Water

Formula: H₂O
Molecular weight: 18.0153
IUPAC Standard InChI: InChI=1S/H2O/h1H2
IUPAC Standard InChIKey: XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N
CAS Registry Number: 7732-18-5
Chemical structure:
This structure is also available as a 2d Mol file or as a computed 3d SD file
The 3d structure may be viewed using Java or Javascript.
Isotopologues:
Other names: Water vapor; Distilled water; Ice; H2O; Dihydrogen oxide; steam; Tritiotope
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Gas phase ion energetics data

Go To: Top, Ion clustering data, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), Gas Chromatography, References, Notes

Data evaluated as indicated in comments:
HL - Edward P. Hunter and Sharon G. Lias
L - Sharon G. Lias

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
B - John E. Bartmess
LL - Sharon G. Lias and Joel F. Liebman
LBLHLM - Sharon G. Lias, John E. Bartmess, Joel F. Liebman, John L. Holmes, Rhoda D. Levin, and W. Gary Mallard
LLK - Sharon G. Lias, Rhoda D. Levin, and Sherif A. Kafafi
RDSH - Henry M. Rosenstock, Keith Draxl, Bruce W. Steiner, and John T. Herron

View reactions leading to H₂O⁺ (ion structure unspecified)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
IE (evaluated)	12.621 ± 0.002	eV	N/A	N/A	L
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Proton affinity (review)	165.	kcal/mol	N/A	Hunter and Lias, 1998	HL
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Gas basicity	157.7	kcal/mol	N/A	Hunter and Lias, 1998	HL

Ionization energy determinations

IE (eV)	Method	Reference	Comment
12.65 ± 0.05	EI	Snow and Thomas, 1990	LL
12.6188 ± 0.0009	PI	Page, Larkin, et al., 1988	LL
12.6223 ± 0.0003	PE	Reutt, Wang, et al., 1986	LBLHLM
12.6 ± 0.1	EI	Grade, Wienecke, et al., 1983	LBLHLM
12.63 ± 0.03	EI	Lefaivre and Marmet, 1978	LLK
12.612	S	Gurtler, Saile, et al., 1977	LLK
12.627	PE	Botter and Carlier, 1977	LLK
12.616	PE	Kronebusch and Berkowitz, 1976	LLK
12.624	PE	Dixon, Duxbury, et al., 1976	LLK
12.615 ± 0.001	PE	Karlsson, Mattson, et al., 1975	LLK
12.6	PE	Debies and Rabalais, 1975	LLK
12.6	PI	Rabalais, Debies, et al., 1974	LLK
12.615 ± 0.001	PE	Bergmark, Karlsson, et al., 1974	LLK
12.619	PE	Robin and Kuebler, 1973	LLK
12.7	EI	Morrison and Traeger, 1973	LLK
12.619 ± 0.006	S	Katayama, Huffman, et al., 1973	LLK
12.62	PE	Potts and Price, 1972	LLK
12.624	PE	Asbrink and Rabalais, 1971	LLK
12.65	CI	Cermak, 1968	RDSH
12.62 ± 0.01	PE	Brundle and Turner, 1968	RDSH
12.59 ± 0.01	PI	Dibeler, Walker, et al., 1966	RDSH
12.614 ± 0.005	PI	Brehm, 1966	RDSH
12.597 ± 0.010	PI	Nicholson, 1965	RDSH
12.60 ± 0.01	EI	Frost and McDowell, 1958	RDSH
12.62 ± 0.02	S	Price, 1936	RDSH
12.62	PE	Kimura, Katsumata, et al., 1981	Vertical value; LLK
11.8	PE	Campbell, Liesegang, et al., 1979	Vertical value; LLK
12.61	PE	Benoit and Harrison, 1977	Vertical value; LLK
12.61	PE	Wieczorek, Koenig, et al., 1975	Vertical value; LLK
12.60 ± 0.02	PE	Banna and Shirley, 1975	Vertical value; LLK
12.62	PE	Schweig and Thiel, 1974	Vertical value; LLK

Appearance energy determinations

Ion	AE (eV)	Other Products	Method	Reference	Comment
H⁺	16.95 ± 0.05	OH	EI	Lefaivre and Marmet, 1978	LLK
H⁺	18.7 ± 0.05	OH(X₂P)	EI	Appell and Durup, 1973	LLK
H⁺	16.0 ± 0.3	OH^-	EI	Cottin, 1959	RDSH
H⁺	19.6 ± 0.25	OH	EI	Cottin, 1959	RDSH
HO⁺	18.08 ± 0.05	H	EI	Lefaivre and Marmet, 1978	LLK
HO⁺	18.115 ± 0.008	H	PI	McCulloh, 1976	LLK
HO⁺	18.2	H	EI	Morrison and Traeger, 1973	LLK
HO⁺	18.05	H	PI	Dibeler, Walker, et al., 1966	RDSH
HO⁺	18.2 ± 0.1	H	EI	Foner and Hudson, 1956	RDSH
H₂⁺	20.7 ± 0.4	O	EI	Ehrhardt and Kresling, 1967	RDSH
O⁺	19.0	H₂	EI	Morrison and Traeger, 1973	LLK
O⁺	26.8	2H	EI	Morrison and Traeger, 1973	LLK
O⁺	19.0 ± 0.2	H₂	EI	Ehrhardt and Kresling, 1967	RDSH
O⁺	26.5 ± 0.3	2H?	EI	Ehrhardt and Kresling, 1967	RDSH
O⁺	29.15 ± 0.25	2H?	EI	Cottin, 1959	RDSH

De-protonation reactions

HO^- + = Water

By formula: HO^- + H⁺ = H₂O

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	390.330 ± 0.010	kcal/mol	D-EA	Smith, Kim, et al., 1997	gas phase; Given: 14741.02(3) cm-1. dHacid(0K) = 389.11±0.014; B
Δ_rH°	387.70	kcal/mol	N/A	Check, Faust, et al., 2001	gas phase; MnBr3-; ; ΔS(EA)=1.7; B
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	383.740 ± 0.060	kcal/mol	H-TS	Smith, Kim, et al., 1997	gas phase; Given: 14741.02(3) cm-1. dHacid(0K) = 389.11±0.014; B
Δ_rG°	381.10	kcal/mol	N/A	Check, Faust, et al., 2001	gas phase; MnBr3-; ; ΔS(EA)=1.7; B

Ion clustering data

Go To: Top, Gas phase ion energetics data, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), Gas Chromatography, References, Notes

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
M - Michael M. Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Sharon G. Lias
B - John E. Bartmess
RCD - Robert C. Dunbar

Note: Please consider using the reaction search for this species. This page allows searching of all reactions involving this species. Searches may be limited to ion clustering reactions. A general reaction search form is also available.

Clustering reactions

+ Water = ( • Water )

By formula: Ag⁺ + H₂O = (Ag⁺ • H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	33.3	kcal/mol	HPMS	Holland and Castleman, 1982	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	28.4	cal/mol*K	HPMS	Holland and Castleman, 1982	gas phase; M

( • Water ) + Water = ( • 2 Water )

By formula: (Ag⁺ • H₂O) + H₂O = (Ag⁺ • 2H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	25.4	kcal/mol	HPMS	Holland and Castleman, 1982	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	22.3	cal/mol*K	HPMS	Holland and Castleman, 1982	gas phase; M

( • 2 Water ) + Water = ( • 3 Water )

By formula: (Ag⁺ • 2H₂O) + H₂O = (Ag⁺ • 3H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	15.0	kcal/mol	HPMS	Holland and Castleman, 1982	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	21.6	cal/mol*K	HPMS	Holland and Castleman, 1982	gas phase; M

( • 3 Water ) + Water = ( • 4 Water )

By formula: (Ag⁺ • 3H₂O) + H₂O = (Ag⁺ • 4H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	14.9	kcal/mol	HPMS	Holland and Castleman, 1982	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	29.5	cal/mol*K	HPMS	Holland and Castleman, 1982	gas phase; M

( • 4 Water ) + Water = ( • 5 Water )

By formula: (Ag⁺ • 4H₂O) + H₂O = (Ag⁺ • 5H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	13.7	kcal/mol	HPMS	Holland and Castleman, 1982	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	30.3	cal/mol*K	HPMS	Holland and Castleman, 1982	gas phase; M

( • 5 Water ) + Water = ( • 6 Water )

By formula: (Ag⁺ • 5H₂O) + H₂O = (Ag⁺ • 6H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	13.3	kcal/mol	HPMS	Holland and Castleman, 1982	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	32.2	cal/mol*K	HPMS	Holland and Castleman, 1982	gas phase; M

+ Water = ( • Water )

By formula: Al⁺ + H₂O = (Al⁺ • H₂O)

Enthalpy of reaction

Δ_rH° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
24.9 (+3.6,-0.)		CID	Dalleska, Tjelta, et al., 1994	gas phase; guided ion beam CID, Al+ (3s2); M

( • Water ) + Water = ( • 2 Water )

By formula: (Al⁺ • H₂O) + H₂O = (Al⁺ • 2H₂O)

Enthalpy of reaction

Δ_rH° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
16.1 (+1.2,-0.)		CID	Dalleska, Tjelta, et al., 1994	gas phase; guided ion beam CID, Al+ (3s2); M

( • 2 Water ) + Water = ( • 3 Water )

By formula: (Al⁺ • 2H₂O) + H₂O = (Al⁺ • 3H₂O)

Enthalpy of reaction

Δ_rH° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
15.2 (+1.8,-0.)		CID	Dalleska, Tjelta, et al., 1994	gas phase; guided ion beam CID, Al+ (3s2); M

( • 3 Water ) + Water = ( • 4 Water )

By formula: (Al⁺ • 3H₂O) + H₂O = (Al⁺ • 4H₂O)

Enthalpy of reaction

Δ_rH° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
12.5 (+1.4,-0.)		CID	Dalleska, Tjelta, et al., 1994	gas phase; guided ion beam CID, Al+ (3s2); M

+ Water = ( • Water )

By formula: Bi⁺ + H₂O = (Bi⁺ • H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	22.8	kcal/mol	HPMS	Tang and Castleman, 1974	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	27.1	cal/mol*K	HPMS	Tang and Castleman, 1974	gas phase; M

( • Water ) + Water = ( • 2 Water )

By formula: (Bi⁺ • H₂O) + H₂O = (Bi⁺ • 2H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	17.7	kcal/mol	HPMS	Tang and Castleman, 1974	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	25.5	cal/mol*K	HPMS	Tang and Castleman, 1974	gas phase; M

( • 2 Water ) + Water = ( • 3 Water )

By formula: (Bi⁺ • 2H₂O) + H₂O = (Bi⁺ • 3H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	14.0	kcal/mol	HPMS	Tang and Castleman, 1974	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	24.4	cal/mol*K	HPMS	Tang and Castleman, 1974	gas phase; M

( • 3 Water ) + Water = ( • 4 Water )

By formula: (Bi⁺ • 3H₂O) + H₂O = (Bi⁺ • 4H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	12.0	kcal/mol	HPMS	Tang and Castleman, 1974	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	23.5	cal/mol*K	HPMS	Tang and Castleman, 1974	gas phase; M

( • 4 Water ) + Water = ( • 5 Water )

By formula: (Bi⁺ • 4H₂O) + H₂O = (Bi⁺ • 5H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	10.5	kcal/mol	HPMS	Tang and Castleman, 1974	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	22.7	cal/mol*K	HPMS	Tang and Castleman, 1974	gas phase; M

( • 5 Water ) + Water = ( • 6 Water )

By formula: (Bi⁺ • 5H₂O) + H₂O = (Bi⁺ • 6H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	9.7	kcal/mol	HPMS	Tang and Castleman, 1974	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	23.6	cal/mol*K	HPMS	Tang and Castleman, 1974	gas phase; M

+ Water = ( • Water )

By formula: Br^- + H₂O = (Br^- • H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	12.70	kcal/mol	N/A	Markovich, Pollack, et al., 1994	gas phase; For photodissociation plus electron loss. Affinity is difference from lower solvated ion.; B
Δ_rH°	11.70 ± 0.40	kcal/mol	TDAs	Hiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1988	gas phase; B,M
Δ_rH°	12.60	kcal/mol	TDAs	Arshadi, Yamdagni, et al., 1970	gas phase; B,M
Δ_rH°	12.7	kcal/mol	HPMS	Caldwell, Masucci, et al., 1989	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	14.7	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Hiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1988	gas phase; M
Δ_rS°	18.4	cal/mol*K	HPMS	Arshadi, Yamdagni, et al., 1970	gas phase; M
Δ_rS°	19.8	cal/mol*K	MS	Burdett and Hayhurst, 1982	gas phase; FLAME SOURCE, 1600 K; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	7.30 ± 0.80	kcal/mol	TDAs	Hiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1988	gas phase; B
Δ_rG°	7.0 ± 2.8	kcal/mol	TDAs	Burdett and Hayhurst, 1982	gas phase; B
Δ_rG°	7.0 ± 2.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Arshadi, Yamdagni, et al., 1970	gas phase; B

( • Water ) + Water = ( • 2 Water )

By formula: (Br^- • H₂O) + H₂O = (Br^- • 2H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	11.60 ± 0.30	kcal/mol	TDAs	Hiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1988	gas phase; B,M
Δ_rH°	12.20	kcal/mol	N/A	Markovich, Pollack, et al., 1994	gas phase; For photodissociation plus electron loss. Affinity is difference from lower solvated ion.; B
Δ_rH°	12.3 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Payzant, Yamdagni, et al., 1971	gas phase; B
Δ_rH°	12.3 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Arshadi, Yamdagni, et al., 1970	gas phase; B,M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	18.0	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Hiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1988	gas phase; M
Δ_rS°	22.9	cal/mol*K	HPMS	Arshadi, Yamdagni, et al., 1970	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	6.2 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Hiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1988	gas phase; B
Δ_rG°	5.4 ± 1.4	kcal/mol	TDAs	Payzant, Yamdagni, et al., 1971	gas phase; B
Δ_rG°	5.40	kcal/mol	TDAs	Arshadi, Yamdagni, et al., 1970	gas phase; B
Δ_rG°	5.7 ± 2.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Kebarle, Arshadi, et al., 1968	gas phase; B,M

( • 2 Water ) + Water = ( • 3 Water )

By formula: (Br^- • 2H₂O) + H₂O = (Br^- • 3H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	11.40 ± 0.30	kcal/mol	TDAs	Hiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1988	gas phase; B,M
Δ_rH°	6.90	kcal/mol	N/A	Markovich, Pollack, et al., 1994	gas phase; For photodissociation plus electron loss. Affinity is difference from lower solvated ion.; B
Δ_rH°	11.5 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Payzant, Yamdagni, et al., 1971	gas phase; B
Δ_rH°	11.5 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Arshadi, Yamdagni, et al., 1970	gas phase; B,M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	22.5	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Hiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1988	gas phase; M
Δ_rS°	24.8	cal/mol*K	HPMS	Arshadi, Yamdagni, et al., 1970	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	4.7 ± 1.1	kcal/mol	TDAs	Hiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1988	gas phase; B
Δ_rG°	4.1 ± 1.4	kcal/mol	TDAs	Payzant, Yamdagni, et al., 1971	gas phase; B
Δ_rG°	4.10	kcal/mol	TDAs	Arshadi, Yamdagni, et al., 1970	gas phase; B
Δ_rG°	4.4 ± 2.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Kebarle, Arshadi, et al., 1968	gas phase; B,M

( • 3 Water ) + Water = ( • 4 Water )

By formula: (Br^- • 3H₂O) + H₂O = (Br^- • 4H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	11.00 ± 0.20	kcal/mol	TDAs	Hiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1988	gas phase; B,M
Δ_rH°	6.2 ± 2.3	kcal/mol	N/A	Markovich, Pollack, et al., 1994	gas phase; For photodissociation plus electron loss. Affinity is difference from lower solvated ion.; B
Δ_rH°	10.9 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Arshadi, Yamdagni, et al., 1970	gas phase; B,M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	26.2	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Hiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1988	gas phase; M
Δ_rS°	26.8	cal/mol*K	HPMS	Arshadi, Yamdagni, et al., 1970	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	3.10 ± 0.70	kcal/mol	TDAs	Hiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1988	gas phase; B
Δ_rG°	2.90	kcal/mol	TDAs	Arshadi, Yamdagni, et al., 1970	gas phase; B
Δ_rG°	3.3 ± 2.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Kebarle, Arshadi, et al., 1968	gas phase; B,M

( • 4 Water ) + Water = ( • 5 Water )

By formula: (Br^- • 4H₂O) + H₂O = (Br^- • 5H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	10.80 ± 0.30	kcal/mol	TDAs	Hiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1988	gas phase; B,M
Δ_rH°	6.2 ± 2.3	kcal/mol	N/A	Markovich, Pollack, et al., 1994	gas phase; For photodissociation plus electron loss. Affinity is difference from lower solvated ion.; B
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	28.4	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Hiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1988	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	2.3 ± 1.2	kcal/mol	TDAs	Hiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1988	gas phase; B

( • 5 Water ) + Water = ( • 6 Water )

By formula: (Br^- • 5H₂O) + H₂O = (Br^- • 6H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	10.30 ± 0.50	kcal/mol	TDAs	Hiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1988	gas phase; B,M
Δ_rH°	6.0 ± 2.3	kcal/mol	N/A	Markovich, Pollack, et al., 1994	gas phase; For photodissociation plus electron loss. Affinity is difference from lower solvated ion.; B
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	28.2	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Hiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1988	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	1.8 ± 2.1	kcal/mol	TDAs	Hiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1988	gas phase; B

( • 6 Water ) + Water = ( • 7 Water )

By formula: (Br^- • 6H₂O) + H₂O = (Br^- • 7H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	10.00	kcal/mol	TDAs	Hiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1988	gas phase; Entropy estimated; B,M
Δ_rH°	2.5 ± 2.3	kcal/mol	N/A	Markovich, Pollack, et al., 1994	gas phase; B
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	29.	cal/mol*K	N/A	Hiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1988	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	1.30	kcal/mol	TDAs	Hiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1988	gas phase; Entropy estimated; B

( • 7 Water ) + Water = ( • 8 Water )

By formula: (Br^- • 7H₂O) + H₂O = (Br^- • 8H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	1.6 ± 2.3	kcal/mol	N/A	Markovich, Pollack, et al., 1994	gas phase; For photodissociation plus electron loss. Affinity is difference from lower solvated ion.; B

( • 8 Water ) + Water = ( • 9 Water )

By formula: (Br^- • 8H₂O) + H₂O = (Br^- • 9H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	0.7 ± 2.3	kcal/mol	N/A	Markovich, Pollack, et al., 1994	gas phase; For photodissociation plus electron loss. Affinity is difference from lower solvated ion.; B

( • 9 Water ) + Water = ( • 10 Water )

By formula: (Br^- • 9H₂O) + H₂O = (Br^- • 10H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	1.6 ± 2.3	kcal/mol	N/A	Markovich, Pollack, et al., 1994	gas phase; For photodissociation plus electron loss. Affinity is difference from lower solvated ion.; B

( • 10 Water ) + Water = ( • 11 Water )

By formula: (Br^- • 10H₂O) + H₂O = (Br^- • 11H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	1.6 ± 2.3	kcal/mol	N/A	Markovich, Pollack, et al., 1994	gas phase; For photodissociation plus electron loss. Affinity is difference from lower solvated ion.; B

( • 11 Water ) + Water = ( • 12 Water )

By formula: (Br^- • 11H₂O) + H₂O = (Br^- • 12H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	2.5 ± 2.3	kcal/mol	N/A	Markovich, Pollack, et al., 1994	gas phase; For photodissociation plus electron loss. Affinity is difference from lower solvated ion.; B

( • 12 Water ) + Water = ( • 13 Water )

By formula: (Br^- • 12H₂O) + H₂O = (Br^- • 13H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	1.8 ± 2.3	kcal/mol	N/A	Markovich, Pollack, et al., 1994	gas phase; For photodissociation plus electron loss. Affinity is difference from lower solvated ion.; B

( • 13 Water ) + Water = ( • 14 Water )

By formula: (Br^- • 13H₂O) + H₂O = (Br^- • 14H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	3.2 ± 2.3	kcal/mol	N/A	Markovich, Pollack, et al., 1994	gas phase; For photodissociation plus electron loss. Affinity is difference from lower solvated ion.; B

( • 14 Water ) + Water = ( • 15 Water )

By formula: (Br^- • 14H₂O) + H₂O = (Br^- • 15H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	-0.5 ± 2.3	kcal/mol	N/A	Markovich, Pollack, et al., 1994	gas phase; For photodissociation plus electron loss. Affinity is difference from lower solvated ion.; B

( • 15 Water ) + Water = ( • 16 Water )

By formula: (Br^- • 15H₂O) + H₂O = (Br^- • 16H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	2.3 ± 2.3	kcal/mol	N/A	Markovich, Pollack, et al., 1994	gas phase; For photodissociation plus electron loss. Affinity is difference from lower solvated ion.; B

+ Water = ( • Water )

By formula: CF₃⁺ + H₂O = (CF₃⁺ • H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	4.6	kcal/mol	HPMS	Bennet and Field, 1972	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	18.8	cal/mol*K	HPMS	Bennet and Field, 1972	gas phase; M

CF₃O^- + Water = CH₂F₃O₂^-

By formula: CF₃O^- + H₂O = CH₂F₃O₂^-

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	6.8 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	N/A	Amelynck, Van Bavel, et al., 2000	gas phase; B

CF₃O₃S^- + Water = (CF₃O₃S^- • Water )

By formula: CF₃O₃S^- + H₂O = (CF₃O₃S^- • H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	11.6 ± 1.5	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; T: 293 K. ΔSaff approx. 24 cal/mol-K; B
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	4.60 ± 0.30	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; T: 293 K. ΔSaff approx. 24 cal/mol-K; B

(CF₃O₃S^- • Water ) + Water = (CF₃O₃S^- • 2 Water )

By formula: (CF₃O₃S^- • H₂O) + H₂O = (CF₃O₃S^- • 2H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	10.8 ± 1.5	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; T: 293 K. ΔSaff approx. 24 cal/mol-K; B
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	3.80 ± 0.30	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; T: 293 K. ΔSaff approx. 24 cal/mol-K; B

+ Water = ( • Water )

By formula: CHO₂^- + H₂O = (CHO₂^- • H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	16.0 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Meot-Ner and Sieck, 1986	gas phase; B,M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	23.0	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner and Sieck, 1986	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	9.1 ± 1.6	kcal/mol	TDAs	Meot-Ner and Sieck, 1986	gas phase; B
Δ_rG°	8.40 ± 0.20	kcal/mol	N/A	Viidanoja, Reiner, et al., 2000	gas phase; B
Δ_rG°	9.20 ± 0.30	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; T: 293 K. ΔSaff approx. 24 cal/mol-K; B,M

( • Water ) + Water = ( • 2 Water )

By formula: (CHO₂^- • H₂O) + H₂O = (CHO₂^- • 2H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	13.8 ± 1.5	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; T: 293 K. ΔSaff approx. 24 cal/mol-K; B
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	6.80 ± 0.30	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; T: 293 K. ΔSaff approx. 24 cal/mol-K; B,M
Δ_rG°	6.90 ± 0.20	kcal/mol	N/A	Viidanoja, Reiner, et al., 2000	gas phase; B

( • 2 Water ) + Water = ( • 3 Water )

By formula: (CHO₂^- • 2H₂O) + H₂O = (CHO₂^- • 3H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	12.1 ± 1.5	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; T: 293 K. ΔSaff approx. 24 cal/mol-K; B
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	5.10 ± 0.30	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; T: 293 K. ΔSaff approx. 24 cal/mol-K; B,M
Δ_rG°	5.20 ± 0.20	kcal/mol	N/A	Viidanoja, Reiner, et al., 2000	gas phase; B

CHO₃^- + Water = CH₃O₄^-

By formula: CHO₃^- + H₂O = CH₃O₄^-

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	15.70 ± 0.20	kcal/mol	TDAs	Keesee, Lee, et al., 1979	gas phase; B
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	8.50 ± 0.40	kcal/mol	TDAs	Keesee, Lee, et al., 1979	gas phase; B

(CH₂N⁺ • ) + Water = (CH₂N⁺ • Water • )

By formula: (CH₂N⁺ • CHN) + H₂O = (CH₂N⁺ • H₂O • CHN)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	20.1	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Speller, 1989	gas phase; n; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	20.8	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Speller, 1989	gas phase; n; M

CH₂N⁺ + Water = (CH₂N⁺ • Water )

By formula: CH₂N⁺ + H₂O = (CH₂N⁺ • H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	27.4	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Speller, 1989	gas phase; n; M
Δ_rH°	29.6	kcal/mol	ICR	Berman and Beauchamp, 1980	gas phase; From thermochemical cycle,switching reaction(H3O+)H2O, Entropy change calculated or estimated; Lias, Liebman, et al., 1984, Fehsenfeld, Dotan, et al., 1978, Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1992; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	24.2	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Speller, 1989	gas phase; n; M
Δ_rS°	28.8	cal/mol*K	N/A	Berman and Beauchamp, 1980	gas phase; From thermochemical cycle,switching reaction(H3O+)H2O, Entropy change calculated or estimated; Lias, Liebman, et al., 1984, Fehsenfeld, Dotan, et al., 1978, Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1992; M

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
21.0	300.	ICR	Berman and Beauchamp, 1980	gas phase; From thermochemical cycle,switching reaction(H3O+)H2O, Entropy change calculated or estimated; Lias, Liebman, et al., 1984, Fehsenfeld, Dotan, et al., 1978, Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1992; M

(CH₂N⁺ • Water • ) + Water = (CH₂N⁺ • 2 Water • )

By formula: (CH₂N⁺ • H₂O • CHN) + H₂O = (CH₂N⁺ • 2H₂O • CHN)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	16.9	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Speller, 1989	gas phase; n; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	23.8	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Speller, 1989	gas phase; n; M

(CH₂N⁺ • Water ) + Water = (CH₂N⁺ • 2 Water )

By formula: (CH₂N⁺ • H₂O) + H₂O = (CH₂N⁺ • 2H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	21.4	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Speller, 1989	gas phase; n; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	25.3	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Speller, 1989	gas phase; n; M

(CH₂N⁺ • 2 Water ) + Water = (CH₂N⁺ • 3 Water )

By formula: (CH₂N⁺ • 2H₂O) + H₂O = (CH₂N⁺ • 3H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	17.2	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Speller, 1989	gas phase; n; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	26.2	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Speller, 1989	gas phase; n; M

CH₂NO₅^- + Water + = CH₄NO₆^-

By formula: CH₂NO₅^- + H₂O + CH₂O₂ = CH₄NO₆^-

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	4.40 ± 0.20	kcal/mol	IMRE	Viidanoja, Reiner, et al., 2000	gas phase; B

CH₂O₂S^- + 2 Water = CH₄O₃S^-

By formula: CH₂O₂S^- + 2H₂O = CH₄O₃S^-

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	10.7 ± 2.0	kcal/mol	N/A	Surber and Sanov, 2002	gas phase; Stated electron affinity is the Vertical Detachment Energy; B

CH₂O₄^- + 2 Water = CH₄O₅^-

By formula: CH₂O₄^- + 2H₂O = CH₄O₅^-

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	13.60 ± 0.50	kcal/mol	TDAs	Keesee, Lee, et al., 1979	gas phase; B
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	4.8 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Keesee, Lee, et al., 1979	gas phase; B

+ Water = ( • Water )

By formula: CH₃O⁺ + H₂O = (CH₃O⁺ • H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	28.5	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984	gas phase; switching reaction(H3O+)H2O; Davidson, Sunner J., et al., 1979, Lias, Liebman, et al., 1984; M
Δ_rH°	27.9	kcal/mol	ICR	Larson and McMahon, 1982	gas phase; switching reaction((CH3)2O)2H+)(CH3)2O, Entropy change calculated or estimated; Grimsrud and Kebarle, 1973, Yamdagni and Kebarle, 1976, Wolf, Staley, et al., 1977; M
Δ_rH°	28.5	kcal/mol	ICR	Berman and Beauchamp, 1980	gas phase; From thermochemical cycle,switching reaction(H3O+)H2O, Entropy change calculated or estimated; Lias, Liebman, et al., 1984, Fehsenfeld, Dotan, et al., 1978, Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1992; M
Δ_rH°	28.6	kcal/mol	FA	Bohme, Mackay, et al., 1979	gas phase; From thermochemical cycle,switching reaction(H3O+)H2O, Entropy change calculated or estimated; Lias, Liebman, et al., 1984, Fehsenfeld, Dotan, et al., 1978, Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1992; M
Δ_rH°	28.7	kcal/mol	FA	Fehsenfeld, Dotan, et al., 1978	gas phase; From thermochemical cycle,switching reaction(H3O+)H2O; Lias, Liebman, et al., 1984, Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1992; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	26.9	cal/mol*K	N/A	Berman and Beauchamp, 1980	gas phase; From thermochemical cycle,switching reaction(H3O+)H2O, Entropy change calculated or estimated; Lias, Liebman, et al., 1984, Fehsenfeld, Dotan, et al., 1978, Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1992; M
Δ_rS°	26.9	cal/mol*K	N/A	Bohme, Mackay, et al., 1979	gas phase; From thermochemical cycle,switching reaction(H3O+)H2O, Entropy change calculated or estimated; Lias, Liebman, et al., 1984, Fehsenfeld, Dotan, et al., 1978, Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1992; M
Δ_rS°	26.8	cal/mol*K	FA	Fehsenfeld, Dotan, et al., 1978	gas phase; From thermochemical cycle,switching reaction(H3O+)H2O; Lias, Liebman, et al., 1984, Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1992; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	20.4	kcal/mol	ICR	Berman and Beauchamp, 1980	gas phase; From thermochemical cycle,switching reaction(H3O+)H2O, Entropy change calculated or estimated; Lias, Liebman, et al., 1984, Fehsenfeld, Dotan, et al., 1978, Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1992; M
Δ_rG°	20.5	kcal/mol	FA	Bohme, Mackay, et al., 1979	gas phase; From thermochemical cycle,switching reaction(H3O+)H2O, Entropy change calculated or estimated; Lias, Liebman, et al., 1984, Fehsenfeld, Dotan, et al., 1978, Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1992; M

( • Water ) + Water = ( • 2 Water )

By formula: (CH₃O⁺ • H₂O) + H₂O = (CH₃O⁺ • 2H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	21.5	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984	gas phase; M
Δ_rH°	19.9	kcal/mol	FA	Bohme, Mackay, et al., 1979	gas phase; From thermochemical cycle,switching reaction(H3O+)2H2O, Entropy change calculated or estimated; Lias, Liebman, et al., 1984, Fehsenfeld, Dotan, et al., 1978, Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1992; M
Δ_rH°	19.8	kcal/mol	FA	Fehsenfeld, Dotan, et al., 1978	gas phase; From thermochemical cycle,switching reaction(H3O+)2H2O; Lias, Liebman, et al., 1984, Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1992; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	27.0	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984	gas phase; M
Δ_rS°	26.2	cal/mol*K	N/A	Bohme, Mackay, et al., 1979	gas phase; From thermochemical cycle,switching reaction(H3O+)2H2O, Entropy change calculated or estimated; Lias, Liebman, et al., 1984, Fehsenfeld, Dotan, et al., 1978, Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1992; M
Δ_rS°	26.3	cal/mol*K	FA	Fehsenfeld, Dotan, et al., 1978	gas phase; From thermochemical cycle,switching reaction(H3O+)2H2O; Lias, Liebman, et al., 1984, Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1992; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	12.1	kcal/mol	FA	Bohme, Mackay, et al., 1979	gas phase; From thermochemical cycle,switching reaction(H3O+)2H2O, Entropy change calculated or estimated; Lias, Liebman, et al., 1984, Fehsenfeld, Dotan, et al., 1978, Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1992; M

( • 2 Water ) + Water = ( • 3 Water )

By formula: (CH₃O⁺ • 2H₂O) + H₂O = (CH₃O⁺ • 3H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	17.6	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984	gas phase; M
Δ_rH°	16.9	kcal/mol	FA	Bohme, Mackay, et al., 1979	gas phase; From thermochemical cycle,switching reaction(H3O+)3H2O, Entropy change calculated or estimated; Lias, Liebman, et al., 1984, Fehsenfeld, Dotan, et al., 1978, Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1992; M
Δ_rH°	17.0	kcal/mol	FA	Fehsenfeld, Dotan, et al., 1978	gas phase; From thermochemical cycle,switching reaction(H3O+)H2O; Lias, Liebman, et al., 1984, Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1992; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	25.5	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984	gas phase; M
Δ_rS°	26.0	cal/mol*K	N/A	Bohme, Mackay, et al., 1979	gas phase; From thermochemical cycle,switching reaction(H3O+)3H2O, Entropy change calculated or estimated; Lias, Liebman, et al., 1984, Fehsenfeld, Dotan, et al., 1978, Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1992; M
Δ_rS°	26.0	cal/mol*K	FA	Fehsenfeld, Dotan, et al., 1978	gas phase; From thermochemical cycle,switching reaction(H3O+)H2O; Lias, Liebman, et al., 1984, Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1992; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	9.1	kcal/mol	FA	Bohme, Mackay, et al., 1979	gas phase; From thermochemical cycle,switching reaction(H3O+)3H2O, Entropy change calculated or estimated; Lias, Liebman, et al., 1984, Fehsenfeld, Dotan, et al., 1978, Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1992; M

