. K/min; Column length: 70. m; Column diameter: 0.28 mm; Tstart: 80. C; Tend: 200. C |
| Capillary | Apiezon L | 776. | Louis, 1971 | N2, 1. K/min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; Tstart: 60. C |
Kovats' RI, non-polar column, custom temperature program
| Column type | Active phase | I | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Capillary | HP-1 | 776. | Wongpornchai, Sriseadka, et al., 2003 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 35C => 2C/min => 100C => 5C/min => 230C(2min) |
| Capillary | DB-5MS | 759. | Maia, Andrade, et al., 2000 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 40C => 2C/min => 60C => 4C/min => 260C |
| Capillary | Petrocol DH-100 | 752. | Haagen-Smit Laboratory, 1997 | He; Column length: 100. m; Column diameter: 0.2 mm; Program: 5C(10min) => 5C/min => 50C(48min) => 1.5C/min => 195C(91min) |
| Capillary | DB-1 | 755. | Hoekman, 1993 | 60. m/0.32 mm/1.0 μm, He; Program: -40 C for 12 min; -40 - 125 C at 3 deg.min; 125-185 C at 6 deg/min; 185 - 220 C at 20 deg/min; hold 220 C for 2 min |
| Packed | Apiezon M | 788.2 | Jalali-Heravi and Garkani-Nejad, 1993 | Chromosorb W; Column length: 2. m; Program: not specified |
| Capillary | Squalane | 760. | Papazova and Pankova, 1975 | N2; Column length: 100. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; Program: not specified |
Kovats' RI, polar column, isothermal
| Column type | Active phase | Temperature (C) | I | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Capillary | ZB-Wax | 100. | 1077.5 | Pérez-Parajón, Santiuste, et al., 2004 | 60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm |
| Capillary | ZB-Wax | 120. | 1088.3 | Pérez-Parajón, Santiuste, et al., 2004 | 60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm |
| Capillary | DB-Wax | 40. | 1043.09 | Ciaznska-Halarewicz and Kowalska, 2003 | Column length: 30. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm |
| Capillary | DB-Wax | 50. | 1049.50 | Ciaznska-Halarewicz and Kowalska, 2003 | Column length: 30. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm |
| Capillary | DB-Wax | 60. | 1057.61 | Ciaznska-Halarewicz and Kowalska, 2003 | Column length: 30. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm |
| Capillary | DB-Wax | 70. | 1068.53 | Ciaznska-Halarewicz and Kowalska, 2003 | Column length: 30. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm |
| Capillary | DB-Wax | 80. | 1076.25 | Ciaznska-Halarewicz and Kowalska, 2003 | Column length: 30. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm |
| Capillary | DB-Wax | 90. | 1084.20 | Ciaznska-Halarewicz and Kowalska, 2003 | Column length: 30. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm |
| Capillary | Carbowax 20M | 150. | 1026. | Egazaryants and Maximov, 1998 | He; Column length: 15. m; Column diameter: 0.5 mm |
| Capillary | Carbowax 20M | 150. | 1030. | Egazaryants and Maximov, 1998 | He; Column length: 15. m; Column diameter: 0.5 mm |
| Capillary | PEG-20M | 80. | 1039.5 | Orav, Kuningas, et al., 1994 | 50. m/0.2 mm/0.13 μm, He |
| Capillary | PEG-20M | 80. | 1052.3 | Orav, Kuningas, et al., 1994 | 50. m/0.2 mm/0.19 μm, He |
| Capillary | PEG-20M | 80. | 1054.2 | Orav, Kuningas, et al., 1994 | 50. m/0.2 mm/0.22 μm, He |
| Capillary | Supelcowax-10 | 60. | 1057. | Castello, Vezzani, et al., 1991 | N2; Column length: 60. m; Column diameter: 0.75 mm |
| Capillary | Carbowax 20M | 100. | 1067.04 | Podmaniczky, Szepesy, et al., 1985 | |
| Capillary | Carbowax 20M | 110. | 1071.62 | Podmaniczky, Szepesy, et al., 1985 | |
| Capillary | Carbowax 20M | 120. | 1076.10 | Podmaniczky, Szepesy, et al., 1985 | |
| Capillary | Carbowax 20M | 70. | 1053.89 | Podmaniczky, Szepesy, et al., 1985 | |
| Capillary | Carbowax 20M | 80. | 1057.98 | Podmaniczky, Szepesy, et al., 1985 | |
| Capillary | Carbowax 20M | 90. | 1062.76 | Podmaniczky, Szepesy, et al., 1985 | |
| Capillary | PEG-20M | 70. | 1049.5 | Tóth, 1983 | N2; Column length: 30. m; Column diameter: 0.3 mm |
| Packed | Carbowax 20M | 100. | 1068.2 | Vernon and Suratman, 1983 | He, A silanized white support; Column length: 2. m |
| Packed | Carbowax 20M | 110. | 1073.3 | Vernon and Suratman, 1983 | He, A silanized white support; Column length: 2. m |
| Packed | Carbowax 20M | 120. | 1078.4 | Vernon and Suratman, 1983 | He, A silanized white support; Column length: 2. m |
| Packed | Carbowax 20M | 130. | 1083.4 | Vernon and Suratman, 1983 | He, A silanized white support; Column length: 2. m |
| Packed | Carbowax 20M | 140. | 1088.5 | Vernon and Suratman, 1983 | He, A silanized white support; Column length: 2. m |
| Packed | Carbowax 20M | 75. | 1054. | Goebel, 1982 | N2, Kieselgur (60-100 mesh); Column length: 2. m |
| Capillary | PEG-20M | 100. | 1054. | Morishita, Okano, et al., 1980 | Column length: 75. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm |
| Packed | Carbowax 20M | 150. | 1069.7 | Ellis and Still, 1979 | Chromosorb W, AW-DMCS |
| Packed | Carbowax 20M | 115. | 1072.9 | Ellis and Still, 1979 | Chromosorb G |
| Packed | Carbowax 20M | 115. | 1073.4 | Ellis and Still, 1979 | Chromosorb G |
| Packed | Carbowax 20M | 150. | 1069.7 | Ellis and Still, 1979 | Chromosorb W, AW-DMCS |
| Packed | Carbowax 20M | 165. | 1090.9 | Ellis and Still, 1979, 2 | Chromosorb W, AW-DMCS |
| Capillary | Carbowax 20M | 100. | 1043.2 | Engewald and Wennrich, 1976 | N2; Column length: 100. m; Column diameter: 0.23 mm |
| Capillary | Carbowax 20M | 90. | 1027.1 | Döring, Estel, et al., 1974 | Column length: 100. m; Column diameter: 0.2 mm |
| Packed | PEG-2000 | 150. | 1077. | Anderson, Jurel, et al., 1973 | He, Celite 545 (44-60 mesh); Column length: 3. m |
| Packed | PEG-2000 | 152. | 1077. | Anderson, Jurel, et al., 1973 | He, Celite 545 (44-60 mesh); Column length: 3. m |
| Packed | PEG-2000 | 180. | 1093. | Anderson, Jurel, et al., 1973 | He, Celite 545 (44-60 mesh); Column length: 3. m |
| Packed | Polyethylene Glycol 4000 | 100. | 1071. | Bonastre and Grenier, 1967 | Chromosorb P; Column length: 6. m |
| Packed | Polyethylene Glycol 4000 | 120. | 1078. | Bonastre and Grenier, 1967 | Chromosorb P; Column length: 6. m |
| Packed | Polyethylene Glycol 4000 | 140. | 1085. | Bonastre and Grenier, 1967 | Chromosorb P; Column length: 6. m |
| Packed | Polyethylene Glycol 4000 | 80. | 1064. | Bonastre and Grenier, 1967 | Chromosorb P; Column length: 6. m |
| Packed | Carbowax 20M | 100. | 1066. | Rohrschneider, 1966 | Column length: 2. m |
Kovats' RI, polar column, temperature ramp
| Column type | Active phase | I | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Capillary | CBP-20 | 1042. | Shimadzu, 2003 | 25. m/0.2 mm/0.25 μm, He, 50. C @ 5. min, 4. K/min; Tend: 200. C |
| Capillary | DB-Wax | 1037. | Umano, Hagi, et al., 1994 | He, 40. C @ 2. min, 2. K/min; Column length: 60. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; Tend: 200. C |
| Capillary | Supelcowax-10 | 1042. | Wong and Teng, 1994 | He, 35. C @ 5. min, 3. K/min, 200. C @ 20. min; Column length: 60. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm |
| Capillary | DB-Wax | 1042. | Shimoda and Shibamoto, 1990 | He, 40. C @ 6. min, 3. K/min; Column length: 60. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; Tend: 190. C |
| Capillary | DB-Wax | 1040. | Tatsuka, Suekane, et al., 1990 | 60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 40. C @ 5. min, 3. K/min; Tend: 200. C |
| Capillary | DB-Wax | 1041. | Tatsuka, Suekane, et al., 1990 | 60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 40. C @ 5. min, 3. K/min; Tend: 200. C |
| Capillary | DB-Wax | 1037. | Tatsuka, Suekane, et al., 1990 | 60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 40. C @ 5. min, 3. K/min; Tend: 200. C |
| Capillary | DB-Wax | 1041. | Tatsuka, Suekane, et al., 1990 | 60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 40. C @ 5. min, 3. K/min; Tend: 200. C |
| Capillary | Carbowax 20M | 1019. | Nishimura, Yamaguchi, et al., 1989 | 2. K/min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.22 mm; Tstart: 80. C; Tend: 200. C |
| Capillary | DB-Wax | 1038. | Umano and Shibamoto, 1987 | He, 40. C @ 10. min, 2. K/min; Column length: 60. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; Tend: 200. C |
| Packed | PEG-20M | 1066. | Galt and MacLeod, 1984 | N2, Celite, 70. C @ 9. min, 10. K/min; Column length: 5.5 m; Tend: 175. C |
| Capillary | BP-20 | 1055. | MacLeod and Pieris, 1983 | H2, 65. C @ 3. min, 12. K/min; Column length: 25. m; Column diameter: 0.20 mm; Tend: 180. C |
Van Den Dool and Kratz RI, non-polar column, temperature ramp
| Column type | Active phase | I | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Capillary | SPB-5 | 771. | Engel and Ratel, 2007 | 60. m/0.32 mm/1. μm, 40. C @ 2. min, 3. K/min, 230. C @ 10. min |
| Capillary | DB-5 | 771. | Methven L., Tsoukka M., et al., 2007 | 60. m/0.32 mm/1. μm, 40. C @ 2. min, 4. K/min, 260. C @ 10. min |
| Capillary | SPB-5 | 769. | Deport, Ratel, et al., 2006 | 60. m/0.32 mm/1. μm, He, 40. C @ 5. min, 3. K/min, 230. C @ 5. min |
| Capillary | RTX-5 | 779.2 | Ádámová, Orinák, et al., 2005 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, N2, 40. C @ 2. min, 5. K/min, 300. C @ 10. min |
| Capillary | RTX-5 | 796.8 | Ádámová, Orinák, et al., 2005 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, N2, 40. C @ 2. min, 5. K/min, 300. C @ 10. min |
| Capillary | CP-Sil 8CB-MS | 765. | Elmore, Cooper, et al., 2005 | 0. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 40. C @ 2. min, 4. K/min, 280. C @ 5. min |
| Capillary | 5 % Phenyl methyl siloxane | 784. | Estevez, Ventanas, et al., 2005 | 30. m/0.25 mm/1. μm, He, 40. C @ 10. min, 7. K/min, 250. C @ 5. min |
| Capillary | HP-5 | 779. | Insausti, Goñi, et al., 2005 | 50. m/0.32 mm/1.05 μm, He, 35. C @ 15. min, 8. K/min, 220. C @ 5. min |
| Capillary | HP-5MS | 773. | Pino, Mesa, et al., 2005 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 60. C @ 2. min, 4. K/min, 250. C @ 20. min |
| Capillary | HP-5 | 784. | Solina, Baumgartner, et al., 2005 | 25. m/0.2 mm/1. μm, He, 5. K/min, 280. C @ 5. min; Tstart: 40. C |
| Capillary | CP-Sil 8CB-MS | 769. | Hierro, de la Hoz, et al., 2004 | 60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, 40. C @ 2. min, 4. K/min, 280. C @ 5. min |
| Capillary | SPB-5 | 775. | Pino, Marbot, et al., 2004 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 60. C @ 2. min, 4. K/min, 250. C @ 20. min |
| Capillary | SPB-5 | 776. | Pino, Marbot, et al., 2004, 2 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 60. C @ 2. min, 4. K/min, 250. C @ 20. min |
| Capillary | Petrocol DH | 755.4 | Censullo, Jones, et al., 2003 | 50. m/0.25 mm/0.5 μm, He, 35. C @ 10. min, 3. K/min, 200. C @ 10. min |
| Capillary | DB-5 | 750. | Flamini, Luigi Cioni, et al., 2003 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 3. K/min; Tstart: 60. C; Tend: 240. C |
| Capillary | HP-5 | 760. | Isidorov, Vinogorova, et al., 2003 | 25. C @ 5. min, 3. K/min; Column length: 30. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; Tend: 150. C |
| Capillary | SPB-1 | 747.02 | LECO Corporation, 2003 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, 40. C @ 2. min, 10. K/min, 250. C @ 2. min |
| Capillary | SPB-1 | 747.41 | LECO Corporation, 2003 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, 40. C @ 2. min, 10. K/min, 250. C @ 2. min |
| Capillary | CP Sil 5 CB | 744. | Pino, Almora, et al., 2003 | 60. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, He, 60. C @ 10. min, 3. K/min, 280. C @ 60. min |
| Capillary | DB-5 | 758.9 | Song, Lai, et al., 2003 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 2. K/min; Tstart: 40. C; Tend: 310. C |
| Capillary | DB-5 | 761.3 | Song, Lai, et al., 2003 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 4. K/min; Tstart: 40. C; Tend: 310. C |
| Capillary | DB-5 | 761.7 | Song, Lai, et al., 2003 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 6. K/min; Tstart: 40. C; Tend: 310. C |
| Capillary | DB-5 | 770.8 | Xu, van Stee, et al., 2003 | 30. m/0.25 mm/1. μm, He, 2.5 K/min; Tstart: 50. C; Tend: 200. C |
| Capillary | BPX-5 | 773. | Bredie, Mottram, et al., 2002 | 50. m/0.32 mm/0.5 μm, 60. C @ 5. min, 4. K/min, 250. C @ 20. min |
