Nitric acid

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Gas phase ion energetics data

Go To: Top, Ion clustering data, References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data evaluated as indicated in comments:
HL - Edward P. Hunter and Sharon G. Lias

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
B - John E. Bartmess
MM - Michael M. Meot-Ner (Mautner)
LLK - Sharon G. Lias, Rhoda D. Levin, and Sherif A. Kafafi
RDSH - Henry M. Rosenstock, Keith Draxl, Bruce W. Steiner, and John T. Herron
LL - Sharon G. Lias and Joel F. Liebman

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Proton affinity (review)751.4kJ/molN/AHunter and Lias, 1998HL
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Gas basicity731.5kJ/molN/AHunter and Lias, 1998HL

Electron affinity determinations

EA (eV) Method Reference Comment
0.57 ± 0.15NBIEMathur, Rothe, et al., 1976B
0.56 ± 0.17EndoPaulson and Dale, 1982B

Proton affinity at 298K

Proton affinity (kJ/mol) Reference Comment
670.3Bernardi, Cacace, et al., 1998PA at NO+ binding site, estimated from correlation of PAs with NO+ binding energies; MM

Ionization energy determinations

IE (eV) Method Reference Comment
11.95 ± 0.01PELloyd, Roberts, et al., 1975LLK
11.96PEFrost, Lee, et al., 1975LLK
11.03 ± 0.01PINicholson, 1965RDSH
12.2PEAmes and Turner, 1976Vertical value; LLK

Appearance energy determinations

Ion AE (eV) Other Products MethodReferenceComment
OH+16.6NO2PIJochims, Denzer, et al., 1992LL
NO+13.07?PIJochims, Denzer, et al., 1992LL
NO2+11.90OHPIJochims, Denzer, et al., 1992LL

De-protonation reactions

NO3 anion + Hydrogen cation = Nitric acid

By formula: NO3- + H+ = HNO3

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr1357.7 ± 0.84kJ/molTDEqDavidson, Fehsenfeld, et al., 1977gas phase; Relative to HBr, reevaluated with current HBr acidity. Excited state at 3.0 eV,81WU /TIE.; B
Δr1380. ± 20.kJ/molNBAEMathur, Rothe, et al., 1976gas phase; From HNO3; B
Δr1377. ± 24.kJ/molEndoRefaey and Franklin, 1976gas phase; I- + HNO3 ->.; B
Δr1357.7 ± 2.1kJ/molTDEqFerguson, Dunkin, et al., 1972gas phase; B
Δr1490.8kJ/molEndoBerkowitz, Chupka, et al., 1971gas phase; B
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr1329.7 ± 0.84kJ/molTDEqDavidson, Fehsenfeld, et al., 1977gas phase; Relative to HBr, reevaluated with current HBr acidity. Excited state at 3.0 eV,81WU /TIE.; B

Ion clustering data

Go To: Top, Gas phase ion energetics data, References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
M - Michael M. Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Sharon G. Lias
B - John E. Bartmess

Note: Please consider using the reaction search for this species. This page allows searching of all reactions involving this species. Searches may be limited to ion clustering reactions. A general reaction search form is also available.

Clustering reactions

Bromine anion + Nitric acid = (Bromine anion • Nitric acid)

By formula: Br- + HNO3 = (Br- • HNO3)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr83.7kJ/molFADavidson, Fehsenfeld, et al., 1977gas phase; From thermochemical cycle,switching reaction(Br-/NO3-HNO3/HBr), ΔrH>; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr77.4J/mol*KFADavidson, Fehsenfeld, et al., 1977gas phase; From thermochemical cycle,switching reaction(Br-/NO3-HNO3/HBr), ΔrH>; M

Free energy of reaction

ΔrG° (kJ/mol) T (K) Method Reference Comment
56.1367.FADavidson, Fehsenfeld, et al., 1977gas phase; From thermochemical cycle,switching reaction(Br-/NO3-HNO3/HBr), ΔrH>; M

(Bromine anion • Nitric acid) + Nitric acid = (Bromine anion • 2Nitric acid)

By formula: (Br- • HNO3) + HNO3 = (Br- • 2HNO3)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr75.7kJ/molFADavidson, Fehsenfeld, et al., 1977gas phase; From thermochemical cycle(Br-/NO3- - HNO3/HBr), Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr98.7J/mol*KN/ADavidson, Fehsenfeld, et al., 1977gas phase; From thermochemical cycle(Br-/NO3- - HNO3/HBr), Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr46.4kJ/molFADavidson, Fehsenfeld, et al., 1977gas phase; From thermochemical cycle(Br-/NO3- - HNO3/HBr), Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