( • 3 Water ) + Water = ( • 4 Water )

By formula: (CH₃O⁺ • 3H₂O) + H₂O = (CH₃O⁺ • 4H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	12.9	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	23.2	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984	gas phase; M

( • 4 Water ) + Water = ( • 5 Water )

By formula: (CH₃O⁺ • 4H₂O) + H₂O = (CH₃O⁺ • 5H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	11.1	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	22.6	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984	gas phase; M

( • 5 Water ) + Water = ( • 6 Water )

By formula: (CH₃O⁺ • 5H₂O) + H₂O = (CH₃O⁺ • 6H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	9.5	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	20.8	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984	gas phase; M

( • 6 Water ) + Water = ( • 7 Water )

By formula: (CH₃O⁺ • 6H₂O) + H₂O = (CH₃O⁺ • 7H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	10.0	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	25.7	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984	gas phase; M

(CH₃O^- • ) + Water = (CH₃O^- • Water • )

By formula: (CH₃O^- • CH₄O) + H₂O = (CH₃O^- • H₂O • CH₄O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	17.8	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner(Mautner), 1986	gas phase; n; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	25.9	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner(Mautner), 1986	gas phase; n; M

(CH₃O^- • 2) + Water = (CH₃O^- • Water • 2)

By formula: (CH₃O^- • 2CH₄O) + H₂O = (CH₃O^- • H₂O • 2CH₄O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	13.8	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner(Mautner), 1986	gas phase; n; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	25.0	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner(Mautner), 1986	gas phase; n; M

CH₃O^- + Water = (CH₃O^- • Water )

By formula: CH₃O^- + H₂O = (CH₃O^- • H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	25.3 ± 2.2	kcal/mol	CIDT	DeTuri and Ervin, 1999	gas phase; B
Δ_rH°	23.9	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner(Mautner), 1986	gas phase; n; M,B,M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	22.9	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-ner and Sieck, 1986	gas phase; M
Δ_rS°	22.9	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner(Mautner), 1986	gas phase; n; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	17.00 ± 0.30	kcal/mol	TDAs	Meot-ner and Sieck, 1986	gas phase; B

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
15.4	296.	FA	MacKay and Bohme, 1978	gas phase; From thermochemical cycle,switching reaction(OH-)H2O, DG>; Meot-Ner(Mautner), 1986; M

(CH₃O^- • Water • ) + Water = (CH₃O^- • 2 Water • )

By formula: (CH₃O^- • H₂O • CH₄O) + H₂O = (CH₃O^- • 2H₂O • CH₄O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	15.2	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner(Mautner), 1986	gas phase; n; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	27.7	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner(Mautner), 1986	gas phase; n; M

(CH₃O^- • Water ) + Water = (CH₃O^- • 2 Water )

By formula: (CH₃O^- • H₂O) + H₂O = (CH₃O^- • 2H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	19.2	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner(Mautner), 1986	gas phase; n; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	25.3	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner(Mautner), 1986	gas phase; n; M

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
8.2	296.	FA	MacKay and Bohme, 1978	gas phase; From thermochemical cycle,switching reaction(OH-)2H2O; Meot-Ner(Mautner), 1986; M

(CH₃O^- • 2 Water ) + Water = (CH₃O^- • 3 Water )

By formula: (CH₃O^- • 2H₂O) + H₂O = (CH₃O^- • 3H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	14.8	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner(Mautner), 1986	gas phase; n; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	24.4	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner(Mautner), 1986	gas phase; n; M

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
7.9	296.	FA	MacKay and Bohme, 1978	gas phase; From thermochemical cycle,switching reaction(OH-)3H2O; Meot-Ner(Mautner), 1986; M

(CH₃O^- • 3 Water ) + Water = (CH₃O^- • 4 Water )

By formula: (CH₃O^- • 3H₂O) + H₂O = (CH₃O^- • 4H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	11.0	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner(Mautner), 1986	gas phase; n; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	20.0	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner(Mautner), 1986	gas phase; n; M

CH₃O₃S^- + Water = (CH₃O₃S^- • Water )

By formula: CH₃O₃S^- + H₂O = (CH₃O₃S^- • H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	13.9 ± 1.5	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; T: 293 K. ΔSaff approx. 24 cal/mol-K; B
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	6.90 ± 0.30	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; T: 293 K. ΔSaff approx. 24 cal/mol-K; B

(CH₃O₃S^- • Water ) + Water = (CH₃O₃S^- • 2 Water )

By formula: (CH₃O₃S^- • H₂O) + H₂O = (CH₃O₃S^- • 2H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	12.4 ± 1.5	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; T: 293 K. ΔSaff approx. 24 cal/mol-K; B
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	5.40 ± 0.30	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; T: 293 K. ΔSaff approx. 24 cal/mol-K; B

(CH₃O₃S^- • 2 Water ) + Water = (CH₃O₃S^- • 3 Water )

By formula: (CH₃O₃S^- • 2H₂O) + H₂O = (CH₃O₃S^- • 3H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	11.4 ± 1.5	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; T: 293 K. ΔSaff approx. 24 cal/mol-K; B
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	4.40 ± 0.30	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; T: 293 K. ΔSaff approx. 24 cal/mol-K; B

CH₃O₄^- + 2 Water = CH₅O₅^-

By formula: CH₃O₄^- + 2H₂O = CH₅O₅^-

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	14.90 ± 0.20	kcal/mol	TDAs	Keesee, Lee, et al., 1979	gas phase; B
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	6.2 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Keesee, Lee, et al., 1979	gas phase; B

+ Water = ( • Water )

By formula: CH₃S^- + H₂O = (CH₃S^- • H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	15.00 ± 0.20	kcal/mol	TDAs	Sieck and Meot-ner, 1989	gas phase; B,M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	21.2	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Sieck and Meot-ner, 1989	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	8.70 ± 0.70	kcal/mol	TDAs	Sieck and Meot-ner, 1989	gas phase; B

( • Water ) + Water = ( • 2 Water )

By formula: (CH₃S^- • H₂O) + H₂O = (CH₃S^- • 2H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	13.5	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Sieck and Meot-ner, 1989	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	23.5	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Sieck and Meot-ner, 1989	gas phase; M

( • 2 Water ) + Water = ( • 3 Water )

By formula: (CH₃S^- • 2H₂O) + H₂O = (CH₃S^- • 3H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	11.1	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Sieck and Meot-ner, 1989	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	20.5	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Sieck and Meot-ner, 1989	gas phase; M

( • 3 Water ) + Water = ( • 4 Water )

By formula: (CH₃S^- • 3H₂O) + H₂O = (CH₃S^- • 4H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	9.6	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Sieck and Meot-ner, 1989	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	19.2	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Sieck and Meot-ner, 1989	gas phase; M

CH₄NO⁺ + Water = (CH₄NO⁺ • Water )

By formula: CH₄NO⁺ + H₂O = (CH₄NO⁺ • H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	21.2	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984	gas phase; M
Δ_rH°	21.3	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner, 1984	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	27.2	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984	gas phase; M
Δ_rS°	27.2	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner, 1984	gas phase; M

(CH₄NO⁺ • Water ) + Water = (CH₄NO⁺ • 2 Water )

By formula: (CH₄NO⁺ • H₂O) + H₂O = (CH₄NO⁺ • 2H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	14.0	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984	gas phase; M
Δ_rH°	14.0	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner, 1984	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	22.8	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984	gas phase; M
Δ_rS°	22.7	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner, 1984	gas phase; M

(CH₄NO⁺ • 2 Water ) + Water = (CH₄NO⁺ • 3 Water )

By formula: (CH₄NO⁺ • 2H₂O) + H₂O = (CH₄NO⁺ • 3H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	11.8	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984	gas phase; M
Δ_rH°	11.8	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner, 1984	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	21.0	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984	gas phase; M
Δ_rS°	21.0	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner, 1984	gas phase; M

(CH₄NO⁺ • 3 Water ) + Water = (CH₄NO⁺ • 4 Water )

By formula: (CH₄NO⁺ • 3H₂O) + H₂O = (CH₄NO⁺ • 4H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	9.7	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984	gas phase; M
Δ_rH°	9.7	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner, 1984	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	20.2	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984	gas phase; M
Δ_rS°	20.2	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner, 1984	gas phase; M

(CH₄NO⁺ • 4 Water ) + Water = (CH₄NO⁺ • 5 Water )

By formula: (CH₄NO⁺ • 4H₂O) + H₂O = (CH₄NO⁺ • 5H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	9.9	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984	gas phase; M
Δ_rH°	9.9	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner, 1984	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	25.6	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984	gas phase; M
Δ_rS°	25.6	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner, 1984	gas phase; M

CH₄O₅^- + 3 Water = CH₆O₆^-

By formula: CH₄O₅^- + 3H₂O = CH₆O₆^-

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	13.10 ± 0.80	kcal/mol	TDAs	Keesee, Lee, et al., 1979	gas phase; B
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	3.3 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Keesee, Lee, et al., 1979	gas phase; B

(CH₅O⁺ • ) + Water = (CH₅O⁺ • Water • )

By formula: (CH₅O⁺ • CH₄O) + H₂O = (CH₅O⁺ • H₂O • CH₄O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	18.4	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner(Mautner), 1986	gas phase; n; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	25.7	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner(Mautner), 1986	gas phase; n; M

(CH₅O⁺ • 3) + Water = (CH₅O⁺ • Water • 3)

By formula: (CH₅O⁺ • 3CH₄O) + H₂O = (CH₅O⁺ • H₂O • 3CH₄O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	12.1	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner(Mautner), 1986	gas phase; n; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	27.0	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner(Mautner), 1986	gas phase; n; M

(CH₅O⁺ • 4) + Water = (CH₅O⁺ • Water • 4)

By formula: (CH₅O⁺ • 4CH₄O) + H₂O = (CH₅O⁺ • H₂O • 4CH₄O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	10.0	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner(Mautner), 1986	gas phase; n; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	23.8	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner(Mautner), 1986	gas phase; n; M

CH₅O⁺ + Water = (CH₅O⁺ • Water )

By formula: CH₅O⁺ + H₂O = (CH₅O⁺ • H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	27.6	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Hiraoka, Takimoto, et al., 1986	gas phase; M
Δ_rH°	25.	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	29.4	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Hiraoka, Takimoto, et al., 1986	gas phase; M
Δ_rS°	23.	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984	gas phase; M

(CH₅O⁺ • Water • 2) + Water = (CH₅O⁺ • 2 Water • 2)

By formula: (CH₅O⁺ • H₂O • 2CH₄O) + H₂O = (CH₅O⁺ • 2H₂O • 2CH₄O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	11.8	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner(Mautner), 1986	gas phase; n; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	25.5	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner(Mautner), 1986	gas phase; n; M

(CH₅O⁺ • Water • 3) + Water = (CH₅O⁺ • 2 Water • 3)

By formula: (CH₅O⁺ • H₂O • 3CH₄O) + H₂O = (CH₅O⁺ • 2H₂O • 3CH₄O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	8.6	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner(Mautner), 1986	gas phase; n; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	19.0	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner(Mautner), 1986	gas phase; n; M

(CH₅O⁺ • 2 Water • ) + Water = (CH₅O⁺ • 3 Water • )

By formula: (CH₅O⁺ • 2H₂O • CH₄O) + H₂O = (CH₅O⁺ • 3H₂O • CH₄O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	11.2	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner(Mautner), 1986	gas phase; n; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	23.0	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner(Mautner), 1986	gas phase; n; M

(CH₅O⁺ • 2 Water • 2) + Water = (CH₅O⁺ • 3 Water • 2)

By formula: (CH₅O⁺ • 2H₂O • 2CH₄O) + H₂O = (CH₅O⁺ • 3H₂O • 2CH₄O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	9.2	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner(Mautner), 1986	gas phase; n; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	20.2	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner(Mautner), 1986	gas phase; n; M

(CH₅O⁺ • 2 Water • 3) + Water = (CH₅O⁺ • 3 Water • 3)

By formula: (CH₅O⁺ • 2H₂O • 3CH₄O) + H₂O = (CH₅O⁺ • 3H₂O • 3CH₄O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	9.1	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner(Mautner), 1986	gas phase; n, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	22.	cal/mol*K	N/A	Meot-Ner(Mautner), 1986	gas phase; n, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
3.1	272.	PHPMS	Meot-Ner(Mautner), 1986	gas phase; n, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

(CH₅O⁺ • 3 Water • ) + Water = (CH₅O⁺ • 4 Water • )

By formula: (CH₅O⁺ • 3H₂O • CH₄O) + H₂O = (CH₅O⁺ • 4H₂O • CH₄O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	10.4	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner(Mautner), 1986	gas phase; n; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	23.5	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner(Mautner), 1986	gas phase; n; M

(CH₅O⁺ • 3 Water • 2) + Water = (CH₅O⁺ • 4 Water • 2)

By formula: (CH₅O⁺ • 3H₂O • 2CH₄O) + H₂O = (CH₅O⁺ • 4H₂O • 2CH₄O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	9.3	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner(Mautner), 1986	gas phase; n, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	22.	cal/mol*K	N/A	Meot-Ner(Mautner), 1986	gas phase; n, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
3.2	272.	PHPMS	Meot-Ner(Mautner), 1986	gas phase; n, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

(CH₅O⁺ • 4 Water • ) + Water = (CH₅O⁺ • 5 Water • )

By formula: (CH₅O⁺ • 4H₂O • CH₄O) + H₂O = (CH₅O⁺ • 5H₂O • CH₄O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	9.4	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner(Mautner), 1986	gas phase; n, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	22.	cal/mol*K	N/A	Meot-Ner(Mautner), 1986	gas phase; n, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
3.5	269.	PHPMS	Meot-Ner(Mautner), 1986	gas phase; n, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

(CH₅O⁺ • Water ) + Water = (CH₅O⁺ • 2 Water )

By formula: (CH₅O⁺ • H₂O) + H₂O = (CH₅O⁺ • 2H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	19.8	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Hiraoka, Takimoto, et al., 1986	gas phase; M
Δ_rH°	21.0	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	27.3	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Hiraoka, Takimoto, et al., 1986	gas phase; M
Δ_rS°	28.9	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984	gas phase; M

(CH₅O⁺ • 2 Water ) + Water = (CH₅O⁺ • 3 Water )

By formula: (CH₅O⁺ • 2H₂O) + H₂O = (CH₅O⁺ • 3H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	14.1	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Hiraoka, Takimoto, et al., 1986	gas phase; M
Δ_rH°	14.8	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	25.1	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Hiraoka, Takimoto, et al., 1986	gas phase; M
Δ_rS°	25.9	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984	gas phase; M

(CH₅O⁺ • 3 Water ) + Water = (CH₅O⁺ • 4 Water )

By formula: (CH₅O⁺ • 3H₂O) + H₂O = (CH₅O⁺ • 4H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	11.6	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Hiraoka, Takimoto, et al., 1986	gas phase; M
Δ_rH°	11.6	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	23.0	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Hiraoka, Takimoto, et al., 1986	gas phase; M
Δ_rS°	22.1	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984	gas phase; M

(CH₅O⁺ • 4 Water ) + Water = (CH₅O⁺ • 5 Water )

By formula: (CH₅O⁺ • 4H₂O) + H₂O = (CH₅O⁺ • 5H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	9.8	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Hiraoka, Takimoto, et al., 1986	gas phase; M
Δ_rH°	9.1	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	20.7	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Hiraoka, Takimoto, et al., 1986	gas phase; M
Δ_rS°	18.5	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984	gas phase; M

(CH₅O⁺ • 5 Water ) + Water = (CH₅O⁺ • 6 Water )

By formula: (CH₅O⁺ • 5H₂O) + H₂O = (CH₅O⁺ • 6H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	8.9	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Hiraoka, Takimoto, et al., 1986	gas phase; M
Δ_rH°	9.4	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	20.2	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Hiraoka, Takimoto, et al., 1986	gas phase; M
Δ_rS°	22.2	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984	gas phase; M

(CH₅O⁺ • 6 Water ) + Water = (CH₅O⁺ • 7 Water )

By formula: (CH₅O⁺ • 6H₂O) + H₂O = (CH₅O⁺ • 7H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	8.9	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	22.	cal/mol*K	N/A	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
3.0	269.	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

CH₅O₂^- + 2 Water = CH₇O₃^-

By formula: CH₅O₂^- + 2H₂O = CH₇O₃^-

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	19.2 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Meot-Ner(Mautner), 1986	gas phase; B
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	11.70 ± 0.50	kcal/mol	TDAs	Meot-Ner(Mautner), 1986	gas phase; B

CH₅O₅^- + 3 Water = CH₇O₆^-

By formula: CH₅O₅^- + 3H₂O = CH₇O₆^-

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	13.60 ± 0.30	kcal/mol	TDAs	Keesee, Lee, et al., 1979	gas phase; B
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	4.5 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Keesee, Lee, et al., 1979	gas phase; B

CH₅S⁺ + Water = (CH₅S⁺ • Water )

By formula: CH₅S⁺ + H₂O = (CH₅S⁺ • H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	15.5	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Sieck, 1985	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Δ_rH°	13.5	kcal/mol	ICR	Berman and Beauchamp, 1986	gas phase; bracketing; Lias, Liebman, et al., 1984; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	22.	cal/mol*K	N/A	Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Sieck, 1985	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
5.2	476.	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Sieck, 1985	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

CH₆N⁺ + Water = (CH₆N⁺ • Water )

By formula: CH₆N⁺ + H₂O = (CH₆N⁺ • H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	16.8	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984	gas phase; M
Δ_rH°	18.8	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Lau and Kebarle, 1981	gas phase; M
Δ_rH°	18.8	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Lau and Kebarle, 1981	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	21.8	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984	gas phase; M
Δ_rS°	26.3	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Lau and Kebarle, 1981	gas phase; M
Δ_rS°	26.3	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Lau and Kebarle, 1981	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	10.7	kcal/mol	HPMS	Banic and Iribarne, 1985	gas phase; electric fields; M

(CH₆N⁺ • Water ) + Water = (CH₆N⁺ • 2 Water )

By formula: (CH₆N⁺ • H₂O) + H₂O = (CH₆N⁺ • 2H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	14.6	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984	gas phase; M
Δ_rH°	14.6	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Lau and Kebarle, 1981	gas phase; M
Δ_rH°	14.6	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Lau and Kebarle, 1981	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	24.2	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984	gas phase; M
Δ_rS°	26.7	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Lau and Kebarle, 1981	gas phase; M
Δ_rS°	26.7	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Lau and Kebarle, 1981	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	7.5	kcal/mol	HPMS	Banic and Iribarne, 1985	gas phase; electric fields; M

(CH₆N⁺ • 2 Water ) + Water = (CH₆N⁺ • 3 Water )

By formula: (CH₆N⁺ • 2H₂O) + H₂O = (CH₆N⁺ • 3H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	12.3	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984	gas phase; M
Δ_rH°	12.4	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Lau and Kebarle, 1981	gas phase; M
Δ_rH°	12.4	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Lau and Kebarle, 1981	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	24.1	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984	gas phase; M
Δ_rS°	26.4	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Lau and Kebarle, 1981	gas phase; M
Δ_rS°	26.4	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Lau and Kebarle, 1981	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	5.2	kcal/mol	HPMS	Banic and Iribarne, 1985	gas phase; electric fields; M

(CH₆N⁺ • 3 Water ) + Water = (CH₆N⁺ • 4 Water )

By formula: (CH₆N⁺ • 3H₂O) + H₂O = (CH₆N⁺ • 4H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	10.3	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	22.0	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984	gas phase; M

(CH₆N⁺ • 4 Water ) + Water = (CH₆N⁺ • 5 Water )

By formula: (CH₆N⁺ • 4H₂O) + H₂O = (CH₆N⁺ • 5H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	9.0	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	20.4	cal/mol*K	N/A	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
3.5	269.	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

(CH₆N⁺ • 5 Water ) + Water = (CH₆N⁺ • 6 Water )

By formula: (CH₆N⁺ • 5H₂O) + H₂O = (CH₆N⁺ • 6H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	8.5	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	20.9	cal/mol*K	N/A	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
3.1	259.	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

CH₇O₃^- + 3 Water = CH₉O₄^-

By formula: CH₇O₃^- + 3H₂O = CH₉O₄^-

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	14.8 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Meot-Ner(Mautner), 1986	gas phase; B
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	7.50 ± 0.50	kcal/mol	TDAs	Meot-Ner(Mautner), 1986	gas phase; B

CH₇O₆^- + 4 Water = CH₉O₇^-

By formula: CH₇O₆^- + 4H₂O = CH₉O₇^-

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	13.40 ± 0.90	kcal/mol	TDAs	Keesee, Lee, et al., 1979	gas phase; B
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	3.4 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Keesee, Lee, et al., 1979	gas phase; B

CH₉O₄^- + 4 Water = CH₁₁O₅^-

By formula: CH₉O₄^- + 4H₂O = CH₁₁O₅^-

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	11.0 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Meot-Ner(Mautner), 1986	gas phase; B
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	5.10 ± 0.50	kcal/mol	TDAs	Meot-Ner(Mautner), 1986	gas phase; B

(CN^- • ) + Water = (CN^- • Water • )

By formula: (CN^- • CHN) + H₂O = (CN^- • H₂O • CHN)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	12.4 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Meot-Ner (Mautner) M. and Speller, 1989	gas phase; B,M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	19.7	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Speller, 1989	gas phase; n; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	6.5 ± 1.4	kcal/mol	TDAs	Meot-Ner (Mautner) M. and Speller, 1989	gas phase; B

(CN^- • 2) + Water = (CN^- • Water • 2)

By formula: (CN^- • 2CHN) + H₂O = (CN^- • H₂O • 2CHN)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	7.7 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Meot-Ner (Mautner) M. and Speller, 1989	gas phase; B,M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	12.5	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Speller, 1989	gas phase; n; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	4.0 ± 1.4	kcal/mol	TDAs	Meot-Ner (Mautner) M. and Speller, 1989	gas phase; B

(CN^- • 3) + Water = (CN^- • Water • 3)

By formula: (CN^- • 3CHN) + H₂O = (CN^- • H₂O • 3CHN)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	9.4 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Meot-Ner (Mautner) M. and Speller, 1989	gas phase; Entropy estimated; B,M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	20.	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Speller, 1989	gas phase; n; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	3.4 ± 1.4	kcal/mol	TDAs	Meot-Ner (Mautner) M. and Speller, 1989	gas phase; Entropy estimated; B

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
4.2	262.	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Speller, 1989	gas phase; n; M

CN^- + Water = (CN^- • Water )

By formula: CN^- + H₂O = (CN^- • H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	12.70 ± 0.80	kcal/mol	TDAs	Larson, Szulejko, et al., 1988	gas phase; B,M
Δ_rH°	14.6 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Meot-ner, 1988	gas phase; B,B,M,M
Δ_rH°	13.80	kcal/mol	TDAs	Payzant, Yamdagni, et al., 1971	gas phase; B,M
Δ_rH°	14.6	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Speller, 1989	gas phase; n; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	19.6	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Speller, 1989	gas phase; n; M
Δ_rS°	18.	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Larson, Szulejko, et al., 1988	gas phase; M
Δ_rS°	19.6	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-ner, 1988, 2	gas phase; M
Δ_rS°	19.6	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-ner, 1988	gas phase; M
Δ_rS°	19.8	cal/mol*K	HPMS	Payzant, Yamdagni, et al., 1971	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	7.30 ± 0.20	kcal/mol	TDAs	Larson, Szulejko, et al., 1988	gas phase; B
Δ_rG°	8.7 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Meot-ner, 1988, 2	gas phase; B
Δ_rG°	8.7 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Meot-ner, 1988	gas phase; B
Δ_rG°	7.90	kcal/mol	TDAs	Payzant, Yamdagni, et al., 1971	gas phase; B

(CN^- • Water • ) + Water = (CN^- • 2 Water • )

By formula: (CN^- • H₂O • CHN) + H₂O = (CN^- • 2H₂O • CHN)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	9.5 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Meot-Ner (Mautner) M. and Speller, 1989	gas phase; B,M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	17.5	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Speller, 1989	gas phase; n; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	4.2 ± 1.4	kcal/mol	TDAs	Meot-Ner (Mautner) M. and Speller, 1989	gas phase; B

(CN^- • Water • 2) + Water = (CN^- • 2 Water • 2)

By formula: (CN^- • H₂O • 2CHN) + H₂O = (CN^- • 2H₂O • 2CHN)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	8.9 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Meot-Ner (Mautner) M. and Speller, 1989	gas phase; Entropy estimated; B,M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	20.	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Speller, 1989	gas phase; n; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	2.9 ± 1.4	kcal/mol	TDAs	Meot-Ner (Mautner) M. and Speller, 1989	gas phase; Entropy estimated; B

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
3.7	262.	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Speller, 1989	gas phase; n; M

(CN^- • 2 Water • ) + Water = (CN^- • 3 Water • )

By formula: (CN^- • 2H₂O • CHN) + H₂O = (CN^- • 3H₂O • CHN)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	8.5 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Meot-Ner (Mautner) M. and Speller, 1989	gas phase; Entropy estimated; B
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	2.5 ± 1.4	kcal/mol	TDAs	Meot-Ner (Mautner) M. and Speller, 1989	gas phase; Entropy estimated; B

(CN^- • Water ) + Water = (CN^- • 2 Water )

By formula: (CN^- • H₂O) + H₂O = (CN^- • 2H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	11.7 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Meot-Ner (Mautner) M. and Speller, 1989	gas phase; B,M
Δ_rH°	11.7	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-ner, 1988, 2	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	18.1	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Speller, 1989	gas phase; n; M
Δ_rS°	18.1	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-ner, 1988, 2	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	6.3 ± 1.4	kcal/mol	TDAs	Meot-Ner (Mautner) M. and Speller, 1989	gas phase; B

(CN^- • 2 Water ) + Water = (CN^- • 3 Water )

By formula: (CN^- • 2H₂O) + H₂O = (CN^- • 3H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	10.7 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Meot-Ner (Mautner) M. and Speller, 1989	gas phase; Stated EA is Vertical Detachment Energy, at 12 K. At 298 K, measured Vertical Detachment Energy = 5.50±0.10 eV; B,M
Δ_rH°	10.7	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-ner, 1988, 2	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	19.8	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Speller, 1989	gas phase; n; M
Δ_rS°	19.8	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-ner, 1988, 2	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	7.8 ± 1.4	kcal/mol	TDAs	Meot-Ner (Mautner) M. and Speller, 1989	gas phase; Stated EA is Vertical Detachment Energy, at 12 K. At 298 K, measured Vertical Detachment Energy = 5.50±0.10 eV; B

(CN^- • 3 Water ) + Water = (CN^- • 4 Water )

By formula: (CN^- • 3H₂O) + H₂O = (CN^- • 4H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	9.8 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Meot-Ner (Mautner) M. and Speller, 1989	gas phase; Entropy estimated; B,M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	20.	cal/mol*K	N/A	Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Speller, 1989	gas phase; n, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	3.8 ± 1.4	kcal/mol	TDAs	Meot-Ner (Mautner) M. and Speller, 1989	gas phase; Entropy estimated; B

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
4.6	262.	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Speller, 1989	gas phase; n, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

CO₃^- + Water = CH₂O₄^-

By formula: CO₃^- + H₂O = CH₂O₄^-

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	14.10 ± 0.20	kcal/mol	TDAs	Keesee, Lee, et al., 1979	gas phase; B
Δ_rH°	11.5 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	IMRE	Fehsenfeld and Ferguson, 1974	gas phase; B
Δ_rH°	<38.50	kcal/mol	PDis	Smith, Lee, et al., 1978	gas phase; B
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	6.60 ± 0.40	kcal/mol	TDAs	Keesee, Lee, et al., 1979	gas phase; B
Δ_rG°	6.70 ± 0.40	kcal/mol	IMRE	Fehsenfeld and Ferguson, 1974	gas phase; B

CO₃^- + Water = (CO₃^- • Water )

By formula: CO₃^- + H₂O = (CO₃^- • H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	14.1	kcal/mol	HPMS	Keesee, Lee, et al., 1979	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	25.2	cal/mol*K	HPMS	Keesee, Lee, et al., 1979	gas phase; M

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
6.7	296.	FA	Fehsenfeld and Ferguson, 1974	gas phase; M

(CO₃^- • Water ) + Water = (CO₃^- • 2 Water )

By formula: (CO₃^- • H₂O) + H₂O = (CO₃^- • 2H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	13.6	kcal/mol	HPMS	Keesee, Lee, et al., 1979	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	29.6	cal/mol*K	HPMS	Keesee, Lee, et al., 1979	gas phase; M

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
4.3	296.	FA	Fehsenfeld and Ferguson, 1974	gas phase; M

(CO₃^- • 2 Water ) + Water = (CO₃^- • 3 Water )

By formula: (CO₃^- • 2H₂O) + H₂O = (CO₃^- • 3H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	13.1	kcal/mol	HPMS	Keesee, Lee, et al., 1979	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	32.5	cal/mol*K	HPMS	Keesee, Lee, et al., 1979	gas phase; M

C₂Cl₃O₂^- + Water = (C₂Cl₃O₂^- • Water )

By formula: C₂Cl₃O₂^- + H₂O = (C₂Cl₃O₂^- • H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	5.8	kcal/mol	ES/HPMS	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; M

+ Water = ( • Water )

By formula: C₂F₃O₂^- + H₂O = (C₂F₃O₂^- • H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	13.8 ± 1.5	kcal/mol	N/A	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; T: 293 K. ΔSaff approx. 24 cal/mol-K; B
Δ_rH°	13.7 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	N/A	Meot-Ner and Sieck, 1986	gas phase; B,M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	23.9	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner and Sieck, 1986	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	6.80 ± 0.30	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; T: 293 K. ΔSaff approx. 24 cal/mol-K; B,M
Δ_rG°	6.5 ± 1.6	kcal/mol	TDAs	Meot-Ner and Sieck, 1986	gas phase; B

( • Water ) + Water = ( • 2 Water )

By formula: (C₂F₃O₂^- • H₂O) + H₂O = (C₂F₃O₂^- • 2H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	11.7 ± 1.5	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; T: 293 K. ΔSaff approx. 24 cal/mol-K; B
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	4.70 ± 0.30	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; T: 293 K. ΔSaff approx. 24 cal/mol-K; B,M

C₂H^- + Water = (C₂H^- • Water )

By formula: C₂H^- + H₂O = (C₂H^- • H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	16.2 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Meot-ner, 1988	gas phase; B,M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	18.6	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-ner, 1988	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	10.6 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Meot-ner, 1988	gas phase; B

C₂HCl₂O₂^- + Water = (C₂HCl₂O₂^- • Water )

By formula: C₂HCl₂O₂^- + H₂O = (C₂HCl₂O₂^- • H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	13.8 ± 1.5	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; T: 293 K. ΔSaff approx. 24 cal/mol-K; B
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	6.80 ± 0.30	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; T: 293 K. ΔSaff approx. 24 cal/mol-K; B

(C₂HCl₂O₂^- • Water ) + Water = (C₂HCl₂O₂^- • 2 Water )

By formula: (C₂HCl₂O₂^- • H₂O) + H₂O = (C₂HCl₂O₂^- • 2H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	11.9 ± 1.5	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; T: 293 K. ΔSaff approx. 24 cal/mol-K; B
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	4.90 ± 0.30	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; T: 293 K. ΔSaff approx. 24 cal/mol-K; B

C₂HF₂O₂^- + Water = (C₂HF₂O₂^- • Water )

By formula: C₂HF₂O₂^- + H₂O = (C₂HF₂O₂^- • H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	14.5 ± 1.5	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; T: 293 K. ΔSaff approx. 24 cal/mol-K; B
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	7.50 ± 0.30	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; T: 293 K. ΔSaff approx. 24 cal/mol-K; B,M

(C₂HF₂O₂^- • Water ) + Water = (C₂HF₂O₂^- • 2 Water )

By formula: (C₂HF₂O₂^- • H₂O) + H₂O = (C₂HF₂O₂^- • 2H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	12.3 ± 1.5	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; T: 293 K. ΔSaff approx. 24 cal/mol-K; B
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	5.30 ± 0.30	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; T: 293 K. ΔSaff approx. 24 cal/mol-K; B,M

C₂HO₄^- + Water = (C₂HO₄^- • Water )

By formula: C₂HO₄^- + H₂O = (C₂HO₄^- • H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	6.3	kcal/mol	ES/HPMS	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; M

+ Water = ( • Water )

By formula: C₂H₂ClO₂^- + H₂O = (C₂H₂ClO₂^- • H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	14.7 ± 1.5	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; T: 293 K. ΔSaff approx. 24 cal/mol-K; B
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	7.70 ± 0.30	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; T: 293 K. ΔSaff approx. 24 cal/mol-K; B,M

+ Water = ( • Water )

By formula: C₂H₂FO₂^- + H₂O = (C₂H₂FO₂^- • H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	15.3 ± 1.5	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; T: 293 K. ΔSaff approx. 24 cal/mol-K; B
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	8.30 ± 0.30	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; T: 293 K. ΔSaff approx. 24 cal/mol-K; B,M

( • Water ) + Water = ( • 2 Water )