| Capillary | CP Sil 8 CB | 766. | Oruna-Concha, Ames, et al., 2002 | 60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 40. C @ 8. min, 4. K/min, 250. C @ 10. min |
| Capillary | SPB-5 | 776. | Pino, Marbot, et al., 2002 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 60. C @ 2. min, 4. K/min, 250. C @ 20. min |
| Capillary | HP-5 | 760. | Isidorov, Krajewska, et al., 2001 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 3. K/min; Tstart: 40. C; Tend: 180. C |
| Capillary | DB-1 | 752. | Kim, 2001 | 60. m/0.32 mm/1. μm, He, 40. C @ 5. min, 2. K/min; Tend: 220. C |
| Capillary | SPB-Sulfur | 756.5 | de Lacy Costello, Evans, et al., 2001 | 30. m/0.32 mm/4. μm, 40. C @ 12.5 min, 4. K/min; Tend: 200. C |
| Capillary | SPB-1 | 761. | Larráyoz, Addis, et al., 2001 | 30. m/0.32 mm/4. μm, He, 45. C @ 13. min, 5. K/min, 240. C @ 5. min |
| Capillary | OV-101 | 751.5 | Yin, Liu, et al., 2001 | N2, 1. K/min; Column length: 80. m; Column diameter: 0.22 mm; Tstart: 30. C; Tend: 130. C |
| Capillary | CP Sil 8 CB | 771. | Elmore, Mottram, et al., 2000 | 60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 40. C @ 2. min, 4. K/min; Tend: 280. C |
| Capillary | CP Sil 8 CB | 760. | Chevance and Farmer, 1999 | 60. C @ 5. min, 4. K/min, 220. C @ 30. min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm |
| Capillary | CP Sil 8 CB | 757. | Yassaa, Meklati, et al., 1999 | 25. m/0.2 mm/0.25 μm, 40. C @ 8. min, 2. K/min; Tend: 200. C |
| Capillary | BPX-5 | 777. | Aaslyng, Elmore, et al., 1998 | 50. m/0.32 mm/0.50 μm, He, 4. K/min; Tstart: 40. C; Tend: 280. C |
| Capillary | DB-1 | 742. | Beens, Tijssen, et al., 1998 | 10. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 2. K/min; Tstart: 30. C; Tend: 225. C |
| Capillary | SPB-5 | 768. | Verdier-Metz., Coulon, et al., 1998 | 60. m/0.32 mm/1. μm, He, 40. C @ 5. min, 3. K/min, 200. C @ 2. min |
| Capillary | SE-54 | 756. | Li, Wang, et al., 1998 | H2, 35. C @ 3. min, 4. K/min; Column length: 25. m; Column diameter: 0.31 mm; Tend: 250. C |
| Capillary | SE-54 | 756. | Li, Wang, et al., 1998 | H2, 35. C @ 3. min, 4. K/min; Column length: 25. m; Column diameter: 0.31 mm; Tend: 250. C |
| Capillary | SE-54 | 762.9 | Kivi-Etelätalo, Kostiainen, et al., 1997 | 50. m/0.32 mm/1. μm, He, 40. C @ 2. min, 10. K/min, 220. C @ 5. min |
| Capillary | PONA | 746.5 | Martos, Saraullo, et al., 1997 | 50. m/0.2 mm/0.5 μm, 35. C @ 0.5 min, 1. K/min, 220. C @ 8. min |
| Capillary | PONA | 747.1 | Martos, Saraullo, et al., 1997 | 50. m/0.2 mm/0.5 μm, 35. C @ 0.5 min, 1. K/min, 220. C @ 8. min |
| Capillary | OV-1 | 750.1 | Gautzsch and Zinn, 1996 | 8. K/min; Tstart: 35. C; Tend: 300. C |
| Capillary | DB-1 | 753.2 | Helmig, Pollock, et al., 1996 | 30. m/0.25 mm/1. μm, 6. K/min; Tstart: -50. C; Tend: 180. C |
| Capillary | DB-5 | 767.6 | Helmig, Pollock, et al., 1996 | 60. m/0.33 mm/0.25 μm, 6. K/min; Tstart: -50. C; Tend: 180. C |
| Capillary | DB-5 | 758.9 | Lai and Song, 1995 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 2. K/min; Tstart: 40. C; Tend: 310. C |
| Capillary | DB-5 | 761.3 | Lai and Song, 1995 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 4. K/min; Tstart: 40. C; Tend: 310. C |
| Capillary | DB-5 | 761.7 | Lai and Song, 1995 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 6. K/min; Tstart: 40. C; Tend: 310. C |
| Capillary | DB-1 | 751. | Specht and Baltes, 1994 | 60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, 35. C @ 10. min, 2. K/min, 280. C @ 10. min |
| Capillary | Petrocol DH | 748.39 | Subramaniam, Bochniak, et al., 1994 | 100. m/0.25 mm/0.5 μm, He, 1. K/min; Tstart: 30. C; Tend: 220. C |
| Capillary | Petrocol DH | 749.03 | Subramaniam, Bochniak, et al., 1994 | 100. m/0.25 mm/0.5 μm, He, 1. K/min; Tstart: 30. C; Tend: 220. C |
| Capillary | HP-101 | 762. | Chung, Eiserich, et al., 1993 | N2, 3. K/min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; Tstart: 70. C; Tend: 200. C |
| Capillary | Ultra-1 | 751. | Olson, Sinkevitch, et al., 1992 | 4. K/min; Tstart: -40. C; Tend: 230. C |
| Capillary | DB-1 | 754. | Peng, Hua, et al., 1992 | 30. m/0.32 mm/1.5 μm, 40. C @ 4. min, 8. K/min; Tend: 280. C |
| Capillary | Petrocol DH | 748.65 | White, Douglas, et al., 1992 | 100. m/0.25 mm/0.5 μm, He, 1. K/min; Tstart: 30. C; Tend: 220. C |
| Capillary | Petrocol DH | 749. | White, Douglas, et al., 1992 | 100. m/0.25 mm/0.5 μm, He, 1. K/min; Tstart: 30. C; Tend: 220. C |
| Capillary | Petrocol DH | 749. | White, Hackett, et al., 1992 | 100. m/0.25 mm/0.5 μm, He, 1. K/min; Tstart: 30. C; Tend: 220. C |
| Packed | SE-30 | 775. | Fischer and Kusch, 1990 | Chromosorb W AW (80-100 mesh), 5. K/min; Column length: 1.5 m; Tstart: 60. C; Tend: 280. C |
| Capillary | DB-5 | 759. | Morinaga, Hara, et al., 1990 | 15. m/0.53 mm/1.5 μm, He, 4. K/min; Tstart: 40. C; Tend: 90. C |
| Capillary | HP-1 | 756.8 | Bangjie, Xijian, et al., 1987 | N2, 10. K/min; Column length: 25. m; Column diameter: 0.2 mm; Tstart: 30. C |
| Capillary | HP-1 | 753.4 | Bangjie, Xijian, et al., 1987 | N2, 2. K/min; Column length: 25. m; Column diameter: 0.2 mm; Tstart: 30. C |
| Capillary | HP-1 | 752.8 | Bangjie, Xijian, et al., 1987 | N2, 30. C @ 5. min, 5. K/min; Column length: 25. m; Column diameter: 0.2 mm |
| Capillary | SPB-1 | 763. | Huang, Bruechert, et al., 1987 | 60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 35. C @ 10. min, 2. K/min, 235. C @ 40. min |
| Capillary | SPB-1 | 763. | Huang, Bruechert, et al., 1987 | 60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 35. C @ 10. min, 2. K/min, 235. C @ 40. min |
| Capillary | Ultra-1 | 746.99 | Haynes and Pitzer, 1985 | 50. m/0.22 mm/0.33 μm, He, 1. K/min; Tstart: -30. C; Tend: 240. C |
| Capillary | Ultra-1 | 749.29 | Haynes and Pitzer, 1985 | 50. m/0.22 mm/0.33 μm, He, 2. K/min; Tstart: -30. C; Tend: 240. C |
| Capillary | Ultra-1 | 750.81 | Haynes and Pitzer, 1985 | 50. m/0.22 mm/0.33 μm, He, 3. K/min; Tstart: -30. C; Tend: 240. C |
| Capillary | Ultra-2 | 761.89 | Haynes and Pitzer, 1985 | 50. m/0.22 mm/0.33 μm, He, 1. K/min; Tstart: -30. C; Tend: 240. C |
| Capillary | Ultra-2 | 764.46 | Haynes and Pitzer, 1985 | 50. m/0.22 mm/0.33 μm, He, 2. K/min; Tstart: -30. C; Tend: 240. C |
| Capillary | Ultra-2 | 766.26 | Haynes and Pitzer, 1985 | 50. m/0.22 mm/0.33 μm, He, 3. K/min; Tstart: -30. C; Tend: 240. C |
| Packed | SE-30 | 764. | Buchman, Cao, et al., 1984 | He, Chromosorb AW, 40. C @ 10. min, 10. K/min, 210. C @ 30. min; Column length: 3.05 m |
| Capillary | OV-1 | 755.27 | Knoppel, de Bortoli, et al., 1983 | 35. C @ 5. min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.2 mm; Tend: 280. C |
| Capillary | OV-1 | 754.08 | Knoppel, de Bortoli, et al., 1983 | 35. C @ 5. min; Column length: 25. m; Column diameter: 0.31 mm; Tend: 280. C |
| Capillary | OV-1 | 752. | Knoppel, de Bortoli, et al., 1982 | 24. m/0.3 mm/1.1 μm, 35. C @ 5. min, 4. K/min; Tend: 250. C |
| Capillary | OV-1 | 751.88 | Knoppel, de Bortoli, et al., 1982 | 30. m/0.3 mm/1.1 μm, 35. C @ 5. min, 4. K/min; Tend: 250. C |
| Capillary | OV-101 | 748. | Hayes and Pitzer, 1981 | 108. m/0.25 mm/0.2 μm, 1. K/min; Tstart: 35. C; Tend: 200. C |
| Packed | OV-101 | 730. | Nixon, Wong, et al., 1979 | Gas-Chrom Q, 2. K/min; Column length: 2.5 m; Tstart: 50. C; Tend: 220. C |
| Capillary | OV-1 | 754. | Schreyen, Dirinck, et al., 1976 | 1. K/min; Column length: 183. m; Column diameter: 0.762 mm; Tstart: 0. C; Tend: 230. C |
| Packed | SE-30 | 781. | Haken and McKay, 1966 | He, Celite 560, 20. K/min; Column length: 3.0 m; Tstart: 100. C; Tend: 250. C |
Van Den Dool and Kratz RI, non-polar column, custom temperature program
| Column type | Active phase | I | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Capillary | DB-5 | 762. | Moon, Cliff, et al., 2006 | 30. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 40C(3min) => 3C/min => 180C => 10C/min => 260C(2min) |
| Capillary | HP-5MS | 762. | Bonaiti, Irlinger, et al., 2005 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 5C(8min) => 3C/min => 20C => 10C/min => 150C(10min) |
| Capillary | HP-5 | 762. | Engel, Baty, et al., 2002 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 5C(5min) => 3C/min => 20C => 5C/min => 100C 15C/min => 150C (5min) |
| Capillary | CP Sil 8 CB | 768. | Oruna-Concha, Bakker, et al., 2002 | 60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 0C => rapidly => 40C(8min) => 4C/min => 250C(10min) |
| Capillary | CP Sil 8 CB | 771. | Duckham, Dodson, et al., 2001 | 60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm; Program: 0C => rapidly => 40C(8min) => 4C/min => 250C(10min) |
| Capillary | DB-5 | 778. | Parker, Hassell, et al., 2000 | 50. m/0.32 mm/0.5 μm, He; Program: oC(5min) => 60C/min => 60C (5min) => 4C/min => 250C |
| Capillary | DB-1 | 754. | Peng, 2000 | 15. m/0.53 mm/1. μm, He; Program: 40C(3min) => 8C/min => 200(1min) => 5C/min => 300C(25min) |
| Capillary | DB-5 | 756. | Boulanger, Chassagne, et al., 1999 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, H2; Program: 40C(5min) => 2C/min => 220C => 5C/min => 250C(15min) |
| Capillary | DB-5 | 770. | Boulanger, Chassagne, et al., 1999 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, H2; Program: 40C(5min) => 2C/min => 220C => 5C/min => 250C(15min) |
| Capillary | Methyl Silicone | 765.30 | Hassoun, Pilling, et al., 1999 | 50. m/0.25 mm/1. μm, He; Program: -50C(2min) => 49.9C/min => 35C(10min) => 3C/min => 200C(2min) => 40C/min => 240C(30min) |
| Capillary | BPX-5 | 771. | Bredie, Mottram, et al., 1998 | 50. m/0.32 mm/0.5 μm, He; Program: OC (5min) => 60C/min => 60C(5min) => 4C/min => 250C |
| Capillary | SE-54 | 760. | Li, Wang, et al., 1998 | H2; Column length: 25. m; Column diameter: 0.31 mm; Program: not specified |
| Capillary | DB-1 | 751. | Mattinen, Tuominen, et al., 1995 | 30. m/0.32 mm/1. μm, He; Program: 40C(3min) => 5C/min => 150C => 10C/min => 210C(30min) |
| Capillary | DB-5 | 761. | Beal and Mottram, 1994 | 30. m/0.32 mm/1.0 μm, He; Program: 5 0C (0.5 min) -> (1 min) 60 0C (5 min) 4 0C/min -> 250 0C |
| Capillary | HP-PONA | 744. | Maignial, Pibarot, et al., 1992 | 50. m/0.2 mm/0.5 μm; Program: 20C(0.5min) => fast => 60C => 4C/min => 250C |
| Packed | SE-30 | 764. | Peng, Ding, et al., 1988 | Supelcoport; Chromosorb; Column length: 3.05 m; Program: 40C(5min) => 10C/min => 200C or 250C (60min) |
Van Den Dool and Kratz RI, polar column, temperature ramp
| Column type | Active phase | I | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Capillary | DB-Wax | 1036. | Fernandez-Segovia, Escriche, et al., 2006 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 50. C @ 5. min, 10. K/min, 230. C @ 25. min |
| Capillary | CP-Wax 52CB | 1027. | Mahadevan and Farmer, 2006 | 60. C @ 5. min, 4. K/min, 220. C @ 30. min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm |
| Capillary | CP-Wax 52CB | 1034. | Alasalvar, Taylor, et al., 2005 | 60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, 35. C @ 4. min, 3. K/min; Tend: 203. C |
| Capillary | Supelcowax-10 | 1017. | Chung, Fung, et al., 2005 | 60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, 35. C @ 5. min, 6. K/min, 195. C @ 60. min |
| Capillary | Stabilwax | 1029. | Cros, Lignot, et al., 2005 | 60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 40. C @ 5. min, 3. K/min, 240. C @ 10. min |
| Capillary | Supelcowax-10 | 1046. | Elmore, Nisyrios, et al., 2005 | 60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 40. C @ 2. min, 4. K/min; Tend: 280. C |
| Capillary | DB-Wax | 1075. | Malliaa, Fernandez-Garcia, et al., 2005 | 60. m/0.32 mm/1. μm, He, 45. C @ 1. min, 5. K/min, 250. C @ 12. min |
| Capillary | Supelcowax-10 | 1073. | Riu-Aumatell, Lopez-Tamames, et al., 2005 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 60. C @ 5. min, 3. K/min, 240. C @ 10. min |
| Capillary | Carbowax 20M | 1033. | Verzera, Campisi, et al., 2005 | 60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 45. C @ 0.17 min, 2. K/min; Tend: 250. C |
| Capillary | ZB-Wax | 1014. | Ledauphin, Saint-Clair, et al., 2004 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.15 μm, He, 35. C @ 5. min, 5. K/min, 220. C @ 10. min |
| Capillary | Carbowax | 1056. | Censullo, Jones, et al., 2003 | 60. m/0.25 mm/0.5 μm, He, 50. C @ 10. min, 5. K/min, 250. C @ 10. min |