(HO4S- • Nitric acid) + Nitric acid = (HO4S- • 2Nitric acid)

By formula: (HO4S- • HNO3) + HNO3 = (HO4S- • 2HNO3)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr77.0kJ/molATMArnold, Viggiano, et al., 1982gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr100.J/mol*KN/AArnold, Viggiano, et al., 1982gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

Free energy of reaction

ΔrG° (kJ/mol) T (K) Method Reference Comment
52.7233.ATMArnold, Viggiano, et al., 1982gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

(HO4S- • 2Sulfuric Acid) + Nitric acid = (HO4S- • Nitric acid • 2Sulfuric Acid)

By formula: (HO4S- • 2H2O4S) + HNO3 = (HO4S- • HNO3 • 2H2O4S)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr66.5kJ/molATMArnold, Viggiano, et al., 1982gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr100.J/mol*KN/AArnold, Viggiano, et al., 1982gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

Free energy of reaction

ΔrG° (kJ/mol) T (K) Method Reference Comment
43.1233.ATMArnold, Viggiano, et al., 1982gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

(HO4S- • 3Sulfuric Acid) + Nitric acid = (HO4S- • Nitric acid • 3Sulfuric Acid)

By formula: (HO4S- • 3H2O4S) + HNO3 = (HO4S- • HNO3 • 3H2O4S)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr70.7kJ/molATMArnold, Viggiano, et al., 1982gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr100.J/mol*KN/AArnold, Viggiano, et al., 1982gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

Free energy of reaction

ΔrG° (kJ/mol) T (K) Method Reference Comment
46.4233.ATMArnold, Viggiano, et al., 1982gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

(NO3 anion • Hydrogen bromide) + Nitric acid = (NO3 anion • Nitric acid • Hydrogen bromide)

By formula: (NO3- • HBr) + HNO3 = (NO3- • HNO3 • HBr)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr66.9 ± 8.4kJ/molTDEqDavidson, Fehsenfeld, et al., 1977gas phase; B
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr40. ± 12.kJ/molTDEqDavidson, Fehsenfeld, et al., 1977gas phase; B

NO3 anion + Nitric acid = (NO3 anion • Nitric acid)

By formula: NO3- + HNO3 = (NO3- • HNO3)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr100.J/mol*KN/ADavidson, Fehsenfeld, et al., 1977gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated, DG>, ΔrH>; M

(NO3 anion • Nitric acid) + Nitric acid = (NO3 anion • 2Nitric acid)

By formula: (NO3- • HNO3) + HNO3 = (NO3- • 2HNO3)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr76.6 ± 4.2kJ/molTDAsDavidson, Fehsenfeld, et al., 1977gas phase; B,M
Δr66.9 ± 3.3kJ/molTDAsWlodek, Luczynski, et al., 1980gas phase; B,M
Δr77.0kJ/molATMArnold, Viggiano, et al., 1982gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Δr74.1kJ/molHPMSLee, Keesee, et al., 1980gas phase; M
Δr83.7kJ/molATMArnold and Qiu, 1984gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr100.J/mol*KN/AArnold, Viggiano, et al., 1982gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Δr92.5J/mol*KFADavidson, Fehsenfeld, et al., 1977gas phase; M
Δr100.J/mol*KN/AArnold and Qiu, 1984gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Δr96.7J/mol*KHPMSWlodek, Luczynski, et al., 1980gas phase; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr49.0 ± 9.2kJ/molTDAsDavidson, Fehsenfeld, et al., 1977gas phase; B,M
Δr37.7 ± 1.3kJ/molTDAsWlodek, Luczynski, et al., 1980gas phase; B

Free energy of reaction

ΔrG° (kJ/mol) T (K) Method Reference Comment
52.7233.ATMArnold, Viggiano, et al., 1982gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
57.7250.ATMArnold and Qiu, 1984gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

(NO3 anion • 2Nitric acid) + Nitric acid = (NO3 anion • 3Nitric acid)