By formula: (C₂H₂FO₂^- • H₂O) + H₂O = (C₂H₂FO₂^- • 2H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	12.9 ± 1.5	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; T: 293 K. ΔSaff approx. 24 cal/mol-K; B
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	5.90 ± 0.30	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; T: 293 K. ΔSaff approx. 24 cal/mol-K; B,M

( • 2 Water ) + Water = ( • 3 Water )

By formula: (C₂H₂FO₂^- • 2H₂O) + H₂O = (C₂H₂FO₂^- • 3H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	11.6 ± 1.5	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; T: 293 K. ΔSaff approx. 24 cal/mol-K; B
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	4.60 ± 0.30	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; T: 293 K. ΔSaff approx. 24 cal/mol-K; B,M

C₂H₂F₃O₂⁺ + Water = (C₂H₂F₃O₂⁺ • Water )

By formula: C₂H₂F₃O₂⁺ + H₂O = (C₂H₂F₃O₂⁺ • H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	28.3	kcal/mol	ICR	Larson and McMahon, 1982	gas phase; From thermochemical cycle(H3O+)H2O, Entropy change calculated or estimated; Cunningham, Payzant, et al., 1972, Lias, Liebman, et al., 1984, Keesee and Castleman, 1986; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	23.3	cal/mol*K	N/A	Larson and McMahon, 1982	gas phase; From thermochemical cycle(H3O+)H2O, Entropy change calculated or estimated; Cunningham, Payzant, et al., 1972, Lias, Liebman, et al., 1984, Keesee and Castleman, 1986; M

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
21.4	309.	ICR	Larson and McMahon, 1982	gas phase; From thermochemical cycle(H3O+)H2O, Entropy change calculated or estimated; Cunningham, Payzant, et al., 1972, Lias, Liebman, et al., 1984, Keesee and Castleman, 1986; M

+ Water = ( • Water )

By formula: C₂H₂IO₂^- + H₂O = (C₂H₂IO₂^- • H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	14.2 ± 1.5	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; T: 293 K. ΔSaff approx. 24 cal/mol-K; B
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	7.20 ± 0.30	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; T: 293 K. ΔSaff approx. 24 cal/mol-K; B,M

( • Water ) + Water = ( • 2 Water )

By formula: (C₂H₂IO₂^- • H₂O) + H₂O = (C₂H₂IO₂^- • 2H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	12.3 ± 1.5	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; T: 293 K. ΔSaff approx. 24 cal/mol-K; B
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	5.30 ± 0.30	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; T: 293 K. ΔSaff approx. 24 cal/mol-K; B,M

( • 2 Water ) + Water = ( • 3 Water )

By formula: (C₂H₂IO₂^- • 2H₂O) + H₂O = (C₂H₂IO₂^- • 3H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	11.3 ± 1.5	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; T: 293 K. ΔSaff approx. 24 cal/mol-K; B
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	4.30 ± 0.30	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; T: 293 K. ΔSaff approx. 24 cal/mol-K; B,M

C₂H₂N^- + Water = (C₂H₂N^- • Water )

By formula: C₂H₂N^- + H₂O = (C₂H₂N^- • H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	13.2 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Meot-ner, 1988	gas phase; B,M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	17.6	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-ner, 1988	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	7.9 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Meot-ner, 1988	gas phase; B

C₂H₂O⁺ + Water = (C₂H₂O⁺ • Water )

By formula: C₂H₂O⁺ + H₂O = (C₂H₂O⁺ • H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	11.6	kcal/mol	EI	Postma, Ruttink, et al., 1986	gas phase; based on AE(CH2CO+)H2O from (HOCH2)2CO+; M

C₂H₃O⁺ + Water = (C₂H₃O⁺ • Water )

By formula: C₂H₃O⁺ + H₂O = (C₂H₃O⁺ • H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	24.6	kcal/mol	HPMS	Davidson, Lau, et al., 1978	gas phase; forms CH3COOH2+; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	33.1	cal/mol*K	HPMS	Davidson, Lau, et al., 1978	gas phase; forms CH3COOH2+; M

C₂H₃O^- + Water = (C₂H₃O^- • Water )

By formula: C₂H₃O^- + H₂O = (C₂H₃O^- • H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	15.4 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Meot-ner, 1988	gas phase; B,M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	19.5	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-ner, 1988	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	9.6 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Meot-ner, 1988	gas phase; B

( • ) + Water = ( • Water • )

By formula: (C₂H₃O₂^- • C₆H₁₁NO₃) + H₂O = (C₂H₃O₂^- • H₂O • C₆H₁₁NO₃)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	13.2	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1988	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	25.4	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1988	gas phase; M

+ Water = ( • Water )

By formula: C₂H₃O₂^- + H₂O = (C₂H₃O₂^- • H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	16.40 ± 0.80	kcal/mol	TDAs	Wincel, 2008	gas phase; B
Δ_rH°	15.9 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	N/A	Meot-ner, Elmore, et al., 1999	gas phase; B
Δ_rH°	16.0 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	N/A	Meot-Ner and Sieck, 1986	gas phase; B,M
Δ_rH°	16.4 ± 1.5	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; T: 293 K. ΔSaff approx. 24 cal/mol-K; B
Δ_rH°	15.8	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-ner, 1988, 2	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	20.3	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-ner, 1988, 2	gas phase; M
Δ_rS°	22.5	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner and Sieck, 1986	gas phase; ion given as C2H3COO- in paper by error; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	9.0 ± 1.4	kcal/mol	N/A	Wincel, 2008	gas phase; B
Δ_rG°	9.52	kcal/mol	TDAs	Meot-ner, Elmore, et al., 1999	gas phase; B
Δ_rG°	9.3 ± 1.6	kcal/mol	TDAs	Meot-Ner and Sieck, 1986	gas phase; B
Δ_rG°	9.40 ± 0.30	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; T: 293 K. ΔSaff approx. 24 cal/mol-K; B,M

( • Water ) + Water = ( • 2 Water )

By formula: (C₂H₃O₂^- • H₂O) + H₂O = (C₂H₃O₂^- • 2H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	12.9 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	N/A	Meot-ner, Elmore, et al., 1999	gas phase; B
Δ_rH°	13.8 ± 1.5	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; T: 293 K. ΔSaff approx. 24 cal/mol-K; B
Δ_rH°	12.8	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-ner, 1988, 2	gas phase; M
Δ_rH°	12.9	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner and Sieck, 1986	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	19.1	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-ner, 1988, 2	gas phase; M
Δ_rS°	20.5	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner and Sieck, 1986	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	7.00	kcal/mol	TDAs	Meot-ner, Elmore, et al., 1999	gas phase; B
Δ_rG°	6.80 ± 0.30	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; T: 293 K. ΔSaff approx. 24 cal/mol-K; B,M

( • 2 Water ) + Water = ( • 3 Water )

By formula: (C₂H₃O₂^- • 2H₂O) + H₂O = (C₂H₃O₂^- • 3H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	11.8 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	N/A	Meot-ner, Elmore, et al., 1999	gas phase; B
Δ_rH°	12.2 ± 1.5	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; T: 293 K. ΔSaff approx. 24 cal/mol-K; B
Δ_rH°	11.8	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-ner, 1988, 2	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	20.	cal/mol*K	N/A	Meot-ner, 1988, 2	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	5.84	kcal/mol	TDAs	Meot-ner, Elmore, et al., 1999	gas phase; B
Δ_rG°	5.20 ± 0.30	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; T: 293 K. ΔSaff approx. 24 cal/mol-K; B,M
Δ_rG°	5.9	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-ner, 1988, 2	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

C₂H₄F₃O⁺ + Water = (C₂H₄F₃O⁺ • Water )

By formula: C₂H₄F₃O⁺ + H₂O = (C₂H₄F₃O⁺ • H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	30.5	kcal/mol	ICR	Larson and McMahon, 1982	gas phase; switching reaction(H3O+)H2O, Entropy change calculated or estimated; Cunningham, Payzant, et al., 1972, Lias, Liebman, et al., 1984, Keesee and Castleman, 1986; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	23.8	cal/mol*K	N/A	Larson and McMahon, 1982	gas phase; switching reaction(H3O+)H2O, Entropy change calculated or estimated; Cunningham, Payzant, et al., 1972, Lias, Liebman, et al., 1984, Keesee and Castleman, 1986; M

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
23.4	309.	ICR	Larson and McMahon, 1982	gas phase; switching reaction(H3O+)H2O, Entropy change calculated or estimated; Cunningham, Payzant, et al., 1972, Lias, Liebman, et al., 1984, Keesee and Castleman, 1986; M

(C₂H₄N⁺ • ) + Water = (C₂H₄N⁺ • Water • )

By formula: (C₂H₄N⁺ • C₂H₃N) + H₂O = (C₂H₄N⁺ • H₂O • C₂H₃N)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	15.9	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Deakyne, Meot-Ner (Mautner), et al., 1986	gas phase; n; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	24.6	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Deakyne, Meot-Ner (Mautner), et al., 1986	gas phase; n; M

C₂H₄N⁺ + Water = (C₂H₄N⁺ • Water )

By formula: C₂H₄N⁺ + H₂O = (C₂H₄N⁺ • H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	22.1 ± 1.4	kcal/mol	CID	Honma, Sunderlin, et al., 1993	gas phase; guided ion beam CID; M
Δ_rH°	22.8	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Speller and Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1985	gas phase; M
Δ_rH°	24.8	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	24.5	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Speller and Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1985	gas phase; M
Δ_rS°	28.4	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984	gas phase; M

(C₂H₄N⁺ • Water • ) + Water = (C₂H₄N⁺ • 2 Water • )

By formula: (C₂H₄N⁺ • H₂O • C₂H₃N) + H₂O = (C₂H₄N⁺ • 2H₂O • C₂H₃N)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	15.3	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Deakyne, Meot-Ner (Mautner), et al., 1986	gas phase; n; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	25.2	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Deakyne, Meot-Ner (Mautner), et al., 1986	gas phase; n; M

(C₂H₄N⁺ • Water • 2) + Water = (C₂H₄N⁺ • 2 Water • 2)

By formula: (C₂H₄N⁺ • H₂O • 2C₂H₃N) + H₂O = (C₂H₄N⁺ • 2H₂O • 2C₂H₃N)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	9.7	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Deakyne, Meot-Ner (Mautner), et al., 1986	gas phase; n, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	22.	cal/mol*K	N/A	Deakyne, Meot-Ner (Mautner), et al., 1986	gas phase; n, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
2.8	316.	PHPMS	Deakyne, Meot-Ner (Mautner), et al., 1986	gas phase; n, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

(C₂H₄N⁺ • 2 Water • ) + Water = (C₂H₄N⁺ • 3 Water • )

By formula: (C₂H₄N⁺ • 2H₂O • C₂H₃N) + H₂O = (C₂H₄N⁺ • 3H₂O • C₂H₃N)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	10.3	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Deakyne, Meot-Ner (Mautner), et al., 1986	gas phase; n; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	22.3	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Deakyne, Meot-Ner (Mautner), et al., 1986	gas phase; n; M

(C₂H₄N⁺ • Water ) + Water = (C₂H₄N⁺ • 2 Water )

By formula: (C₂H₄N⁺ • H₂O) + H₂O = (C₂H₄N⁺ • 2H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	15.0 ± 1.7	kcal/mol	CID	Honma, Sunderlin, et al., 1993	gas phase; guided ion beam CID; M
Δ_rH°	17.5	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	25.1	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984	gas phase; M

(C₂H₄N⁺ • 2 Water ) + Water = (C₂H₄N⁺ • 3 Water )

By formula: (C₂H₄N⁺ • 2H₂O) + H₂O = (C₂H₄N⁺ • 3H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	15.6	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	24.8	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984	gas phase; M

(C₂H₄N⁺ • 3 Water ) + Water = (C₂H₄N⁺ • 4 Water )

By formula: (C₂H₄N⁺ • 3H₂O) + H₂O = (C₂H₄N⁺ • 4H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	11.2	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	21.8	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984	gas phase; M

(C₂H₄N⁺ • 4 Water ) + Water = (C₂H₄N⁺ • 5 Water )

By formula: (C₂H₄N⁺ • 4H₂O) + H₂O = (C₂H₄N⁺ • 5H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	10.4	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	23.4	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984	gas phase; M

(C₂H₄N⁺ • 5 Water ) + Water = (C₂H₄N⁺ • 6 Water )

By formula: (C₂H₄N⁺ • 5H₂O) + H₂O = (C₂H₄N⁺ • 6H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	10.1	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	25.5	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984	gas phase; M

C₂H₄NO₂^- + Water = C₂H₆NO₃^-

By formula: C₂H₄NO₂^- + H₂O = C₂H₆NO₃^-

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	17.33 ± 0.50	kcal/mol	TDAs	Nieckarz, Atkins, et al., 2008	gas phase; B
Δ_rH°	16.00 ± 0.30	kcal/mol	N/A	Wincel, 2008	gas phase; B
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	9.3 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Nieckarz, Atkins, et al., 2008	gas phase; B
Δ_rG°	8.20 ± 0.40	kcal/mol	TDAs	Wincel, 2008	gas phase; B

C₂H₄NO₅^- + Water + = C₂H₆NO₆^-

By formula: C₂H₄NO₅^- + H₂O + C₂H₄O₂ = C₂H₆NO₆^-

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	4.60 ± 0.20	kcal/mol	IMRE	Viidanoja, Reiner, et al., 2000	gas phase; B

C₂H₅F₂O⁺ + Water = (C₂H₅F₂O⁺ • Water )

By formula: C₂H₅F₂O⁺ + H₂O = (C₂H₅F₂O⁺ • H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	25.	kcal/mol	ICR	Berman and Beauchamp, 1986	gas phase; bracketing; Lias, Liebman, et al., 1984; M

C₂H₅F₃N⁺ + Water = (C₂H₅F₃N⁺ • Water )

By formula: C₂H₅F₃N⁺ + H₂O = (C₂H₅F₃N⁺ • H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	21.1	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Lau and Kebarle, 1981	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	30.0	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Lau and Kebarle, 1981	gas phase; M

(C₂H₅F₃N⁺ • Water ) + Water = (C₂H₅F₃N⁺ • 2 Water )

By formula: (C₂H₅F₃N⁺ • H₂O) + H₂O = (C₂H₅F₃N⁺ • 2H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	17.3	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Lau and Kebarle, 1981	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	29.9	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Lau and Kebarle, 1981	gas phase; M

(C₂H₅F₃N⁺ • 2 Water ) + Water = (C₂H₅F₃N⁺ • 3 Water )

By formula: (C₂H₅F₃N⁺ • 2H₂O) + H₂O = (C₂H₅F₃N⁺ • 3H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	14.2	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Lau and Kebarle, 1981	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	29.2	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Lau and Kebarle, 1981	gas phase; M

C₂H₅O⁺ + Water = (C₂H₅O⁺ • Water )

By formula: C₂H₅O⁺ + H₂O = (C₂H₅O⁺ • H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	25.0	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	27.6	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984	gas phase; M

(C₂H₅O⁺ • Water ) + Water = (C₂H₅O⁺ • 2 Water )

By formula: (C₂H₅O⁺ • H₂O) + H₂O = (C₂H₅O⁺ • 2H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	16.8	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	25.2	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984	gas phase; M

(C₂H₅O⁺ • 2 Water ) + Water = (C₂H₅O⁺ • 3 Water )

By formula: (C₂H₅O⁺ • 2H₂O) + H₂O = (C₂H₅O⁺ • 3H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	17.0	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	27.9	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984	gas phase; M

(C₂H₅O⁺ • 3 Water ) + Water = (C₂H₅O⁺ • 4 Water )

By formula: (C₂H₅O⁺ • 3H₂O) + H₂O = (C₂H₅O⁺ • 4H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	11.3	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	21.4	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984	gas phase; M

(C₂H₅O⁺ • 4 Water ) + Water = (C₂H₅O⁺ • 5 Water )

By formula: (C₂H₅O⁺ • 4H₂O) + H₂O = (C₂H₅O⁺ • 5H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	9.4	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	18.8	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984	gas phase; M

(C₂H₅O⁺ • 5 Water ) + Water = (C₂H₅O⁺ • 6 Water )

By formula: (C₂H₅O⁺ • 5H₂O) + H₂O = (C₂H₅O⁺ • 6H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	9.3	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	21.7	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984	gas phase; M

(C₂H₅O⁺ • 6 Water ) + Water = (C₂H₅O⁺ • 7 Water )

By formula: (C₂H₅O⁺ • 6H₂O) + H₂O = (C₂H₅O⁺ • 7H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	9.8	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	25.8	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984	gas phase; M

C₂H₅O⁺ + Water = (C₂H₅O⁺ • Water )

By formula: C₂H₅O⁺ + H₂O = (C₂H₅O⁺ • H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	20.1	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984	gas phase; M
Δ_rH°	21.9	kcal/mol	HPMS	Davidson, Sunner J., et al., 1979	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	21.0	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984	gas phase; M

(C₂H₅O⁺ • Water ) + Water = (C₂H₅O⁺ • 2 Water )

By formula: (C₂H₅O⁺ • H₂O) + H₂O = (C₂H₅O⁺ • 2H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	17.8	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	26.4	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984	gas phase; M

(C₂H₅O⁺ • 2 Water ) + Water = (C₂H₅O⁺ • 3 Water )

By formula: (C₂H₅O⁺ • 2H₂O) + H₂O = (C₂H₅O⁺ • 3H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	12.9	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	23.2	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984	gas phase; M

(C₂H₅O⁺ • 3 Water ) + Water = (C₂H₅O⁺ • 4 Water )

By formula: (C₂H₅O⁺ • 3H₂O) + H₂O = (C₂H₅O⁺ • 4H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	10.8	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	20.4	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984	gas phase; M

C₂H₅O₂⁺ + Water = (C₂H₅O₂⁺ • Water )

By formula: C₂H₅O₂⁺ + H₂O = (C₂H₅O₂⁺ • H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	21.5	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	25.0	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984	gas phase; M

(C₂H₅O₂⁺ • Water ) + Water = (C₂H₅O₂⁺ • 2 Water )

By formula: (C₂H₅O₂⁺ • H₂O) + H₂O = (C₂H₅O₂⁺ • 2H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	16.2	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	26.5	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984	gas phase; M

(C₂H₅O₂⁺ • 2 Water ) + Water = (C₂H₅O₂⁺ • 3 Water )

By formula: (C₂H₅O₂⁺ • 2H₂O) + H₂O = (C₂H₅O₂⁺ • 3H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	13.6	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	21.4	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984	gas phase; M

(C₂H₅O₂⁺ • 3 Water ) + Water = (C₂H₅O₂⁺ • 4 Water )

By formula: (C₂H₅O₂⁺ • 3H₂O) + H₂O = (C₂H₅O₂⁺ • 4H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	11.0	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	21.6	cal/mol*K	N/A	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
3.8	334.	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

(C₂H₅O₂⁺ • 4 Water ) + Water = (C₂H₅O₂⁺ • 5 Water )

By formula: (C₂H₅O₂⁺ • 4H₂O) + H₂O = (C₂H₅O₂⁺ • 5H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	10.3	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	21.2	cal/mol*K	N/A	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
4.1	280.	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

C₂H₅O₄^- + 2 Water = C₂H₇O₅^-

By formula: C₂H₅O₄^- + 2H₂O = C₂H₇O₅^-

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	13.1 ± 1.5	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; T: 293 K. ΔSaff approx. 24 cal/mol-K; B
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	6.10 ± 0.30	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; T: 293 K. ΔSaff approx. 24 cal/mol-K; B

C₂H₆NO₂⁺ + Water = (C₂H₆NO₂⁺ • Water )

By formula: C₂H₆NO₂⁺ + H₂O = (C₂H₆NO₂⁺ • H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
9.7	293.	ES/HPMS	Klassen, Blades, et al., 1995	gas phase; M

(C₂H₆NO₂⁺ • Water ) + Water = (C₂H₆NO₂⁺ • 2 Water )

By formula: (C₂H₆NO₂⁺ • H₂O) + H₂O = (C₂H₆NO₂⁺ • 2H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
7.2	293.	ES/HPMS	Klassen, Blades, et al., 1995	gas phase; M

(C₂H₆NO₂⁺ • 2 Water ) + Water = (C₂H₆NO₂⁺ • 3 Water )

By formula: (C₂H₆NO₂⁺ • 2H₂O) + H₂O = (C₂H₆NO₂⁺ • 3H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
5.4	293.	ES/HPMS	Klassen, Blades, et al., 1995	gas phase; M

(C₂H₇O⁺ • ) + Water = (C₂H₇O⁺ • Water • )

By formula: (C₂H₇O⁺ • C₂H₆O) + H₂O = (C₂H₇O⁺ • H₂O • C₂H₆O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	16.3	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Hiraoka, Grimsrud, et al., 1974	gas phase; n, Entropy change is questionable; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	38.8	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Hiraoka, Grimsrud, et al., 1974	gas phase; n, Entropy change is questionable; M

C₂H₇O⁺ + Water = (C₂H₇O⁺ • Water )

By formula: C₂H₇O⁺ + H₂O = (C₂H₇O⁺ • H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	12.4	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Tholman, Tonner, et al., 1994	gas phase; M
Δ_rH°	24.0	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984	gas phase; M
Δ_rH°	22.6	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Hiraoka, Grimsrud, et al., 1974	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	27.2	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Tholman, Tonner, et al., 1994	gas phase; M
Δ_rS°	29.0	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984	gas phase; M
Δ_rS°	26.5	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Hiraoka, Grimsrud, et al., 1974	gas phase; M

(C₂H₇O⁺ • Water • ) + Water = (C₂H₇O⁺ • 2 Water • )

By formula: (C₂H₇O⁺ • H₂O • C₂H₆O) + H₂O = (C₂H₇O⁺ • 2H₂O • C₂H₆O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	13.6	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Hiraoka, Grimsrud, et al., 1974	gas phase; n; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	24.6	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Hiraoka, Grimsrud, et al., 1974	gas phase; n; M

(C₂H₇O⁺ • Water • 2) + Water = (C₂H₇O⁺ • 2 Water • 2)

By formula: (C₂H₇O⁺ • H₂O • 2C₂H₆O) + H₂O = (C₂H₇O⁺ • 2H₂O • 2C₂H₆O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	11.4	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Hiraoka, Grimsrud, et al., 1974	gas phase; n; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	30.3	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Hiraoka, Grimsrud, et al., 1974	gas phase; n; M

(C₂H₇O⁺ • Water • 3) + Water = (C₂H₇O⁺ • 2 Water • 3)

By formula: (C₂H₇O⁺ • H₂O • 3C₂H₆O) + H₂O = (C₂H₇O⁺ • 2H₂O • 3C₂H₆O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	11.4	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Hiraoka, Grimsrud, et al., 1974	gas phase; n; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	30.3	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Hiraoka, Grimsrud, et al., 1974	gas phase; n; M

(C₂H₇O⁺ • 2 Water • ) + Water = (C₂H₇O⁺ • 3 Water • )

By formula: (C₂H₇O⁺ • 2H₂O • C₂H₆O) + H₂O = (C₂H₇O⁺ • 3H₂O • C₂H₆O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	11.6	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Hiraoka, Grimsrud, et al., 1974	gas phase; n; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	26.8	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Hiraoka, Grimsrud, et al., 1974	gas phase; n; M

(C₂H₇O⁺ • Water ) + Water = (C₂H₇O⁺ • 2 Water )

By formula: (C₂H₇O⁺ • H₂O) + H₂O = (C₂H₇O⁺ • 2H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	15.3	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Hiraoka, Grimsrud, et al., 1974	gas phase; n; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	26.3	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Hiraoka, Grimsrud, et al., 1974	gas phase; n; M

(C₂H₇O⁺ • 2 Water ) + Water = (C₂H₇O⁺ • 3 Water )

By formula: (C₂H₇O⁺ • 2H₂O) + H₂O = (C₂H₇O⁺ • 3H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	12.9	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Tholman, Tonner, et al., 1994	gas phase; M
Δ_rH°	13.8	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Hiraoka, Grimsrud, et al., 1974	gas phase; n; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	22.7	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Tholman, Tonner, et al., 1994	gas phase; M
Δ_rS°	25.4	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Hiraoka, Grimsrud, et al., 1974	gas phase; n; M

(C₂H₇O⁺ • 3 Water ) + Water = (C₂H₇O⁺ • 4 Water )

By formula: (C₂H₇O⁺ • 3H₂O) + H₂O = (C₂H₇O⁺ • 4H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	10.2	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Hiraoka, Grimsrud, et al., 1974	gas phase; n; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	19.0	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Hiraoka, Grimsrud, et al., 1974	gas phase; n; M

C₂H₇O⁺ + Water = (C₂H₇O⁺ • Water )

By formula: C₂H₇O⁺ + H₂O = (C₂H₇O⁺ • H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	26.5	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Hiraoka, Takimoto, et al., 1986	gas phase; M
Δ_rH°	24.	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Kebarle, 1977	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	30.5	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Hiraoka, Takimoto, et al., 1986	gas phase; M
Δ_rS°	26.	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Kebarle, 1977	gas phase; M

(C₂H₇O⁺ • Water ) + Water = (C₂H₇O⁺ • 2 Water )

By formula: (C₂H₇O⁺ • H₂O) + H₂O = (C₂H₇O⁺ • 2H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	18.7	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Hiraoka, Takimoto, et al., 1986	gas phase; M
Δ_rH°	19.2	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Kebarle, 1977	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	26.9	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Hiraoka, Takimoto, et al., 1986	gas phase; M
Δ_rS°	28.	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Kebarle, 1977	gas phase; M

(C₂H₇O⁺ • 2 Water ) + Water = (C₂H₇O⁺ • 3 Water )

By formula: (C₂H₇O⁺ • 2H₂O) + H₂O = (C₂H₇O⁺ • 3H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	13.4	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Hiraoka, Takimoto, et al., 1986	gas phase; M
Δ_rH°	14.2	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Kebarle, 1977	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	24.7	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Hiraoka, Takimoto, et al., 1986	gas phase; M
Δ_rS°	26.	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Kebarle, 1977	gas phase; M

(C₂H₇O⁺ • 3 Water ) + Water = (C₂H₇O⁺ • 4 Water )

By formula: (C₂H₇O⁺ • 3H₂O) + H₂O = (C₂H₇O⁺ • 4H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	11.3	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Hiraoka, Takimoto, et al., 1986	gas phase; M
Δ_rH°	12.5	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Kebarle, 1977	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	22.8	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Hiraoka, Takimoto, et al., 1986	gas phase; M
Δ_rS°	26.	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Kebarle, 1977	gas phase; M

(C₂H₇O⁺ • 4 Water ) + Water = (C₂H₇O⁺ • 5 Water )

By formula: (C₂H₇O⁺ • 4H₂O) + H₂O = (C₂H₇O⁺ • 5H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	9.7	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Hiraoka, Takimoto, et al., 1986	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	20.9	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Hiraoka, Takimoto, et al., 1986	gas phase; M

(C₂H₇O⁺ • 5 Water ) + Water = (C₂H₇O⁺ • 6 Water )

By formula: (C₂H₇O⁺ • 5H₂O) + H₂O = (C₂H₇O⁺ • 6H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	13.1	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Kebarle, 1977	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	28.	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Kebarle, 1977	gas phase; M

C₂H₇O₂^- + Water + = C₂H₉O₃^-

By formula: C₂H₇O₂^- + H₂O + CH₄O = C₂H₉O₃^-

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	17.8 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Meot-Ner(Mautner), 1986	gas phase; B
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	10.10 ± 0.50	kcal/mol	TDAs	Meot-Ner(Mautner), 1986	gas phase; B

C₂H₇O₅^- + 3 Water = C₂H₉O₆^-

By formula: C₂H₇O₅^- + 3H₂O = C₂H₉O₆^-

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	11.6 ± 1.5	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; T: 293 K. ΔSaff approx. 24 cal/mol-K; B
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	4.60 ± 0.30	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; T: 293 K. ΔSaff approx. 24 cal/mol-K; B

C₂H₇O₅S^- + 2 Water = C₂H₉O₆S^-

By formula: C₂H₇O₅S^- + 2H₂O = C₂H₉O₆S^-

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	11.6 ± 1.5	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; T: 293 K. ΔSaff approx. 24 cal/mol-K; B
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	4.60 ± 0.30	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; T: 293 K. ΔSaff approx. 24 cal/mol-K; B

C₂H₇S⁺ + Water = (C₂H₇S⁺ • Water )

By formula: C₂H₇S⁺ + H₂O = (C₂H₇S⁺ • H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	12.	kcal/mol	ICR	Berman and Beauchamp, 1986	gas phase; bracketing; Lias, Liebman, et al., 1984; M
Δ_rH°	13.1	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Sieck, 1985	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	22.6	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Sieck, 1985	gas phase; M

(C₂H₇S⁺ • Water ) + Water = (C₂H₇S⁺ • 2 Water )

By formula: (C₂H₇S⁺ • H₂O) + H₂O = (C₂H₇S⁺ • 2H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	11.6	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Sieck, 1985	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	23.0	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Sieck, 1985	gas phase; M

C₂H₇S⁺ + Water = (C₂H₇S⁺ • Water )

By formula: C₂H₇S⁺ + H₂O = (C₂H₇S⁺ • H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	14.7	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Sieck, 1985	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	22.8	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Sieck, 1985	gas phase; M

C₂H₈N⁺ + Water = (C₂H₈N⁺ • Water )

By formula: C₂H₈N⁺ + H₂O = (C₂H₈N⁺ • H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	15.0	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	22.9	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	9.1	kcal/mol	HPMS	Banic and Iribarne, 1985	gas phase; electric fields; M

(C₂H₈N⁺ • Water ) + Water = (C₂H₈N⁺ • 2 Water )

By formula: (C₂H₈N⁺ • H₂O) + H₂O = (C₂H₈N⁺ • 2H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	13.5	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	24.7	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	6.2	kcal/mol	HPMS	Banic and Iribarne, 1985	gas phase; electric fields; M

(C₂H₈N⁺ • 2 Water ) + Water = (C₂H₈N⁺ • 3 Water )

By formula: (C₂H₈N⁺ • 2H₂O) + H₂O = (C₂H₈N⁺ • 3H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	11.3	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	24.4	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	4.2	kcal/mol	HPMS	Banic and Iribarne, 1985	gas phase; electric fields; M

(C₂H₈N⁺ • 3 Water ) + Water = (C₂H₈N⁺ • 4 Water )

By formula: (C₂H₈N⁺ • 3H₂O) + H₂O = (C₂H₈N⁺ • 4H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	10.5	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	25.2	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984	gas phase; M

(C₂H₈N⁺ • 4 Water ) + Water = (C₂H₈N⁺ • 5 Water )

By formula: (C₂H₈N⁺ • 4H₂O) + H₂O = (C₂H₈N⁺ • 5H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	9.4	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	24.4	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984	gas phase; M

(C₂H₈N⁺ • 5 Water ) + Water = (C₂H₈N⁺ • 6 Water )

By formula: (C₂H₈N⁺ • 5H₂O) + H₂O = (C₂H₈N⁺ • 6H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	8.4	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	21.2	cal/mol*K	N/A	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
3.0	255.	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

C₂H₈N⁺ + Water = (C₂H₈N⁺ • Water )

By formula: C₂H₈N⁺ + H₂O = (C₂H₈N⁺ • H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	17.5	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Lau and Kebarle, 1981	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	25.9	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Lau and Kebarle, 1981	gas phase; M

(C₂H₈N⁺ • Water ) + Water = (C₂H₈N⁺ • 2 Water )

By formula: (C₂H₈N⁺ • H₂O) + H₂O = (C₂H₈N⁺ • 2H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	14.7	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Lau and Kebarle, 1981	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	29.7	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Lau and Kebarle, 1981	gas phase; M

(C₂H₈N⁺ • 2 Water ) + Water = (C₂H₈N⁺ • 3 Water )

By formula: (C₂H₈N⁺ • 2H₂O) + H₂O = (C₂H₈N⁺ • 3H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	13.2	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Lau and Kebarle, 1981	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	30.8	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Lau and Kebarle, 1981	gas phase; M

C₂H₈O₈S₂^-2 + 3 Water = C₂H₁₀O₉S₂^-2

By formula: C₂H₈O₈S₂^-2 + 3H₂O = C₂H₁₀O₉S₂^-2

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	7.50 ± 0.30	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; B

C₂H₉N⁺ + Water = (C₂H₉N⁺ • Water )

By formula: C₂H₉N⁺ + H₂O = (C₂H₉N⁺ • H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
7.8	293.	ES/HPMS	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; M

C₂H₉O₃^- + 2 Water + = C₂H₁₁O₄^-

By formula: C₂H₉O₃^- + 2H₂O + CH₄O = C₂H₁₁O₄^-

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	15.2 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Meot-Ner(Mautner), 1986	gas phase; B
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	6.90 ± 0.50	kcal/mol	TDAs	Meot-Ner(Mautner), 1986	gas phase; B

C₂H₁₀O₉S₂^-2 + 4 Water = C₂H₁₂O₁₀S₂^-2

By formula: C₂H₁₀O₉S₂^-2 + 4H₂O = C₂H₁₂O₁₀S₂^-2

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	6.60 ± 0.30	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; B