| Capillary | Stabilwax | 1029. | Cros, Vandanjon, et al., 2003 | 60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 40. C @ 5. min, 3. K/min, 240. C @ 10. min |
| Capillary | AT-Wax | 1028. | Pino, Almora, et al., 2003 | 60. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, He, 65. C @ 10. min, 2. K/min, 250. C @ 60. min |
| Capillary | Supelcowax-10 | 1041. | Chung, Yung, et al., 2002 | 60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 35. C @ 5. min, 2. K/min, 195. C @ 90. min |
| Capillary | Supelcowax-10 | 1041. | Chung, Yung, et al., 2001 | 60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 35. C @ 5. min, 2. K/min, 195. C @ 90. min |
| Capillary | DB-Wax | 1033. | Kim, 2001 | 60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 40. C @ 5. min, 2. K/min, 200. C @ 30. min |
| Capillary | CP-Wax 52CB | 1040. | Liu, Yang, et al., 2001 | H2, 2. K/min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; Tstart: 50. C; Tend: 200. C |
| Capillary | DB-Wax | 1039. | Shimoda, Yoshimura, et al., 2001 | 60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 2. K/min, 230. C @ 60. min; Tstart: 50. C |
| Capillary | CP-Wax 52CB | 1033. | Verzera, Campisi, et al., 2001 | 60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 45. C @ 0.17 min, 2. K/min; Tend: 250. C |
| Capillary | DB-Wax | 1040. | Le Guen, Prost, et al., 2000 | 60. m/0.32 mm/0.5 μm, He, 40. C @ 2. min, 4. K/min, 250. C @ 10. min |
| Capillary | DB-Wax | 1043. | Peng, 2000 | 15. m/0.53 mm/1. μm, He, 40. C @ 3. min, 5. K/min, 220. C @ 30. min |
| Capillary | HP-Wax | 1049. | Peng, 2000 | 15. m/0.53 mm/1. μm, He, 40. C @ 3. min, 5. K/min, 220. C @ 30. min |
| Capillary | CP-Wax 52CB | 1031. | Chevance and Farmer, 1999 | 60. C @ 5. min, 4. K/min, 220. C @ 30. min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm |
| Capillary | CP-Wax 52CB | 1024. | Chevance and Farmer, 1999, 2 | 60. C @ 5. min, 4. K/min, 220. C @ 30. min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm |
| Capillary | Supelcowax-10 | 1041. | Chung, 1999 | 60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 35. C @ 5. min, 2. K/min, 195. C @ 90. min |
| Capillary | DB-Wax | 1033. | Cha, Kim, et al., 1998 | 60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, 40. C @ 5. min, 3. K/min, 200. C @ 60. min |
| Capillary | FFAP | 1044. | Ott, Fay, et al., 1997 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 20. C @ 1. min, 4. K/min, 200. C @ 1. min |
| Capillary | DB-Wax | 1058. | Shimoda, Peralta, et al., 1996 | 60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 3. K/min; Tstart: 50. C; Tend: 230. C |
| Capillary | DB-Wax | 1042. | Shimoda, Shiratsuchi, et al., 1996 | 60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 2. K/min, 230. C @ 60. min; Tstart: 50. C |
| Capillary | DB-Wax | 1040. | Shimoda, Wu, et al., 1996 | 60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 3. K/min; Tstart: 50. C; Tend: 230. C |
| Capillary | DB-Wax | 1028. | Shimoda, Shigematsu, et al., 1995 | 60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, 2. K/min; Tstart: 50. C; Tend: 230. C |
| Capillary | DB-Wax | 1039. | Chung, Eiserich, et al., 1994 | He, 60. C @ 4. min, 3. K/min, 220. C @ 30. min; Column length: 60. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm |
| Capillary | DB-Wax | 1036. | Iwaoka, Hagi, et al., 1994 | He, 40. C @ 5. min, 2. K/min; Column length: 30. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; Tend: 200. C |
| Capillary | DB-Wax | 1049. | Shiratsuchi, Shimoda, et al., 1994 | 60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 2. K/min, 230. C @ 60. min; Tstart: 50. C |
| Capillary | DB-Wax | 1040. | Sumitani, Suekane, et al., 1994 | He, 40. C @ 5. min, 3. K/min; Column length: 60. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; Tend: 200. C |
| Capillary | Supelcowax-10 | 1037. | Chung and Cadwallader, 1993 | 60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 40. C @ 5. min, 2. K/min, 195. C @ 40. min |
| Capillary | HP-20M | 1042. | Chung, Eiserich, et al., 1993 | He, 3. K/min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; Tstart: 60. C; Tend: 190. C |
| Capillary | HP-FFAP | 1070. | Chung, Eiserich, et al., 1993 | He, 3. K/min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; Tstart: 60. C; Tend: 210. C |
| Capillary | DB-Wax | 1035. | Shiratsuchi, Shimoda, et al., 1993 | 60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, 50. C @ 4. min, 2. K/min, 230. C @ 30. min |
| Capillary | DB-Wax | 1051. | Peng, Hua, et al., 1992 | 30. m/0.53 mm/1. μm, 40. C @ 4. min, 8. K/min, 200. C @ 20. min |
| Capillary | CP-Wax 52CB | 1019. | Wu and Liou, 1992 | H2, 50. C @ 10. min, 1.5 K/min, 200. C @ 80. min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm |
| Capillary | Carbowax 20M | 1015. | Suárez and Duque, 1991 | 2. K/min; Column length: 25. m; Column diameter: 0.31 mm; Tstart: 50. C; Tend: 200. C |
| Capillary | Carbowax 20M | 1025. | Suárez and Duque, 1991 | 2. K/min; Column length: 25. m; Column diameter: 0.31 mm; Tstart: 50. C; Tend: 200. C |
| Capillary | Supelcowax-10 | 1042. | Matiella and Hsieh, 1990 | 60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, 40. C @ 5. min, 2. K/min, 175. C @ 20. min |
| Capillary | Supelcowax-10 | 1040. | Tanchotikul and Hsieh, 1989 | 60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, 40. C @ 5. min, 2. K/min, 175. C @ 20. min |
| Capillary | Supelcowax-10 | 1043. | Tanchotikul and Hsieh, 1989 | 60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, 40. C @ 5. min, 2. K/min, 175. C @ 20. min |
| Capillary | CP-WAX 57CB | 1022. | Baltes and Mevissen, 1988 | He, 50. C @ 5. min, 2. K/min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.24 mm; Tend: 210. C |
| Capillary | Carbowax 20M | 1027. | Chen and Ho, 1988 | He, 1.5 K/min, 225. C @ 80. min; Column length: 60. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; Tstart: 50. C |
| Packed | Carbowax 20M | 1061. | Buchman, Cao, et al., 1984 | He, Supelcoport, 40. C @ 10. min, 10. K/min, 210. C @ 30. min; Column length: 3.05 m |
Van Den Dool and Kratz RI, polar column, custom temperature program
| Column type | Active phase | I | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Capillary | Supelcowax-10 | 1035. | Bianchi, Cantoni, et al., 2007 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm; Program: 35C(8min) => 4C/min => 60C => 6C/min => 160C => 20C/min => 220C(1min) |
| Capillary | Supelcowax-10 | 1040. | Bianchi, Careri, et al., 2007 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 35C(8min) => 4C/min => 60C => 6C/min => 160C => 20C/min => 200C(1min) |
| Capillary | Supelcowax-10 | 1043. | Bianchi, Careri, et al., 2007 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 35C(8min) => 4C/min => 60C => 6C/min => 160C => 20C/min => 200C(1min) |
| Capillary | Supelcowax-10 | 1035. | Bianchi, Careri, et al., 2007 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 35C(8min) => 4C/min => 60C => 6C/min => 160C => 20C/min => 200C(1min) |
| Capillary | Supelcowax-10 | 1035. | Bianchi, Careri, et al., 2007 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 35C(8min) => 4C/min => 60C => 6C/min => 160C => 20C/min => 200C(1min) |
| Capillary | Supelcowax-10 | 1035. | Bianchi, Careri, et al., 2007 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 35C(8min) => 4C/min => 60C => 6C/min => 160C => 20C/min => 200C(1min) |
| Capillary | FFAP | 1058. | Ranau, Kleeberg, et al., 2005 | 60. m/0.25 mm/0.5 μm, He; Program: 50C(3min) => 3C/min => 100C => 10C/min => 220C(13.5min) |
| Capillary | CP-Wax 52CB | 1047. | Verzera, Ziino, et al., 2004 | 60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 45C(5min) => 10C/min => 80C => 2C/min => 240C |
| Capillary | CP-Wax 52CB | 1038. | Alasalvar, Shahidi, et al., 2003 | 60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 40C => 5C/min => 60C => 2.5C/min => 155C |
| Capillary | DB-Wax | 1034. | Boulanger and Crouzet, 2001 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, H2; Program: 60C (3min) => 2C/min => 220C => 5C/min => 250C (15min) |
| Capillary | DB-Wax | 1033. | Cantergiani, Brevard, et al., 2001 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm; Program: 20C(30s) => fast => 60C => 4C/min => 220C (20min) |
| Capillary | Supelcowax-10 | 1050. | Maignial, Pibarot, et al., 1992 | 60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm; Program: 20C(0.5min) => fast => 60C => 4C/min => 220C |
Normal alkane RI, non-polar column, isothermal
| Column type | Active phase | Temperature (C) | I | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Capillary | Polydimethyl siloxane | 105. | 766. | Tello, Lebron-Aguilar, et al., 2009 | |
| Capillary | Polydimethyl siloxane | 75. | 760. | Tello, Lebron-Aguilar, et al., 2009 | |
| Capillary | Polydimethyl siloxane | 90. | 763. | Tello, Lebron-Aguilar, et al., 2009 | |
| Capillary | Methyl Silicone | 100. | 766. | Lebrón-Aguilar, Quintanilla-López, et al., 2007 | |
| Capillary | Methyl Silicone | 120. | 771. | Lebrón-Aguilar, Quintanilla-López, et al., 2007 | |
| Capillary | Methyl Silicone | 140. | 776. | Lebrón-Aguilar, Quintanilla-López, et al., 2007 | |
| Capillary | Methyl Silicone | 80. | 761. | Lebrón-Aguilar, Quintanilla-López, et al., 2007 | |
| Capillary | Methyl Silicone | 120. | 772. | Chen and Feng, 2006 | |
| Capillary | DB-1 | 60. | 757. | Shimadzu, 2003, 2 | 60. m/0.32 mm/1. μm, He |
| Capillary | OV-101 | 40. | 754. | Li and Deng, 1998 | N2; Column length: 51. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm |
| Capillary | OV-101 | 100. | 764. | Gerasimenko and Nabivach, 1995 | 50. m/0.30 mm/0.26 μm, Nitrogen |
| Capillary | OV-101 | 100. | 766. | Gerasimenko and Nabivach, 1995 | 50. m/0.30 mm/0.26 μm, Nitrogen |
| Capillary | OV-101 | 100. | 766. | Gerasimenko and Nabivach, 1995 | 50. m/0.30 mm/0.26 μm, Nitrogen |
| Capillary | OV-101 | 100. | 766. | Gerasimenko and Nabivach, 1995 | 50. m/0.30 mm/0.26 μm, Nitrogen |
| Capillary | OV-101 | 100. | 767. | Gerasimenko and Nabivach, 1995 | 50. m/0.30 mm/0.26 μm, Nitrogen |
| Capillary | Squalane | 100. | 757. | Berezkin, 1993 | |
| Capillary | Squalane | 100. | 763. | Berezkin, 1993 | |
| Capillary | OV-101 | 100. | 766. | Tian, 1993 | Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.20 mm |
| Capillary | OV-101 | 100. | 766. | Tian, 1993 | Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.20 mm |
| Capillary | OV-101 | 120. | 770. | Tian, 1993 | Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.20 mm |
| Capillary | OV-101 | 120. | 772. | Tian, 1993 | Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.20 mm |
| Capillary | OV-101 | 102. | 760. | Wang, Deng, et al., 1992 | Column length: 23. m; Column diameter: 0.50 mm |
| Capillary | OV-101 | 106. | 760. | Wang, Deng, et al., 1992 | Column length: 23. m; Column diameter: 0.50 mm |
| Capillary | OV-101 | 110. | 762. | Wang, Deng, et al., 1992 | Column length: 23. m; Column diameter: 0.50 mm |
| Capillary | OV-101 | 114. | 763. | Wang, Deng, et al., 1992 | Column length: 23. m; Column diameter: 0.50 mm |
| Capillary | OV-101 | 94. | 758. | Wang, Deng, et al., 1992 | Column length: 23. m; Column diameter: 0.50 mm |
| Capillary | OV-101 | 98. | 758. | Wang, Deng, et al., 1992 | Column length: 23. m; Column diameter: 0.50 mm |
| Capillary | OV-101 | 98. | 759. | Wang, Deng, et al., 1992 | Column length: 23. m; Column diameter: 0.50 mm |
| Capillary | SE-54 | 70. | 769. | Wang, Deng, et al., 1992 | N2; Column length: 23. m; Column diameter: 0.50 mm |
| Capillary | SE-54 | 74. | 771. | Wang, Deng, et al., 1992 | N2; Column length: 23. m; Column diameter: 0.50 mm |
| Capillary | SE-54 | 74. | 771. | Wang, Deng, et al., 1992 | N2; Column length: 23. m; Column diameter: 0.50 mm |
| Capillary | SE-54 | 78. | 772. | Wang, Deng, et al., 1992 | N2; Column length: 23. m; Column diameter: 0.50 mm |
| Capillary | SE-54 | 82. | 773. | Wang, Deng, et al., 1992 | N2; Column length: 23. m; Column diameter: 0.50 mm |
| Capillary | SE-54 | 86. | 774. | Wang, Deng, et al., 1992 | N2; Column length: 23. m; Column diameter: 0.50 mm |
| Capillary | SE-54 | 90. | 776. | Wang, Deng, et al., 1992 | N2; Column length: 23. m; Column diameter: 0.50 mm |
| Capillary | Methyl Silicone | 50. | 745. | N/A | N2; Column length: 74.6 m; Column diameter: 0.28 mm |