By formula: (NO3- • 2HNO3) + HNO3 = (NO3- • 3HNO3)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr67.4 ± 4.2kJ/molTDAsDavidson, Fehsenfeld, et al., 1977gas phase; B,M
Δr58.2 ± 5.9kJ/molTDAsWlodek, Luczynski, et al., 1980gas phase; B,M
Δr66.9kJ/molATMArnold, Viggiano, et al., 1982gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Δr66.9kJ/molHPMSLee, Keesee, et al., 1980gas phase; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr100.J/mol*KN/AArnold, Viggiano, et al., 1982gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Δr121.J/mol*KFADavidson, Fehsenfeld, et al., 1977gas phase; M
Δr112.J/mol*KHPMSWlodek, Luczynski, et al., 1980gas phase; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr31. ± 9.2kJ/molTDAsDavidson, Fehsenfeld, et al., 1977gas phase; B
Δr24.7 ± 1.7kJ/molTDAsWlodek, Luczynski, et al., 1980gas phase; B
Δr29.kJ/molFAFehsenfeld, Howard, et al., 1975gas phase; M

Free energy of reaction

ΔrG° (kJ/mol) T (K) Method Reference Comment
42.7233.ATMArnold, Viggiano, et al., 1982gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

(NO3 anion • 3Nitric acid) + Nitric acid = (NO3 anion • 4Nitric acid)

By formula: (NO3- • 3HNO3) + HNO3 = (NO3- • 4HNO3)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr39. ± 5.4kJ/molTDAsWlodek, Luczynski, et al., 1980gas phase; B,M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr83.3J/mol*KHPMSWlodek, Luczynski, et al., 1980gas phase; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr13.4 ± 1.7kJ/molTDAsWlodek, Luczynski, et al., 1980gas phase; B
Δr29. ± 4.2kJ/molIMREFehsenfeld, Howard, et al., 1975gas phase; B

(NO3 anion • 4Nitric acid) + Nitric acid = (NO3 anion • 5Nitric acid)

By formula: (NO3- • 4HNO3) + HNO3 = (NO3- • 5HNO3)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr31. ± 5.0kJ/molTDAsWlodek, Luczynski, et al., 1980gas phase; B,M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr77.8J/mol*KHPMSWlodek, Luczynski, et al., 1980gas phase; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr7.9 ± 4.2kJ/molTDAsWlodek, Luczynski, et al., 1980gas phase; B

(NO3 anion • 5Nitric acid) + Nitric acid = (NO3 anion • 6Nitric acid)

By formula: (NO3- • 5HNO3) + HNO3 = (NO3- • 6HNO3)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr19.2 ± 3.8kJ/molTDAsWlodek, Luczynski, et al., 1980gas phase; B,M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr31.J/mol*KHPMSWlodek, Luczynski, et al., 1980gas phase; Entropy change is questionable; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr10.0 ± 2.9kJ/molTDAsWlodek, Luczynski, et al., 1980gas phase; B

Sodium ion (1+) + Nitric acid = (Sodium ion (1+) • Nitric acid)

By formula: Na+ + HNO3 = (Na+ • HNO3)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr86.2kJ/molFAPerry, Rowe, et al., 1980gas phase; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr84.9J/mol*KFAPerry, Rowe, et al., 1980gas phase; M

References

Go To: Top, Gas phase ion energetics data, Ion clustering data, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Hunter and Lias, 1998
Hunter, E.P.; Lias, S.G., Evaluated Gas Phase Basicities and Proton Affinities of Molecules: An Update, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 1998, 27, 3, 413-656, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.556018 . [all data]

Mathur, Rothe, et al., 1976
Mathur, B.P.; Rothe, E.W.; Tang, S.Y.; Mahajan, K.; Reck, G.P., Negative gaseous ions from nitric acid, J. Chem. Phys., 1976, 64, 1247. [all data]

Paulson and Dale, 1982
Paulson, J.F.; Dale, J., Reactions of OH-.H2O with NO2, J. Chem. Phys., 1982, 77, 4006. [all data]

Bernardi, Cacace, et al., 1998
Bernardi, F.; Cacace, F.; de Petris, G.; Pepi, F.; Rossi, I., Gaseous [N2O5]H+, [N2O4]H+, and related species from the addition of NO2+ and NO+ ions to nitric acid and its derivatives, J. Phys. Chem. A, 1998, 102, 1987. [all data]