C₂H₁₂O₁₀S₂^-2 + 5 Water = C₂H₁₄O₁₁S₂^-2

By formula: C₂H₁₂O₁₀S₂^-2 + 5H₂O = C₂H₁₄O₁₁S₂^-2

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	5.90 ± 0.30	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; B

C₂H₁₄O₁₁S₂^-2 + 6 Water = C₂H₁₆O₁₂S₂^-2

By formula: C₂H₁₄O₁₁S₂^-2 + 6H₂O = C₂H₁₆O₁₂S₂^-2

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	5.30 ± 0.30	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; B

C₃H₂F₃O^- + Water = (C₃H₂F₃O^- • Water )

By formula: C₃H₂F₃O^- + H₂O = (C₃H₂F₃O^- • H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	12.8 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Meot-ner, 1988	gas phase; B
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	7.6 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Meot-ner, 1988	gas phase; B

C₃H₂F₃O^- + Water = (C₃H₂F₃O^- • Water )

By formula: C₃H₂F₃O^- + H₂O = (C₃H₂F₃O^- • H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	12.8	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-ner, 1988	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	17.3	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-ner, 1988	gas phase; M

C₃H₂N⁺ + Water = (C₃H₂N⁺ • Water )

By formula: C₃H₂N⁺ + H₂O = (C₃H₂N⁺ • H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	23.3	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Speller and Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1985	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	23.8	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Speller and Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1985	gas phase; M

C₃H₂NO₂^- + Water = (C₃H₂NO₂^- • Water )

By formula: C₃H₂NO₂^- + H₂O = (C₃H₂NO₂^- • H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	14.30	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; T: 293 K. ΔSaff approx. 24 cal/mol-K; B
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	7.10 ± 0.30	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; T: 293 K. ΔSaff approx. 24 cal/mol-K; B

(C₃H₂NO₂^- • Water ) + Water = (C₃H₂NO₂^- • 2 Water )

By formula: (C₃H₂NO₂^- • H₂O) + H₂O = (C₃H₂NO₂^- • 2H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	12.2 ± 1.5	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; T: 293 K. ΔSaff approx. 24 cal/mol-K; B
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	5.20 ± 0.30	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; T: 293 K. ΔSaff approx. 24 cal/mol-K; B

+ Water = ( • Water )

By formula: C₃H₃N₂^- + H₂O = (C₃H₃N₂^- • H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	15.2	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1988	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	22.6	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1988	gas phase; M

( • Water ) + Water = ( • 2 Water )

By formula: (C₃H₃N₂^- • H₂O) + H₂O = (C₃H₃N₂^- • 2H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	11.8	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1988	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	18.2	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1988	gas phase; M

( • 2 Water ) + Water = ( • 3 Water )

By formula: (C₃H₃N₂^- • 2H₂O) + H₂O = (C₃H₃N₂^- • 3H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	12.9	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1988	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	29.2	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1988	gas phase; M

C₃H₃O₄^- + Water = (C₃H₃O₄^- • Water )

By formula: C₃H₃O₄^- + H₂O = (C₃H₃O₄^- • H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	5.3	kcal/mol	ES/HPMS	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; M

(C₃H₃O₄^- • Water ) + Water = (C₃H₃O₄^- • 2 Water )

By formula: (C₃H₃O₄^- • H₂O) + H₂O = (C₃H₃O₄^- • 2H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	4.0	kcal/mol	ES/HPMS	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; M

C₃H₄N₂⁺ + Water = (C₃H₄N₂⁺ • Water )

By formula: C₃H₄N₂⁺ + H₂O = (C₃H₄N₂⁺ • H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	14.8	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1988	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	23.8	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1988	gas phase; M

(C₃H₄N₂⁺ • Water ) + Water = (C₃H₄N₂⁺ • 2 Water )

By formula: (C₃H₄N₂⁺ • H₂O) + H₂O = (C₃H₄N₂⁺ • 2H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	12.6	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1988	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	23.3	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1988	gas phase; M

(C₃H₄N₂⁺ • 2 Water ) + Water = (C₃H₄N₂⁺ • 3 Water )

By formula: (C₃H₄N₂⁺ • 2H₂O) + H₂O = (C₃H₄N₂⁺ • 3H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	12.2	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1988	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	29.8	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1988	gas phase; M

C₃H₄O₅^- + Water + = C₃H₆O₆^-

By formula: C₃H₄O₅^- + H₂O + C₂H₄O₂ = C₃H₆O₆^-

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	4.60 ± 0.20	kcal/mol	IMRE	Viidanoja, Reiner, et al., 2000	gas phase; B

C₃H₅O⁺ + Water = (C₃H₅O⁺ • Water )

By formula: C₃H₅O⁺ + H₂O = (C₃H₅O⁺ • H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	15.8	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-ner, 1988	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	20.3	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-ner, 1988	gas phase; M

(C₃H₅O⁺ • Water ) + Water = (C₃H₅O⁺ • 2 Water )

By formula: (C₃H₅O⁺ • H₂O) + H₂O = (C₃H₅O⁺ • 2H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	13.9	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-ner, 1988	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	22.8	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-ner, 1988	gas phase; M

(C₃H₅O⁺ • 2 Water ) + Water = (C₃H₅O⁺ • 3 Water )

By formula: (C₃H₅O⁺ • 2H₂O) + H₂O = (C₃H₅O⁺ • 3H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	13.0	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-ner, 1988	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	27.4	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-ner, 1988	gas phase; M

(C₃H₅O⁺ • 3 Water ) + Water = (C₃H₅O⁺ • 4 Water )

By formula: (C₃H₅O⁺ • 3H₂O) + H₂O = (C₃H₅O⁺ • 4H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	10.8	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-ner, 1988	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	24.1	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-ner, 1988	gas phase; M

C₃H₅O⁺ + Water = (C₃H₅O⁺ • Water )

By formula: C₃H₅O⁺ + H₂O = (C₃H₅O⁺ • H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	23.7	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Davidson, Meza-Hojer, et al., 1979	gas phase; forms protonated propanoic acid; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	35.1	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Davidson, Meza-Hojer, et al., 1979	gas phase; forms protonated propanoic acid; M

(C₃H₅O⁺ • 2 Water ) + Water = (C₃H₅O⁺ • 3 Water )

By formula: (C₃H₅O⁺ • 2H₂O) + H₂O = (C₃H₅O⁺ • 3H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	16.4	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Hiraoka and Kebarle, 1977	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	24.	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Hiraoka and Kebarle, 1977	gas phase; M

(C₃H₅O⁺ • 3 Water ) + Water = (C₃H₅O⁺ • 4 Water )

By formula: (C₃H₅O⁺ • 3H₂O) + H₂O = (C₃H₅O⁺ • 4H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	12.7	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Hiraoka and Kebarle, 1977	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	24.	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Hiraoka and Kebarle, 1977	gas phase; M

C₃H₅O^- + Water = (C₃H₅O^- • Water )

By formula: C₃H₅O^- + H₂O = (C₃H₅O^- • H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	15.8 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Meot-ner, 1988	gas phase; B
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	9.7 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Meot-ner, 1988	gas phase; B

+ Water = ( • Water )

By formula: C₃H₅O₂^- + H₂O = (C₃H₅O₂^- • H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	16.3 ± 1.5	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; T: 293 K. ΔSaff approx. 24 cal/mol-K; B
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	9.30 ± 0.30	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; T: 293 K. ΔSaff approx. 24 cal/mol-K; B,M
Δ_rG°	8.40 ± 0.20	kcal/mol	N/A	Viidanoja, Reiner, et al., 2000	gas phase; B

( • Water ) + Water = ( • 2 Water )

By formula: (C₃H₅O₂^- • H₂O) + H₂O = (C₃H₅O₂^- • 2H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	13.6 ± 1.5	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; T: 293 K. ΔSaff approx. 24 cal/mol-K; B
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	6.60 ± 0.30	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; T: 293 K. ΔSaff approx. 24 cal/mol-K; B,M
Δ_rG°	6.90 ± 0.20	kcal/mol	N/A	Viidanoja, Reiner, et al., 2000	gas phase; B

( • 2 Water ) + Water = ( • 3 Water )

By formula: (C₃H₅O₂^- • 2H₂O) + H₂O = (C₃H₅O₂^- • 3H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	12.1 ± 1.5	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; T: 293 K. ΔSaff approx. 24 cal/mol-K; B
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	5.10 ± 0.30	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; T: 293 K. ΔSaff approx. 24 cal/mol-K; B,M
Δ_rG°	5.10 ± 0.20	kcal/mol	N/A	Viidanoja, Reiner, et al., 2000	gas phase; B

+ Water = ( • Water )

By formula: C₃H₅O₃^- + H₂O = (C₃H₅O₃^- • H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	14.7 ± 1.5	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; T: 293 K. ΔSaff approx. 24 cal/mol-K; B
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	7.70 ± 0.30	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; T: 293 K. ΔSaff approx. 24 cal/mol-K; B,M

( • Water ) + Water = ( • 2 Water )

By formula: (C₃H₅O₃^- • H₂O) + H₂O = (C₃H₅O₃^- • 2H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	12.3 ± 1.5	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; T: 293 K. ΔSaff approx. 24 cal/mol-K; B
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	5.30 ± 0.30	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; T: 293 K. ΔSaff approx. 24 cal/mol-K; B,M

+ Water = ( • Water )

By formula: C₃H₅O₃^- + H₂O = (C₃H₅O₃^- • H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	15.6 ± 1.5	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; T: 293 K. ΔSaff approx. 24 cal/mol-K; B
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	8.60 ± 0.30	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; T: 293 K. ΔSaff approx. 24 cal/mol-K; B,M

( • Water ) + Water = ( • 2 Water )

By formula: (C₃H₅O₃^- • H₂O) + H₂O = (C₃H₅O₃^- • 2H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	13.1 ± 1.5	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; T: 293 K. ΔSaff approx. 24 cal/mol-K; B
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	6.10 ± 0.30	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; T: 293 K. ΔSaff approx. 24 cal/mol-K; B,M

( • 2 Water ) + Water = ( • 3 Water )

By formula: (C₃H₅O₃^- • 2H₂O) + H₂O = (C₃H₅O₃^- • 3H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	11.8 ± 1.5	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; T: 293 K. ΔSaff approx. 24 cal/mol-K; B
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	4.80 ± 0.30	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; T: 293 K. ΔSaff approx. 24 cal/mol-K; B,M

C₃H₅O₅^- + 2 Water = C₃H₇O₆^-

By formula: C₃H₅O₅^- + 2H₂O = C₃H₇O₆^-

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	4.00 ± 0.30	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; B

C₃H₆⁺ + Water = (C₃H₆⁺ • Water )

By formula: C₃H₆⁺ + H₂O = (C₃H₆⁺ • H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	10.4	kcal/mol	CID	Holmes, Mommers, et al., 1984	gas phase; structure confirmed as ion-dipole complex in Shao, Baer, et al., 1987; M

C₃H₆NO₂^- + Water = C₃H₈NO₃^-

By formula: C₃H₆NO₂^- + H₂O = C₃H₈NO₃^-

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	15.30 ± 0.40	kcal/mol	N/A	Wincel, 2008	gas phase; B
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	7.80 ± 0.80	kcal/mol	TDAs	Wincel, 2008	gas phase; B

C₃H₇⁺ + Water = (C₃H₇⁺ • Water )

By formula: C₃H₇⁺ + H₂O = (C₃H₇⁺ • H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	17.6	kcal/mol	HPMS	Beggs and Field, 1971	gas phase; Δ_rH inconsistent with (CH3)2CHOH2+ product; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	27.7	cal/mol*K	HPMS	Beggs and Field, 1971	gas phase; Δ_rH inconsistent with (CH3)2CHOH2+ product; M

C₃H₇O⁺ + Water = (C₃H₇O⁺ • Water )

By formula: C₃H₇O⁺ + H₂O = (C₃H₇O⁺ • H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	20.5	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	26.0	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984	gas phase; M

(C₃H₇O⁺ • Water ) + Water = (C₃H₇O⁺ • 2 Water )

By formula: (C₃H₇O⁺ • H₂O) + H₂O = (C₃H₇O⁺ • 2H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	13.6	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	23.2	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984	gas phase; M

(C₃H₇O⁺ • 2 Water ) + Water = (C₃H₇O⁺ • 3 Water )

By formula: (C₃H₇O⁺ • 2H₂O) + H₂O = (C₃H₇O⁺ • 3H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	12.7	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	21.9	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984	gas phase; M

(C₃H₇O⁺ • 3 Water ) + Water = (C₃H₇O⁺ • 4 Water )

By formula: (C₃H₇O⁺ • 3H₂O) + H₂O = (C₃H₇O⁺ • 4H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	10.3	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	20.2	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984	gas phase; M

(C₃H₇O⁺ • 4 Water ) + Water = (C₃H₇O⁺ • 5 Water )

By formula: (C₃H₇O⁺ • 4H₂O) + H₂O = (C₃H₇O⁺ • 5H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	10.3	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	23.5	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984	gas phase; M

C₃H₇O⁺ + Water = (C₃H₇O⁺ • Water )

By formula: C₃H₇O⁺ + H₂O = (C₃H₇O⁺ • H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	11.2	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), Ross, et al., 1985	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	18.8	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), Ross, et al., 1985	gas phase; M

C₃H₉O⁺ + Water = (C₃H₉O⁺ • Water )

By formula: C₃H₉O⁺ + H₂O = (C₃H₉O⁺ • H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	23.9	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Hiraoka, Takimoto, et al., 1986	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	28.0	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Hiraoka, Takimoto, et al., 1986	gas phase; M

(C₃H₉O⁺ • Water ) + Water = (C₃H₉O⁺ • 2 Water )

By formula: (C₃H₉O⁺ • H₂O) + H₂O = (C₃H₉O⁺ • 2H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	17.9	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Hiraoka, Takimoto, et al., 1986	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	26.3	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Hiraoka, Takimoto, et al., 1986	gas phase; M

(C₃H₉O⁺ • 2 Water ) + Water = (C₃H₉O⁺ • 3 Water )

By formula: (C₃H₉O⁺ • 2H₂O) + H₂O = (C₃H₉O⁺ • 3H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	13.0	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Hiraoka, Takimoto, et al., 1986	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	24.4	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Hiraoka, Takimoto, et al., 1986	gas phase; M

(C₃H₉O⁺ • 3 Water ) + Water = (C₃H₉O⁺ • 4 Water )

By formula: (C₃H₉O⁺ • 3H₂O) + H₂O = (C₃H₉O⁺ • 4H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	11.0	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Hiraoka, Takimoto, et al., 1986	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	22.9	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Hiraoka, Takimoto, et al., 1986	gas phase; M

(C₃H₉O⁺ • 4 Water ) + Water = (C₃H₉O⁺ • 5 Water )

By formula: (C₃H₉O⁺ • 4H₂O) + H₂O = (C₃H₉O⁺ • 5H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	9.5	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Hiraoka, Takimoto, et al., 1986	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	20.7	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Hiraoka, Takimoto, et al., 1986	gas phase; M

(C₃H₉O⁺ • 5 Water ) + Water = (C₃H₉O⁺ • 6 Water )

By formula: (C₃H₉O⁺ • 5H₂O) + H₂O = (C₃H₉O⁺ • 6H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	8.8	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Hiraoka, Takimoto, et al., 1986	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	20.8	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Hiraoka, Takimoto, et al., 1986	gas phase; M

C₃H₉O⁺ + Water = (C₃H₉O⁺ • Water )

By formula: C₃H₉O⁺ + H₂O = (C₃H₉O⁺ • H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	16.3	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Hiraoka, Takimoto, et al., 1986	gas phase; unusually small Δ_rH and Δ_rS; M
Δ_rH°	13.5	kcal/mol	HPMS	Beggs and Field, 1971	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	13.7	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Hiraoka, Takimoto, et al., 1986	gas phase; unusually small Δ_rH and Δ_rS; M
Δ_rS°	12.7	cal/mol*K	HPMS	Beggs and Field, 1971	gas phase; M

(C₃H₉O⁺ • Water ) + Water = (C₃H₉O⁺ • 2 Water )

By formula: (C₃H₉O⁺ • H₂O) + H₂O = (C₃H₉O⁺ • 2H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	16.4	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Hiraoka, Takimoto, et al., 1986	gas phase; M
Δ_rH°	14.9	kcal/mol	HPMS	Beggs and Field, 1971	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	24.1	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Hiraoka, Takimoto, et al., 1986	gas phase; M
Δ_rS°	21.5	cal/mol*K	HPMS	Beggs and Field, 1971	gas phase; M

(C₃H₉O⁺ • 2 Water ) + Water = (C₃H₉O⁺ • 3 Water )

By formula: (C₃H₉O⁺ • 2H₂O) + H₂O = (C₃H₉O⁺ • 3H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	12.5	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Hiraoka, Takimoto, et al., 1986	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	23.6	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Hiraoka, Takimoto, et al., 1986	gas phase; M

(C₃H₉O⁺ • 3 Water ) + Water = (C₃H₉O⁺ • 4 Water )

By formula: (C₃H₉O⁺ • 3H₂O) + H₂O = (C₃H₉O⁺ • 4H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	10.5	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Hiraoka, Takimoto, et al., 1986	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	21.5	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Hiraoka, Takimoto, et al., 1986	gas phase; M

(C₃H₉O⁺ • 4 Water ) + Water = (C₃H₉O⁺ • 5 Water )

By formula: (C₃H₉O⁺ • 4H₂O) + H₂O = (C₃H₉O⁺ • 5H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	9.6	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Hiraoka, Takimoto, et al., 1986	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	21.9	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Hiraoka, Takimoto, et al., 1986	gas phase; M

(C₃H₉O⁺ • 5 Water ) + Water = (C₃H₉O⁺ • 6 Water )

By formula: (C₃H₉O⁺ • 5H₂O) + H₂O = (C₃H₉O⁺ • 6H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	8.8	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Hiraoka, Takimoto, et al., 1986	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	21.3	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Hiraoka, Takimoto, et al., 1986	gas phase; M

(C₃H₉O⁺ • 6 Water ) + Water = (C₃H₉O⁺ • 7 Water )

By formula: (C₃H₉O⁺ • 6H₂O) + H₂O = (C₃H₉O⁺ • 7H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	7.9	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Hiraoka, Takimoto, et al., 1986	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	20.	cal/mol*K	N/A	Hiraoka, Takimoto, et al., 1986	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

C₃H₉S⁺ + Water = (C₃H₉S⁺ • Water )

By formula: C₃H₉S⁺ + H₂O = (C₃H₉S⁺ • H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	12.6	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Sieck, 1985	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	23.	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Sieck, 1985	gas phase; M

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
4.6	347.	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Sieck, 1985	gas phase; M

C₃H₉S⁺ + Water = (C₃H₉S⁺ • Water )

By formula: C₃H₉S⁺ + H₂O = (C₃H₉S⁺ • H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	14.4	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Sieck, 1985	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	23.	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Sieck, 1985	gas phase; M

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
4.1	446.	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Sieck, 1985	gas phase; M

C₃H₉S⁺ + Water = (C₃H₉S⁺ • Water )

By formula: C₃H₉S⁺ + H₂O = (C₃H₉S⁺ • H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	13.9	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Sieck, 1985	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	23.	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Sieck, 1985	gas phase; M

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
4.3	418.	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Sieck, 1985	gas phase; M

C₃H₉Si⁺ + Water = (C₃H₉Si⁺ • Water )

By formula: C₃H₉Si⁺ + H₂O = (C₃H₉Si⁺ • H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	30.1 ± 1.9	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Stone and Wojtyniak, 1986	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	27.0	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Stone and Wojtyniak, 1986	gas phase; M

(C₃H₉Si⁺ • Water ) + Water = (C₃H₉Si⁺ • 2 Water )

By formula: (C₃H₉Si⁺ • H₂O) + H₂O = (C₃H₉Si⁺ • 2H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	19.9	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Stone and Wytenberg, 1987	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	28.1	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Stone and Wytenberg, 1987	gas phase; M

C₃H₉Sn⁺ + Water = (C₃H₉Sn⁺ • Water )

By formula: C₃H₉Sn⁺ + H₂O = (C₃H₉Sn⁺ • H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	25.7	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Stone and Splinter, 1984	gas phase; switching reaction((CH3)3Sn+)CH3OH; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	27.6	cal/mol*K	N/A	Stone and Splinter, 1984	gas phase; switching reaction((CH3)3Sn+)CH3OH; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
11.2	525.	PHPMS	Stone and Splinter, 1984	gas phase; switching reaction((CH3)3Sn+)CH3OH; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

(C₃H₁₀N⁺ • 2) + Water = (C₃H₁₀N⁺ • Water • 2)

By formula: (C₃H₁₀N⁺ • 2C₃H₉N) + H₂O = (C₃H₁₀N⁺ • H₂O • 2C₃H₉N)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	8.9	kcal/mol	PHPMS	El-Shall, Daly, et al., 1992	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	24.3	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	El-Shall, Daly, et al., 1992	gas phase; M

C₃H₁₀N⁺ + Water = (C₃H₁₀N⁺ • Water )

By formula: C₃H₁₀N⁺ + H₂O = (C₃H₁₀N⁺ • H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	14.5	kcal/mol	PHPMS	El-Shall, Daly, et al., 1992	gas phase; M
Δ_rH°	14.5	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984	gas phase; M
Δ_rH°	14.5	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner M. and Sieck, 1983	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	24.4	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	El-Shall, Daly, et al., 1992	gas phase; M
Δ_rS°	24.1	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984	gas phase; M
Δ_rS°	24.1	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner M. and Sieck, 1983	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	7.6	kcal/mol	HPMS	Banic and Iribarne, 1985	gas phase; electric fields; M

(C₃H₁₀N⁺ • Water • ) + Water = (C₃H₁₀N⁺ • 2 Water • )

By formula: (C₃H₁₀N⁺ • H₂O • C₃H₉N) + H₂O = (C₃H₁₀N⁺ • 2H₂O • C₃H₉N)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	8.1	kcal/mol	PHPMS	El-Shall, Daly, et al., 1992	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	25.	cal/mol*K	N/A	El-Shall, Daly, et al., 1992	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
2.5	225.	PHPMS	El-Shall, Daly, et al., 1992	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

(C₃H₁₀N⁺ • Water ) + Water = (C₃H₁₀N⁺ • 2 Water )

By formula: (C₃H₁₀N⁺ • H₂O) + H₂O = (C₃H₁₀N⁺ • 2H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	11.4	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	24.8	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	4.3	kcal/mol	HPMS	Banic and Iribarne, 1985	gas phase; electric fields; M

(C₃H₁₀N⁺ • 2 Water ) + Water = (C₃H₁₀N⁺ • 3 Water )

By formula: (C₃H₁₀N⁺ • 2H₂O) + H₂O = (C₃H₁₀N⁺ • 3H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	10.0	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	24.9	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	3.4	kcal/mol	HPMS	Banic and Iribarne, 1985	gas phase; electric fields; M

(C₃H₁₀N⁺ • 3 Water ) + Water = (C₃H₁₀N⁺ • 4 Water )

By formula: (C₃H₁₀N⁺ • 3H₂O) + H₂O = (C₃H₁₀N⁺ • 4H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	8.4	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated, attributed to MeNH3+.4H2O by error in footnote; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	21.6	cal/mol*K	N/A	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated, attributed to MeNH3+.4H2O by error in footnote; M

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
3.0	254.	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated, attributed to MeNH3+.4H2O by error in footnote; M

C₃H₁₀N⁺ + Water = (C₃H₁₀N⁺ • Water )

By formula: C₃H₁₀N⁺ + H₂O = (C₃H₁₀N⁺ • H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	15.6	kcal/mol	ES/HPMS	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1996	gas phase; M
Δ_rH°	15.1	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	22.8	cal/mol*K	ES/HPMS	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1996	gas phase; M
Δ_rS°	21.5	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	8.8	kcal/mol	ES/HPMS	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1996	gas phase; M

(C₃H₁₀N⁺ • Water ) + Water = (C₃H₁₀N⁺ • 2 Water )

By formula: (C₃H₁₀N⁺ • H₂O) + H₂O = (C₃H₁₀N⁺ • 2H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	11.6	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	21.3	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984	gas phase; M

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
6.4	293.	ES/HPMS	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; M

(C₃H₁₀N⁺ • 2 Water ) + Water = (C₃H₁₀N⁺ • 3 Water )

By formula: (C₃H₁₀N⁺ • 2H₂O) + H₂O = (C₃H₁₀N⁺ • 3H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	10.3	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	23.1	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984	gas phase; M

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
4.6	293.	ES/HPMS	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; M

(C₃H₁₀N⁺ • 3 Water ) + Water = (C₃H₁₀N⁺ • 4 Water )

By formula: (C₃H₁₀N⁺ • 3H₂O) + H₂O = (C₃H₁₀N⁺ • 4H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	9.9	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	24.9	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984	gas phase; M

C₃H₁₁N₂⁺ + Water = (C₃H₁₁N₂⁺ • Water )

By formula: C₃H₁₁N₂⁺ + H₂O = (C₃H₁₁N₂⁺ • H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
6.2	293.	ES/HPMS	Klassen, Blades, et al., 1995	gas phase; M

C₃H₁₁O₃^- + Water + 2 = C₃H₁₃O₄^-

By formula: C₃H₁₁O₃^- + H₂O + 2CH₄O = C₃H₁₃O₄^-

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	13.8 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Meot-Ner(Mautner), 1986	gas phase; B
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	6.40 ± 0.50	kcal/mol	TDAs	Meot-Ner(Mautner), 1986	gas phase; B

C₄H₃O₄^- + Water = (C₄H₃O₄^- • Water )

By formula: C₄H₃O₄^- + H₂O = (C₄H₃O₄^- • H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	5.0	kcal/mol	ES/HPMS	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; M

C₄H₃O₄^- + Water = (C₄H₃O₄^- • Water )

By formula: C₄H₃O₄^- + H₂O = (C₄H₃O₄^- • H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	7.3	kcal/mol	ES/HPMS	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; M

+ Water = ( • Water )

By formula: C₄H₄N^- + H₂O = (C₄H₄N^- • H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	15.7 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Meot-ner, 1988	gas phase; B,M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	23.1	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-ner, 1988	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	8.8 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Meot-ner, 1988	gas phase; B

( • Water ) + Water = ( • 2 Water )

By formula: (C₄H₄N^- • H₂O) + H₂O = (C₄H₄N^- • 2H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	12.1	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-ner, 1988	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	23.2	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-ner, 1988	gas phase; M

C₄H₄O⁺ + Water = (C₄H₄O⁺ • Water )

By formula: C₄H₄O⁺ + H₂O = (C₄H₄O⁺ • H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	9.8	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Hiraoka, Takimoto, et al., 1987	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	17.8	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Hiraoka, Takimoto, et al., 1987	gas phase; M

C₄H₄S⁺ + Water = (C₄H₄S⁺ • Water )

By formula: C₄H₄S⁺ + H₂O = (C₄H₄S⁺ • H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	9.5	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Hiraoka, Takimoto, et al., 1987	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	17.7	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Hiraoka, Takimoto, et al., 1987	gas phase; M

C₄H₅N⁺ + Water = (C₄H₅N⁺ • Water )

By formula: C₄H₅N⁺ + H₂O = (C₄H₅N⁺ • H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	11.7	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Hiraoka, Takimoto, et al., 1987	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	15.5	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Hiraoka, Takimoto, et al., 1987	gas phase; M

(C₄H₅N⁺ • Water ) + Water = (C₄H₅N⁺ • 2 Water )

By formula: (C₄H₅N⁺ • H₂O) + H₂O = (C₄H₅N⁺ • 2H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	8.6	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Hiraoka, Takimoto, et al., 1987	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	15.	cal/mol*K	N/A	Hiraoka, Takimoto, et al., 1987	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

C₄H₅O⁺ + Water = (C₄H₅O⁺ • Water )

By formula: C₄H₅O⁺ + H₂O = (C₄H₅O⁺ • H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	10.4	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Nicol, Sunner, et al., 1988	gas phase; M
Δ_rH°	10.2	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Hiraoka, Takimoto, et al., 1987	gas phase; M
Δ_rH°	16.	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), Ross, et al., 1985	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated, Δ_rH<; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	20.	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Nicol, Sunner, et al., 1988	gas phase; M
Δ_rS°	19.7	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Hiraoka, Takimoto, et al., 1987	gas phase; M
Δ_rS°	32.	cal/mol*K	N/A	Meot-Ner (Mautner), Ross, et al., 1985	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated, Δ_rH<; M

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
4.2	382.	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), Ross, et al., 1985	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated, Δ_rH<; M

C₄H₅O₄^- + Water = (C₄H₅O₄^- • Water )

By formula: C₄H₅O₄^- + H₂O = (C₄H₅O₄^- • H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	5.4	kcal/mol	ES/HPMS	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; M

(C₄H₅O₄^- • Water ) + Water = (C₄H₅O₄^- • 2 Water )

By formula: (C₄H₅O₄^- • H₂O) + H₂O = (C₄H₅O₄^- • 2H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	4.0	kcal/mol	ES/HPMS	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; M

C₄H₅O₅^- + 2 Water = C₄H₇O₆^-

By formula: C₄H₅O₅^- + 2H₂O = C₄H₇O₆^-

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	5.20 ± 0.30	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; B

C₄H₅S⁺ + Water = (C₄H₅S⁺ • Water )

By formula: C₄H₅S⁺ + H₂O = (C₄H₅S⁺ • H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	10.0	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Nicol, Sunner, et al., 1988	gas phase; M
Δ_rH°	10.2	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Hiraoka, Takimoto, et al., 1987	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	20.6	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Nicol, Sunner, et al., 1988	gas phase; M
Δ_rS°	19.9	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Hiraoka, Takimoto, et al., 1987	gas phase; M

C₄H₆N⁺ + Water = (C₄H₆N⁺ • Water )

By formula: C₄H₆N⁺ + H₂O = (C₄H₆N⁺ • H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	14.0	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Nicol, Sunner, et al., 1988	gas phase; M
Δ_rH°	13.8	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Hiraoka, Takimoto, et al., 1987	gas phase; M
Δ_rH°	16.	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), Ross, et al., 1985	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated, Δ_rH<; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	23.3	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Nicol, Sunner, et al., 1988	gas phase; M
Δ_rS°	22.0	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Hiraoka, Takimoto, et al., 1987	gas phase; M
Δ_rS°	32.	cal/mol*K	N/A	Meot-Ner (Mautner), Ross, et al., 1985	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated, Δ_rH<; M

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
4.9	344.	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), Ross, et al., 1985	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated, Δ_rH<; M

(C₄H₆N⁺ • Water ) + Water = (C₄H₆N⁺ • 2 Water )

By formula: (C₄H₆N⁺ • H₂O) + H₂O = (C₄H₆N⁺ • 2H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	10.4	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Nicol, Sunner, et al., 1988	gas phase; M
Δ_rH°	10.9	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Hiraoka, Takimoto, et al., 1987	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	22.6	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Nicol, Sunner, et al., 1988	gas phase; M
Δ_rS°	23.7	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Hiraoka, Takimoto, et al., 1987	gas phase; M

C₄H₇N₂O₃^- + Water = C₄H₉N₂O₄^-

By formula: C₄H₇N₂O₃^- + H₂O = C₄H₉N₂O₄^-

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	12.30 ± 0.50	kcal/mol	N/A	Wincel, 2008	gas phase; B
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	4.4 ± 1.1	kcal/mol	TDAs	Wincel, 2008	gas phase; B

C₄H₇O₂^- + Water = C₄H₉O₃^-

By formula: C₄H₇O₂^- + H₂O = C₄H₉O₃^-

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	8.60 ± 0.20	kcal/mol	IMRE	Viidanoja, Reiner, et al., 2000	gas phase; B

+ Water = ( • Water )

By formula: C₄H₇O₂^- + H₂O = (C₄H₇O₂^- • H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	15.7 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	N/A	Meot-Ner and Sieck, 1986	gas phase; B,M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	23.	cal/mol*K	N/A	Meot-Ner and Sieck, 1986	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	8.8 ± 1.6	kcal/mol	IMRE	Meot-Ner and Sieck, 1986	gas phase; B

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
3.9	514.	PHPMS	Meot-Ner and Sieck, 1986	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

C₄H₇O₄^- + Water + 2 Water = C₄H₉O₅^-

By formula: C₄H₇O₄^- + H₂O + 2H₂O = C₄H₉O₅^-

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	11.80 ± 0.70	kcal/mol	N/A	Meot-ner, Elmore, et al., 1999	gas phase; B
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	5.18	kcal/mol	TDAs	Meot-ner, Elmore, et al., 1999	gas phase; B

C₄H₇O₅^- + 2 Water = C₄H₉O₆^-

By formula: C₄H₇O₅^- + 2H₂O = C₄H₉O₆^-

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	4.00 ± 0.30	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; B

C₄H₈N⁺ + Water = (C₄H₈N⁺ • Water )

By formula: C₄H₈N⁺ + H₂O = (C₄H₈N⁺ • H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	19.2	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Speller and Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1985	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	20.8	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Speller and Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1985	gas phase; M

C₄H₈N⁺ + Water = (C₄H₈N⁺ • Water )

By formula: C₄H₈N⁺ + H₂O = (C₄H₈N⁺ • H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	23.9	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Speller and Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1985	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	31.3	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Speller and Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1985	gas phase; M

C₄H₈S⁺ + Water = (C₄H₈S⁺ • Water )