| Capillary | OV-101 | 50. | 754. | Wu and Lu, 1984 | |
| Capillary | OV-101 | 70. | 758. | Wu and Lu, 1984 | |
| Capillary | E-301 | 100. | 770. | Bermejo, Moinelo, et al., 1980 | N2; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm |
| Capillary | Squalane | 100. | 760. | Bermejo, Moinelo, et al., 1980 | N2; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm |
| Capillary | Squalane | 95.4 | 746. | Sojak and Vigdergauz, 1978 | H2 |
| Capillary | Squalane | 110. | 759. | Papazova and Pankova, 1975 | N2; Column length: 100. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm |
| Packed | Apiezon L | 100. | 792. | Kavan, 1973 | Column length: 3.2 m |
| Capillary | Squalane | 86. | 743. | Vigdergauz and Martynov, 1971 | He; Column length: 150. m; Column diameter: 0.35 mm |
| Packed | DC-400 | 150. | 769. | Anderson, 1968 | Helium, Gas-Pak (60-80 mesh); Column length: 3.0 m |
| Packed | Polydimethyl siloxane | 110. | 768. | Ferrand, 1962 |
Normal alkane RI, non-polar column, temperature ramp
| Column type | Active phase | I | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Capillary | Polydimethyl siloxane: CP-Sil 5 CB | 756. | Bramston-Cook, 2013 | 60. m/0.25 mm/1.0 μm, Helium, 45. C @ 1.45 min, 3.6 K/min, 210. C @ 2.72 min |
| Capillary | Optima-5 MS | 759. | Goeminne, Vandendriessche, et al., 2012 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium, 35. C @ 3. min, 10. K/min, 250. C @ 5. min |
| Capillary | HP-5 MS | 757. | Kotowska, Zalikowski, et al., 2012 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium, 35. C @ 5. min, 3. K/min, 300. C @ 15. min |
| Capillary | Petrocol DH | 751. | Supelco, 2012 | 100. m/0.25 mm/0.50 μm, Helium, 20. C @ 15. min, 15. K/min, 220. C @ 30. min |
| Capillary | DB-5 | 762. | Czerny, Brueckner, et al., 2011 | 30. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, Helium, 40. C @ 2. min, 8. K/min, 250. C @ 5. min |
| Capillary | VF-5 MS | 763. | Leffingwell and Alford, 2011 | 60. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, Helium, 2. K/min, 260. C @ 28. min; Tstart: 30. C |
| Capillary | VF-5 MS | 769. | Leffingwell and Alford, 2011 | 60. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, Helium, 2. K/min, 260. C @ 28. min; Tstart: 30. C |
| Capillary | Ultra-ALLOY-5 | 765. | Tsuge, Ohtan, et al., 2011 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, 40. C @ 2. min, 20. K/min, 320. C @ 13. min |
| Capillary | Ultra-ALLOY-5 | 766. | Tsuge, Ohtan, et al., 2011 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, 40. C @ 2. min, 20. K/min, 320. C @ 13. min |
| Capillary | ZB-5 | 766. | Harrison and Priest, 2009 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium, 40. C @ 1. min, 6. K/min, 280. C @ 9. min |
| Capillary | HP-5 MS | 759. | Kim and Chung, 2009 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium, 35. C @ 5. min, 2. K/min, 195. C @ 30. min |
| Capillary | SPB-5 | 771. | Sivadier, Ratel, et al., 2009 | 60. m/0.32 mm/1.00 μm, 40. C @ 5. min, 3. K/min, 230. C @ 10. min |
| Capillary | SPB-1 | 757. | Frerot, Velluz, et al., 2008 | 30. m/0.25 mm/1.0 μm, Helium, 60. C @ 5. min, 5. K/min; Tend: 250. C |
| Capillary | HP-5 | 773. | Mildner-Szkudlarz and Jelen, 2008 | 10. m/0.10 mm/0.40 μm, Helium, 40. C @ 1. min, 20. K/min, 280. C @ 1. min |
| Capillary | VF-5MS | 758. | Ghiasvand, Setkova, et al., 2007 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, 7. K/min; Tstart: 40. C; Tend: 250. C |
| Capillary | SPB-5 | 770. | Vasta, Ratel, et al., 2007 | 60. m/0.32 mm/1. μm, 40. C @ 5. min, 3. K/min, 230. C @ 5. min |
| Capillary | SPB-5 | 770. | Vasta, Ratel, et al., 2007 | 60. m/0.32 mm/1. μm, 40. C @ 5. min, 3. K/min, 230. C @ 5. min |
| Capillary | HP-1 | 753. | Berlioz, Cordella, et al., 2006 | 50. m/0.2 mm/0.33 μm, N2, 2. K/min, 250. C @ 20. min; Tstart: 60. C |
| Capillary | HP-1 | 746. | Castel, Fernandez, et al., 2006 | 50. m/0.2 mm/0.33 μm, He, 60. C @ 4. min, 2. K/min, 250. C @ 30. min |
| Capillary | HP-1 | 746. | Castel, Fernandez, et al., 2006 | 50. m/0.2 mm/0.33 μm, He, 60. C @ 4. min, 2. K/min, 250. C @ 30. min |
| Capillary | HP-1 | 750. | Castel, Fernandez, et al., 2006 | 50. m/0.2 mm/0.33 μm, He, 60. C @ 4. min, 2. K/min, 250. C @ 30. min |
| Capillary | HP-1 | 750. | Castel, Fernandez, et al., 2006, 2 | 50. m/0.2 mm/0.5 μm, He, 2. K/min, 250. C @ 120. min; Tstart: 60. C |
| Capillary | HP-1 | 750. | Castel, Fernandez, et al., 2006, 2 | 50. m/0.2 mm/0.33 μm, He, 60. C @ 4. min, 2. K/min, 250. C @ 30. min |
| Capillary | DB-5 MS | 756. | Schirack, Drake, et al., 2006 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, 40. C @ 3. min, 8. K/min, 200. C @ 20. min |
| Capillary | Petrocol DH | 756. | Sojak, Kubinec, et al., 2006 | 150. m/0.25 mm/1.0 μm, 1. K/min; Tstart: 40. C; Tend: 300. C |
| Capillary | HP-5 | 766.1 | Leffingwell and Alford, 2005 | 60. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, He, 30. C @ 2. min, 2. K/min, 260. C @ 28. min |
| Capillary | MDN-5 | 766. | van Loon, Linssen, et al., 2005 | 60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 40. C @ 4. min, 4. K/min, 270. C @ 5. min |
| Capillary | SPB-5 | 773. | Pino, Marbot, et al., 2005 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 60. C @ 2. min, 4. K/min, 250. C @ 20. min |
| Capillary | HP-1 | 753. | Cavalli, Fernandez, et al., 2004 | 50. m/0.2 mm/0.33 μm, N2, 2. K/min, 250. C @ 20. min; Tstart: 60. C |
| Capillary | SE-54 | 776. | Kilic, Hafizoglu, et al., 2004 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 60. C @ 5. min, 2. K/min; Tend: 260. C |
| Capillary | DB-1 | 745. | Park, Lee, et al., 2004 | 60. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, He, 35. C @ 4. min, 2. K/min, 230. C @ 25. min |
| Capillary | DB-1 | 748. | Park, Lee, et al., 2004 | 60. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, He, 35. C @ 4. min, 2. K/min, 230. C @ 25. min |
| Capillary | 5 % Phenyl methyl siloxane | 772. | Ramírez, Estévez, et al., 2004 | 0. m/0.25 mm/1. μm, He, 40. C @ 10. min, 7. K/min, 250. C @ 5. min |
| Capillary | DB-1 | 771. | Butrym and Hartman, 2003 | 60. m/0.53 mm/0.5 μm, 10. K/min, 280. C @ 5. min; Tstart: -20. C |
| Capillary | DB-5 | 764. | Dhanda, Pegg, et al., 2003 | 60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 35. C @ 2. min, 5. K/min, 280. C @ 4. min |
| Capillary | MDN-5 | 773. | Mildner-Szkudlarz, Jelen, et al., 2003 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 40. C @ 1. min, 20. K/min, 280. C @ 1. min |
| Capillary | DB-5 | 773. | Pino, Marbot, et al., 2003 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, H2, 60. C @ 10. min, 4. K/min, 280. C @ 40. min |
| Capillary | SPB-5 | 768. | Sebastian, Viallon-Fernandez, et al., 2003 | 60. m/0.32 mm/1.0 μm, Helium, 3. K/min; Tstart: 30. C; Tend: 230. C |
| Capillary | SPB-1 | 741. | Vichi, Castellote, et al., 2003 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 40. C @ 10. min, 3. K/min; Tend: 200. C |
| Capillary | SPB-1 | 742. | Vichi, Pizzale, et al., 2003 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 40. C @ 10. min, 3. K/min; Tend: 200. C |
| Capillary | 5 % Phenyl methyl siloxane | 766. | Hussam, Alauddin, et al., 2002 | 15. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, 5. K/min, 250. C @ 2. min; Tstart: 40. C |
| Capillary | HP-5 | 761. | Isidorov and Jdanova, 2002 | 3. K/min; Column length: 30. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; Tstart: 50. C; Tend: 200. C |
| Capillary | SPB-5 | 776. | Pino, Marbot, et al., 2002, 2 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium, 60. C @ 2. min, 4. K/min, 250. C @ 20. min |
| Capillary | SPB-5 | 769. | Poligné, Collignan, et al., 2001 | 60. m/0.32 mm/1. μm, He, 3. K/min; Tstart: 40. C; Tend: 200. C |
| Capillary | HP-5 | 770. | García, Martín, et al., 2000 | 60. m/0.32 mm/1. μm, He, 3. K/min; Tstart: 40. C; Tend: 240. C |
| Capillary | BP-1 | 761. | Health Safety Executive, 2000 | 50. m/0.22 mm/0.75 μm, He, 5. K/min; Tstart: 50. C; Tend: 200. C |
| Capillary | DB-5MS | 753.2 | Shoenmakers, Oomen, et al., 2000 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 40. C @ 1. min, 3. K/min; Tend: 250. C |
| Capillary | Methyl Silicone | 751.13 | Baraldi, Rapparini, et al., 1999 | 60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, 40. C @ 10. min, 5. K/min; Tend: 220. C |
| Capillary | HP-5 | 770. | Jung, Wichmann, et al., 1999 | 25. m/0.20 mm/0.33 μm, 50. C @ 3. min, 5. K/min; Tend: 180. C |
| Capillary | DB-5 | 769. | Meynier, Novelli, et al., 1999 | 30. m/0.32 mm/1. μm, 40. C @ 5. min, 3. K/min; Tend: 200. C |
| Capillary | OV-1 | 753. | Orav, Kailas, et al., 1999 | 2. K/min; Tstart: 50. C; Tend: 160. C |
| Capillary | OV-101 | 754. | Orav, Kailas, et al., 1999, 2 | 50. m/0.20 mm/0.50 μm, Helium, 30. C @ 6. min, 1. K/min; Tend: 100. C |
| Capillary | SE-54 | 756. | Ding, Deng, et al., 1998 | 35. C @ 3. min, 4. K/min; Column length: 25. m; Column diameter: 0.31 mm; Tend: 250. C |
| Capillary | SE-54 | 779. | Huang, Liang, et al., 1996 | 36. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, 5. K/min; Tstart: 35. C; Tend: 240. C |
| Capillary | SE-54 | 752. | Guan, Li, et al., 1995 | 60. C @ 2. min, 4. K/min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; Tend: 200. C |
| Capillary | HP-5 | 771.2 | Wang and Fingas, 1995 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 35. C @ 2. min, 10. K/min, 300. C @ 10. min |
| Capillary | SP-2100 | 744. | Fischer and Kusch, 1993 | He, 40. C @ 3. min, 5. K/min; Column length: 30. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; Tend: 280. C |
| Capillary | Ultra-2 | 750. | King, Hamilton, et al., 1993 | 50. m/0.32 mm/0.52 μm, He, 40. C @ 3. min, 4. K/min, 250. C @ 30. min |
| Capillary | DB-5 | 765. | Moio, Dekimpe, et al., 1993 | 30. m/0.32 mm/1. μm, H2, 3. K/min; Tstart: 40. C; Tend: 220. C |
| Capillary | DB-5 | 765. | Moio, Dekimpe, et al., 1993 | 30. m/0.32 mm/1. μm, H2, 3. K/min; Tstart: 40. C; Tend: 220. C |
| Capillary | DB-1 | 748. | Shiota, 1993 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 50. C @ 3. min, 5. K/min; Tend: 240. C |
| Capillary | DB-1 | 752. | Shiota, 1993 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 50. C @ 3. min, 5. K/min; Tend: 240. C |
| Capillary | DB-1 | 756. | Ciccioli, Cecinato, et al., 1992 | 60. m/0.32 mm/1.2 μm, He, 30. C @ 10. min, 3. K/min; Tend: 240. C |
| Capillary | OV-1 | 743. | Guan, Zheng, et al., 1992 | 50. m/0.32 mm/0.52 μm, H2, 1. K/min; Tstart: 30. C |
| Capillary | OV-1 | 746. | Guan, Zheng, et al., 1992 | 50. m/0.32 mm/0.52 μm, H2, 2. K/min; Tstart: 35. C |
| Capillary | CP Sil 5 CB | 746. | Hartgers, Damste, et al., 1992 | 25. m/0.32 mm/0.45 μm, He, 0. C @ 5. min, 3. K/min, 320. C @ 10. min |
| Capillary | DB-5 | 771. | Berdague, Denoyer, et al., 1991 | 60. m/0.32 mm/1.0 μm, He, 3. K/min; Tstart: 40. C; Tend: 240. C |
| Capillary | DB-5 | 774. | Lee, Macku, et al., 1991 | 60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, 40. C @ 5. min, 2. K/min; Tend: 250. C |
| Capillary | DB-5 | 774. | Macku and Shibamoto, 1991 | He, 40. C @ 5. min, 2. K/min; Column length: 60. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; Tend: 160. C |
| Capillary | OV-101 | 752. | Misharina, Golovnya, et al., 1991 | 50. m/0.32 mm/0.5 μm, He, 4. K/min; Tstart: 50. C; Tend: 250. C |
| Capillary | DB-1 | 752. | Shiota, 1991 | 60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 3. K/min; Tstart: 50. C; Tend: 240. C |
| Capillary | DB-1 | 756. | Shiota, 1991 | 60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 3. K/min; Tstart: 50. C; Tend: 240. C |
| Capillary | OV-101 | 756. | Zenkevich and Ventura, 1991 | Helium, 50. C @ 0. min, 5. K/min, 240. C @ 0. min; Column length: 54. m; Column diameter: 0.26 mm |
| Capillary | HP-5 | 764. | Spadone, Takeoka, et al., 1990 | H2, 16. K/min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.3 mm; Tstart: 80. C; Tend: 250. C |
| Capillary | DB-1 | 748. | Flath, Matsumoto, et al., 1989 | 60. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, 4. K/min; Tstart: 50. C; Tend: 250. C |
| Capillary | DB-1 | 748. | Flath, Matsumoto, et al., 1989 | 60. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, 4. K/min; Tstart: 50. C; Tend: 250. C |
| Capillary | DB-1 | 749. | Flath, Matsumoto, et al., 1989 | 60. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, 4. K/min; Tstart: 50. C; Tend: 250. C |