Lloyd, Roberts, et al., 1975
Lloyd, D.R.; Roberts, P.J.; Hillier, I.H., Electronic structure of nitric acid studied by photoelectron spectroscopy and molecular orbital calculation, J. Chem. Soc. Faraday Trans. 2, 1975, 71, 496. [all data]

Frost, Lee, et al., 1975
Frost, D.C.; Lee, S.T.; McDowell, C.A.; Westwood, N.P.C., Photoelectron spectroscopic studies of some nitrosyl and nitryl halides nitric acid, J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom., 1975, 7, 331. [all data]

Nicholson, 1965
Nicholson, A.J.C., Photoionization-efficiency curves. II. False and genuine structure, J. Chem. Phys., 1965, 43, 1171. [all data]

Ames and Turner, 1976
Ames, D.L.; Turner, D.W., Photoelectron spectroscopic studies of dinitrogen tetroxide and dinitrogen pentoxide, Proc. R. Soc. London A:, 1976, 348, 175. [all data]

Jochims, Denzer, et al., 1992
Jochims, H.-W.; Denzer, W.; Baumgartel, H.; Losking, O.; Willner, H., Photochemical decay reactions of N2O5, HNO3, ClNO3 and BrNO3 in the energy range 10-20 eV, Ber. Bunsen-Ges. Phys. Chem., 1992, 96, 573. [all data]

Davidson, Fehsenfeld, et al., 1977
Davidson, J.A.; Fehsenfeld, F.C.; Howard, C.J., The heats of formation of NO3- and NO3- association complexes with HNO3 and HBr, Int. J. Chem. Kinet., 1977, 9, 17. [all data]

Refaey and Franklin, 1976
Refaey, K.M.A.; Franklin, J.L., Endoergic ion-molecule-collision processes of negative ions. V. Collision of I- on HNO3. The electron affinity of NO3, J. Chem. Phys., 1976, 64, 4810. [all data]

Ferguson, Dunkin, et al., 1972
Ferguson, E.E.; Dunkin, D.B.; Fehsenfeld, F.C., Reactions of NO2- and NO3- with HCl and HBr, J. Chem. Phys., 1972, 57, 1459. [all data]

Berkowitz, Chupka, et al., 1971
Berkowitz, J.; Chupka, W.A.; Gutman, D., Electron Affinities of O2, O3, NO, NO2, and NO3 by Endothermic Charge Transfer, J. Chem. Phys., 1971, 55, 6, 2733, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1676488 . [all data]

Arnold, Viggiano, et al., 1982
Arnold, F.; Viggiano, A.A.; Schlager, H., Implications for Trace Gases and Aerosols of Large Negative Ions Clusters in the Stratosphere, Nature, 1982, 297, 5865, 371, https://doi.org/10.1038/297371a0 . [all data]

Wlodek, Luczynski, et al., 1980
Wlodek, S.; Luczynski, Z.; Wincel, H., Stabilities of gas-phase NO3-.(HNO3)n,n ≤ 6, clusters, Int. J. Mass Spectrom. Ion Phys., 1980, 35, 39. [all data]

Lee, Keesee, et al., 1980
Lee, N.; Keesee, R.G.; Castleman, A.W., Jr., The properties of clusters in the gas phase. IV. Complexes of H2O and HNOx clustering on NOx-, J. Chem. Phys., 1980, 72, 1089. [all data]

Arnold and Qiu, 1984
Arnold, F.; Qiu, S., Upper Stratosphere Negative Ion Composition Measurements and Infrared Trace Gas Abundances, Planet. Space Sci., 1984, 32, 2, 169, https://doi.org/10.1016/0032-0633(84)90151-X . [all data]

Fehsenfeld, Howard, et al., 1975
Fehsenfeld, F.C.; Howard, C.J.; Schmeltkopf, A.L., Gas Phase Ion Chemistry of HNO3, J. Chem. Phys., 1975, 63, 7, 2835, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.431722 . [all data]

Perry, Rowe, et al., 1980
Perry, R.A.; Rowe, B.R.; Viggiano, A.A.; Albritton, D.L.; Ferguson, E.E.; Fehsenfeld, F.C., Laboratory Measurements of Stratospheric Sodium Ion Measurements, Geophys. Res. Lett., 1980, 7, 9, 693, https://doi.org/10.1029/GL007i009p00693 . [all data]


Notes

Go To: Top, Gas phase ion energetics data, Ion clustering data, References