By formula: C₄H₈S⁺ + H₂O = (C₄H₈S⁺ • H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	10.	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Hiraoka, Takimoto, et al., 1987	gas phase; Δ_rH<; M

C₄H₉⁺ + Water = (C₄H₉⁺ • Water )

By formula: C₄H₉⁺ + H₂O = (C₄H₉⁺ • H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	11.2	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Hiraoka and Kebarle, 1977, 2	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	22.	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Hiraoka and Kebarle, 1977, 2	gas phase; M

(C₄H₉⁺ • 2 Water ) + Water = (C₄H₉⁺ • 3 Water )

By formula: (C₄H₉⁺ • 2H₂O) + H₂O = (C₄H₉⁺ • 3H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	17.7	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Hiraoka and Kebarle, 1977, 2	gas phase; may form ((CH3)3COH2+) 2H2O; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	29.	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Hiraoka and Kebarle, 1977, 2	gas phase; may form ((CH3)3COH2+) 2H2O; M

(C₄H₉⁺ • 3 Water ) + Water = (C₄H₉⁺ • 4 Water )

By formula: (C₄H₉⁺ • 3H₂O) + H₂O = (C₄H₉⁺ • 4H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	14.	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Hiraoka and Kebarle, 1977, 3	gas phase; may form ((CH3)3COH2+) 3H2O; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	28.7	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Hiraoka and Kebarle, 1977, 3	gas phase; may form ((CH3)3COH2+) 3H2O; M

C₄H₉O⁺ + Water = (C₄H₉O⁺ • Water )

By formula: C₄H₉O⁺ + H₂O = (C₄H₉O⁺ • H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	19.8	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Hiraoka, Takimoto, et al., 1987	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	25.1	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Hiraoka, Takimoto, et al., 1987	gas phase; M

(C₄H₉O⁺ • Water ) + Water = (C₄H₉O⁺ • 2 Water )

By formula: (C₄H₉O⁺ • H₂O) + H₂O = (C₄H₉O⁺ • 2H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	13.1	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Hiraoka, Takimoto, et al., 1987	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	24.0	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Hiraoka, Takimoto, et al., 1987	gas phase; M

C₄H₉O^- + Water = (C₄H₉O^- • Water )

By formula: C₄H₉O^- + H₂O = (C₄H₉O^- • H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	23.4 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	IMRE	Meot-Ner and Sieck, 1986	gas phase; B,M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	28.	cal/mol*K	N/A	Meot-Ner and Sieck, 1986	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	15.0 ± 1.9	kcal/mol	IMRE	Meot-Ner and Sieck, 1986	gas phase; B

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
9.3	505.	PHPMS	Meot-Ner and Sieck, 1986	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

C₄H₉O₃^- + 3 Water = C₄H₁₁O₄^-

By formula: C₄H₉O₃^- + 3H₂O = C₄H₁₁O₄^-

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	6.60 ± 0.20	kcal/mol	IMRE	Viidanoja, Reiner, et al., 2000	gas phase; B

C₄H₉O₅^- + Water + 3 Water = C₄H₁₁O₆^-

By formula: C₄H₉O₅^- + H₂O + 3H₂O = C₄H₁₁O₆^-

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	11.10 ± 0.60	kcal/mol	N/A	Meot-ner, Elmore, et al., 1999	gas phase; B
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	3.91	kcal/mol	TDAs	Meot-ner, Elmore, et al., 1999	gas phase; B

C₄H₉S⁺ + Water = (C₄H₉S⁺ • Water )

By formula: C₄H₉S⁺ + H₂O = (C₄H₉S⁺ • H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	11.5	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Hiraoka, Takimoto, et al., 1987	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	19.5	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Hiraoka, Takimoto, et al., 1987	gas phase; M

(C₄H₉S⁺ • Water ) + Water = (C₄H₉S⁺ • 2 Water )

By formula: (C₄H₉S⁺ • H₂O) + H₂O = (C₄H₉S⁺ • 2H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	10.4	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Hiraoka, Takimoto, et al., 1987	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	21.0	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Hiraoka, Takimoto, et al., 1987	gas phase; M

C₄H₁₀N⁺ + Water = (C₄H₁₀N⁺ • Water )

By formula: C₄H₁₀N⁺ + H₂O = (C₄H₁₀N⁺ • H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	13.7	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Hiraoka, Takimoto, et al., 1987	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	21.1	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Hiraoka, Takimoto, et al., 1987	gas phase; M

(C₄H₁₀N⁺ • Water ) + Water = (C₄H₁₀N⁺ • 2 Water )

By formula: (C₄H₁₀N⁺ • H₂O) + H₂O = (C₄H₁₀N⁺ • 2H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	13.0	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Hiraoka, Takimoto, et al., 1987	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	25.9	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Hiraoka, Takimoto, et al., 1987	gas phase; M

C₄H₁₀NO⁺ + Water = (C₄H₁₀NO⁺ • Water )

By formula: C₄H₁₀NO⁺ + H₂O = (C₄H₁₀NO⁺ • H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	16.5	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984	gas phase; M
Δ_rH°	16.5	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner, 1984	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	26.3	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984	gas phase; M
Δ_rS°	26.3	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner, 1984	gas phase; M

(C₄H₁₀NO⁺ • Water ) + Water = (C₄H₁₀NO⁺ • 2 Water )

By formula: (C₄H₁₀NO⁺ • H₂O) + H₂O = (C₄H₁₀NO⁺ • 2H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	12.3	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984	gas phase; M
Δ_rH°	12.3	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner, 1984	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	26.4	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984	gas phase; M
Δ_rS°	26.4	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner, 1984	gas phase; M

(C₄H₁₀NO⁺ • 2 Water ) + Water = (C₄H₁₀NO⁺ • 3 Water )

By formula: (C₄H₁₀NO⁺ • 2H₂O) + H₂O = (C₄H₁₀NO⁺ • 3H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	9.3	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner, 1984	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	19.2	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner, 1984	gas phase; M

(C₄H₁₀NO⁺ • 3 Water ) + Water = (C₄H₁₀NO⁺ • 4 Water )

By formula: (C₄H₁₀NO⁺ • 3H₂O) + H₂O = (C₄H₁₀NO⁺ • 4H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	9.2	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	21.6	cal/mol*K	N/A	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
3.4	268.	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

(C₄H₁₁O₂⁺ • ) + Water = (C₄H₁₁O₂⁺ • Water • )

By formula: (C₄H₁₁O₂⁺ • C₄H₁₀O₂) + H₂O = (C₄H₁₁O₂⁺ • H₂O • C₄H₁₀O₂)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	13.7	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), Sieck, et al., 1994	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	27.4	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), Sieck, et al., 1994	gas phase; M

C₄H₁₁O₂⁺ + Water = (C₄H₁₁O₂⁺ • Water )

By formula: C₄H₁₁O₂⁺ + H₂O = (C₄H₁₁O₂⁺ • H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	16.4	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), Sieck, et al., 1994	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	24.5	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), Sieck, et al., 1994	gas phase; M

(C₄H₁₁O₂⁺ • Water • ) + Water = (C₄H₁₁O₂⁺ • 2 Water • )

By formula: (C₄H₁₁O₂⁺ • H₂O • C₄H₁₀O₂) + H₂O = (C₄H₁₁O₂⁺ • 2H₂O • C₄H₁₀O₂)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	10.4	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), Sieck, et al., 1994	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	24.9	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), Sieck, et al., 1994	gas phase; M

(C₄H₁₁O₂⁺ • Water • 2) + Water = (C₄H₁₁O₂⁺ • 2 Water • 2)

By formula: (C₄H₁₁O₂⁺ • H₂O • 2C₄H₁₀O₂) + H₂O = (C₄H₁₁O₂⁺ • 2H₂O • 2C₄H₁₀O₂)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	9.8	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), Sieck, et al., 1994	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	24.4	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), Sieck, et al., 1994	gas phase; M

(C₄H₁₁O₂⁺ • 2 Water • ) + Water = (C₄H₁₁O₂⁺ • 3 Water • )

By formula: (C₄H₁₁O₂⁺ • 2H₂O • C₄H₁₀O₂) + H₂O = (C₄H₁₁O₂⁺ • 3H₂O • C₄H₁₀O₂)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	10.2	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), Sieck, et al., 1994	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	24.8	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), Sieck, et al., 1994	gas phase; M

(C₄H₁₁O₂⁺ • 2 Water • 2) + Water = (C₄H₁₁O₂⁺ • 3 Water • 2)

By formula: (C₄H₁₁O₂⁺ • 2H₂O • 2C₄H₁₀O₂) + H₂O = (C₄H₁₁O₂⁺ • 3H₂O • 2C₄H₁₀O₂)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	9.2	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), Sieck, et al., 1994	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	25.0	cal/mol*K	N/A	Meot-Ner (Mautner), Sieck, et al., 1994	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
3.5	225.	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), Sieck, et al., 1994	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

(C₄H₁₁O₂⁺ • 3 Water • ) + Water = (C₄H₁₁O₂⁺ • 4 Water • )

By formula: (C₄H₁₁O₂⁺ • 3H₂O • C₄H₁₀O₂) + H₂O = (C₄H₁₁O₂⁺ • 4H₂O • C₄H₁₀O₂)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	9.5	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), Sieck, et al., 1994	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	25.0	cal/mol*K	N/A	Meot-Ner (Mautner), Sieck, et al., 1994	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
3.9	225.	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), Sieck, et al., 1994	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

(C₄H₁₁O₂⁺ • Water ) + Water = (C₄H₁₁O₂⁺ • 2 Water )

By formula: (C₄H₁₁O₂⁺ • H₂O) + H₂O = (C₄H₁₁O₂⁺ • 2H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	15.7	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), Sieck, et al., 1994	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	28.6	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), Sieck, et al., 1994	gas phase; M

(C₄H₁₁O₂⁺ • 2 Water ) + Water = (C₄H₁₁O₂⁺ • 3 Water )

By formula: (C₄H₁₁O₂⁺ • 2H₂O) + H₂O = (C₄H₁₁O₂⁺ • 3H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	11.3	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), Sieck, et al., 1994	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	22.5	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), Sieck, et al., 1994	gas phase; M

(C₄H₁₁O₂⁺ • 3 Water ) + Water = (C₄H₁₁O₂⁺ • 4 Water )

By formula: (C₄H₁₁O₂⁺ • 3H₂O) + H₂O = (C₄H₁₁O₂⁺ • 4H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	10.8	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), Sieck, et al., 1994	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	24.0	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), Sieck, et al., 1994	gas phase; M

(C₄H₁₁O₂⁺ • 4 Water ) + Water = (C₄H₁₁O₂⁺ • 5 Water )

By formula: (C₄H₁₁O₂⁺ • 4H₂O) + H₂O = (C₄H₁₁O₂⁺ • 5H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	10.2	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), Sieck, et al., 1994	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	25.2	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), Sieck, et al., 1994	gas phase; M

C₄H₁₁O₄^- + 3 Water = C₄H₁₃O₅^-

By formula: C₄H₁₁O₄^- + 3H₂O = C₄H₁₃O₅^-

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	5.10 ± 0.20	kcal/mol	IMRE	Viidanoja, Reiner, et al., 2000	gas phase; B

C₄H₁₁O₆^- + Water + 3 Water = C₄H₁₃O₇^-

By formula: C₄H₁₁O₆^- + H₂O + 3H₂O = C₄H₁₃O₇^-

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	11.0 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	N/A	Meot-ner, Elmore, et al., 1999	gas phase; B
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	4.44	kcal/mol	TDAs	Meot-ner, Elmore, et al., 1999	gas phase; B

C₄H₁₃N₂⁺ + Water = (C₄H₁₃N₂⁺ • Water )

By formula: C₄H₁₃N₂⁺ + H₂O = (C₄H₁₃N₂⁺ • H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
5.3	293.	ES/HPMS	Klassen, Blades, et al., 1995	gas phase; M

+ Water = ( • Water )

By formula: C₅H₅^- + H₂O = (C₅H₅^- • H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	11.0 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Meot-ner, 1988	gas phase; B,M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	16.1	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-ner, 1988	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	6.2 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Meot-ner, 1988	gas phase; B

( • Water ) + Water = ( • 2 Water )

By formula: (C₅H₅^- • H₂O) + H₂O = (C₅H₅^- • 2H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	10.0	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-ner, 1988	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	17.4	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-ner, 1988	gas phase; M

C₅H₅ClN⁺ + Water = (C₅H₅ClN⁺ • Water )

By formula: C₅H₅ClN⁺ + H₂O = (C₅H₅ClN⁺ • H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
4.9	400.	PHPMS	Davidson, Sunner J., et al., 1979	gas phase; M

C₅H₅N₂O₂⁺ + Water = (C₅H₅N₂O₂⁺ • Water )

By formula: C₅H₅N₂O₂⁺ + H₂O = (C₅H₅N₂O₂⁺ • H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
5.9	400.	PHPMS	Davidson, Sunner J., et al., 1979	gas phase; M

C₅H₆N⁺ + Water = (C₅H₆N⁺ • Water )

By formula: C₅H₆N⁺ + H₂O = (C₅H₆N⁺ • H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	16.1	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner M. and Sieck, 1983	gas phase; M
Δ_rH°	15.0	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Davidson, Sunner J., et al., 1979	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	27.0	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner M. and Sieck, 1983	gas phase; M
Δ_rS°	25.5	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Davidson, Sunner J., et al., 1979	gas phase; M

(C₅H₆N⁺ • Water ) + Water = (C₅H₆N⁺ • 2 Water )

By formula: (C₅H₆N⁺ • H₂O) + H₂O = (C₅H₆N⁺ • 2H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	9.6	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Davidson, Sunner J., et al., 1979	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	19.6	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Davidson, Sunner J., et al., 1979	gas phase; M

(C₅H₆N⁺ • 2 Water ) + Water = (C₅H₆N⁺ • 3 Water )

By formula: (C₅H₆N⁺ • 2H₂O) + H₂O = (C₅H₆N⁺ • 3H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	8.3	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Davidson, Sunner J., et al., 1979	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	19.6	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Davidson, Sunner J., et al., 1979	gas phase; M

C₅H₆O₄^-2 + Water = (C₅H₆O₄^-2 • Water )

By formula: C₅H₆O₄^-2 + H₂O = (C₅H₆O₄^-2 • H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	8.1 ± 4.2	kcal/mol	N/A	Ding, Wang, et al., 1998	gas phase; Affinity is EA difference from next lower solvated ion.; B

(C₅H₆O₄^-2 • Water ) + Water = (C₅H₆O₄^-2 • 2 Water )

By formula: (C₅H₆O₄^-2 • H₂O) + H₂O = (C₅H₆O₄^-2 • 2H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	12.7 ± 4.2	kcal/mol	N/A	Ding, Wang, et al., 1998	gas phase; Affinity is EA difference from next lower solvated ion.; B

C₅H₇O₄^- + Water = (C₅H₇O₄^- • Water )

By formula: C₅H₇O₄^- + H₂O = (C₅H₇O₄^- • H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	8.4	kcal/mol	ES/HPMS	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; M

(C₅H₇O₄^- • Water ) + Water = (C₅H₇O₄^- • 2 Water )

By formula: (C₅H₇O₄^- • H₂O) + H₂O = (C₅H₇O₄^- • 2H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	6.1	kcal/mol	ES/HPMS	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; M

(C₅H₇O₄^- • Water ) + Water = (C₅H₇O₄^- • 2 Water )

By formula: (C₅H₇O₄^- • H₂O) + H₂O = (C₅H₇O₄^- • 2H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	4.2	kcal/mol	ES/HPMS	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; M

C₅H₇O₄^-2 + Water = C₅H₉O₅^-

By formula: C₅H₇O₄^-2 + H₂O = C₅H₉O₅^-

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	5.50 ± 0.30	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; B

C₅H₈NO₂^- + Water = C₅H₁₀NO₃^-

By formula: C₅H₈NO₂^- + H₂O = C₅H₁₀NO₃^-

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	15.40 ± 0.50	kcal/mol	N/A	Wincel, 2008	gas phase; B
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	7.60 ± 0.90	kcal/mol	TDAs	Wincel, 2008	gas phase; B

C₅H₉N₂O₃^- + Water = C₅H₁₁N₂O₄^-

By formula: C₅H₉N₂O₃^- + H₂O = C₅H₁₁N₂O₄^-

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	14.40 ± 0.40	kcal/mol	N/A	Wincel, 2008	gas phase; B
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	5.40 ± 0.80	kcal/mol	TDAs	Wincel, 2008	gas phase; B

C₅H₉O⁺ + Water = (C₅H₉O⁺ • Water )

By formula: C₅H₉O⁺ + H₂O = (C₅H₉O⁺ • H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	18.2	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	26.8	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984	gas phase; M

(C₅H₉O⁺ • Water ) + Water = (C₅H₉O⁺ • 2 Water )

By formula: (C₅H₉O⁺ • H₂O) + H₂O = (C₅H₉O⁺ • 2H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	11.8	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	20.8	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984	gas phase; M

(C₅H₉O⁺ • 2 Water ) + Water = (C₅H₉O⁺ • 3 Water )

By formula: (C₅H₉O⁺ • 2H₂O) + H₂O = (C₅H₉O⁺ • 3H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	10.2	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	19.3	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984	gas phase; M

(C₅H₉O⁺ • 3 Water ) + Water = (C₅H₉O⁺ • 4 Water )

By formula: (C₅H₉O⁺ • 3H₂O) + H₂O = (C₅H₉O⁺ • 4H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	10.0	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	21.1	cal/mol*K	N/A	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
4.0	284.	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

(C₅H₉O⁺ • 4 Water ) + Water = (C₅H₉O⁺ • 5 Water )

By formula: (C₅H₉O⁺ • 4H₂O) + H₂O = (C₅H₉O⁺ • 5H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	9.7	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	21.8	cal/mol*K	N/A	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
3.5	281.	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

C₅H₉O₅^- + 2 Water = C₅H₁₁O₆^-

By formula: C₅H₉O₅^- + 2H₂O = C₅H₁₁O₆^-

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	6.10 ± 0.30	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; B

C₅H₉O₅^- + 2 Water = C₅H₁₁O₆^-

By formula: C₅H₉O₅^- + 2H₂O = C₅H₁₁O₆^-

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	4.20 ± 0.30	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; B

C₅H₁₀NO₂⁺ + Water = (C₅H₁₀NO₂⁺ • Water )

By formula: C₅H₁₀NO₂⁺ + H₂O = (C₅H₁₀NO₂⁺ • H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	18.9	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner and Field, 1974	gas phase; Entropy change is questionable; M
Δ_rH°	18.9	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner and Field, 1974	gas phase; Entropy change is questionable; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	36.8	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner and Field, 1974	gas phase; Entropy change is questionable; M
Δ_rS°	36.8	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner and Field, 1974	gas phase; Entropy change is questionable; M

C₅H₁₀NO₂^- + Water = C₅H₁₂NO₃^-

By formula: C₅H₁₀NO₂^- + H₂O = C₅H₁₂NO₃^-

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	14.30 ± 0.40	kcal/mol	N/A	Wincel, 2008	gas phase; B
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	7.20 ± 0.70	kcal/mol	TDAs	Wincel, 2008	gas phase; B

+ Water = C₅H₁₂NO₃S^-

By formula: C₅H₁₀NO₂S^- + H₂O = C₅H₁₂NO₃S^-

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	14.50 ± 0.50	kcal/mol	N/A	Wincel, 2008	gas phase; B
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	7.10 ± 0.80	kcal/mol	TDAs	Wincel, 2008	gas phase; B

C₅H₁₁O⁺ + Water = (C₅H₁₁O⁺ • Water )

By formula: C₅H₁₁O⁺ + H₂O = (C₅H₁₁O⁺ • H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	18.5	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Hiraoka, Takimoto, et al., 1987	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	24.8	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Hiraoka, Takimoto, et al., 1987	gas phase; M

(C₅H₁₁O⁺ • Water ) + Water = (C₅H₁₁O⁺ • 2 Water )

By formula: (C₅H₁₁O⁺ • H₂O) + H₂O = (C₅H₁₁O⁺ • 2H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	13.1	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Hiraoka, Takimoto, et al., 1987	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	24.0	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Hiraoka, Takimoto, et al., 1987	gas phase; M

C₅H₁₂NO₂⁺ + Water = (C₅H₁₂NO₂⁺ • Water )

By formula: C₅H₁₂NO₂⁺ + H₂O = (C₅H₁₂NO₂⁺ • H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	19.3	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner and Field, 1974	gas phase; Entropy change is questionable; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	36.3	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner and Field, 1974	gas phase; Entropy change is questionable; M

C₅H₁₅N₂⁺ + Water = (C₅H₁₅N₂⁺ • Water )

By formula: C₅H₁₅N₂⁺ + H₂O = (C₅H₁₅N₂⁺ • H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
5.5	293.	ES/HPMS	Klassen, Blades, et al., 1995	gas phase; M

C₅H₁₆N₂⁺² + Water = (C₅H₁₆N₂⁺² • Water )

By formula: C₅H₁₆N₂⁺² + H₂O = (C₅H₁₆N₂⁺² • H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	18.6	kcal/mol	ES/HPMS	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1996	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	21.5	cal/mol*K	N/A	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1996	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	12.2	kcal/mol	ES/HPMS	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1996	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

(C₅H₁₆N₂⁺² • Water ) + Water = (C₅H₁₆N₂⁺² • 2 Water )

By formula: (C₅H₁₆N₂⁺² • H₂O) + H₂O = (C₅H₁₆N₂⁺² • 2H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	18.4	kcal/mol	ES/HPMS	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1996	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	23.9	cal/mol*K	N/A	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1996	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	11.3	kcal/mol	ES/HPMS	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1996	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

C₆F₆^- + Water = C₆H₂F₆O^-

By formula: C₆F₆^- + H₂O = C₆H₂F₆O^-

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	5.30	kcal/mol	N/A	Eustis, Wang, et al., 2007	gas phase; Vertical Detachment Energy: 1.78±0.02 eV. EA is not adiabatic, just threshhold; B

C₆H₂F₆O^- + 2 Water = C₆H₄F₆O₂^-

By formula: C₆H₂F₆O^- + 2H₂O = C₆H₄F₆O₂^-

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	3.46	kcal/mol	N/A	Eustis, Wang, et al., 2007	gas phase; Vertical Detachment Energy: 1.93±0.03 eV. EA is not adiabatic, just threshhold; B

C₆H₅NO₂^- + Water = (C₆H₅NO₂^- • Water )

By formula: C₆H₅NO₂^- + H₂O = (C₆H₅NO₂^- • H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	13.50 ± 0.10	kcal/mol	TDAs	Sieck, 1985	gas phase; B,M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	21.9	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Sieck, 1985	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	7.00 ± 0.20	kcal/mol	TDAs	Sieck, 1985	gas phase; B

(C₆H₅NO₂^- • Water ) + Water = (C₆H₅NO₂^- • 2 Water )

By formula: (C₆H₅NO₂^- • H₂O) + H₂O = (C₆H₅NO₂^- • 2H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	12.40 ± 0.10	kcal/mol	TDAs	Sieck, 1985	gas phase; B,M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	24.7	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Sieck, 1985	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	5.00 ± 0.40	kcal/mol	TDAs	Sieck, 1985	gas phase; B

C₆H₅N₂⁺ + Water = (C₆H₅N₂⁺ • Water )

By formula: C₆H₅N₂⁺ + H₂O = (C₆H₅N₂⁺ • H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
6.0	400.	PHPMS	Davidson, Sunner J., et al., 1979	gas phase; M

C₆H₅N₂⁺ + Water = (C₆H₅N₂⁺ • Water )

By formula: C₆H₅N₂⁺ + H₂O = (C₆H₅N₂⁺ • H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	16.0	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Davidson, Sunner J., et al., 1979	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	25.7	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Davidson, Sunner J., et al., 1979	gas phase; M

(C₆H₅N₂⁺ • Water ) + Water = (C₆H₅N₂⁺ • 2 Water )

By formula: (C₆H₅N₂⁺ • H₂O) + H₂O = (C₆H₅N₂⁺ • 2H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	10.4	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Davidson, Sunner J., et al., 1979	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	20.2	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Davidson, Sunner J., et al., 1979	gas phase; M

(C₆H₅N₂⁺ • 2 Water ) + Water = (C₆H₅N₂⁺ • 3 Water )

By formula: (C₆H₅N₂⁺ • 2H₂O) + H₂O = (C₆H₅N₂⁺ • 3H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	8.9	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Davidson, Sunner J., et al., 1979	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	20.2	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Davidson, Sunner J., et al., 1979	gas phase; M

(C₆H₅N₂⁺ • 3 Water ) + Water = (C₆H₅N₂⁺ • 4 Water )

By formula: (C₆H₅N₂⁺ • 3H₂O) + H₂O = (C₆H₅N₂⁺ • 4H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	8.2	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Davidson, Sunner J., et al., 1979	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	19.7	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Davidson, Sunner J., et al., 1979	gas phase; M

+ Water = ( • Water )

By formula: C₆H₅O^- + H₂O = (C₆H₅O^- • H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	15.4	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner and Sieck, 1986	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	23.9	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner and Sieck, 1986	gas phase; M

+ Water = C₆H₇O₂^-

By formula: C₆H₅O^- + H₂O = C₆H₇O₂^-

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	15.4 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	N/A	Meot-Ner and Sieck, 1986	gas phase; B
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	8.2 ± 1.6	kcal/mol	TDAs	Meot-Ner and Sieck, 1986	gas phase; B

+ Water = ( • Water )

By formula: C₆H₅S^- + H₂O = (C₆H₅S^- • H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	11.4	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Sieck and Meot-ner, 1989	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	19.6	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Sieck and Meot-ner, 1989	gas phase; M

+ Water = C₆H₇OS^-

By formula: C₆H₅S^- + H₂O = C₆H₇OS^-

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	11.40 ± 0.20	kcal/mol	TDAs	Sieck and Meot-ner, 1989	gas phase; B
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	5.60 ± 0.70	kcal/mol	TDAs	Sieck and Meot-ner, 1989	gas phase; B

C₆H₆ClO⁺ + Water = (C₆H₆ClO⁺ • Water )

By formula: C₆H₆ClO⁺ + H₂O = (C₆H₆ClO⁺ • H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
2.9	436.	PHPMS	Martinsen and Buttrill, 1978	gas phase; M

C₆H₆ClO⁺ + Water = (C₆H₆ClO⁺ • Water )

By formula: C₆H₆ClO⁺ + H₂O = (C₆H₆ClO⁺ • H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
4.8	443.	PHPMS	Martinsen and Buttrill, 1978	gas phase; M

C₆H₆ClO⁺ + Water = (C₆H₆ClO⁺ • Water )

By formula: C₆H₆ClO⁺ + H₂O = (C₆H₆ClO⁺ • H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
6.2	453.	PHPMS	Martinsen and Buttrill, 1978	gas phase; M

C₆H₆NO₃⁺ + Water = (C₆H₆NO₃⁺ • Water )

By formula: C₆H₆NO₃⁺ + H₂O = (C₆H₆NO₃⁺ • H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
6.7	427.	PHPMS	Martinsen and Buttrill, 1978	gas phase; M

C₆H₆NO₃⁺ + Water = (C₆H₆NO₃⁺ • Water )

By formula: C₆H₆NO₃⁺ + H₂O = (C₆H₆NO₃⁺ • H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
8.1	427.	PHPMS	Martinsen and Buttrill, 1978	gas phase; M

C₆H₆NO₃⁺ + Water = (C₆H₆NO₃⁺ • Water )

By formula: C₆H₆NO₃⁺ + H₂O = (C₆H₆NO₃⁺ • H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
6.8	427.	PHPMS	Martinsen and Buttrill, 1978	gas phase; M

C₆H₇⁺ + Water = (C₆H₇⁺ • Water )

By formula: C₆H₇⁺ + H₂O = (C₆H₇⁺ • H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	17.	kcal/mol	ICR	Berman and Beauchamp, 1986	gas phase; switching reaction(H3O+)H2O, Δ_rH<; Cunningham, Payzant, et al., 1972, Lias, Liebman, et al., 1984; M

C₆H₇ClN⁺ + Water = (C₆H₇ClN⁺ • Water )

By formula: C₆H₇ClN⁺ + H₂O = (C₆H₇ClN⁺ • H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	14.8	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Lau, Nishizawa, et al., 1981	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	22.	cal/mol*K	N/A	Lau, Nishizawa, et al., 1981	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
5.3	433.	PHPMS	Lau, Nishizawa, et al., 1981	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

C₆H₇FN⁺ + Water = (C₆H₇FN⁺ • Water )

By formula: C₆H₇FN⁺ + H₂O = (C₆H₇FN⁺ • H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	14.8	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Lau, Nishizawa, et al., 1981	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	22.	cal/mol*K	N/A	Lau, Nishizawa, et al., 1981	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
5.3	433.	PHPMS	Lau, Nishizawa, et al., 1981	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

C₆H₇O₂⁺ + Water = (C₆H₇O₂⁺ • Water )

By formula: C₆H₇O₂⁺ + H₂O = (C₆H₇O₂⁺ • H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
2.9	454.	PHPMS	Martinsen and Buttrill, 1978	gas phase; M

C₆H₇O₂⁺ + Water = (C₆H₇O₂⁺ • Water )

By formula: C₆H₇O₂⁺ + H₂O = (C₆H₇O₂⁺ • H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
4.5	454.	PHPMS	Martinsen and Buttrill, 1978	gas phase; M

C₆H₇O₄S^- + 2 Water = C₆H₉O₅S^-

By formula: C₆H₇O₄S^- + 2H₂O = C₆H₉O₅S^-

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	11.4 ± 1.5	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; T: 293 K. ΔSaff approx. 24 cal/mol-K; B
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	4.40 ± 0.30	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; T: 293 K. ΔSaff approx. 24 cal/mol-K; B

C₆H₈N⁺ + Water = (C₆H₈N⁺ • Water )

By formula: C₆H₈N⁺ + H₂O = (C₆H₈N⁺ • H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	14.7	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Davidson, Sunner J., et al., 1979	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	26.6	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Davidson, Sunner J., et al., 1979	gas phase; M

C₆H₈N⁺ + Water = (C₆H₈N⁺ • Water )

By formula: C₆H₈N⁺ + H₂O = (C₆H₈N⁺ • H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	15.1	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Lau, Nishizawa, et al., 1981	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	22.	cal/mol*K	N/A	Lau, Nishizawa, et al., 1981	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
5.6	434.	PHPMS	Lau, Nishizawa, et al., 1981	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

C₆H₈NO⁺ + Water = (C₆H₈NO⁺ • Water )

By formula: C₆H₈NO⁺ + H₂O = (C₆H₈NO⁺ • H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
3.4	400.	PHPMS	Davidson, Sunner J., et al., 1979	gas phase; M

C₆H₈NO⁺ + Water = (C₆H₈NO⁺ • Water )

By formula: C₆H₈NO⁺ + H₂O = (C₆H₈NO⁺ • H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	12.5	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Lau, Nishizawa, et al., 1981	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	22.	cal/mol*K	N/A	Lau, Nishizawa, et al., 1981	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
3.0	433.	PHPMS	Lau, Nishizawa, et al., 1981	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

C₆H₈O₄^-2 + Water = (C₆H₈O₄^-2 • Water )

By formula: C₆H₈O₄^-2 + H₂O = (C₆H₈O₄^-2 • H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	7.1 ± 4.2	kcal/mol	N/A	Ding, Wang, et al., 1998	gas phase; Affinity is EA difference from next lower solvated ion.; B

(C₆H₈O₄^-2 • Water ) + Water = (C₆H₈O₄^-2 • 2 Water )

By formula: (C₆H₈O₄^-2 • H₂O) + H₂O = (C₆H₈O₄^-2 • 2H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	13.4 ± 4.2	kcal/mol	N/A	Ding, Wang, et al., 1998	gas phase; Affinity is EA difference from next lower solvated ion.; B

(C₆H₈O₄^-2 • 2 Water ) + Water = (C₆H₈O₄^-2 • 3 Water )

By formula: (C₆H₈O₄^-2 • 2H₂O) + H₂O = (C₆H₈O₄^-2 • 3H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	8.40 ± 0.30	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; B,M

(C₆H₈O₄^-2 • 3 Water ) + Water = (C₆H₈O₄^-2 • 4 Water )

By formula: (C₆H₈O₄^-2 • 3H₂O) + H₂O = (C₆H₈O₄^-2 • 4H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	7.50 ± 0.30	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; B,M

(C₆H₈O₄^-2 • 4 Water ) + Water = (C₆H₈O₄^-2 • 5 Water )

By formula: (C₆H₈O₄^-2 • 4H₂O) + H₂O = (C₆H₈O₄^-2 • 5H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	6.40 ± 0.30	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; B,M

(C₆H₈O₄^-2 • 5 Water ) + Water = (C₆H₈O₄^-2 • 6 Water )

By formula: (C₆H₈O₄^-2 • 5H₂O) + H₂O = (C₆H₈O₄^-2 • 6H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	5.80 ± 0.30	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; B,M

C₆H₉N₂⁺ + Water = (C₆H₉N₂⁺ • Water )