| Capillary | DB-1 | 753. | Flath, Matsumoto, et al., 1989 | 60. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, 4. K/min; Tstart: 50. C; Tend: 250. C |
| Capillary | OV-101 | 760. | Sugisawa, Yang, et al., 1989 | N2, 2. K/min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; Tstart: 80. C; Tend: 200. C |
| Capillary | OV-101 | 765. | Sugisawa, Yang, et al., 1989 | N2, 2. K/min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; Tstart: 80. C; Tend: 200. C |
| Capillary | OV-1 | 748.7 | Durand, Boscher, et al., 1987 | 50. m/0.2 mm/0.52 μm, He, 35. C @ 10. min, 1.1 K/min; Tend: 150. C |
| Capillary | DB-1 | 752. | Habu, Flath, et al., 1985 | 3. K/min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; Tstart: 0. C; Tend: 250. C |
| Capillary | SE-30 | 750. | Hackett, Gibbon, et al., 1985 | He, 20. C @ 4. min, 2. K/min, 260. C @ 16. min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm |
| Capillary | OV-101 | 748. | del Rosario, de Lumen, et al., 1984 | He, 0. C @ 1. min, 3. K/min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.31 mm; Tend: 225. C |
| Capillary | SE-30 | 748. | Heydanek and McGorrin, 1981 | 40. C @ 3. min, 3. K/min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.5 mm; Tend: 170. C |
| Capillary | SE-30 | 748. | Heydanek and McGorrin, 1981, 2 | He, 40. C @ 3. min, 3. K/min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.5 mm; Tend: 170. C |
| Packed | Apiezon L | 734. | Dahlmann, Köser, et al., 1979 | Chromosorb G-AW-DMCS, 10. K/min; Column length: 2. m; Tstart: 25. C |
| Capillary | OV-1 | 753. | Schreyen, Dirinck, et al., 1979 | N2, 1. K/min; Column length: 183. m; Column diameter: 0.762 mm; Tstart: 0. C; Tend: 230. C |
| Capillary | SF-96 | 761. | Donetzhuber, Johansson, et al., 1976 | Nitrogen, 3. K/min, 130. C @ 40. min; Column length: 111. m; Column diameter: 0.76 mm; Initial hold: 8. min |
Normal alkane RI, non-polar column, custom temperature program
| Column type | Active phase | I | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Capillary | HP-5 MS | 760. | Kotowska, Zalikowski, et al., 2012 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium; Program: not specified |
| Capillary | Polydimethyl siloxane with 5 % Ph groups | 771. | Robinson, Adams, et al., 2012 | Program: not specified |
| Capillary | Polydimethyl siloxane with 5 % Ph groups | 776. | Robinson, Adams, et al., 2012 | Program: not specified |
| Capillary | VF-5 | 764. | Shivashankar, Roy, et al., 2012 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium; Program: 50 0C (2 min) 3 0C/min -> 200 0C (3 min) 10 0C/min -> 220 0C (8 min) |
| Capillary | VF-5 | 759. | Shivashankar, Roy, et al., 2012 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium; Program: not specified |
| Capillary | DB-1 | 756. | Delort and Jaquier, 2009 | 60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium; Program: 50 0C (5 min) 3 0C/min -> 120 0C 5 0C/min -> 250 0C (3 min) 15 0C/min -> 300 0C (20 min) |
| Capillary | HP-5 | 772. | Pugliese, Sirtori, et al., 2009 | 50. m/0.32 mm/1.05 μm, Helium; Program: not specified |
| Capillary | HP-5 | 761. | Rotsatschakul, Visesanguan, et al., 2009 | 60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium; Program: 30 0C (2 min) 2 0Cmin -> 60 0C 10 0C/min -> 100 0C 20 0C/min -> 140 0C 10 0C/min -> 200 0C (10 min) |
| Capillary | CP-Sil 5 Cb | 746. | Collin, Nizet, et al., 2008 | 50. m/0.32 mm/1.20 μm, Nitrogen; Program: 40 0C 20 0C/min -> 85 0C 1 0C/min -> 145 0C 3 0C/min -> 250 0C (30 min) |
| Capillary | Nonpolar | 750. | Staples and Zeiger, 2008 | Program: not specified |
| Capillary | HP-5 | 769. | Ventanas, Estevez, et al., 2008 | 50. m/0.32 mm/1.05 μm, Helium; Program: 40 0C (10 min) 5 0C/min -> 200 0C 15 0C/min -> 250 0C (10 min) |
| Capillary | HP-5 MS | 764. | Xie, Sun, et al., 2008 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium; Program: 40 0C (2 min) 4 0C/min -> 220 0C 20 0C/min -> 280 0C |
| Capillary | HP-5 | 763. | Zhao, Li, et al., 2008 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm; Program: 40 0C (2 min) 5 0C/min -> 80 0C 7 oC/min -> 160 0C 9 0C/min -> 200 0C 20 0C/min -> 280 0C (10 min) |
| Capillary | HP-5 | 770. | Zhao, Li, et al., 2008 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm; Program: not specified |
| Capillary | HP-1 | 746. | Barra, Baldovini, et al., 2007 | 50. m/0.2 mm/0.33 μm, He; Program: 40C(2min) => 2C/min => 200C => 15C/min => 250C (30min) |
| Capillary | HP-5 MS | 765. | Chuang, Lee, et al., 2007 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Hydrogen; Program: 50 0C (15 min) 2 0C/min -> 150 0C (10 min) 2 0C/min -> 220 0C (20 min) |
| Capillary | DB-5 MS | 776. | Liu, Xu, et al., 2007 | 60. m/0.32 mm/1.0 μm, Helium; Program: 40 0C (2 min) 6 0C/min -> 100 0C 4 0C/min -> 180 0C 8 0C/min -> 250 0C (12 min) |
| Capillary | DB-5 | 756. | Pellicer, 2007 | 30. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, Helium; Program: not specified |
| Capillary | DB-5 | 767. | Pellicer, 2007 | 30. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, Helium; Program: not specified |
| Capillary | OV-101 | 772. | Ebrahimi and Hadjmohammadi, 2006 | Program: not specified |
| Capillary | RTX-5 | 780. | Ádámová, Orinák, et al., 2005 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, N2; Program: not specified |
| Capillary | RTX-5 | 773. | Ádámová, Orinák, et al., 2005 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, N2; Program: not specified |
| Capillary | RTX-5 | 780. | Ádámová, Orinák, et al., 2005 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, N2; Program: not specified |
| Capillary | RTX-5 | 780. | Ádámová, Orinák, et al., 2005 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, N2; Program: not specified |
| Capillary | HP-5MS | 766. | Alissandrakis, Kibaris, et al., 2005 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 40C(3min) => 2C/min => 180C => 10C/min => 250C(5min) |
| Capillary | Methyl Silicone | 759. | Blunden, Aneja, et al., 2005 | 60. m/0.32 mm/1.0 μm, Helium; Program: -50 0C (2 min) 8 0C/min -> 200 0C (7.75 min) 25 0C -> 225 0C (8 min) |
| Capillary | CP-Sil5 CB MS | 746. | Iraqi, Vermeulen, et al., 2005 | 50. m/0.32 mm/1.2 μm; Program: 36C(2min) => 20C/min => 85C => 1C/min => 145C => 3C/min => 250C(30min) |
| Capillary | Polydimethyl siloxane with 5 % Ph groups | 776. | Pino, Marbot, et al., 2005, 2 | Program: not specified |
| Capillary | HP-5 | 774. | Riu-Aumatell, Lopez-Tamames, et al., 2005 | Program: not specified |
| Capillary | HP-5MS | 769. | Vichi, Pizzale, et al., 2005 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm; Program: 40C(3min) => 4C/min => 75C => 8C/min => 250C |
| Capillary | HP-1 | 753. | Carpino, Mallia, et al., 2004 | 12. m/0.32 mm/0.52 μm; Program: 35C(3min) => 6C/min => 190C => 30C/min => 225C |
| Capillary | CP Sil 5 CB | 752. | Counet, Ouwerx, et al., 2004 | 50. m/0.32 mm/1.2 μm; Program: 36C => 20C/min => 85C => 1C/min => 145C => 3C/min => 250C(30min) |
| Capillary | HP-5 | 772. | Garcia-Estaban, Ansorena, et al., 2004 | 50. m/0.32 mm/1.05 μm; Program: 40C(10min) => 5C/min => 200C => 20C/min => 250C(5min) |
| Capillary | DB-5 | 772. | Garcia-Estaban, Ansorena, et al., 2004, 2 | 50. m/0.32 mm/1.05 μm; Program: 40C(10min) => 5C/min => 200C => 20C/min => 250C (5min) |
| Capillary | SPB-5 | 766. | Begnaud, Pérès, et al., 2003 | 60. m/0.32 mm/1. μm; Program: not specified |
| Capillary | Polymethylsiloxane, (PMS-20000) | 760. | Cornwell and Cordano, 2003 | Program: not specified |
| Capillary | CP Sil 5 CB | 767. | Counet, Callemien, et al., 2002 | 50. m/0.32 mm/1.2 μm; Program: 36C => 20C/min => 85C => 1C/min => 145C=3C/min => 250C(30min) |
| Capillary | CP Sil 5 CB | 772. | Counet, Callemien, et al., 2002 | 50. m/0.32 mm/1.2 μm; Program: 36C => 20C/min => 85C => 1C/min => 145C=3C/min => 250C(30min) |
| Capillary | HP-5 | 770. | Jordán, Margaría, et al., 2002 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm; Program: 40C (6min) => 2.5C/min => 150C => 90C/min => 250C |
| Capillary | Methyl phenyl siloxane (not specified) | 769. | Poligne, Collignan, et al., 2002 | Program: not specified |
| Capillary | BP-1 | 744.20 | Cooke, Hassoun, et al., 2001 | 50. m/0.25 mm/1. μm, He; Program: -50C => 49.9C/min => 5C(3min) => 3C/min => 50C => 5C/min => 220C(20 min) |
| Capillary | CP Sil 8 CB | 766. | Duckham, Dodson, et al., 2001 | 60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm; Program: not specified |
| Capillary | DB-5 MS | 780. | Luo and Agnew, 2001 | 30. m/0.25 mm/1.0 μm, Helium; Program: not specified |
| Capillary | OV-101 | 766. | Zhu and Wang, 2001 | Program: not specified |
| Capillary | DB-1 | 756. | Zhu and Wang, 2001 | Program: not specified |
| Capillary | BPX-5 | 769. | Madruga, Arruda, et al., 2000 | 50. m/0.32 mm/0.50 μm, Helium; Program: 40 0C (5 min) 20 0C/min -> 60 0C (5 min) 4 0C/min -> 250 0C (10 min) |
| Capillary | Methyl Silicone | 751. | Spieksma, 1999 | Program: not specified |
| Capillary | OV-1 | 755. | Zhu and He, 1999 | Program: not specified |
| Capillary | OV-1 | 756. | Zhu and He, 1999 | Program: not specified |
| Capillary | SE-54 | 771. | Zhu and He, 1999 | Program: not specified |
| Capillary | SE-54 | 773. | Zhu and He, 1999 | Program: not specified |
| Capillary | SE-54 | 756. | Ding, Deng, et al., 1998 | Column length: 25. m; Column diameter: 0.31 mm; Program: not specified |
| Capillary | SE-54 | 760. | Ding, Deng, et al., 1998 | Column length: 25. m; Column diameter: 0.31 mm; Program: not specified |
| Capillary | CP Sil 5 CB | 751. | Guyot, Bouseta, et al., 1998 | 50. m/0.32 mm/1.2 μm, He; Program: 30C => 55C/min => 85C => 1C/min => 145C => 3C/min => 250C |
| Capillary | HP-5 | 778. | Timón, Ventanas, et al., 1998 | 50. m/0.32 mm/0.52 μm, He; Program: 35 0C 10 0C/min -> 200 0C (20 min) 5 0C/min -> 230 0C (50 min) |
| Capillary | SPB-1 | 763. | Flanagan, Streete, et al., 1997 | 60. m/0.53 mm/5. μm, He; Program: 40C(6min) => 5C/min => 80C => 10C/min => 200C |
| Capillary | Methyl Silicone | 760. | Zenkevich and Tsibulskaya, 1997 | Program: not specified |
| Capillary | DB-5 | 770. | Mateo and Zumalacárregui, 1996 | 50. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 40C (10min) => 3C/min => 95C => 10C/min => 270C (10min) |
| Capillary | DB-5 | 768. | Mateo and Zumalacárregui, 1996 | 50. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 40C (10min) => 3C/min => 95C => 10C/min => 270C (10min) |
| Capillary | DB-1 | 764. | Peng, 1996 | 30. m/0.53 mm/1.5 μm; Program: 40 0C (4 min) 8 0C/min -> 200 0C (1 min) 5 0C/min -> 280 0C (20 min) |
| Capillary | SE-30 | 760. | Xiuhua, Zhang, et al., 1996 | Program: not specified |
| Capillary | SE-30 | 766. | Xiuhua, Zhang, et al., 1996 | Program: not specified |
| Capillary | Polydimethyl siloxanes | 760. | Zenkevich and Chupalov, 1996 | Program: not specified |
| Capillary | Polydimethyl siloxanes | 760. | Zenkevich and Chupalov, 1996 | Program: not specified |
| Capillary | DB-5 | 765. | Sorimachi, Tanabe, et al., 1995 | He; Column length: 30. m; Program: not specified |
| Capillary | Methyl Silicone | 752. | Xu, Chu, et al., 1995 | Program: not specified |
| Capillary | Methyl Silicone | 760. | Zenkevich, 1995 | Program: not specified |
| Capillary | DB-1 | 749. | Ciccioli, Cecinato, et al., 1994 | 60. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm; Program: not specified |
| Capillary | DB-1 | 758. | Schuberth, 1994 | 30. m/0.25 mm/1. μm, He; Program: 40C (4min) => 10C/min => 200C => 50C/min => 250C |
| Capillary | DB-1 | 749. | Ciccioli, Brancaleoni, et al., 1993 | 60. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm; Program: 3 min at 5 C; 5 - 50 C at 3 deg/min; 50 - 220 C at 5 deg/min |
| Capillary | SPB-1 | 763. | Strete, Ruprah, et al., 1992 | 60. m/0.53 mm/5.0 μm, Helium; Program: 40 0C (6 min) 5 0C/min -> 80 0C 10 0C/min -> 200 0C |
| Capillary | SPB-1 | 768. | Strete, Ruprah, et al., 1992 | 60. m/0.53 mm/5.0 μm, Helium; Program: not specified |
| Capillary | SE-54 | 763. | Um, Bailey, et al., 1992 | He; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; Program: 35 0C (5 min) 8 0C/min -> 200 0C 2 0C/min -> 250 0C |
| Capillary | OV-1 | 760.7 | Engewald and Maurer, 1990 | Column length: 60. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; Program: 1) 1st 30m column temp ramp 4C/min 60-120C 2)2nd 30m column isothermal 100C |
| Capillary | OV-1 | 768.5 | Engewald and Maurer, 1990 | Column length: 60. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; Program: 1) 1st 30m column temp ramp 4C/min 60-120C. 2) 2nd 30m column isothermal 120C. |
| Capillary | OV-1 | 769. | Engewald and Maurer, 1990 | Column length: 60. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; Program: 1) 1st 30m column temp ramp 6C/min 60-120C. 2) 2nd 30m column isothermal 120C. |
| Capillary | OV-1 | 768. | Engewald and Maurer, 1990 | Column length: 60. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; Program: 1)1st 30m column temp ramp 3C/min 60-120 2)2nd 30m column isothermal 120C |
| Capillary | Squalane | 757.6 | Dimov and Mekenyan, 1989 | Program: not specified |
| Capillary | CP Sil 8 CB | 771. | Weller and Wolf, 1989 | 40. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 30 0C (1 min) 15 0C/min -> 45 0C 3 0C/min -> 120 0C |
| Capillary | SE-30 | 766. | Ibrahim and Suffet, 1988 | N2; Column length: 60. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; Program: 50C(8min) => 3C/min => 150C => 35C/min => 275C (10min) |
| Capillary | methyl silicone oil with 5% Igepal | 751. | Schultz, Flath, et al., 1988 | Column length: 150. m; Column diameter: 0.75 mm; Program: not specified |
| Capillary | methyl silicone oil with 5% Igepal | 755. | Schultz, Flath, et al., 1988 | Column length: 150. m; Column diameter: 0.75 mm; Program: not specified |
| Capillary | DB-1 | 739. | Takeoka, Flath, et al., 1988 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, H2; Program: 30C (2min) => 2C/min => 150C => 4C/min => 250C |
| Capillary | DB-1 | 748. | Takeoka, Flath, et al., 1988 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, H2; Program: 30C (2min) => 2C/min => 150C => 4C/min => 250C |
| Capillary | SE-30 | 763. | P'yanova, Zvereva, et al., 1987 | Column length: 25. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; Program: not specified |
| Capillary | SE-52 | 771. | van Langenhove and Schamp, 1986 | Column length: 100. m; Column diameter: 0.50 mm; Program: not specified |
| Packed | SE-30 | 764. | Buchman, Cao, et al., 1984 | He, Chromosorb AW; Column length: 3.05 m; Program: not specified |
| Capillary | OV-1, SE-30, Methyl silicone, SP-2100, OV-101, DB-1, etc. | 734. | Waggott and Davies, 1984 | Hydrogen; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; Program: not specified |
| Capillary | OV-1, SE-30, Methyl silicone, SP-2100, OV-101, DB-1, etc. | 745. | Waggott and Davies, 1984 | Hydrogen; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; Program: not specified |
| Capillary | OV-1, SE-30, Methyl silicone, SP-2100, OV-101, DB-1, etc. | 748. | Waggott and Davies, 1984 | Hydrogen; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; Program: not specified |
| Capillary | OV-1, SE-30, Methyl silicone, SP-2100, OV-101, DB-1, etc. | 751. | Waggott and Davies, 1984 | Hydrogen; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; Program: not specified |
| Capillary | OV-1, SE-30, Methyl silicone, SP-2100, OV-101, DB-1, etc. | 752. | Waggott and Davies, 1984 | Hydrogen; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; Program: not specified |
| Capillary | OV-1, SE-30, Methyl silicone, SP-2100, OV-101, DB-1, etc. | 753. | Waggott and Davies, 1984 | Hydrogen; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; Program: not specified |
| Capillary | OV-1, SE-30, Methyl silicone, SP-2100, OV-101, DB-1, etc. | 761. | Waggott and Davies, 1984 | Hydrogen; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; Program: not specified |
| Capillary | OV-1, SE-30, Methyl silicone, SP-2100, OV-101, DB-1, etc. | 764. | Waggott and Davies, 1984 | Hydrogen; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; Program: not specified |
| Capillary | OV-1, SE-30, Methyl silicone, SP-2100, OV-101, DB-1, etc. | 767. | Waggott and Davies, 1984 | Hydrogen; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; Program: not specified |
| Capillary | OV-1 | 756. | Ramsey and Flanagan, 1982 | Program: not specified |
| Capillary | SE-30 | 749. | Heydanek and McGorrin, 1981, 2 | He; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.5 mm; Program: -10C (8min) => 12C/min => 26C => 3C/min => 170C (30min) |
| Packed | SE-30 | 770. | Robinson and Odell, 1971 | N2, Chromosorb W; Column length: 6.1 m; Program: 50C910min) => 20C/min => 90(6min) => 10C/min => 150C(hold) |
| Packed | Squalane | 755. | Robinson and Odell, 1971 | N2, Embacel; Column length: 3.0 m; Program: 25C(5min) => 2C/min => 35 => 4C/min => 95C(hold) |
| Packed | SE-30 | 770. | Robinson and Odell, 1971, 2 | Chrom W; Column length: 6.1 m; Program: 50C(10min) => 20C/min(2min) => 90C(6min) => 10C/min(6min) => (hold at 150C) |
| Packed | Squalane | 755. | Robinson and Odell, 1971, 2 | Embacel; Column length: 3.0 m; Program: 25C(5min) => 2C/min(5min) => 4C/min(15min) => (hold at 95C) |
Normal alkane RI, polar column, isothermal
| Column type | Active phase | Temperature (C) | I | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Capillary | Carbowax 20M | 100. | 1073. | Sun, Siepmann, et al., 2006 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium |
| Capillary | Carbowax 20M | 120. | 1083. | Sun, Siepmann, et al., 2006 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium |
| Capillary | Carbowax 20M | 60. | 1052. | Sun, Siepmann, et al., 2006 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium |
| Capillary | Carbowax 20M | 80. | 1062. | Sun, Siepmann, et al., 2006 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium |
| Capillary | DB-Wax | 60. | 1065. | Shimadzu, 2003, 2 | 50. m/0.32 mm/1. μm, He |
| Capillary | PEG-40M | 100. | 1056. | Nesterov, Nesterova, et al., 2000 | Column length: 50. m |
| Capillary | PEG-40M | 100. | 1058. | Nesterov, Nesterova, et al., 2000 | Column length: 50. m |
| Capillary | PEG-40M | 120. | 1068. | Nesterov, Nesterova, et al., 2000 | Column length: 50. m |
| Capillary | PEG-40M | 140. | 1077. | Nesterov, Nesterova, et al., 2000 | Column length: 50. m |
| Capillary | PEG-40M | 60. | 1041. | Nesterov, Nesterova, et al., 2000 | Column length: 50. m |
| Capillary | PEG-40M | 80. | 1048. | Nesterov, Nesterova, et al., 2000 | Column length: 50. m |
| Capillary | Carbowax 20M | 90. | 1027. | Sutter, Peterson, et al., 1997 | |
| Packed | PEG | 100. | 1038. | Dowling, Evans, et al., 1990 | Phasesep W (10 %) |
| Packed | PEG | 100. | 1070. | Dowling, Evans, et al., 1990 | Phasesep W (10 %) |
| Packed | PEG | 100. | 1093. | Dowling, Evans, et al., 1990 | Phasesep W (10 %) |
Normal alkane RI, polar column, temperature ramp
| Column type | Active phase | I | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Capillary | CP-Wax CB | 1028. | Alves, da Penha, et al., 2012 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium, 2. K/min, 150. C @ 5. min; Tstart: 50. C |
| Capillary | HP-Innowax | 1022. | Puvipirom and Chaisei, 2012 | 15. m/0.32 mm/0.50 μm, Helium, 3. K/min; Tstart: 40. C; Tend: 250. C |
| Capillary | DB-Wax | 1059. | Shimadzu, 2012 | 30. m/0.32 mm/0.50 μm, Helium, 4. K/min; Tstart: 40. C; Tend: 260. C |
| Capillary | DB-FFAP | 1040. | Czerny, Brueckner, et al., 2011 | 30. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, Helium, 40. C @ 2. min, 8. K/min, 230. C @ 5. min |
| Capillary | HP-Innowax | 1061. | Soria, Sanz, et al., 2008 | 50. m/0.20 mm/0.20 μm, Helium, 45. C @ 2. min, 4. K/min, 190. C @ 50. min |
| Capillary | Stabilwax | 1029. | Cros, Vandanjon, et al., 2007 | 60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium, 40. C @ 5. min, 3. K/min, 240. C @ 10. min |
| Capillary | FFAP | 1047. | Nebesny, Budryn, et al., 2007 | 30. m/0.32 mm/0.5 μm, N2, 35. C @ 5. min, 4. K/min, 320. C @ 45. min |
| Capillary | CP-Wax 52CB | 1051. | Povolo, Contarini, et al., 2007 | 60. m/0.32 mm/0.5 μm, He, 40. C @ 8. min, 4. K/min, 220. C @ 20. min |
| Capillary | CP-Wax 52CB | 1043. | Povolo, Contarini, et al., 2007 | 60. m/0.32 mm/0.5 μm, He, 40. C @ 8. min, 4. K/min, 220. C @ 20. min |
| Capillary | CP-Wax 52CB | 1051. | Povolo, Contarini, et al., 2007 | 60. m/0.32 mm/0.5 μm, He, 40. C @ 8. min, 4. K/min, 220. C @ 20. min |
| Capillary | CP-Wax 52CB | 1051. | Povolo, Contarini, et al., 2007 | 60. m/0.32 mm/0.5 μm, He, 40. C @ 8. min, 4. K/min, 220. C @ 20. min |
| Capillary | DB-Wax | 1027. | Schirack, Drake, et al., 2006 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, 40. C @ 3. min, 8. K/min, 200. C @ 20. min |
| Capillary | Carbowax 20M | 1026. | de la Fuente, Martinez-Castro, et al., 2005 | 50. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium, 40. C @ 2. min, 4. K/min, 190. C @ 30. min |
| Capillary | DB-Wax | 1065. | Chida, Sone, et al., 2004 | 60. m/0.25 mm/0.5 μm, 35. C @ 5. min, 4. K/min, 240. C @ 10. min |
| Capillary | DB-Wax | 1041. | Jiang and Kubota, 2004 | He, 60. C @ 4. min, 2. K/min; Column length: 60. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; Tend: 220. C |
| Capillary | HP-Innowax | 1020. | Soria, Gonzalez, et al., 2004 | 50. m/0.2 mm/0.2 μm, He, 45. C @ 2. min, 4. K/min, 190. C @ 50. min |
| Capillary | Stabilwax | 1029. | Cros, Vandanjon, et al., 2003, 2 | 60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium, 40. C @ 5. min, 3. K/min, 240. C @ 10. min |
| Capillary | DB-Wax | 1059. | Shimadzu Corporation, 2003 | 30. m/0.32 mm/0.5 μm, He, 4. K/min; Tstart: 40. C; Tend: 260. C |
| Capillary | DB-Wax | 1034. | Tanaka, Yamauchi, et al., 2003 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, 30. C @ 1. min, 4. K/min; Tend: 250. C |
| Capillary | DB-Wax | 1037. | Tanaka, Yamauchi, et al., 2003 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, 30. C @ 1. min, 4. K/min; Tend: 250. C |
| Capillary | Supelcowax-10 | 1030. | Vichi, Castellote, et al., 2003 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 40. C @ 10. min, 3. K/min; Tend: 200. C |
| Capillary | Supelcowax-10 | 1026. | Vichi, Pizzale, et al., 2003 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 40. C @ 10. min, 3. K/min; Tend: 200. C |
| Capillary | RTX-Wax | 1059. | Galindo-Cuspinera, Lubran, et al., 2002 | 60. m/0.25 mm/0.5 μm, He, 40. C @ 5. min, 5. K/min, 180. C @ 20. min |
| Capillary | DB-Wax | 1017. | Osorio, Duque, et al., 2002 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 50. C @ 4. min, 4. K/min, 220. C @ 20. min |
| Capillary | DB-Wax | 1019. | Osorio, Duque, et al., 2002 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 50. C @ 4. min, 4. K/min, 220. C @ 20. min |
| Capillary | HP-Wax | 1040. | Sanz, Maeztu, et al., 2002 | 60. m/0.25 mm/0.5 μm, He, 40. C @ 6. min, 3. K/min; Tend: 190. C |
| Capillary | DB-Wax | 1031. | Duque, Bonilla, et al., 2001 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium, 4. K/min, 220. C @ 30. min; Tstart: 25. C |
| Capillary | HP-Wax | 1040. | Sanz, Ansorena, et al., 2001 | 60. m/0.25 mm/0.5 μm, He, 40. C @ 6. min, 3. K/min; Tend: 190. C |
| Capillary | DB-Wax | 1055. | Franco and Shibamoto, 2000 | He, 50. C @ 8. min, 3. K/min; Column length: 30. m; Column diameter: 0.2 mm; Tend: 180. C |
| Capillary | Supelcowax-10 | 1041. | Girard and Durance, 2000 | 60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 35. C @ 10. min, 4. K/min; Tend: 200. C |
| Capillary | DB-Wax | 1037. | Umano, Hagi, et al., 2000 | 60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 40. C @ 2. min, 2. K/min; Tend: 200. C |
| Capillary | CP-Wax 52CB | 1031. | Hwan and Chou, 1999 | 50. m/0.32 mm/0.22 μm, H2, 60. C @ 4. min, 2. K/min, 190. C @ 21. min |
| Capillary | DB-Wax | 1036. | Umano, Nakahara, et al., 1999 | 60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 40. C @ 2. min, 2. K/min; Tend: 200. C |
| Capillary | PEG-20M | 1011. | Ding, Deng, et al., 1998 | 2. K/min; Column length: 25. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; Tstart: 50. C; Tend: 230. C |
| Capillary | DB-Wax | 1029. | Horiuchi, Umano, et al., 1998 | 60. m/0.25 mm/1. μm, He, 3. K/min, 200. C @ 40. min; Tstart: 50. C |
| Capillary | DB-Wax | 1043. | Mölleken, Sinnwell, et al., 1998 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, N2, 3. K/min; Tstart: 45. C; Tend: 220. C |