By formula: C₆H₉N₂⁺ + H₂O = (C₆H₉N₂⁺ • H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	14.7	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Lau, Nishizawa, et al., 1981	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	22.	cal/mol*K	N/A	Lau, Nishizawa, et al., 1981	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
5.2	433.	PHPMS	Lau, Nishizawa, et al., 1981	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

C₆H₉N₂⁺ + Water = (C₆H₉N₂⁺ • Water )

By formula: C₆H₉N₂⁺ + H₂O = (C₆H₉N₂⁺ • H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	9.9	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Lau, Nishizawa, et al., 1981	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated, ring protonated; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	22.	cal/mol*K	N/A	Lau, Nishizawa, et al., 1981	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated, ring protonated; M

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
0.4	433.	PHPMS	Lau, Nishizawa, et al., 1981	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated, ring protonated; M

C₆H₉N₂⁺ + Water = (C₆H₉N₂⁺ • Water )

By formula: C₆H₉N₂⁺ + H₂O = (C₆H₉N₂⁺ • H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	13.9	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Lau, Nishizawa, et al., 1981	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	22.	cal/mol*K	N/A	Lau, Nishizawa, et al., 1981	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
4.4	433.	PHPMS	Lau, Nishizawa, et al., 1981	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

C₆H₉O₄^- + Water = (C₆H₉O₄^- • Water )

By formula: C₆H₉O₄^- + H₂O = (C₆H₉O₄^- • H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	5.7	kcal/mol	ES/HPMS	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; M

(C₆H₉O₄^- • Water ) + Water = (C₆H₉O₄^- • 2 Water )

By formula: (C₆H₉O₄^- • H₂O) + H₂O = (C₆H₉O₄^- • 2H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	4.4	kcal/mol	ES/HPMS	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; M

C₆H₉O₄^-2 + Water = C₆H₁₁O₅^-

By formula: C₆H₉O₄^-2 + H₂O = C₆H₁₁O₅^-

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	5.70 ± 0.30	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; B

C₆H₁₁O₅^- + 2 Water = C₆H₁₃O₆^-

By formula: C₆H₁₁O₅^- + 2H₂O = C₆H₁₃O₆^-

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	4.40 ± 0.30	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; B

C₆H₁₁O₆^- + 2 Water + 2 Water = C₆H₁₃O₇^-

By formula: C₆H₁₁O₆^- + 2H₂O + 2H₂O = C₆H₁₃O₇^-

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	9.10 ± 0.40	kcal/mol	N/A	Meot-ner, Elmore, et al., 1999	gas phase; B
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	2.78	kcal/mol	TDAs	Meot-ner, Elmore, et al., 1999	gas phase; B

C₆H₁₂NO₃⁺ + Water = (C₆H₁₂NO₃⁺ • Water )

By formula: C₆H₁₂NO₃⁺ + H₂O = (C₆H₁₂NO₃⁺ • H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bonds with polydentate bonding in positive ions

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	13.0	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner, 1984	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	21.2	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner, 1984	gas phase; M

(C₆H₁₂NO₃⁺ • Water ) + Water = (C₆H₁₂NO₃⁺ • 2 Water )

By formula: (C₆H₁₂NO₃⁺ • H₂O) + H₂O = (C₆H₁₂NO₃⁺ • 2H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bonds with polydentate bonding in positive ions

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	12.4	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner, 1984	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	26.0	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner, 1984	gas phase; M

(C₆H₁₂NO₃⁺ • 2 Water ) + Water = (C₆H₁₂NO₃⁺ • 3 Water )

By formula: (C₆H₁₂NO₃⁺ • 2H₂O) + H₂O = (C₆H₁₂NO₃⁺ • 3H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bonds with polydentate bonding in positive ions

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	9.5	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner, 1984	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	21.5	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner, 1984	gas phase; M

C₆H₁₂N₃O₄⁺ + Water = (C₆H₁₂N₃O₄⁺ • Water )

By formula: C₆H₁₂N₃O₄⁺ + H₂O = (C₆H₁₂N₃O₄⁺ • H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
6.7	293.	ES/HPMS	Klassen, Blades, et al., 1995	gas phase; M

(C₆H₁₂N₃O₄⁺ • Water ) + Water = (C₆H₁₂N₃O₄⁺ • 2 Water )

By formula: (C₆H₁₂N₃O₄⁺ • H₂O) + H₂O = (C₆H₁₂N₃O₄⁺ • 2H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
5.8	293.	ES/HPMS	Klassen, Blades, et al., 1995	gas phase; M

C₆H₁₃N₂O₂^- + Water = C₆H₁₅N₂O₃^-

By formula: C₆H₁₃N₂O₂^- + H₂O = C₆H₁₅N₂O₃^-

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	14.50 ± 0.60	kcal/mol	N/A	Wincel, 2008	gas phase; B
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	7.2 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Wincel, 2008	gas phase; B

C₆H₁₃N₄O₂^- + Water = C₆H₁₅N₄O₃^-

By formula: C₆H₁₃N₄O₂^- + H₂O = C₆H₁₅N₄O₃^-

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	15.10 ± 0.50	kcal/mol	N/A	Wincel, 2008	gas phase; B
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	5.40 ± 0.90	kcal/mol	TDAs	Wincel, 2008	gas phase; B

C₆H₁₃O₇^- + 2 Water + 2 Water = C₆H₁₅O₈^-

By formula: C₆H₁₃O₇^- + 2H₂O + 2H₂O = C₆H₁₅O₈^-

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	8.10 ± 0.10	kcal/mol	N/A	Meot-ner, Elmore, et al., 1999	gas phase; B
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	2.35	kcal/mol	TDAs	Meot-ner, Elmore, et al., 1999	gas phase; B

C₆H₁₅Ge⁺ + Water = (C₆H₁₅Ge⁺ • Water )

By formula: C₆H₁₅Ge⁺ + H₂O = (C₆H₁₅Ge⁺ • H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	24.9	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Stone and Wytenberg, 1987	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	31.6	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Stone and Wytenberg, 1987	gas phase; M

(C₆H₁₅Ge⁺ • Water ) + Water = (C₆H₁₅Ge⁺ • 2 Water )

By formula: (C₆H₁₅Ge⁺ • H₂O) + H₂O = (C₆H₁₅Ge⁺ • 2H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	18.4	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Stone and Wytenberg, 1987	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	32.8	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Stone and Wytenberg, 1987	gas phase; M

C₆H₁₅N₂O₂⁺ + Water = (C₆H₁₅N₂O₂⁺ • Water )

By formula: C₆H₁₅N₂O₂⁺ + H₂O = (C₆H₁₅N₂O₂⁺ • H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
5.2	293.	ES/HPMS	Klassen, Blades, et al., 1995	gas phase; M

C₆H₁₅O⁺ + Water = (C₆H₁₅O⁺ • Water )

By formula: C₆H₁₅O⁺ + H₂O = (C₆H₁₅O⁺ • H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	18.8	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), Sieck, et al., 1994	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	28.4	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), Sieck, et al., 1994	gas phase; M

(C₆H₁₅O⁺ • Water ) + Water = (C₆H₁₅O⁺ • 2 Water )

By formula: (C₆H₁₅O⁺ • H₂O) + H₂O = (C₆H₁₅O⁺ • 2H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	13.2	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), Sieck, et al., 1994	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	25.7	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), Sieck, et al., 1994	gas phase; M

(C₆H₁₅O⁺ • 2 Water ) + Water = (C₆H₁₅O⁺ • 3 Water )

By formula: (C₆H₁₅O⁺ • 2H₂O) + H₂O = (C₆H₁₅O⁺ • 3H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	12.5	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), Sieck, et al., 1994	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	27.0	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), Sieck, et al., 1994	gas phase; M

(C₆H₁₅O⁺ • 3 Water ) + Water = (C₆H₁₅O⁺ • 4 Water )

By formula: (C₆H₁₅O⁺ • 3H₂O) + H₂O = (C₆H₁₅O⁺ • 4H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	10.5	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), Sieck, et al., 1994	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	23.7	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), Sieck, et al., 1994	gas phase; M

(C₆H₁₅O⁺ • 4 Water ) + Water = (C₆H₁₅O⁺ • 5 Water )

By formula: (C₆H₁₅O⁺ • 4H₂O) + H₂O = (C₆H₁₅O⁺ • 5H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	10.2	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), Sieck, et al., 1994	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	25.3	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), Sieck, et al., 1994	gas phase; M

(C₆H₁₅O⁺ • 5 Water ) + Water = (C₆H₁₅O⁺ • 6 Water )

By formula: (C₆H₁₅O⁺ • 5H₂O) + H₂O = (C₆H₁₅O⁺ • 6H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	9.4	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), Sieck, et al., 1994	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	25.0	cal/mol*K	N/A	Meot-Ner (Mautner), Sieck, et al., 1994	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
3.5	234.	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), Sieck, et al., 1994	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

(C₆H₁₅O₃⁺ • ) + Water = (C₆H₁₅O₃⁺ • Water • )

By formula: (C₆H₁₅O₃⁺ • C₆H₁₄O₃) + H₂O = (C₆H₁₅O₃⁺ • H₂O • C₆H₁₄O₃)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	20.6	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), Sieck, et al., 1994	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	34.7	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), Sieck, et al., 1994	gas phase; M

C₆H₁₅O₃⁺ + Water = (C₆H₁₅O₃⁺ • Water )

By formula: C₆H₁₅O₃⁺ + H₂O = (C₆H₁₅O₃⁺ • H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	17.6	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), Sieck, et al., 1994	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	35.0	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), Sieck, et al., 1994	gas phase; M

(C₆H₁₅O₃⁺ • Water ) + Water = (C₆H₁₅O₃⁺ • 2 Water )

By formula: (C₆H₁₅O₃⁺ • H₂O) + H₂O = (C₆H₁₅O₃⁺ • 2H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	13.1	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), Sieck, et al., 1994	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	23.2	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), Sieck, et al., 1994	gas phase; M

(C₆H₁₅O₃⁺ • 2 Water ) + Water = (C₆H₁₅O₃⁺ • 3 Water )

By formula: (C₆H₁₅O₃⁺ • 2H₂O) + H₂O = (C₆H₁₅O₃⁺ • 3H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	10.2	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), Sieck, et al., 1994	gas phase; DG<=, Δ_rH<=, (Δ_rS); M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	25.0	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), Sieck, et al., 1994	gas phase; DG<=, Δ_rH<=, (Δ_rS); M

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
3.8	257.	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), Sieck, et al., 1994	gas phase; DG<=, Δ_rH<=, (Δ_rS); M

C₆H₁₅S⁺ + Water = (C₆H₁₅S⁺ • Water )

By formula: C₆H₁₅S⁺ + H₂O = (C₆H₁₅S⁺ • H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	12.2	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Sieck, 1985	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	25.7	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Sieck, 1985	gas phase; M

C₆H₁₆N⁺ + Water = (C₆H₁₆N⁺ • Water )

By formula: C₆H₁₆N⁺ + H₂O = (C₆H₁₆N⁺ • H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	13.2	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner M. and Sieck, 1983	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	27.3	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner M. and Sieck, 1983	gas phase; M

C₆H₁₆N⁺ + Water = (C₆H₁₆N⁺ • Water )

By formula: C₆H₁₆N⁺ + H₂O = (C₆H₁₆N⁺ • H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	15.2	kcal/mol	ES/HPMS	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1996	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	22.8	cal/mol*K	ES/HPMS	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1996	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	8.4	kcal/mol	ES/HPMS	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1996	gas phase; M

C₆H₁₇N₂⁺ + Water = (C₆H₁₇N₂⁺ • Water )

By formula: C₆H₁₇N₂⁺ + H₂O = (C₆H₁₇N₂⁺ • H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
5.5	293.	ES/HPMS	Klassen, Blades, et al., 1995	gas phase; M

C₆H₁₈N₂⁺² + Water = (C₆H₁₈N₂⁺² • Water )

By formula: C₆H₁₈N₂⁺² + H₂O = (C₆H₁₈N₂⁺² • H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	17.8	kcal/mol	ES/HPMS	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1996	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	21.0	cal/mol*K	ES/HPMS	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1996	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	11.5	kcal/mol	ES/HPMS	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1996	gas phase; M

(C₆H₁₈N₂⁺² • Water ) + Water = (C₆H₁₈N₂⁺² • 2 Water )

By formula: (C₆H₁₈N₂⁺² • H₂O) + H₂O = (C₆H₁₈N₂⁺² • 2H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	17.2	kcal/mol	ES/HPMS	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1996	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	23.1	cal/mol*K	ES/HPMS	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1996	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	10.4	kcal/mol	ES/HPMS	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1996	gas phase; M

+ Water = ( • Water )

By formula: C₇H₅O₂^- + H₂O = (C₇H₅O₂^- • H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	15.1 ± 1.5	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; T: 293 K. ΔSaff approx. 24 cal/mol-K; B
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	8.10 ± 0.30	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; T: 293 K. ΔSaff approx. 24 cal/mol-K; B,M

( • Water ) + Water = ( • 2 Water )

By formula: (C₇H₅O₂^- • H₂O) + H₂O = (C₇H₅O₂^- • 2H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	12.7 ± 1.5	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; T: 293 K. ΔSaff approx. 24 cal/mol-K; B
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	5.70 ± 0.30	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; T: 293 K. ΔSaff approx. 24 cal/mol-K; B,M

( • 2 Water ) + Water = ( • 3 Water )

By formula: (C₇H₅O₂^- • 2H₂O) + H₂O = (C₇H₅O₂^- • 3H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	11.5 ± 1.5	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; T: 293 K. ΔSaff approx. 24 cal/mol-K; B
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	4.50 ± 0.30	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; T: 293 K. ΔSaff approx. 24 cal/mol-K; B,M

C₇H₆N⁺ + Water = (C₇H₆N⁺ • Water )

By formula: C₇H₆N⁺ + H₂O = (C₇H₆N⁺ • H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	18.9	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Speller and Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1985	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	23.1	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Speller and Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1985	gas phase; M

C₇H₆NO⁺ + Water = (C₇H₆NO⁺ • Water )

By formula: C₇H₆NO⁺ + H₂O = (C₇H₆NO⁺ • H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
7.7	426.	PHPMS	Martinsen and Buttrill, 1978	gas phase; M

C₇H₇F₃N⁺ + Water = (C₇H₇F₃N⁺ • Water )

By formula: C₇H₇F₃N⁺ + H₂O = (C₇H₇F₃N⁺ • H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	16.1	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Lau, Nishizawa, et al., 1981	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	22.	cal/mol*K	N/A	Lau, Nishizawa, et al., 1981	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
6.6	433.	PHPMS	Lau, Nishizawa, et al., 1981	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

C₇H₇N₂⁺ + Water = (C₇H₇N₂⁺ • Water )

By formula: C₇H₇N₂⁺ + H₂O = (C₇H₇N₂⁺ • H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	17.3	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Lau, Nishizawa, et al., 1981	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	22.	cal/mol*K	N/A	Lau, Nishizawa, et al., 1981	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
7.8	433.	PHPMS	Lau, Nishizawa, et al., 1981	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

C₇H₇O₂⁺ + Water = (C₇H₇O₂⁺ • Water )

By formula: C₇H₇O₂⁺ + H₂O = (C₇H₇O₂⁺ • H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	18.7	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Davidson, Sunner J., et al., 1979	gas phase; data from graph; M

C₇H₇O₃⁺ + Water = (C₇H₇O₃⁺ • Water )

By formula: C₇H₇O₃⁺ + H₂O = (C₇H₇O₃⁺ • H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
5.5	452.	PHPMS	Martinsen and Buttrill, 1978	gas phase; M

C₇H₉O⁺ + Water = (C₇H₉O⁺ • Water )

By formula: C₇H₉O⁺ + H₂O = (C₇H₉O⁺ • H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
4.2	454.	PHPMS	Martinsen and Buttrill, 1978	gas phase; M

C₇H₉O⁺ + Water = (C₇H₉O⁺ • Water )

By formula: C₇H₉O⁺ + H₂O = (C₇H₉O⁺ • H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
4.6	447.	PHPMS	Martinsen and Buttrill, 1978	gas phase; M

C₇H₉O⁺ + Water = (C₇H₉O⁺ • Water )

By formula: C₇H₉O⁺ + H₂O = (C₇H₉O⁺ • H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
4.4	447.	PHPMS	Martinsen and Buttrill, 1978	gas phase; M

C₇H₁₀N⁺ + Water = (C₇H₁₀N⁺ • Water )

By formula: C₇H₁₀N⁺ + H₂O = (C₇H₁₀N⁺ • H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	13.2	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner M. and Sieck, 1983	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	25.9	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner M. and Sieck, 1983	gas phase; M

C₇H₁₀N⁺ + Water = (C₇H₁₀N⁺ • Water )

By formula: C₇H₁₀N⁺ + H₂O = (C₇H₁₀N⁺ • H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	13.5	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Lau, Nishizawa, et al., 1981	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; ring to N proton shift on hydration; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	22.	cal/mol*K	N/A	Lau, Nishizawa, et al., 1981	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; ring to N proton shift on hydration; M

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
4.0	433.	PHPMS	Lau, Nishizawa, et al., 1981	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; ring to N proton shift on hydration; M

C₇H₁₀NO⁺ + Water = (C₇H₁₀NO⁺ • Water )

By formula: C₇H₁₀NO⁺ + H₂O = (C₇H₁₀NO⁺ • H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	10.3	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Lau, Nishizawa, et al., 1981	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated, ring to N proton shift on hydration; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	22.	cal/mol*K	N/A	Lau, Nishizawa, et al., 1981	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated, ring to N proton shift on hydration; M

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
0.8	433.	PHPMS	Lau, Nishizawa, et al., 1981	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated, ring to N proton shift on hydration; M

C₇H₁₀O₄^-2 + Water = (C₇H₁₀O₄^-2 • Water )

By formula: C₇H₁₀O₄^-2 + H₂O = (C₇H₁₀O₄^-2 • H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	6.0 ± 4.2	kcal/mol	N/A	Ding, Wang, et al., 1998	gas phase; Affinity is EA difference from next lower solvated ion.; B

(C₇H₁₀O₄^-2 • Water ) + Water = (C₇H₁₀O₄^-2 • 2 Water )

By formula: (C₇H₁₀O₄^-2 • H₂O) + H₂O = (C₇H₁₀O₄^-2 • 2H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	13.4 ± 4.2	kcal/mol	N/A	Ding, Wang, et al., 1998	gas phase; Affinity is EA difference from next lower solvated ion.; B

(C₇H₁₀O₄^-2 • 2 Water ) + Water = (C₇H₁₀O₄^-2 • 3 Water )

By formula: (C₇H₁₀O₄^-2 • 2H₂O) + H₂O = (C₇H₁₀O₄^-2 • 3H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	8.00 ± 0.30	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; B,M

(C₇H₁₀O₄^-2 • 3 Water ) + Water = (C₇H₁₀O₄^-2 • 4 Water )

By formula: (C₇H₁₀O₄^-2 • 3H₂O) + H₂O = (C₇H₁₀O₄^-2 • 4H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	7.20 ± 0.30	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; B,M

(C₇H₁₀O₄^-2 • 4 Water ) + Water = (C₇H₁₀O₄^-2 • 5 Water )

By formula: (C₇H₁₀O₄^-2 • 4H₂O) + H₂O = (C₇H₁₀O₄^-2 • 5H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	6.20 ± 0.30	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; B,M

(C₇H₁₀O₄^-2 • 5 Water ) + Water = (C₇H₁₀O₄^-2 • 6 Water )

By formula: (C₇H₁₀O₄^-2 • 5H₂O) + H₂O = (C₇H₁₀O₄^-2 • 6H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	5.50 ± 0.30	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; B,M

C₇H₁₁N₂⁺ + Water = (C₇H₁₁N₂⁺ • Water )

By formula: C₇H₁₁N₂⁺ + H₂O = (C₇H₁₁N₂⁺ • H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	12.0	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Davidson, Sunner J., et al., 1979	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	24.8	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Davidson, Sunner J., et al., 1979	gas phase; M

C₇H₁₁O⁺ + Water = (C₇H₁₁O⁺ • Water )

By formula: C₇H₁₁O⁺ + H₂O = (C₇H₁₁O⁺ • H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	16.5	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	26.0	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984	gas phase; M

(C₇H₁₁O⁺ • Water ) + Water = (C₇H₁₁O⁺ • 2 Water )

By formula: (C₇H₁₁O⁺ • H₂O) + H₂O = (C₇H₁₁O⁺ • 2H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	11.2	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	22.3	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984	gas phase; M

(C₇H₁₁O⁺ • 2 Water ) + Water = (C₇H₁₁O⁺ • 3 Water )

By formula: (C₇H₁₁O⁺ • 2H₂O) + H₂O = (C₇H₁₁O⁺ • 3H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	8.9	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	17.1	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984	gas phase; M

(C₇H₁₁O⁺ • 3 Water ) + Water = (C₇H₁₁O⁺ • 4 Water )

By formula: (C₇H₁₁O⁺ • 3H₂O) + H₂O = (C₇H₁₁O⁺ • 4H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	9.1	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	20.8	cal/mol*K	N/A	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
3.5	269.	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

C₇H₁₁O₄^-2 + Water = (C₇H₁₁O₄^-2 • Water )

By formula: C₇H₁₁O₄^-2 + H₂O = (C₇H₁₁O₄^-2 • H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	5.5	kcal/mol	ES/HPMS	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; M

C₇H₁₁O₄^-2 + Water = C₇H₁₃O₅^-

By formula: C₇H₁₁O₄^-2 + H₂O = C₇H₁₃O₅^-

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	5.50 ± 0.30	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; B

C₇H₁₅O₂⁺ + Water = (C₇H₁₅O₂⁺ • Water )

By formula: C₇H₁₅O₂⁺ + H₂O = (C₇H₁₅O₂⁺ • H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	13.8	kcal/mol	HPMS	Field, 1969	gas phase; Entropy change is questionable; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	12.	cal/mol*K	HPMS	Field, 1969	gas phase; Entropy change is questionable; M

C₇H₁₇O₄S^- + 2 Water = C₇H₁₉O₅S^-

By formula: C₇H₁₇O₄S^- + 2H₂O = C₇H₁₉O₅S^-

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	12.0 ± 1.5	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; T: 293 K. ΔSaff approx. 24 cal/mol-K; B
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	5.00 ± 0.30	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; T: 293 K. ΔSaff approx. 24 cal/mol-K; B

C₇H₁₉N₂⁺ + Water = (C₇H₁₉N₂⁺ • Water )

By formula: C₇H₁₉N₂⁺ + H₂O = (C₇H₁₉N₂⁺ • H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
5.4	293.	ES/HPMS	Klassen, Blades, et al., 1995	gas phase; M

C₇H₂₂⁺² + Water = (C₇H₂₂⁺² • Water )

By formula: C₇H₂₂⁺² + H₂O = (C₇H₂₂⁺² • H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	17.8	kcal/mol	ES/HPMS	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1996	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	22.6	cal/mol*K	ES/HPMS	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1996	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	11.1	kcal/mol	ES/HPMS	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1996	gas phase; M

(C₇H₂₂⁺² • Water ) + Water = (C₇H₂₂⁺² • 2 Water )

By formula: (C₇H₂₂⁺² • H₂O) + H₂O = (C₇H₂₂⁺² • 2H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	17.2	kcal/mol	ES/HPMS	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1996	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	23.7	cal/mol*K	ES/HPMS	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1996	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	9.8	kcal/mol	ES/HPMS	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1996	gas phase; M

(C₇H₂₂⁺² • 2 Water ) + Water = (C₇H₂₂⁺² • 3 Water )

By formula: (C₇H₂₂⁺² • 2H₂O) + H₂O = (C₇H₂₂⁺² • 3H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
8.0	293.	ES/HPMS	Klassen, Blades, et al., 1995	gas phase; M

(C₇H₂₂⁺² • 3 Water ) + Water = (C₇H₂₂⁺² • 4 Water )

By formula: (C₇H₂₂⁺² • 3H₂O) + H₂O = (C₇H₂₂⁺² • 4H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
7.1	293.	ES/HPMS	Klassen, Blades, et al., 1995	gas phase; M

(C₇H₂₂⁺² • 4 Water ) + Water = (C₇H₂₂⁺² • 5 Water )

By formula: (C₇H₂₂⁺² • 4H₂O) + H₂O = (C₇H₂₂⁺² • 5H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
5.9	293.	ES/HPMS	Klassen, Blades, et al., 1995	gas phase; M

(C₇H₂₂⁺² • 5 Water ) + Water = (C₇H₂₂⁺² • 6 Water )

By formula: (C₇H₂₂⁺² • 5H₂O) + H₂O = (C₇H₂₂⁺² • 6H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
5.3	293.	ES/HPMS	Klassen, Blades, et al., 1995	gas phase; M

C₈H₄O₄^- + Water = (C₈H₄O₄^- • Water )

By formula: C₈H₄O₄^- + H₂O = (C₈H₄O₄^- • H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	7.4	kcal/mol	ES/HPMS	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; M

(C₈H₄O₄^-2 • 2 Water ) + Water = (C₈H₄O₄^-2 • 3 Water )

By formula: (C₈H₄O₄^-2 • 2H₂O) + H₂O = (C₈H₄O₄^-2 • 3H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	8.4	kcal/mol	ES/HPMS	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; M

(C₈H₄O₄^-2 • 3 Water ) + Water = (C₈H₄O₄^-2 • 4 Water )

By formula: (C₈H₄O₄^-2 • 3H₂O) + H₂O = (C₈H₄O₄^-2 • 4H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	7.3	kcal/mol	ES/HPMS	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; M

(C₈H₄O₄^-2 • 4 Water ) + Water = (C₈H₄O₄^-2 • 5 Water )

By formula: (C₈H₄O₄^-2 • 4H₂O) + H₂O = (C₈H₄O₄^-2 • 5H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	6.3	kcal/mol	ES/HPMS	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; M

(C₈H₄O₄^-2 • 5 Water ) + Water = (C₈H₄O₄^-2 • 6 Water )

By formula: (C₈H₄O₄^-2 • 5H₂O) + H₂O = (C₈H₄O₄^-2 • 6H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	5.9	kcal/mol	ES/HPMS	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; M

C₈H₅O₄^- + Water = (C₈H₅O₄^- • Water )

By formula: C₈H₅O₄^- + H₂O = (C₈H₅O₄^- • H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	4.7	kcal/mol	ES/HPMS	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; M

C₈H₅O₄^-2 + Water = C₈H₇O₅^-

By formula: C₈H₅O₄^-2 + H₂O = C₈H₇O₅^-

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	14.4 ± 1.5	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; T: 293 K. ΔSaff approx. 24 cal/mol-K; B
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	7.40 ± 0.30	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; T: 293 K. ΔSaff approx. 24 cal/mol-K; B

C₈H₁₀O₇^-2 + 4 Water = C₈H₁₂O₈^-2

By formula: C₈H₁₀O₇^-2 + 4H₂O = C₈H₁₂O₈^-2

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	7.30 ± 0.30	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; B

C₈H₁₁O⁺ + Water = (C₈H₁₁O⁺ • Water )

By formula: C₈H₁₁O⁺ + H₂O = (C₈H₁₁O⁺ • H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
4.2	455.	PHPMS	Martinsen and Buttrill, 1978	gas phase; M

C₈H₁₁O⁺ + Water = (C₈H₁₁O⁺ • Water )

By formula: C₈H₁₁O⁺ + H₂O = (C₈H₁₁O⁺ • H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
3.9	453.	PHPMS	Martinsen and Buttrill, 1978	gas phase; M

C₈H₁₁O⁺ + Water = (C₈H₁₁O⁺ • Water )

By formula: C₈H₁₁O⁺ + H₂O = (C₈H₁₁O⁺ • H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
3.6	455.	PHPMS	Martinsen and Buttrill, 1978	gas phase; M

C₈H₁₂N⁺ + Water = (C₈H₁₂N⁺ • Water )

By formula: C₈H₁₂N⁺ + H₂O = (C₈H₁₂N⁺ • H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	14.2	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner M. and Sieck, 1983	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	28.8	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner M. and Sieck, 1983	gas phase; M

C₈H₁₂N⁺ + Water = (C₈H₁₂N⁺ • Water )

By formula: C₈H₁₂N⁺ + H₂O = (C₈H₁₂N⁺ • H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	13.2	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Lau, Nishizawa, et al., 1981	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated, ring to N proton shift on hydration; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	22.	cal/mol*K	N/A	Lau, Nishizawa, et al., 1981	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated, ring to N proton shift on hydration; M

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
3.7	434.	PHPMS	Lau, Nishizawa, et al., 1981	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated, ring to N proton shift on hydration; M

C₈H₁₂N⁺ + Water = (C₈H₁₂N⁺ • Water )

By formula: C₈H₁₂N⁺ + H₂O = (C₈H₁₂N⁺ • H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	10.9	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Buttrill, 1983	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	21.	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Buttrill, 1983	gas phase; M

C₈H₁₂O₄^-2 + Water = (C₈H₁₂O₄^-2 • Water )

By formula: C₈H₁₂O₄^-2 + H₂O = (C₈H₁₂O₄^-2 • H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	6.7 ± 4.2	kcal/mol	N/A	Ding, Wang, et al., 1998	gas phase; Affinity is EA difference from next lower solvated ion.; B
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	5.4	kcal/mol	ES/HPMS	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; M

(C₈H₁₂O₄^-2 • Water ) + Water = (C₈H₁₂O₄^-2 • 2 Water )

By formula: (C₈H₁₂O₄^-2 • H₂O) + H₂O = (C₈H₁₂O₄^-2 • 2H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	14.1 ± 4.2	kcal/mol	N/A	Ding, Wang, et al., 1998	gas phase; Affinity is EA difference from next lower solvated ion.; B

(C₈H₁₂O₄^-2 • 2 Water ) + Water = (C₈H₁₂O₄^-2 • 3 Water )

By formula: (C₈H₁₂O₄^-2 • 2H₂O) + H₂O = (C₈H₁₂O₄^-2 • 3H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	7.80 ± 0.30	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; B,M

(C₈H₁₂O₄^-2 • 3 Water ) + Water = (C₈H₁₂O₄^-2 • 4 Water )

By formula: (C₈H₁₂O₄^-2 • 3H₂O) + H₂O = (C₈H₁₂O₄^-2 • 4H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	7.10 ± 0.30	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; B,M

(C₈H₁₂O₄^-2 • 4 Water ) + Water = (C₈H₁₂O₄^-2 • 5 Water )

By formula: (C₈H₁₂O₄^-2 • 4H₂O) + H₂O = (C₈H₁₂O₄^-2 • 5H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	6.10 ± 0.30	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; B,M

(C₈H₁₂O₄^-2 • 5 Water ) + Water = (C₈H₁₂O₄^-2 • 6 Water )

By formula: (C₈H₁₂O₄^-2 • 5H₂O) + H₂O = (C₈H₁₂O₄^-2 • 6H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	5.50 ± 0.30	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; B,M

C₈H₁₂O₈^-2 + 5 Water = C₈H₁₄O₉^-2

By formula: C₈H₁₂O₈^-2 + 5H₂O = C₈H₁₄O₉^-2

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	6.30 ± 0.30	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; B

C₈H₁₃O₄^-2 + Water = C₈H₁₅O₅^-

By formula: C₈H₁₃O₄^-2 + H₂O = C₈H₁₅O₅^-

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	5.40 ± 0.30	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; B

C₈H₁₄O₉^-2 + 6 Water = C₈H₁₆O₁₀^-2

By formula: C₈H₁₄O₉^-2 + 6H₂O = C₈H₁₆O₁₀^-2

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	5.90 ± 0.30	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; B

C₈H₁₅O₈^- + 3 Water + Water = C₈H₁₇O₉^-

By formula: C₈H₁₅O₈^- + 3H₂O + H₂O = C₈H₁₇O₉^-

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	8.9 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	N/A	Meot-ner, Elmore, et al., 1999	gas phase; B
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	0.64	kcal/mol	TDAs	Meot-ner, Elmore, et al., 1999	gas phase; B

C₈H₁₈N₃O₃⁺ + Water = (C₈H₁₈N₃O₃⁺ • Water )

By formula: C₈H₁₈N₃O₃⁺ + H₂O = (C₈H₁₈N₃O₃⁺ • H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
4.9	293.	ES/HPMS	Klassen, Blades, et al., 1995	gas phase; M

C₈H₂₀N⁺ + Water = (C₈H₂₀N⁺ • Water )

By formula: C₈H₂₀N⁺ + H₂O = (C₈H₂₀N⁺ • H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
8.5	293.	ES/HPMS	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; M

(C₈H₂₀N⁺ • Water ) + Water = (C₈H₂₀N⁺ • 2 Water )

By formula: (C₈H₂₀N⁺ • H₂O) + H₂O = (C₈H₂₀N⁺ • 2H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
6.1	293.	ES/HPMS	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; M

(C₈H₂₀N⁺ • 2 Water ) + Water = (C₈H₂₀N⁺ • 3 Water )

By formula: (C₈H₂₀N⁺ • 2H₂O) + H₂O = (C₈H₂₀N⁺ • 3H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
4.6	293.	ES/HPMS	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; M

C₈H₂₁N₂⁺ + Water = (C₈H₂₁N₂⁺ • Water )

By formula: C₈H₂₁N₂⁺ + H₂O = (C₈H₂₁N₂⁺ • H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
5.4	293.	ES/HPMS	Klassen, Blades, et al., 1995	gas phase; M

C₈H₂₂N₂⁺² + Water = (C₈H₂₂N₂⁺² • Water )

By formula: C₈H₂₂N₂⁺² + H₂O = (C₈H₂₂N₂⁺² • H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	16.9	kcal/mol	ES/HPMS	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1996	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	21.5	cal/mol*K	ES/HPMS	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1996	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	10.5	kcal/mol	ES/HPMS	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1996	gas phase; M

(C₈H₂₂N₂⁺² • Water ) + Water = (C₈H₂₂N₂⁺² • 2 Water )

By formula: (C₈H₂₂N₂⁺² • H₂O) + H₂O = (C₈H₂₂N₂⁺² • 2H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	16.8	kcal/mol	ES/HPMS	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1996	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	23.8	cal/mol*K	ES/HPMS	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1996	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	9.7	kcal/mol	ES/HPMS	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1996	gas phase; M

(C₈H₂₂N₂⁺² • 2 Water ) + Water = (C₈H₂₂N₂⁺² • 3 Water )

By formula: (C₈H₂₂N₂⁺² • 2H₂O) + H₂O = (C₈H₂₂N₂⁺² • 3H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
7.7	293.	ES/HPMS	Klassen, Blades, et al., 1995	gas phase; M

(C₈H₂₂N₂⁺² • 3 Water ) + Water = (C₈H₂₂N₂⁺² • 4 Water )

By formula: (C₈H₂₂N₂⁺² • 3H₂O) + H₂O = (C₈H₂₂N₂⁺² • 4H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
6.9	293.	ES/HPMS	Klassen, Blades, et al., 1995	gas phase; M

(C₈H₂₂N₂⁺² • 4 Water ) + Water = (C₈H₂₂N₂⁺² • 5 Water )

By formula: (C₈H₂₂N₂⁺² • 4H₂O) + H₂O = (C₈H₂₂N₂⁺² • 5H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
5.8	293.	ES/HPMS	Klassen, Blades, et al., 1995	gas phase; M

(C₈H₂₂N₂⁺² • 5 Water ) + Water = (C₈H₂₂N₂⁺² • 6 Water )

By formula: (C₈H₂₂N₂⁺² • 5H₂O) + H₂O = (C₈H₂₂N₂⁺² • 6H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
5.2	293.	ES/HPMS	Klassen, Blades, et al., 1995	gas phase; M

C₉H₁₀NO₂^- + Water = C₉H₁₂NO₃^-

By formula: C₉H₁₀NO₂^- + H₂O = C₉H₁₂NO₃^-

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	14.50 ± 0.40	kcal/mol	N/A	Wincel, 2008	gas phase; B
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	7.20 ± 0.90	kcal/mol	TDAs	Wincel, 2008	gas phase; B

C₉H₁₁O₂⁺ + Water = (C₉H₁₁O₂⁺ • Water )

By formula: C₉H₁₁O₂⁺ + H₂O = (C₉H₁₁O₂⁺ • H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	13.7	kcal/mol	HPMS	Field, 1969	gas phase; Entropy change is questionable; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	12.	cal/mol*K	HPMS	Field, 1969	gas phase; Entropy change is questionable; M

C₉H₁₂NO⁺ + Water = (C₉H₁₂NO⁺ • Water )

By formula: C₉H₁₂NO⁺ + H₂O = (C₉H₁₂NO⁺ • H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	15.1	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner, 1984	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	26.3	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner, 1984	gas phase; M

C₉H₁₄N⁺ + Water = (C₉H₁₄N⁺ • Water )

By formula: C₉H₁₄N⁺ + H₂O = (C₉H₁₄N⁺ • H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	14.2	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner M. and Sieck, 1983	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	30.8	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner M. and Sieck, 1983	gas phase; M

C₉H₁₄N⁺ + Water = (C₉H₁₄N⁺ • Water )

By formula: C₉H₁₄N⁺ + H₂O = (C₉H₁₄N⁺ • H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	13.0	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner M. and Sieck, 1983	gas phase; (H), Δ_rS should be 27.15 cal/mol*K; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	28.6	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner M. and Sieck, 1983	gas phase; (H), Δ_rS should be 27.15 cal/mol*K; M

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
2.3	394.	PHPMS	Meot-Ner M. and Sieck, 1983	gas phase; (H), Δ_rS should be 27.15 cal/mol*K; M

C₉H₁₄O₄^-2 + Water = (C₉H₁₄O₄^-2 • Water )

By formula: C₉H₁₄O₄^-2 + H₂O = (C₉H₁₄O₄^-2 • H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	5.3	kcal/mol	ES/HPMS	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; M

(C₉H₁₄O₄^-2 • 2 Water ) + Water = (C₉H₁₄O₄^-2 • 3 Water )

By formula: (C₉H₁₄O₄^-2 • 2H₂O) + H₂O = (C₉H₁₄O₄^-2 • 3H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	7.6	kcal/mol	ES/HPMS	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; M

(C₉H₁₄O₄^-2 • 3 Water ) + Water = (C₉H₁₄O₄^-2 • 4 Water )

By formula: (C₉H₁₄O₄^-2 • 3H₂O) + H₂O = (C₉H₁₄O₄^-2 • 4H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	6.9	kcal/mol	ES/HPMS	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; M

(C₉H₁₄O₄^-2 • 4 Water ) + Water = (C₉H₁₄O₄^-2 • 5 Water )

By formula: (C₉H₁₄O₄^-2 • 4H₂O) + H₂O = (C₉H₁₄O₄^-2 • 5H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	5.9	kcal/mol	ES/HPMS	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; M

(C₉H₁₄O₄^-2 • 5 Water ) + Water = (C₉H₁₄O₄^-2 • 6 Water )

By formula: (C₉H₁₄O₄^-2 • 5H₂O) + H₂O = (C₉H₁₄O₄^-2 • 6H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	5.2	kcal/mol	ES/HPMS	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; M

C₉H₂₀O₇^-2 + 4 Water = C₉H₂₂O₈^-2

By formula: C₉H₂₀O₇^-2 + 4H₂O = C₉H₂₂O₈^-2

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	6.90 ± 0.30	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; B

C₉H₂₂N⁺ + Water = (C₉H₂₂N⁺ • Water )

By formula: C₉H₂₂N⁺ + H₂O = (C₉H₂₂N⁺ • H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	12.5	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner M. and Sieck, 1983	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	30.2	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner M. and Sieck, 1983	gas phase; M

C₉H₂₂O₈^-2 + 5 Water = C₉H₂₄O₉^-2

By formula: C₉H₂₂O₈^-2 + 5H₂O = C₉H₂₄O₉^-2

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	5.90 ± 0.30	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; B

C₉H₂₄N₂⁺² + Water = (C₉H₂₄N₂⁺² • Water )

By formula: C₉H₂₄N₂⁺² + H₂O = (C₉H₂₄N₂⁺² • H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	16.5	kcal/mol	ES/HPMS	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1996	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	20.8	cal/mol*K	ES/HPMS	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1996	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	10.3	kcal/mol	ES/HPMS	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1996	gas phase; M

(C₉H₂₄N₂⁺² • Water ) + Water = (C₉H₂₄N₂⁺² • 2 Water )

By formula: (C₉H₂₄N₂⁺² • H₂O) + H₂O = (C₉H₂₄N₂⁺² • 2H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	16.3	kcal/mol	ES/HPMS	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1996	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	23.4	cal/mol*K	ES/HPMS	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1996	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	9.3	kcal/mol	ES/HPMS	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1996	gas phase; M

C₉H₂₄O₉^-2 + 6 Water = C₉H₂₆O₁₀^-2

By formula: C₉H₂₄O₉^-2 + 6H₂O = C₉H₂₆O₁₀^-2

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	5.20 ± 0.30	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; B

C₁₀H₆O₆S₂^-2 + Water = (C₁₀H₆O₆S₂^-2 • Water )

By formula: C₁₀H₆O₆S₂^-2 + H₂O = (C₁₀H₆O₆S₂^-2 • H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	7.8	kcal/mol	ES/HPMS	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; M

(C₁₀H₆O₆S₂^-2 • Water ) + Water = (C₁₀H₆O₆S₂^-2 • 2 Water )

By formula: (C₁₀H₆O₆S₂^-2 • H₂O) + H₂O = (C₁₀H₆O₆S₂^-2 • 2H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	7.0	kcal/mol	ES/HPMS	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; M

(C₁₀H₆O₆S₂^-2 • 2 Water ) + Water = (C₁₀H₆O₆S₂^-2 • 3 Water )

By formula: (C₁₀H₆O₆S₂^-2 • 2H₂O) + H₂O = (C₁₀H₆O₆S₂^-2 • 3H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	6.3	kcal/mol	ES/HPMS	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; M

(C₁₀H₆O₆S₂^-2 • 3 Water ) + Water = (C₁₀H₆O₆S₂^-2 • 4 Water )

By formula: (C₁₀H₆O₆S₂^-2 • 3H₂O) + H₂O = (C₁₀H₆O₆S₂^-2 • 4H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	5.5	kcal/mol	ES/HPMS	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; M

C₁₀H₈O₇S₂^-2 + 2 Water = C₁₀H₁₀O₈S₂^-2

By formula: C₁₀H₈O₇S₂^-2 + 2H₂O = C₁₀H₁₀O₈S₂^-2

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	7.00 ± 0.30	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; B

C₁₀H₁₀O₈S₂^-2 + 3 Water = C₁₀H₁₂O₉S₂^-2

By formula: C₁₀H₁₀O₈S₂^-2 + 3H₂O = C₁₀H₁₂O₉S₂^-2

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	6.30 ± 0.30	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; B

C₁₀H₁₂O₉S₂^-2 + 4 Water = C₁₀H₁₄O₁₀S₂^-2

By formula: C₁₀H₁₂O₉S₂^-2 + 4H₂O = C₁₀H₁₄O₁₀S₂^-2

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	5.50 ± 0.30	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; B

(C₁₀H₁₆O₄^-2 • 2 Water ) + Water = (C₁₀H₁₆O₄^-2 • 3 Water )

By formula: (C₁₀H₁₆O₄^-2 • 2H₂O) + H₂O = (C₁₀H₁₆O₄^-2 • 3H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	7.4	kcal/mol	ES/HPMS	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; M

(C₁₀H₁₆O₄^-2 • 3 Water ) + Water = (C₁₀H₁₆O₄^-2 • 4 Water )

By formula: (C₁₀H₁₆O₄^-2 • 3H₂O) + H₂O = (C₁₀H₁₆O₄^-2 • 4H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	6.7	kcal/mol	ES/HPMS	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; M

(C₁₀H₁₆O₄^-2 • 4 Water ) + Water = (C₁₀H₁₆O₄^-2 • 5 Water )

By formula: (C₁₀H₁₆O₄^-2 • 4H₂O) + H₂O = (C₁₀H₁₆O₄^-2 • 5H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	5.8	kcal/mol	ES/HPMS	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; M

(C₁₀H₁₆O₄^-2 • 5 Water ) + Water = (C₁₀H₁₆O₄^-2 • 6 Water )

By formula: (C₁₀H₁₆O₄^-2 • 5H₂O) + H₂O = (C₁₀H₁₆O₄^-2 • 6H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	5.1	kcal/mol	ES/HPMS	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; M

C₁₀H₁₇O₄^- + Water = (C₁₀H₁₇O₄^- • Water )

By formula: C₁₀H₁₇O₄^- + H₂O = (C₁₀H₁₇O₄^- • H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	5.0	kcal/mol	ES/HPMS	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; M

C₁₀H₁₉N₅O₁₃P₂^-2 + 4 Water = C₁₀H₂₁N₅O₁₄P₂^-2

By formula: C₁₀H₁₉N₅O₁₃P₂^-2 + 4H₂O = C₁₀H₂₁N₅O₁₄P₂^-2

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	6.10 ± 0.20	kcal/mol	IMRE	Blades, Ho, et al., 1996	gas phase; Correction to published article: P. Kebarle; B

C₁₀H₂₁O₅⁺ + Water = (C₁₀H₂₁O₅⁺ • Water )

By formula: C₁₀H₂₁O₅⁺ + H₂O = (C₁₀H₂₁O₅⁺ • H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bonds with polydentate bonding in positive ions

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	21.6	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Sharma and Kebarle, 1984	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	33.0	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Sharma and Kebarle, 1984	gas phase; M

C₁₀H₂₂O₇^-2 + 4 Water = C₁₀H₂₄O₈^-2

By formula: C₁₀H₂₂O₇^-2 + 4H₂O = C₁₀H₂₄O₈^-2

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	6.70 ± 0.30	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; B

C₁₀H₂₄O₈^-2 + 5 Water = C₁₀H₂₆O₉^-2

By formula: C₁₀H₂₄O₈^-2 + 5H₂O = C₁₀H₂₆O₉^-2

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	5.80 ± 0.30	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; B

C₁₀H₂₅N₂⁺ + Water = (C₁₀H₂₅N₂⁺ • Water )

By formula: C₁₀H₂₅N₂⁺ + H₂O = (C₁₀H₂₅N₂⁺ • H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
5.1	293.	ES/HPMS	Klassen, Blades, et al., 1995	gas phase; M

C₁₀H₂₆N₂⁺² + Water = (C₁₀H₂₆N₂⁺² • Water )

By formula: C₁₀H₂₆N₂⁺² + H₂O = (C₁₀H₂₆N₂⁺² • H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	16.8	kcal/mol	ES/HPMS	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1996	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	22.8	cal/mol*K	ES/HPMS	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1996	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	10.3	kcal/mol	ES/HPMS	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1996	gas phase; M

(C₁₀H₂₆N₂⁺² • Water ) + Water = (C₁₀H₂₆N₂⁺² • 2 Water )

By formula: (C₁₀H₂₆N₂⁺² • H₂O) + H₂O = (C₁₀H₂₆N₂⁺² • 2H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	16.8	kcal/mol	ES/HPMS	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1996	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	25.2	cal/mol*K	ES/HPMS	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1996	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	9.3	kcal/mol	ES/HPMS	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1996	gas phase; M

(C₁₀H₂₆N₂⁺² • 2 Water ) + Water = (C₁₀H₂₆N₂⁺² • 3 Water )

By formula: (C₁₀H₂₆N₂⁺² • 2H₂O) + H₂O = (C₁₀H₂₆N₂⁺² • 3H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
7.4	293.	ES/HPMS	Klassen, Blades, et al., 1995	gas phase; M

(C₁₀H₂₆N₂⁺² • 3 Water ) + Water = (C₁₀H₂₆N₂⁺² • 4 Water )

By formula: (C₁₀H₂₆N₂⁺² • 3H₂O) + H₂O = (C₁₀H₂₆N₂⁺² • 4H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
6.7	293.	ES/HPMS	Klassen, Blades, et al., 1995	gas phase; M

(C₁₀H₂₆N₂⁺² • 4 Water ) + Water = (C₁₀H₂₆N₂⁺² • 5 Water )

By formula: (C₁₀H₂₆N₂⁺² • 4H₂O) + H₂O = (C₁₀H₂₆N₂⁺² • 5H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
5.7	293.	ES/HPMS	Klassen, Blades, et al., 1995	gas phase; M

(C₁₀H₂₆N₂⁺² • 5 Water ) + Water = (C₁₀H₂₆N₂⁺² • 6 Water )

By formula: (C₁₀H₂₆N₂⁺² • 5H₂O) + H₂O = (C₁₀H₂₆N₂⁺² • 6H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
5.1	293.	ES/HPMS	Klassen, Blades, et al., 1995	gas phase; M

C₁₀H₂₆O₉^-2 + 6 Water = C₁₀H₂₈O₁₀^-2

By formula: C₁₀H₂₆O₉^-2 + 6H₂O = C₁₀H₂₈O₁₀^-2

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	5.10 ± 0.30	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; B

C₁₀H₂₇N₅O₁₇P₂^-2 + 8 Water = C₁₀H₂₉N₅O₁₈P₂^-2

By formula: C₁₀H₂₇N₅O₁₇P₂^-2 + 8H₂O = C₁₀H₂₉N₅O₁₈P₂^-2

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	4.40 ± 0.20	kcal/mol	IMRE	Blades, Ho, et al., 1996	gas phase; Correction to published article: P. Kebarle; B

+ Water = C₁₁H₁₃N₂O₃^-

By formula: C₁₁H₁₁N₂O₂^- + H₂O = C₁₁H₁₃N₂O₃^-

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	14.80 ± 0.50	kcal/mol	N/A	Wincel, 2008	gas phase; B
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	6.90 ± 0.90	kcal/mol	TDAs	Wincel, 2008	gas phase; B

C₁₁H₁₈N⁺ + Water = (C₁₁H₁₈N⁺ • Water )

By formula: C₁₁H₁₈N⁺ + H₂O = (C₁₁H₁₈N⁺ • H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	12.8	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner M. and Sieck, 1983	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	32.1	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner M. and Sieck, 1983	gas phase; M

C₁₂H₂₅O₆⁺ + Water = (C₁₂H₂₅O₆⁺ • Water )

By formula: C₁₂H₂₅O₆⁺ + H₂O = (C₁₂H₂₅O₆⁺ • H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bonds with polydentate bonding in positive ions

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	26.4	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Sharma and Kebarle, 1984	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	34.6	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Sharma and Kebarle, 1984	gas phase; M

C₁₂H₂₈N⁺ + Water = (C₁₂H₂₈N⁺ • Water )

By formula: C₁₂H₂₈N⁺ + H₂O = (C₁₂H₂₈N⁺ • H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	13.6	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner M. and Sieck, 1983	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	36.4	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner M. and Sieck, 1983	gas phase; M

C₁₂H₂₉N₂⁺ + Water = (C₁₂H₂₉N₂⁺ • Water )

By formula: C₁₂H₂₉N₂⁺ + H₂O = (C₁₂H₂₉N₂⁺ • H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
4.9	293.	ES/HPMS	Klassen, Blades, et al., 1995	gas phase; M

C₁₃H₉N^- + Water = C₁₃H₁₁NO^-

By formula: C₁₃H₉N^- + H₂O = C₁₃H₁₁NO^-

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	6.5 ± 1.5	kcal/mol	N/A	Kokubo, Ando, et al., 2004	gas phase; B

C₁₃H₂₂N⁺ + Water = (C₁₃H₂₂N⁺ • Water )

By formula: C₁₃H₂₂N⁺ + H₂O = (C₁₃H₂₂N⁺ • H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bonds with steric hindrance in positive ions

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	12.5	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner M. and Sieck, 1983	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	41.	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner M. and Sieck, 1983	gas phase; M

+ Water = ( • Water )

By formula: Ca⁺ + H₂O = (Ca⁺ • H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	28.	kcal/mol	HPMS	Kochanski and Constantin, 1987	gas phase; M

( • Water ) + Water = ( • 2 Water )

By formula: (Ca⁺ • H₂O) + H₂O = (Ca⁺ • 2H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	24.	kcal/mol	HPMS	Kochanski and Constantin, 1987	gas phase; M

( • 2 Water ) + Water = ( • 3 Water )

By formula: (Ca⁺ • 2H₂O) + H₂O = (Ca⁺ • 3H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	21.5	kcal/mol	HPMS	Kochanski and Constantin, 1987	gas phase; M

( • 3 Water ) + Water = ( • 4 Water )

By formula: (Ca⁺ • 3H₂O) + H₂O = (Ca⁺ • 4H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	18.7	kcal/mol	HPMS	Kochanski and Constantin, 1987	gas phase; M

( • 4 Water ) + Water = ( • 5 Water )

By formula: (Ca⁺ • 4H₂O) + H₂O = (Ca⁺ • 5H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	17.5	kcal/mol	HPMS	Kochanski and Constantin, 1987	gas phase; M

(Ca⁺² • 8 Water ) + Water = (Ca⁺² • 9 Water )

By formula: (Ca⁺² • 8H₂O) + H₂O = (Ca⁺² • 9H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	15. ± 3.	kcal/mol	HPMS	Blades, Jayaweera, et al., 1990	gas phase; electrospray, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	23.	cal/mol*K	N/A	Blades, Jayaweera, et al., 1990	gas phase; electrospray, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
8.0	300.	HPMS	Blades, Jayaweera, et al., 1990	gas phase; electrospray, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

(Ca⁺² • 9 Water ) + Water = (Ca⁺² • 10 Water )

By formula: (Ca⁺² • 9H₂O) + H₂O = (Ca⁺² • 10H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	15. ± 3.	kcal/mol	HPMS	Blades, Jayaweera, et al., 1990	gas phase; electrospray, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	23.	cal/mol*K	N/A	Blades, Jayaweera, et al., 1990	gas phase; electrospray, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
7.7	300.	HPMS	Blades, Jayaweera, et al., 1990	gas phase; electrospray, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

(Ca⁺² • 10 Water ) + Water = (Ca⁺² • 11 Water )

By formula: (Ca⁺² • 10H₂O) + H₂O = (Ca⁺² • 11H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	14. ± 3.	kcal/mol	HPMS	Blades, Jayaweera, et al., 1990	gas phase; electrospray, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	23.	cal/mol*K	N/A	Blades, Jayaweera, et al., 1990	gas phase; electrospray, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
7.2	300.	HPMS	Blades, Jayaweera, et al., 1990	gas phase; electrospray, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

(Ca⁺² • 11 Water ) + Water = (Ca⁺² • 12 Water )

By formula: (Ca⁺² • 11H₂O) + H₂O = (Ca⁺² • 12H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	14. ± 3.	kcal/mol	HPMS	Blades, Jayaweera, et al., 1990	gas phase; electrospray, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	23.	cal/mol*K	N/A	Blades, Jayaweera, et al., 1990	gas phase; electrospray, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
7.0	300.	HPMS	Blades, Jayaweera, et al., 1990	gas phase; electrospray, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

( • ) + Water = ( • Water • )

By formula: (Cl^- • CH₄O) + H₂O = (Cl^- • H₂O • CH₄O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	10.9	kcal/mol	HPMS	Evans and Keesee, 1991	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	16.9	cal/mol*K	HPMS	Evans and Keesee, 1991	gas phase; M

( • 2) + Water = ( • Water • 2)

By formula: (Cl^- • 2CH₄O) + H₂O = (Cl^- • H₂O • 2CH₄O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	7.7	kcal/mol	HPMS	Evans and Keesee, 1991	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	11.	cal/mol*K	HPMS	Evans and Keesee, 1991	gas phase; M

( • ) + Water = ( • Water • )

By formula: (Cl^- • HCl) + H₂O = (Cl^- • H₂O • HCl)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	10.5	kcal/mol	HPMS	Upschulte, Evans, et al., 1986	gas phase; deuterated, quoted in Keesee and Castleman, 1986; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	18.7	cal/mol*K	HPMS	Upschulte, Evans, et al., 1986	gas phase; deuterated, quoted in Keesee and Castleman, 1986; M

( • 2) + Water = ( • Water • 2)

By formula: (Cl^- • 2HCl) + H₂O = (Cl^- • H₂O • 2HCl)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	7.6	kcal/mol	HPMS	Upschulte, Evans, et al., 1986	gas phase; deuterated, quoted in Keesee and Castleman, 1986; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	15.2	cal/mol*K	HPMS	Upschulte, Evans, et al., 1986	gas phase; deuterated, quoted in Keesee and Castleman, 1986; M

+ Water = ( • Water )

By formula: Cl^- + H₂O = (Cl^- • H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	15. ± 5.	kcal/mol	AVG	N/A	Average of 11 values; Individual data points
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	19. ± 3.	cal/mol*K	AVG	N/A	Average of 8 values; Individual data points
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	9. ± 4.	kcal/mol	AVG	N/A	Average of 9 values; Individual data points

( • Water • ) + Water = ( • 2 Water • )

By formula: (Cl^- • H₂O • CH₄O) + H₂O = (Cl^- • 2H₂O • CH₄O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	10.4	kcal/mol	HPMS	Evans and Keesee, 1991	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	15.5	cal/mol*K	HPMS	Evans and Keesee, 1991	gas phase; M

( • Water • ) + Water = ( • 2 Water • )

By formula: (Cl^- • H₂O • HCl) + H₂O = (Cl^- • 2H₂O • HCl)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	9.6	kcal/mol	HPMS	Upschulte, Evans, et al., 1986	gas phase; deuterated, quoted in 86 KEE/CAS; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	20.4	cal/mol*K	HPMS	Upschulte, Evans, et al., 1986	gas phase; deuterated, quoted in 86 KEE/CAS; M

( • Water ) + Water = ( • 2 Water )

By formula: (Cl^- • H₂O) + H₂O = (Cl^- • 2H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	13. ± 1.	kcal/mol	AVG	N/A	Average of 7 values; Individual data points
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	21.4	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Hiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1988	gas phase; M
Δ_rS°	20.5	cal/mol*K	HPMS	Keesee and Castleman, 1980	gas phase; M
Δ_rS°	20.8	cal/mol*K	HPMS	Arshadi, Yamdagni, et al., 1970	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	6.6 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Hiraoka and Mizuse, 1987	gas phase; B
Δ_rG°	6.50	kcal/mol	TDAs	Keesee and Castleman, 1980	gas phase; B
Δ_rG°	6.5 ± 1.4	kcal/mol	TDAs	Payzant, Yamdagni, et al., 1971	gas phase; B
Δ_rG°	6.50	kcal/mol	TDAs	Arshadi, Yamdagni, et al., 1970	gas phase; B
Δ_rG°	6.7	kcal/mol	FA	Fehsenfeld and Ferguson, 1974	gas phase; M

( • 2 Water ) + Water = ( • 3 Water )

By formula: (Cl^- • 2H₂O) + H₂O = (Cl^- • 3H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	12. ± 2.	kcal/mol	AVG	N/A	Average of 7 values; Individual data points
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	22.3	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Hiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1988	gas phase; M
Δ_rS°	22.4	cal/mol*K	HPMS	Keesee and Castleman, 1980	gas phase; M
Δ_rS°	23.2	cal/mol*K	HPMS	Arshadi, Yamdagni, et al., 1970	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	5.0 ± 0.5	kcal/mol	AVG	N/A	Average of 6 values; Individual data points

( • 3 Water ) + Water = ( • 4 Water )

By formula: (Cl^- • 3H₂O) + H₂O = (Cl^- • 4H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	10.6 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Hiraoka and Mizuse, 1987	gas phase; B
Δ_rH°	9.70	kcal/mol	N/A	Markovich, Pollack, et al., 1994	gas phase; For photodissociation plus electron loss. Affinity is difference from lower solvated ion.; B
Δ_rH°	10.6 ± 0.3	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Hiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1988	gas phase; M
Δ_rH°	10.90 ± 0.70	kcal/mol	TDAs	Keesee and Castleman, 1980	gas phase; B,M
Δ_rH°	11.1 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Arshadi, Yamdagni, et al., 1970	gas phase; B,M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	22.7	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Hiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1988	gas phase; M
Δ_rS°	24.8	cal/mol*K	HPMS	Keesee and Castleman, 1980	gas phase; M
Δ_rS°	25.8	cal/mol*K	HPMS	Arshadi, Yamdagni, et al., 1970	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	3.8 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Hiraoka and Mizuse, 1987	gas phase; B
Δ_rG°	3.50	kcal/mol	TDAs	Keesee and Castleman, 1980	gas phase; B
Δ_rG°	3.40	kcal/mol	TDAs	Arshadi, Yamdagni, et al., 1970	gas phase; B
Δ_rG°	4.0 ± 2.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Kebarle, Arshadi, et al., 1968	gas phase; B,M

( • 4 Water ) + Water = ( • 5 Water )

By formula: (Cl^- • 4H₂O) + H₂O = (Cl^- • 5H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	9.5 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Hiraoka and Mizuse, 1987	gas phase; B
Δ_rH°	6.70	kcal/mol	N/A	Markovich, Pollack, et al., 1994	gas phase; For photodissociation plus electron loss. Affinity is difference from lower solvated ion.; B
Δ_rH°	9.5 ± 0.3	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Hiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1988	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	21.7	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Hiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1988	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	3.0 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Hiraoka and Mizuse, 1987	gas phase; B
Δ_rG°	2.9 ± 2.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Kebarle, Arshadi, et al., 1968	gas phase; B,M

( • 5 Water ) + Water = ( • 6 Water )

By formula: (Cl^- • 5H₂O) + H₂O = (Cl^- • 6H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	8.8 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Hiraoka and Mizuse, 1987	gas phase; B
Δ_rH°	8.50	kcal/mol	N/A	Markovich, Pollack, et al., 1994	gas phase; For photodissociation plus electron loss. Affinity is difference from lower solvated ion.; B
Δ_rH°	8.8 ± 0.4	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Hiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1988	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	21.2	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Hiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1988	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	2.4 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Hiraoka and Mizuse, 1987	gas phase; B

( • 6 Water ) + Water = ( • 7 Water )

By formula: (Cl^- • 6H₂O) + H₂O = (Cl^- • 7H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	8.1 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Hiraoka and Mizuse, 1987	gas phase; Estimated entropy; single temperature measurement; B
Δ_rH°	6.90	kcal/mol	N/A	Markovich, Pollack, et al., 1994	gas phase; For photodissociation plus electron loss. Affinity is difference from lower solvated ion.; B
Δ_rH°	8.1	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Hiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1988	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	20.	cal/mol*K	N/A	Hiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1988	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	2.1 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Hiraoka and Mizuse, 1987	gas phase; Estimated entropy; single temperature measurement; B

( • Water • ) + Water = ( • 2 Water • )

By formula: (Cl^- • H₂O • O₂S) + H₂O = (Cl^- • 2H₂O • O₂S)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	9.30	kcal/mol	TDAs	Upschulte, Schelling, et al., 1984	gas phase; B,M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	19.7	cal/mol*K	HPMS	Upschulte, Schelling, et al., 1984	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	3.40	kcal/mol	TDAs	Upschulte, Schelling, et al., 1984	gas phase; B

( • ) + Water = ( • Water • )

By formula: (Cl^- • O₂S) + H₂O = (Cl^- • H₂O • O₂S)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	10.40	kcal/mol	TDAs	Upschulte, Schelling, et al., 1984	gas phase; B,M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	19.4	cal/mol*K	HPMS	Upschulte, Schelling, et al., 1984	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	4.60	kcal/mol	TDAs	Upschulte, Schelling, et al., 1984	gas phase; B

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
5.5	296.	FA	Fehsenfeld and Ferguson, 1974	gas phase; From thermochemical cycle,switching reaction(H2O/SO2); M

( • 2) + Water = ( • Water • 2)

By formula: (Cl^- • 2O₂S) + H₂O = (Cl^- • H₂O • 2O₂S)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	9.90	kcal/mol	TDAs	Upschulte, Schelling, et al., 1984	gas phase; B,M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	22.7	cal/mol*K	HPMS	Upschulte, Schelling, et al., 1984	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	3.10	kcal/mol	TDAs	Upschulte, Schelling, et al., 1984	gas phase; B

ClO₂^- + Water = (ClO₂^- • Water )

By formula: ClO₂^- + H₂O = (ClO₂^- • H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	15.20 ± 0.50	kcal/mol	Ther	Tschurl and Boesl, 2007	gas phase; affinity is difference from ClO2- EA, corrected for calculated neutral BE of 0.09 eV; B
Δ_rH°	16.0 ± 1.5	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; T: 293 K. ΔSaff approx. 24 cal/mol-K; B
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	9.00 ± 0.30	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; T: 293 K. ΔSaff approx. 24 cal/mol-K; B,M

(ClO₂^- • Water ) + Water = (ClO₂^- • 2 Water )

By formula: (ClO₂^- • H₂O) + H₂O = (ClO₂^- • 2H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	13.1 ± 1.5	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; T: 293 K. ΔSaff approx. 24 cal/mol-K; B
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	6.10 ± 0.30	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; T: 293 K. ΔSaff approx. 24 cal/mol-K; B,M

(ClO₂^- • 2 Water ) + Water = (ClO₂^- • 3 Water )

By formula: (ClO₂^- • 2H₂O) + H₂O = (ClO₂^- • 3H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	11.8 ± 1.5	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; T: 293 K. ΔSaff approx. 24 cal/mol-K; B
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	4.80 ± 0.30	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; T: 293 K. ΔSaff approx. 24 cal/mol-K; B,M

ClO₃^- + Water = (ClO₃^- • Water )

By formula: ClO₃^- + H₂O = (ClO₃^- • H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	13.2 ± 1.5	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; T: 293 K. ΔSaff approx. 24 cal/mol-K; B
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	6.20 ± 0.30	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; T: 293 K. ΔSaff approx. 24 cal/mol-K; B

(ClO₃^- • Water ) + Water = (ClO₃^- • 2 Water )

By formula: (ClO₃^- • H₂O) + H₂O = (ClO₃^- • 2H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	11.7 ± 1.5	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; T: 293 K. ΔSaff approx. 24 cal/mol-K; B
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	4.70 ± 0.30	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; T: 293 K. ΔSaff approx. 24 cal/mol-K; B

ClO₃^- + Water = (ClO₃^- • Water )

By formula: ClO₃^- + H₂O = (ClO₃^- • H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	6.2	kcal/mol	ES/HPMS	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; M

(ClO₃^- • Water ) + Water = (ClO₃^- • 2 Water )

By formula: (ClO₃^- • H₂O) + H₂O = (ClO₃^- • 2H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	4.7	kcal/mol	ES/HPMS	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; M