| Capillary | TC-Wax | 1038. | Shuichi, Masazumi, et al., 1996 | 80. C @ 5. min, 3. K/min; Column length: 60. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; Tend: 240. C |
| Capillary | Supelcowax-10 | 1060. | Girard and Lau, 1995 | 90. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 35. C @ 20. min, 2. K/min, 220. C @ 30. min |
| Capillary | DB-Wax | 1038. | Umano, Hagi, et al., 1995 | He, 40. C @ 2. min, 2. K/min; Column length: 60. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; Tend: 200. C |
| Capillary | DB-Wax | 1047. | Chung, Eiserich, et al., 1993, 2 | 60. C @ 4. min, 3. K/min; Column length: 60. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; Tend: 220. C |
| Capillary | Carbowax 20M | 1017. | Kawakami, Kobayashi, et al., 1993 | He, 60. C @ 4. min, 2. K/min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; Tend: 180. C |
| Capillary | DB-Wax | 1035. | Shimoda, Shiratsuchi, et al., 1993 | 60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 50. C @ 4. min, 2. K/min; Tend: 230. C |
| Capillary | Carbowax 20M | 1024. | Herain, MRAVEC, et al., 1991 | 70. C @ 21. min, 5. K/min, 150. C @ 999. min |
| Capillary | Carbowax 20M | 1017. | Kawakami and Kobayashi, 1991 | He, 60. C @ 4. min, 2. K/min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; Tend: 180. C |
| Capillary | DB-Wax | 1035. | Takeoka, Flath, et al., 1988 | 60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, H2, 30. C @ 2. min, 2. K/min; Tend: 180. C |
| Capillary | DB-Wax | 1035. | Takeoka, Flath, et al., 1988 | 60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, H2, 30. C @ 2. min, 2. K/min; Tend: 180. C |
| Capillary | BP-20 | 1055. | MacLeod and Snyder, 1985 | 70. C @ 5. min, 3. K/min; Column length: 25. m; Column diameter: 0.2 mm; Tend: 180. C |
Normal alkane RI, polar column, custom temperature program
| Column type | Active phase | I | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Capillary | Supelco CO Wax-10 | 1039. | Prompona, Kandylis, et al., 2012 | 60. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, Helium; Program: 35 0C (6 min) 2 0C/min -> 60 0C (5 min) 5 0C/min -> 200 0C 25 0C/min -> 250 0C (6 min) |
| Capillary | Supelco CO Wax-10 | 1040. | Prompona, Kandylis, et al., 2012 | 60. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, Helium; Program: not specified |
| Capillary | SOLGel-Wax | 1042. | Johanningsmeier and McFeeters, 2011 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium; Program: 40 0C (2 min) 5 0C/min -> 140 0C 10 0C/min -> 250 0C (3 min) |
| Capillary | SOLGel-Wax | 1040. | Johanningsmeier and McFeeters, 2011 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium; Program: not specified |
| Capillary | DB-Wax | 1069. | Kadar, Juan-Borras, et al., 2010 | 60. m/0.32 mm/1.0 μm, Helium; Program: 40 0C (2 min) 4 0C/min -> 190 0C (11 min) 8 0C/min -> 220 0C (8 min) |
| Capillary | Supelko CO Wax | 1043. | Vekiari, Orepoulou, et al., 2010 | 60. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, Helium |
| Capillary | Supelko CO Wax | 1026. | Vekiari, Orepoulou, et al., 2010 | 60. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, Helium; Program: 40 0C (5 min) 4 0C/min -> 75 0C 5 0C/min -> 250 0C (10 min) |
| Capillary | Supelko CO Wax | 1030. | Vekiari, Orepoulou, et al., 2010 | 60. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, Helium; Program: not specified |
| Capillary | BP-20 | 1081. | Rodrigues, Caldera, et al., 2008 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium; Program: 40 0C (1 min) 2 0C/min -> 100 0C (2 min) 1.7 0C/min -> 180 0C (1 min) 25 0C/min -> 220 0C (10 min) |
| Capillary | Supelcowax 10 | 1061. | Soria, Martinez-Castro, et al., 2008 | 50. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium; Program: 45 0C (15 min) 3 0C/min -> 75 0C 5 0C/min -> 180 0C (10 min) |
| Capillary | Supelcowax-10 | 1040. | Berard, Bianchi, et al., 2007 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 35C(8min) => 6C/min => 60C => 4C/min => 160C => 20C/min => 200C(1min) |
| Capillary | Supelcowax-10 | 1043. | Berard, Bianchi, et al., 2007 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 35C(8min) => 6C/min => 60C => 4C/min => 160C => 20C/min => 200C(1min) |
| Capillary | DB-Wax | 1043. | Gonzalez-Rios, Suarez-Quiroz, et al., 2007 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Hydrogen; Program: 44 0C 3 0C/min -> 170 0C 8 0C/min -> 250 0C |
| Capillary | DB-Wax | 1042. | Gonzalez-Rios, Suarez-Quiroz, et al., 2007 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Hydrogen; Program: not specified |
| Capillary | HP-Innowax | 1026. | Narain, Galvao, et al., 2007 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium; Program: 30 0C (5 min) 5 0C/min -> 100 0C (5 min) 1 0C/min -> 130 0C 10 0C/min -> 195 0C (45 min) |
| Capillary | BP-20 | 1023. | Pontes, Marques, et al., 2007 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 50C(1min) => 2.5C/min => 100C => 2C/min => 180C => 15C/min => 220C |
| Capillary | BP-20 | 1023. | Pontes, Marques, et al., 2007 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 50C(1min) => 2.5C/min => 100C => 2C/min => 180C => 15C/min => 220C |
| Capillary | Supelcowax-10 | 1043. | Vichi, Guadayol, et al., 2007 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 40C(3min) => 4C/min => 75C => 8C/min => 250C(5min) |
| Capillary | Carbowax 20M | 1033. | Editorial paper, 2005 | Program: not specified |
| Capillary | Carbowax 20M | 1036. | Editorial paper, 2005 | Program: not specified |
| Capillary | Supelcowax-10 | 1023. | Vichi, Pizzale, et al., 2005 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm; Program: 40C(3min) => 4C/min => 75C => 8C/min => 250C |
| Capillary | Carbowax 20M | 1050. | Cornwell and Cordano, 2003 | Program: not specified |
| Capillary | Carbowax 20M | 1027. | Ivanciuc, Ivanciuc, et al., 2001 | Program: not specified |
| Capillary | DB-Wax | 1043. | Piveteau, le Guen, et al., 2000 | 60. m/0.32 mm/0.5 μm, He; Program: 50C(6min) => 1C/min => 130C => 10C/min => 240C (15min) |
| Capillary | PEG-20M | 1012. | Ding, Deng, et al., 1998 | Column length: 25. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; Program: not specified |
| Capillary | Supelcowax 10 | 1034. | Castioni and Kapetanidis, 1996 | 60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium; Program: 60 0C (10 min) 2 0C/min -> 80 0C 3 0C/min -> 100 0C 4 0C/min -> 220 0C (30 min) |
| Capillary | Supelcowax 10 | 1047. | Castioni and Kapetanidis, 1996 | 60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium; Program: not specified |
| Capillary | Supelcowax 10 | 1058. | Castioni and Kapetanidis, 1996 | 60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium; Program: not specified |
| Capillary | DB-Wax | 1051. | Peng, 1996 | 30. m/0.53 mm/1.0 μm; Program: 40 0C (4 min) 4 0C/min -> 200 0C (20 min) |
| Capillary | PEG-20M | 1050. | Xiuhua, Zhang, et al., 1996 | Program: not specified |
| Capillary | CP Wax 52 CB | 1031. | Patterson and Stevenson, 1995 | 50. m/0.32 mm/0.20 μm; Program: 50 0C (10 min) 2 0C/min -> 100 0C 5 0C/min -> 150 0C 7 0C/min -> 220 0C (20 min) |
| Capillary | CP-Wax 52CB | 1032. | Luning, de Rijk, et al., 1994 | 50. m/0.32 mm/1.5 μm; Program: 40C => 2C/min => 150C => 10C/min => 250C |
| Capillary | DB-Wax | 1043. | Peng, Yang, et al., 1991 | Program: not specified |
| Capillary | DB-Wax | 1051. | Peng, Yang, et al., 1991 | Program: not specified |
| Capillary | Carbowax 20M | 1032. | Dimov and Mekenyan, 1989 | Program: not specified |
| Capillary | Superox 0.6; Carbowax 20M | 1027. | Waggott and Davies, 1984 | Hydrogen; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; Program: not specified |
| Capillary | Carbowax 400, Carbowax 20M, Carbowax 1540, Carbowax 4000, Superox 06, PEG 20M, etc. | 1027. | Waggott and Davies, 1984 | Hydrogen; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; Program: not specified |
| Capillary | Carbowax 400, Carbowax 20M, Carbowax 1540, Carbowax 4000, Superox 06, PEG 20M, etc. | 1037. | Waggott and Davies, 1984 | Hydrogen; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; Program: not specified |
| Capillary | Carbowax 400, Carbowax 20M, Carbowax 1540, Carbowax 4000, Superox 06, PEG 20M, etc. | 1054. | Waggott and Davies, 1984 | Hydrogen; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; Program: not specified |
| Capillary | Carbowax 20M | 1035. | Ramsey and Flanagan, 1982 | Program: not specified |
Lee's RI, non-polar column, temperature ramp
| Column type | Active phase | I | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Capillary | HP-5 | 106.1 | Wang, Hou, et al., 2007 | 30. m/0.30 mm/0.25 μm, Helium, 50. C @ 5. min, 5. K/min, 200. C @ 15. min |
| Capillary | HP-5 | 106.1 | Shao, Wang, et al., 2006 | 30. m/0.3 mm/0.25 μm, He, 50. C @ 5. min, 5. K/min, 200. C @ 15. min |
| Capillary | HT-5 | 112.43 | Williams and Williams, 1998 | 40. C @ 8. min, 5. K/min, 400. C @ 20. min; Column length: 25. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm |
| Capillary | DB-5 | 112.62 | Williams and Horne, 1995 | He, 60. C @ 2. min, 5. K/min; Column length: 25. m; Column diameter: 0.3 mm; Tend: 270. C |
Lee's RI, non-polar column, custom temperature program
| Column type | Active phase | I | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Capillary | HP-5MS | 111.93 | Cheng, Liu, et al., 2005 | 30. m/0.30 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 50 0C (2 min) 8 0C/min -> 120 0C (3 min) 10 0C/min -> 230 0C |
References
Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Gas phase ion energetics data, IR Spectrum, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), UV/Visible spectrum, Gas Chromatography, Notes
Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
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The thermodynamics and molecular structure of benzene and its methyl derivatives,
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Heats, equilibrium constants, and free energies of formation of the alkylbenzenes,
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Toluene: thermodynamic properties, molecular vibrations, and internal rotation,
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Montgomery J.B., 1942
Montgomery J.B.,
The heat capacity of organic vapors. IV. Benzene, fluorobenzene, toluene, cyclohexane, methylcyclohexane and cyclohexene,
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Toluene: thermodynamic properties, molecular vibrations, and internal rotation,
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The heat capacity of toluene from 14K to 298K. The entropy and the free energy of formation,
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Isentropic compressibilities of binary liquid mixtures at 303.15 and 313.15 K,
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Excess volumes and excess heat capacities of tetrachloroethene + cyclohexane, + methylcyclohexane, + benzene, and + toluene at 298.15 K,
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Atalla, S.R.; El-Sharkawy, A.A.; Gasser, F.A.,
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Andolenko, R.A.; Grigor'ev, B.A.,
Investigation of isobaric heat capacity of aromatic hydrocarbons at atmospheric pressure, Iaz. Vyssh. Ucheb. Zaved.,
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Fortier and Benson, 1979
Fortier, J.-L.; Benson, G.C.,
Heat capacities of some binary aromatic hydrocarbon mixtures containing benzene or toluene,
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Fortier and Benson, 1977
Fortier, J.-L.; Benson, G.C.,
Excess heat capacities of binary mixtures of tetrachloromethane witlh some aromatic liquids at 298.15 K,
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Wilhelm, Grolier, et al., 1977
Wilhelm, E.; Grolier, J.-P.E.; Karbalai Ghassemi, M.H.,
Molar heat capacities of binary liquid mixtures: 1,2-dichloroethane + benzene, + toluene, and + p-xylene,
Ber. Bunsenges. Phys. Chem., 1977, 81, 925-930. [all data]
Fortier and Benson, 1976
Fortier, J.-L.; Benson, G.C.,
Excess heat capacities of binary liquid mixtures determined with a Picker flow calorimeter,
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Holzhauer and Ziegler, 1975
Holzhauer, J.K.; Ziegler, W.T.,
Temperature dependence of excess thermodynamic properties of n-heptane-toluene, methylcyclohexane-toluene, and n-heptane-methylcyclohexane systems,
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Pedersen, Kay, et al., 1975
Pedersen, M.J.; Kay, W.B.; Hershey, H.C.,
Excess enthalpies, heat capacities, and excess heat capacities as a function of temperature in liquid mixtures of ethanol + toluene, ethanol + hexamethyldisiloxane, and hexamethyldisiloxane + toluene,
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Rajagopal and Subrahmanyam, 1974
Rajagopal, E.; Subrahmanyam, S.V.,
Excess function of VE,(dVE/dp)T, and CpE of isooctane + benzene and + toluene,
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Deshpande and Bhatagadde, 1971
Deshpande, D.D.; Bhatagadde, L.G.,
Heat capacities at constant volume, free volumes, and rotational freedom in some liquids,
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Rastorguev, Yu.L.; Ganiev, Yu.A.,
Study of the heat capacity of selected solvents,
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Hwa and Ziegler, 1966
Hwa, S.C.P.; Ziegler, W.T.,
Temperature dependence of excess thermodynamic properties of ethanol-methylcyclohexane and ethanol-toluene systems,
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Swietoslawski and Zielenkiewicz, 1958
Swietoslawski, W.; Zielenkiewicz, A.,
Mean specific heats of binary positive azeotropes,
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Tschamler, 1948
Tschamler, H.,
Uber binare flussige Mischungen I. Mischungswarment, Volumseffekte und Zustandsdiagramme von chlorex mit benzol und n-alkylbenzolen,
Monatsh. Chem., 1948, 79, 162-177. [all data]
Kurbatov, 1947
Kurbatov, V.Ya.,
Specific heat of liquids. I. Specific heat of benzenoid hydrocarbons,
Zhur. Obshch. Khim., 1947, 17, 1999-2003. [all data]
Zhdanov, 1941
Zhdanov, A.K.,
Specific heats of some liquids and azeotropic mixtures,
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Burlew, 1940
Burlew, J.S.,
Measurement of the heat capacity of a small volume of liquid by the piezo-thermometric method. III. Heat capacity of benzene and of toluene from 8°C. to the boiling point,
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Vold, 1937
Vold, R.D.,
A calorimetric test of the solubility equation for regular solutions,
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Aoyama and Kanda, 1935
Aoyama, S.; Kanda, E.,
Studies on the heat capacities at low temperature. Report I. Heat capacities of some organic substances at low temperature,
Sci. Rept. Tohoku Imp. Univ. [1]24, 1935, 107-115. [all data]
Richards and Wallace, 1932
Richards, W.T.; Wallace, J.H., Jr.,
The specific heats of five organic liquids from their adiabatic temperature-pressure coefficients,
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Thermal energy studies. I. Phenyl derivatives of methane,
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Williams and Daniels, 1925
Williams, J.W.; Daniels, F.,
The specific heats of binary mixtures,
J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1925, 47, 1490-1503. [all data]
Willams and Daniels, 1924
Willams, J.W.; Daniels, F.,
The specific heats of certain organic liquids at elevated temperatures,
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von Reis, 1881
von Reis, M.A.,
Die specifische Wärme flüssiger organischer Verbindungen und ihre Beziehung zu deren Moleculargewicht,
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Scott, Guthrie, et al., 1962, 2
Scott, D.W.; Guthrie, G.B.; Messerly, J.F.; Todd, S.S.; Berg, W.T.; Hossenlopp, I.A.; McCullough, J.P.,
Toluene: Thermodynamic Propoerties, Molecular Vibrations, and Internal Rotation,
J. Phys. Chem., 1962, 66, 911-4. [all data]
Ziegler and Andrews, 1942
Ziegler, W.T.; Andrews, D.H.,
The heat capacity of benzene-d6,
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Stull, 1937
Stull, D.R.,
A Semi-micro Calorimeter for Measuring Heat Capacities at Low Temp.,
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Kelley, 1929, 2
Kelley, K.K.,
The heat capacity of toluene from 14 deg K to 298 deg K. the entropy and the free energy of formation.,
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Tsonopoulos, C.; Ambrose, D.,
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Chirico, R.D.; Steele, W.V.,
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Goodwin, 1989
Goodwin, R.D.,
Toluene thermophysical properties from 178 to 800 K at pressures to 1000 Bar,
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Steele, Chirico, et al., 1988
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Simon, 1957
Simon, M.,
Methods and Apparatus Used at the Bureau of Physicochemical Standards XV. Critical Constants and Straight-Line Diameters of Ten Hydrocarbons,
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Lenchitz and Velicky, 1970
Lenchitz, Charles; Velicky, Rodolf W.,
Vapor pressure and heat of sublimation of three nitrotoluenes,
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Weast and Grasselli, 1989
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Majer and Svoboda, 1985
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Lee, Chang Ha; Holder, Gerald D.,
Vapor-liquid equilibria in the systems toluene/naphthalene and cyclohexane/naphthalene,
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Stephenson and Malanowski, 1987
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Forziati, Norris, et al., 1949
Forziati, Alphonse F.; Norris, William R.; Rossini, Frederick D.,
Vapor pressures and boiling points of sixty API-NBS hydrocarbons,
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Natarajan and Viswanath, 1985
Natarajan, Govindarajan; Viswanath, Dabir S.,
Enthalpy of vaporization and vapor pressure of benzene, toluene, p-xylene, and tetralin between 1 and 16 bar,
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Eubank, Cediel, et al., 1984
Eubank, P.T.; Cediel, L.E.; Holste, J.C.; Hall, K.R.,
Enthalpies for toluene and methylcyclohexane in the fluid state,
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Rivenq, 1975
Rivenq, F.,
Bull. Soc. Chim. Fr., 1975, 1, 2433. [all data]
Gaw and Swinton, 1968
Gaw, W.J.; Swinton, F.L.,
Thermodynamic properties of binary systems containing hexafluorobenzene. Part 4.?Excess Gibbs free energies of the three systems hexafluorobenzene + benzene, touene, and p-xylene,
Trans. Faraday Soc., 1968, 64, 2023, https://doi.org/10.1039/tf9686402023
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Van Ness, Soczek, et al., 1967
Van Ness, Hendrick C.; Soczek, C.A.; Peloquin, G.L.; Machado, R.L.,
Thermodynamic excess properties of three alcohol-hydrocarbon systems,
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Scott, Gutherie, et al., 1962
Scott, D.W.; Gutherie, G.B.; Messerly, J.F.; Todd, S.S.; Berg, W.T.; Hossenlopp, I.A.; McCullough, J.P.,
Toluene: Thermodynamic properties, molecular vibrations, and internal rotation,
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Milazzo, 1956
Milazzo, G.,
Ann. Chim. (Rome), 1956, 46, 1105. [all data]
Thomson, 1946
Thomson, George Wm.,
The Antoine Equation for Vapor-pressure Data.,
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Willingham, Taylor, et al., 1945
Willingham, C.B.; Taylor, W.J.; Pignocco, J.M.; Rossini, F.D.,
Vapor pressures and boiling points of some paraffin, alkylcyclopentane, alkylcyclohexane, and alkylbenzene hydrocarbons,
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Pitzer, K.S.; Scott, D.W.,
The thermodynamics and molecular structure of benzene and its methyl derivatives,
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Besley and Bottomley, 1974
Besley, L.M.; Bottomley, G.A.,
Vapour Pressure of Toluene from 273.15 to 298.15 K,
J. Chem. Thermodyn., 1974, 6, 6, 577-580, https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9614(74)90045-7
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Gaw and Swinton, 1968, 2
Gaw, W.J.; Swinton, F.L.,
Thermodynamic Properties of Binary Systems Containing Hexafluorobenzene. Part 3. Excess Gibbs Free Energy of the System Hexafluorobenzene + Cyclohexane,
Trans. Faraday Soc., 1968, 64, 637-647, https://doi.org/10.1039/tf9686400637
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Ambrose, D.; Broderick, B.E.; Townsend, R.,
The Vapour Pressures Above the Normal Boiling Point and the Critical Pressures of Some Aromatic Hydrocarbons,
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Williamham, Taylor, et al., 1945
Williamham, C.B.; Taylor, W.J.; Pignocco, J.M.; Rossini, F.D.,
Vapor Pressures and Boiling Points of Some Paraffin, Alkylcyclopentane, Alkylcyclohexane, and Alkylbenzene Hydrocarbons,
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Ziegler and Andrews, 1942, 2
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The heat capacity of benzene-d6,
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Domalski, Eugene S.; Hearing, Elizabeth D.,
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Southard, John C.; Andrews, Donald H.,
The heat capacities of organic compounds at low temperatures. iii. an adiabatic calorimeter for heat capacities at low temperatures,
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Gunion, R.F.; Gilles, M.K.; Polak, M.L.; Lineberger, W.C.,
Ultraviolet Photoelectron Spectroscopy of the Phenide, Benzyl, and Phenoxide Anions.,
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Ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy of o-, m-, and p-halobenzyl anions,
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Acidity trends in alpha,beta-unsaturated alkanes, silanes, germanes, and stannanes,
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Graul, S.T.; Squires, R.R.,
Gas-Phase Acidities Derived from Threshold Energies for Activated Reactions,
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Electron affinities from thermal proton transfer reactions: C6H5 and C6H5CH2,
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Stone, J.M.; Stone, J.A.,
A High Pressure Mass Spectrometric Study of the Binding of (CH3)3Si+ and (CH3)3C+ to Toluene and Benzene,
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Wojtyniak and Stone, 1986
Wojtyniak, A.C.M.; Stone, A.J.,
A High-Pressure Mass Spectrometric Study of the Bonding of Trimethylsilylium to Oxygen and Aromatic Bases,
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Paul and Kebarle, 1991
Paul, G.J.C.; Kebarle, P.,
Stabilities of Complexes of Br- with Substituted Benzenes (SB) Based on Determinations of the Gas-Phase Equilibria Br- + SB = (BrSB)-,
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Ernstberger, Krause, et al., 1990
Ernstberger, B.; Krause, H.; Kiermeier, A.; Neusser, H.J.,
Multiphoton ionization and dissociation of mixed van der Waals clusters in a linear reflectron time-of-flight mass spectrometer,
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Ruhl, E.; Bisling, P.G.F.; Brutschy, B.; Baumgartel, H.,
Photoionization of Aromatic van der Waals Complexes in a Supersonic Jet,
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Bonding Energies in Association Ions of Aromatic Molecules. Correlations with Ionization Energies,
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Notes
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- Symbols used in this document:
AE Appearance energy Cp,gas Constant pressure heat capacity of gas Cp,liquid Constant pressure heat capacity of liquid IE (evaluated) Recommended ionization energy Pc Critical pressure S°liquid Entropy of liquid at standard conditions T Temperature Tboil Boiling point Tc Critical temperature Tfus Fusion (melting) point Ttriple Triple point temperature Vc Critical volume ΔcH°liquid Enthalpy of combustion of liquid at standard conditions ΔfH°gas Enthalpy of formation of gas at standard conditions ΔfH°liquid Enthalpy of formation of liquid at standard conditions ΔfusH Enthalpy of fusion ΔfusS Entropy of fusion ΔrG° Free energy of reaction at standard conditions ΔrH° Enthalpy of reaction at standard conditions ΔrS° Entropy of reaction at standard conditions ΔsubH° Enthalpy of sublimation at standard conditions ΔvapH Enthalpy of vaporization ΔvapH° Enthalpy of vaporization at standard conditions ρc Critical density - Data from NIST Standard Reference Database 69: NIST Chemistry WebBook
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