ClO₄^- + Water = (ClO₄^- • Water )

By formula: ClO₄^- + H₂O = (ClO₄^- • H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	11.8 ± 1.5	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; T: 293 K. ΔSaff approx. 24 cal/mol-K; B
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	4.80 ± 0.30	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; T: 293 K. ΔSaff approx. 24 cal/mol-K; B,M

+ Water = ( • Water )

By formula: Co⁺ + H₂O = (Co⁺ • H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	37. ± 3.	kcal/mol	CID	Magnera, David, et al., 1989	gas phase; M
Δ_rH°	40.1	kcal/mol	CID	Marinelli and Squires, 1989	gas phase; M

Enthalpy of reaction

Δ_rH° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
38.5 (+1.4,-0.)		CID	Armentrout and Kickel, 1994	gas phase; guided ion beam CID; M

( • Water ) + Water = ( • 2 Water )

By formula: (Co⁺ • H₂O) + H₂O = (Co⁺ • 2H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	41.9	kcal/mol	CID	Marinelli and Squires, 1989	gas phase; M

Enthalpy of reaction

Δ_rH° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
38.7 (+1.7,-0.)		CID	Armentrout and Kickel, 1994	gas phase; guided ion beam CID; M

( • 2 Water ) + Water = ( • 3 Water )

By formula: (Co⁺ • 2H₂O) + H₂O = (Co⁺ • 3H₂O)

Enthalpy of reaction

Δ_rH° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
15.5 (+1.2,-0.)		CID	Armentrout and Kickel, 1994	gas phase; guided ion beam CID; M

( • 3 Water ) + Water = ( • 4 Water )

By formula: (Co⁺ • 3H₂O) + H₂O = (Co⁺ • 4H₂O)

Enthalpy of reaction

Δ_rH° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
13.9 (+1.4,-0.)		CID	Armentrout and Kickel, 1994	gas phase; guided ion beam CID; M

(Co⁺² • 9 Water ) + Water = (Co⁺² • 10 Water )

By formula: (Co⁺² • 9H₂O) + H₂O = (Co⁺² • 10H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	15. ± 3.	kcal/mol	HPMS	Blades, Jayaweera, et al., 1990	gas phase; electrospray, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	23.	cal/mol*K	N/A	Blades, Jayaweera, et al., 1990	gas phase; electrospray, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
8.5	300.	HPMS	Blades, Jayaweera, et al., 1990	gas phase; electrospray, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

(Co⁺² • 10 Water ) + Water = (Co⁺² • 11 Water )

By formula: (Co⁺² • 10H₂O) + H₂O = (Co⁺² • 11H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	15. ± 3.	kcal/mol	HPMS	Blades, Jayaweera, et al., 1990	gas phase; electrospray, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	23.	cal/mol*K	N/A	Blades, Jayaweera, et al., 1990	gas phase; electrospray, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
7.7	300.	HPMS	Blades, Jayaweera, et al., 1990	gas phase; electrospray, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

(Co⁺² • 11 Water ) + Water = (Co⁺² • 12 Water )

By formula: (Co⁺² • 11H₂O) + H₂O = (Co⁺² • 12H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	14. ± 3.	kcal/mol	HPMS	Blades, Jayaweera, et al., 1990	gas phase; electrospray, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	23.	cal/mol*K	N/A	Blades, Jayaweera, et al., 1990	gas phase; electrospray, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
7.3	300.	HPMS	Blades, Jayaweera, et al., 1990	gas phase; electrospray, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

+ Water = ( • Water )

By formula: Cr⁺ + H₂O = (Cr⁺ • H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	29. ± 3.	kcal/mol	CID	Magnera, David, et al., 1989	gas phase; M
Δ_rH°	21.9	kcal/mol	CID	Marinelli and Squires, 1989	gas phase; M

Enthalpy of reaction

Δ_rH° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
30.8 (+2.2,-0.)		CID	Armentrout and Kickel, 1994	gas phase; guided ion beam CID; M

( • Water ) + Water = ( • 2 Water )

By formula: (Cr⁺ • H₂O) + H₂O = (Cr⁺ • 2H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	29.5	kcal/mol	CID	Marinelli and Squires, 1989	gas phase; M

Enthalpy of reaction

Δ_rH° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
33.9 (+1.4,-0.)		CID	Armentrout and Kickel, 1994	gas phase; guided ion beam CID; M

( • 2 Water ) + Water = ( • 3 Water )

By formula: (Cr⁺ • 2H₂O) + H₂O = (Cr⁺ • 3H₂O)

Enthalpy of reaction

Δ_rH° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
12. (+12.,-0.)		CID	Armentrout and Kickel, 1994	gas phase; guided ion beam CID; M

( • 3 Water ) + Water = ( • 4 Water )

By formula: (Cr⁺ • 3H₂O) + H₂O = (Cr⁺ • 4H₂O)

Enthalpy of reaction

Δ_rH° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
12.2 (+1.7,-0.)		CID	Armentrout and Kickel, 1994	gas phase; guided ion beam CID; M

+ Water = ( • Water )

By formula: Cs⁺ + H₂O = (Cs⁺ • H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	11.9	kcal/mol	DT	McKnight and Sawina, 1972	gas phase; Entropy change is questionable; M
Δ_rH°	13.7	kcal/mol	HPMS	Dzidic and Kebarle, 1970	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	14.3	cal/mol*K	DT	McKnight and Sawina, 1972	gas phase; Entropy change is questionable; M
Δ_rS°	19.4	cal/mol*K	HPMS	Dzidic and Kebarle, 1970	gas phase; M

( • Water ) + Water = ( • 2 Water )

By formula: (Cs⁺ • H₂O) + H₂O = (Cs⁺ • 2H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	11.3	kcal/mol	DT	McKnight and Sawina, 1972	gas phase; Entropy change is questionable; M
Δ_rH°	12.5	kcal/mol	HPMS	Dzidic and Kebarle, 1970	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	16.6	cal/mol*K	DT	McKnight and Sawina, 1972	gas phase; Entropy change is questionable; M
Δ_rS°	22.2	cal/mol*K	HPMS	Dzidic and Kebarle, 1970	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	6.0	kcal/mol	HPMS	Banic and Iribarne, 1985	gas phase; electric fields; M

( • 2 Water ) + Water = ( • 3 Water )

By formula: (Cs⁺ • 2H₂O) + H₂O = (Cs⁺ • 3H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	9.7	kcal/mol	DT	McKnight and Sawina, 1972	gas phase; Entropy change is questionable; M
Δ_rH°	11.2	kcal/mol	HPMS	Dzidic and Kebarle, 1970	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	16.6	cal/mol*K	DT	McKnight and Sawina, 1972	gas phase; Entropy change is questionable; M
Δ_rS°	23.7	cal/mol*K	HPMS	Dzidic and Kebarle, 1970	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	4.8	kcal/mol	HPMS	Banic and Iribarne, 1985	gas phase; From thermochemical cycle,switching reaction, electric fields; M

( • 3 Water ) + Water = ( • 4 Water )

By formula: (Cs⁺ • 3H₂O) + H₂O = (Cs⁺ • 4H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	10.6	kcal/mol	HPMS	Dzidic and Kebarle, 1970	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	25.4	cal/mol*K	HPMS	Dzidic and Kebarle, 1970	gas phase; M

( • Water • ) + Water = ( • 2 Water • )

By formula: (Cs⁺ • H₂O • O₂S) + H₂O = (Cs⁺ • 2H₂O • O₂S)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	5.3	kcal/mol	HPMS	Banic and Iribarne, 1985	gas phase; electeric fields; M

+ Water = ( • Water )

By formula: Cu⁺ + H₂O = (Cu⁺ • H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	11.9	kcal/mol	HPMS	El-Shall, Schriver, et al., 1989	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated, Cu+ from laser desorption; M
Δ_rH°	35. ± 3.	kcal/mol	CID	Magnera, David, et al., 1989	gas phase; M
Δ_rH°	35. ± 3.	kcal/mol	CID	Magnera, David, et al., 1989, 2	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	25.	cal/mol*K	N/A	El-Shall, Schriver, et al., 1989	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated, Cu+ from laser desorption; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	4.4	kcal/mol	HPMS	El-Shall, Schriver, et al., 1989	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated, Cu+ from laser desorption; M

Enthalpy of reaction

Δ_rH° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
37.5 (+1.9,-0.)		CID	Armentrout and Kickel, 1994	gas phase; guided ion beam CID; M

( • Water ) + Water = ( • 2 Water )

By formula: (Cu⁺ • H₂O) + H₂O = (Cu⁺ • 2H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	13.9	kcal/mol	HPMS	El-Shall, Schriver, et al., 1989	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated, Cu+ from laser desorption; M
Δ_rH°	39. ± 3.	kcal/mol	CID	Magnera, David, et al., 1989, 2	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	25.	cal/mol*K	N/A	El-Shall, Schriver, et al., 1989	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated, Cu+ from laser desorption; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	6.4	kcal/mol	HPMS	El-Shall, Schriver, et al., 1989	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated, Cu+ from laser desorption; M

Enthalpy of reaction

Δ_rH° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
40.6 (+1.7,-0.)		CID	Armentrout and Kickel, 1994	gas phase; guided ion beam CID; M

( • 2 Water ) + Water = ( • 3 Water )

By formula: (Cu⁺ • 2H₂O) + H₂O = (Cu⁺ • 3H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	17. ± 3.	kcal/mol	CID	Magnera, David, et al., 1989, 2	gas phase; M
Δ_rH°	16.4	kcal/mol	HPMS	Holland and Castleman, 1982	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	23.9	cal/mol*K	HPMS	Holland and Castleman, 1982	gas phase; M

Enthalpy of reaction

Δ_rH° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
13.6 (+1.9,-0.)		CID	Armentrout and Kickel, 1994	gas phase; guided ion beam CID; M

( • 3 Water ) + Water = ( • 4 Water )

By formula: (Cu⁺ • 3H₂O) + H₂O = (Cu⁺ • 4H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	15. ± 3.	kcal/mol	CID	Magnera, David, et al., 1989, 2	gas phase; M
Δ_rH°	16.7	kcal/mol	HPMS	Holland and Castleman, 1982	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	30.2	cal/mol*K	HPMS	Holland and Castleman, 1982	gas phase; M

Enthalpy of reaction

Δ_rH° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
12.9 (+1.0,-0.)		CID	Armentrout and Kickel, 1994	gas phase; guided ion beam CID; M

( • 4 Water ) + Water = ( • 5 Water )

By formula: (Cu⁺ • 4H₂O) + H₂O = (Cu⁺ • 5H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	14.0	kcal/mol	HPMS	Holland and Castleman, 1982	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	29.1	cal/mol*K	HPMS	Holland and Castleman, 1982	gas phase; M

+ Water = ( • Water )

By formula: F^- + H₂O = (F^- • H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	27.40 ± 0.50	kcal/mol	TDAs	Weis, Kemper, et al., 1999	gas phase; B
Δ_rH°	23.30	kcal/mol	TDAs	Arshadi, Yamdagni, et al., 1970	gas phase; B,M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	17.4	cal/mol*K	HPMS	Arshadi, Yamdagni, et al., 1970	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	21.90 ± 0.50	kcal/mol	TDAs	Weis, Kemper, et al., 1999	gas phase; B
Δ_rG°	18.1 ± 2.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Arshadi, Yamdagni, et al., 1970	gas phase; B

( • Water ) + Water = ( • 2 Water )

By formula: (F^- • H₂O) + H₂O = (F^- • 2H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	19.20 ± 0.50	kcal/mol	TDAs	Hiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1988	gas phase; Stated electron affinity is the Vertical Detachment Energy; B,M
Δ_rH°	16.6 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Payzant, Yamdagni, et al., 1971	gas phase; B
Δ_rH°	16.6 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Arshadi, Yamdagni, et al., 1970	gas phase; B,M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	22.2	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Hiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1988	gas phase; M
Δ_rS°	18.7	cal/mol*K	HPMS	Arshadi, Yamdagni, et al., 1970	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	12.5 ± 1.6	kcal/mol	TDAs	Hiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1988	gas phase; Stated electron affinity is the Vertical Detachment Energy; B
Δ_rG°	11.0 ± 1.4	kcal/mol	TDAs	Payzant, Yamdagni, et al., 1971	gas phase; B
Δ_rG°	11.00	kcal/mol	TDAs	Arshadi, Yamdagni, et al., 1970	gas phase; B

( • 2 Water ) + Water = ( • 3 Water )

By formula: (F^- • 2H₂O) + H₂O = (F^- • 3H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	15.30 ± 0.40	kcal/mol	TDAs	Hiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1988	gas phase; B,M
Δ_rH°	13.7 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Payzant, Yamdagni, et al., 1971	gas phase; B
Δ_rH°	13.7 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Arshadi, Yamdagni, et al., 1970	gas phase; B,M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	22.9	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Hiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1988	gas phase; M
Δ_rS°	20.4	cal/mol*K	HPMS	Arshadi, Yamdagni, et al., 1970	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	8.4 ± 1.3	kcal/mol	TDAs	Hiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1988	gas phase; B
Δ_rG°	7.6 ± 1.4	kcal/mol	TDAs	Payzant, Yamdagni, et al., 1971	gas phase; B
Δ_rG°	7.60	kcal/mol	TDAs	Arshadi, Yamdagni, et al., 1970	gas phase; B

( • 3 Water ) + Water = ( • 4 Water )

By formula: (F^- • 3H₂O) + H₂O = (F^- • 4H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	13.90 ± 0.40	kcal/mol	TDAs	Hiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1988	gas phase; B,M
Δ_rH°	13.5 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Arshadi, Yamdagni, et al., 1970	gas phase; B,M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	26.6	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Hiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1988	gas phase; M
Δ_rS°	26.9	cal/mol*K	HPMS	Arshadi, Yamdagni, et al., 1970	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	5.9 ± 1.3	kcal/mol	TDAs	Hiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1988	gas phase; B
Δ_rG°	5.50	kcal/mol	TDAs	Arshadi, Yamdagni, et al., 1970	gas phase; B
Δ_rG°	6.1 ± 2.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Kebarle, Arshadi, et al., 1968	gas phase; B,M

( • 4 Water ) + Water = ( • 5 Water )

By formula: (F^- • 4H₂O) + H₂O = (F^- • 5H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	12.30 ± 0.40	kcal/mol	TDAs	Hiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1988	gas phase; B,M
Δ_rH°	13.2 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Arshadi, Yamdagni, et al., 1970	gas phase; B,M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	26.0	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Hiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1988	gas phase; M
Δ_rS°	30.7	cal/mol*K	HPMS	Arshadi, Yamdagni, et al., 1970	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	4.5 ± 1.3	kcal/mol	TDAs	Hiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1988	gas phase; B
Δ_rG°	7.10	kcal/mol	TDAs	Arshadi, Yamdagni, et al., 1970	gas phase; B
Δ_rG°	4.6 ± 2.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Kebarle, Arshadi, et al., 1968	gas phase; B,M

( • 5 Water ) + Water = ( • 6 Water )

By formula: (F^- • 5H₂O) + H₂O = (F^- • 6H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	10.90 ± 0.30	kcal/mol	TDAs	Hiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1988	gas phase; B,M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	24.8	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Hiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1988	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	3.5 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Hiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1988	gas phase; B

( • 6 Water ) + Water = ( • 7 Water )

By formula: (F^- • 6H₂O) + H₂O = (F^- • 7H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	10.40 ± 0.30	kcal/mol	TDAs	Hiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1988	gas phase; B,M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	26.0	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Hiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1988	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	2.6 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Hiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1988	gas phase; B

( • 7 Water ) + Water = ( • 8 Water )

By formula: (F^- • 7H₂O) + H₂O = (F^- • 8H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	11.20 ± 0.40	kcal/mol	TDAs	Hiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1988	gas phase; B,M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	31.2	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Hiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1988	gas phase; 0.4; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	1.8 ± 1.6	kcal/mol	TDAs	Hiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1988	gas phase; B

( • 8 Water ) + Water = ( • 9 Water )

By formula: (F^- • 8H₂O) + H₂O = (F^- • 9H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	11.10 ± 0.50	kcal/mol	TDAs	Hiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1988	gas phase; B,M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	32.8	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Hiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1988	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	1.3 ± 2.1	kcal/mol	TDAs	Hiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1988	gas phase; B

( • 9 Water ) + Water = ( • 10 Water )

By formula: (F^- • 9H₂O) + H₂O = (F^- • 10H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	11.00	kcal/mol	TDAs	Hiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1988	gas phase; Entropy estimated; B,M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	33.	cal/mol*K	N/A	Hiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1988	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	1.10	kcal/mol	TDAs	Hiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1988	gas phase; Entropy estimated; B

+ Water = ( • Water )

By formula: Fe⁺ + H₂O = (Fe⁺ • H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	29. ± 3.	kcal/mol	CID	Magnera, David, et al., 1989	gas phase; M
Δ_rH°	32.8	kcal/mol	CID	Marinelli and Squires, 1989	gas phase; M

Enthalpy of reaction

Δ_rH° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
30.6 (+1.2,-0.)		CID	Armentrout and Kickel, 1994	gas phase; guided ion beam CID; M

( • Water ) + Water = ( • 2 Water )

By formula: (Fe⁺ • H₂O) + H₂O = (Fe⁺ • 2H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	40.8	kcal/mol	CID	Marinelli and Squires, 1989	gas phase; M

Enthalpy of reaction

Δ_rH° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
39.2 (+1.0,-0.)		CID	Armentrout and Kickel, 1994	gas phase; guided ion beam CID; M

( • 2 Water ) + Water = ( • 3 Water )

By formula: (Fe⁺ • 2H₂O) + H₂O = (Fe⁺ • 3H₂O)

Enthalpy of reaction

Δ_rH° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
18.2 (+1.0,-0.)		CID	Armentrout and Kickel, 1994	gas phase; guided ion beam CID; M

( • 3 Water ) + Water = ( • 4 Water )

By formula: (Fe⁺ • 3H₂O) + H₂O = (Fe⁺ • 4H₂O)

Enthalpy of reaction

Δ_rH° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
19.6 (+1.7,-0.)		CID	Armentrout and Kickel, 1994	gas phase; guided ion beam CID; M

+ Water = ( • Water )

By formula: H^- + H₂O = (H^- • H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	17.7 ± 2.0	kcal/mol	N/A	Miller, Leopold, et al., 1985	gas phase; EA given is Vertical Detachment Energy. Est. Adiabatic: 1.40 eV, 32.3 kcal/mol; B
Δ_rH°	17.3 ± 3.5	kcal/mol	Ther	Paulson and Henchman, 1984	gas phase; HOH..HO^- + H₂ ->. See also Griffiths and Harris, 1989; B,M
Δ_rH°	13.80	kcal/mol	CIDT	Paulson and Henchman, 1982	gas phase; B

HCaO⁺ + Water = (HCaO⁺ • Water )

By formula: HCaO⁺ + H₂O = (HCaO⁺ • H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	34.4	kcal/mol	MS	Burdett and Hayhurst, 1982	gas phase; flame source, about 1600 K; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	21.5	cal/mol*K	MS	Burdett and Hayhurst, 1982	gas phase; flame source, about 1600 K; M

HO^- + Water = (HO^- • Water )

By formula: HO^- + H₂O = (HO^- • H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	28. ± 7.	kcal/mol	AVG	N/A	Average of 6 values; Individual data points
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	19.2 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Paul and Kebarle, 1990	gas phase; B
Δ_rG°	20.1 ± 1.6	kcal/mol	TDEq	Meot-Ner and Sieck, 1986	gas phase; B
Δ_rG°	20.0 ± 1.4	kcal/mol	TDAs	Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Speller, 1986	gas phase; B
Δ_rG°	18.60	kcal/mol	TDAs	Payzant, Yamdagni, et al., 1971	gas phase; B

(HO^- • Water ) + Water = (HO^- • 2 Water )

By formula: (HO^- • H₂O) + H₂O = (HO^- • 2H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	17.6 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Speller, 1986	gas phase; B
Δ_rH°	17.9 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Payzant, Yamdagni, et al., 1971	gas phase; B
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	11.2 ± 1.4	kcal/mol	TDAs	Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Speller, 1986	gas phase; B
Δ_rG°	11.60	kcal/mol	TDAs	Payzant, Yamdagni, et al., 1971	gas phase; B

(HO^- • 2 Water ) + Water = (HO^- • 3 Water )

By formula: (HO^- • 2H₂O) + H₂O = (HO^- • 3H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	15.1 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Payzant, Yamdagni, et al., 1971	gas phase; B
Δ_rH°	16.2 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	N/A	Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Speller, 1986	gas phase; B
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	9.0 ± 1.4	kcal/mol	TDAs	Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Speller, 1986	gas phase; B

(HO^- • 3 Water ) + Water = (HO^- • 4 Water )

By formula: (HO^- • 3H₂O) + H₂O = (HO^- • 4H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	12.00	kcal/mol	N/A	Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Speller, 1986	gas phase; B
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	5.7 ± 1.4	kcal/mol	N/A	Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Speller, 1986	gas phase; B

(HO^- • 4 Water ) + Water = (HO^- • 5 Water )

By formula: (HO^- • 4H₂O) + H₂O = (HO^- • 5H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	11.50	kcal/mol	N/A	Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Speller, 1986	gas phase; B
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	4.3 ± 1.4	kcal/mol	N/A	Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Speller, 1986	gas phase; B

(HO^- • 5 Water ) + Water = (HO^- • 6 Water )

By formula: (HO^- • 5H₂O) + H₂O = (HO^- • 6H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	11.20	kcal/mol	N/A	Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Speller, 1986	gas phase; B
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	4.2 ± 1.4	kcal/mol	N/A	Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Speller, 1986	gas phase; B

(HO^- • 6 Water ) + Water = (HO^- • 7 Water )

By formula: (HO^- • 6H₂O) + H₂O = (HO^- • 7H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	10.40	kcal/mol	N/A	Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Speller, 1986	gas phase; B
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	3.2 ± 1.4	kcal/mol	N/A	Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Speller, 1986	gas phase; B

(HO^- • 7 Water ) + Water = (HO^- • 8 Water )

By formula: (HO^- • 7H₂O) + H₂O = (HO^- • 8H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	9.8 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Speller, 1986	gas phase; Entropy estimated; B
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	2.6 ± 1.4	kcal/mol	TDAs	Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Speller, 1986	gas phase; Entropy estimated; B

+ Water = ( • Water )

By formula: HO^- + H₂O = (HO^- • H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	27.0 ± 0.9	kcal/mol	AVG	N/A	Average of 3 out of 7 values; Individual data points
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	28.1	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Paul and Kebarle, 1990	gas phase; M
Δ_rS°	21.8	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Speller, 1986	gas phase; deuterated; M
Δ_rS°	20.8	cal/mol*K	HPMS	Payzant, Yamdagni, et al., 1971	gas phase; M
Δ_rS°	19.1	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Arshadi and Kebarle, 1970	gas phase; deuterated; M

( • Water ) + Water = ( • 2 Water )

By formula: (HO^- • H₂O) + H₂O = (HO^- • 2H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	17.6	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Speller, 1986	gas phase; deuterated; M
Δ_rH°	18.	kcal/mol	CID	Hierl and Paulson, 1984	gas phase; M
Δ_rH°	17.9	kcal/mol	HPMS	Payzant, Yamdagni, et al., 1971	gas phase; M
Δ_rH°	16.4	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Arshadi and Kebarle, 1970	gas phase; deuterated; M
Δ_rH°	23.	kcal/mol	CID	DePaz, Giardini, et al., 1970	gas phase; deuterated; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	21.4	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Speller, 1986	gas phase; deuterated; M
Δ_rS°	21.2	cal/mol*K	HPMS	Payzant, Yamdagni, et al., 1971	gas phase; M
Δ_rS°	19.3	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Arshadi and Kebarle, 1970	gas phase; deuterated; M

( • 2 Water ) + Water = ( • 3 Water )

By formula: (HO^- • 2H₂O) + H₂O = (HO^- • 3H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	16.2	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Speller, 1986	gas phase; deuterated; M
Δ_rH°	15.1	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Arshadi and Kebarle, 1970	gas phase; deuterated; M
Δ_rH°	18.	kcal/mol	CID	DePaz, Giardini, et al., 1970	gas phase; deuterated; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	24.1	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Speller, 1986	gas phase; deuterated; M
Δ_rS°	24.8	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Arshadi and Kebarle, 1970	gas phase; deuterated; M

( • 3 Water ) + Water = ( • 4 Water )

By formula: (HO^- • 3H₂O) + H₂O = (HO^- • 4H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	12.0	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Speller, 1986	gas phase; deuterated; M
Δ_rH°	14.2	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Arshadi and Kebarle, 1970	gas phase; deuterated; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	21.1	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Speller, 1986	gas phase; deuterated; M
Δ_rS°	29.5	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Arshadi and Kebarle, 1970	gas phase; deuterated; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	5.6	kcal/mol	FA	Fehsenfeld and Ferguson, 1974	gas phase; M

( • 4 Water ) + Water = ( • 5 Water )

By formula: (HO^- • 4H₂O) + H₂O = (HO^- • 5H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	11.5	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Speller, 1986	gas phase; deuterated; M
Δ_rH°	14.1	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Arshadi and Kebarle, 1970	gas phase; deuterated; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	24.1	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Speller, 1986	gas phase; deuterated; M
Δ_rS°	33.2	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Arshadi and Kebarle, 1970	gas phase; deuterated; M

( • 5 Water ) + Water = ( • 6 Water )

By formula: (HO^- • 5H₂O) + H₂O = (HO^- • 6H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	11.2	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Speller, 1986	gas phase; deuterated; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	23.2	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Speller, 1986	gas phase; deuterated; M

( • 6 Water ) + Water = ( • 7 Water )

By formula: (HO^- • 6H₂O) + H₂O = (HO^- • 7H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	10.4	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Speller, 1986	gas phase; deuterated; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	23.9	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Speller, 1986	gas phase; deuterated; M

( • 7 Water ) + Water = ( • 8 Water )

By formula: (HO^- • 7H₂O) + H₂O = (HO^- • 8H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	9.8	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Speller, 1986	gas phase; deuterated; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	24.	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Speller, 1986	gas phase; deuterated; M

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
3.9	245.	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Speller, 1986	gas phase; deuterated; M

HOSr⁺ + Water = (HOSr⁺ • Water )

By formula: HOSr⁺ + H₂O = (HOSr⁺ • H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	29.9	kcal/mol	MS	Burdett and Hayhurst, 1982	gas phase; flame source, about 1600 K; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	21.5	cal/mol*K	MS	Burdett and Hayhurst, 1982	gas phase; flame source, about 1600 K; M

(HO₄S^- • ) + Water = (HO₄S^- • Water • )

By formula: (HO₄S^- • HNO₃) + H₂O = (HO₄S^- • H₂O • HNO₃)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	13.0	kcal/mol	ATM	Arnold, Viggiano, et al., 1982	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	25.	cal/mol*K	N/A	Arnold, Viggiano, et al., 1982	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
7.2	233.	ATM	Arnold, Viggiano, et al., 1982	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

HO₄S^- + Water = (HO₄S^- • Water )

By formula: HO₄S^- + H₂O = (HO₄S^- • H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	5.90 ± 0.30	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; T: 293 K. ΔSaff approx. 24 cal/mol-K; B,M

(HO₄S^- • Water ) + Water = (HO₄S^- • 2 Water )

By formula: (HO₄S^- • H₂O) + H₂O = (HO₄S^- • 2H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	11.7 ± 1.5	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; T: 293 K. ΔSaff approx. 24 cal/mol-K; B
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	4.70 ± 0.30	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; T: 293 K. ΔSaff approx. 24 cal/mol-K; B,M

(HO₄S^- • Water • 3) + Water = (HO₄S^- • 2 Water • 3)

By formula: (HO₄S^- • H₂O • 3H₂O₄S) + H₂O = (HO₄S^- • 2H₂O • 3H₂O₄S)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	13.0	kcal/mol	ATM	Arnold, Viggiano, et al., 1982	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	25.	cal/mol*K	N/A	Arnold, Viggiano, et al., 1982	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
7.2	233.	ATM	Arnold, Viggiano, et al., 1982	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

(HO₄S^- • 2) + Water = (HO₄S^- • Water • 2)

By formula: (HO₄S^- • 2H₂O₄S) + H₂O = (HO₄S^- • H₂O • 2H₂O₄S)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	12.1	kcal/mol	ATM	Arnold, Viggiano, et al., 1982	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	25.	cal/mol*K	N/A	Arnold, Viggiano, et al., 1982	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
6.3	233.	ATM	Arnold, Viggiano, et al., 1982	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

(HO₄S^- • 3) + Water = (HO₄S^- • Water • 3)

By formula: (HO₄S^- • 3H₂O₄S) + H₂O = (HO₄S^- • H₂O • 3H₂O₄S)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	13.8	kcal/mol	ATM	Arnold, Viggiano, et al., 1982	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	25.	cal/mol*K	N/A	Arnold, Viggiano, et al., 1982	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
8.0	233.	ATM	Arnold, Viggiano, et al., 1982	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

(HO₄S^- • 4) + Water = (HO₄S^- • Water • 4)

By formula: (HO₄S^- • 4H₂O₄S) + H₂O = (HO₄S^- • H₂O • 4H₂O₄S)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	13.9	kcal/mol	ATM	Arnold, Viggiano, et al., 1982	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	25.	cal/mol*K	N/A	Arnold, Viggiano, et al., 1982	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
8.1	233.	ATM	Arnold, Viggiano, et al., 1982	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

HS^- + Water = (HS^- • Water )

By formula: HS^- + H₂O = (HS^- • H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	14.2 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Meot-ner, 1988, 2	gas phase; B,M
Δ_rH°	14.2	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Sieck and Meot-ner, 1989	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	18.7	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Sieck and Meot-ner, 1989	gas phase; M
Δ_rS°	18.7	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-ner, 1988, 2	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	8.6 ± 2.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Meot-ner, 1988, 2	gas phase; B

(HS^- • Water ) + Water = (HS^- • 2 Water )

By formula: (HS^- • H₂O) + H₂O = (HS^- • 2H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	12.6	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Sieck and Meot-ner, 1989	gas phase; M
Δ_rH°	12.6	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-ner, 1988, 2	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	20.4	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Sieck and Meot-ner, 1989	gas phase; M
Δ_rS°	20.4	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-ner, 1988, 2	gas phase; M

(HS^- • 2 Water ) + Water = (HS^- • 3 Water )

By formula: (HS^- • 2H₂O) + H₂O = (HS^- • 3H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	11.7	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Sieck and Meot-ner, 1989	gas phase; M
Δ_rH°	11.7	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-ner, 1988, 2	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	23.5	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Sieck and Meot-ner, 1989	gas phase; M
Δ_rS°	23.5	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-ner, 1988, 2	gas phase; M

H₂BrO₄^- + 2 Water = H₄BrO₅^-

By formula: H₂BrO₄^- + 2H₂O = H₄BrO₅^-

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	12.0 ± 1.5	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; T: 293 K. ΔSaff approx. 24 cal/mol-K; B
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	5.00 ± 0.30	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; T: 293 K. ΔSaff approx. 24 cal/mol-K; B

H₂IO₄^- + 2 Water = H₄IO₅^-

By formula: H₂IO₄^- + 2H₂O = H₄IO₅^-

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	12.0 ± 1.5	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; T: 293 K. ΔSaff approx. 24 cal/mol-K; B
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	5.00 ± 0.30	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; T: 293 K. ΔSaff approx. 24 cal/mol-K; B

H₂N₃O^- + 2 Water = H₄N₃O₂^-

By formula: H₂N₃O^- + 2H₂O = H₄N₃O₂^-

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	10. ± 93.	kcal/mol	N/A	Yang, Kiran, et al., 2004	gas phase; Affinity: EA change (H2O)n-1..N3- ion. Vertical Detachment Energy: 3.78±0.06 eV; B

H₂O⁺ + Water = (H₂O⁺ • Water )

By formula: H₂O⁺ + H₂O = (H₂O⁺ • H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	36.	kcal/mol	PI	Ng, Trevor, et al., 1977	gas phase; Δ_rH>; M

H₂O₂^- + 2 Water = H₄O₃^-

By formula: H₂O₂^- + 2H₂O = H₄O₃^-

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	18.4 ± 1.8	kcal/mol	LPES	Clements, Luong, et al., 2001	gas phase; B

H₂O₃^- + + Water = C₅H₇NO₃^-

By formula: H₂O₃^- + C₅H₅N + H₂O = C₅H₇NO₃^-

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	32.7 ± 2.3	kcal/mol	N/A	Le Barbu, Schiedt, et al., 2002	gas phase; Affinity is difference in EAs of lesser solvated species; B

H₂O₃^- + + Water = C₁₀H₁₀O₃^-

By formula: H₂O₃^- + C₁₀H₈ + H₂O = C₁₀H₁₀O₃^-

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	37.8 ± 2.3	kcal/mol	N/A	Le Barbu, Schiedt, et al., 2002	gas phase; Affinity is difference in EAs of lesser solvated species; B

H₂O₃P^- + Water = (H₂O₃P^- • Water )

By formula: H₂O₃P^- + H₂O = (H₂O₃P^- • H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	7.8	kcal/mol	ES/HPMS	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; M

(H₂O₃P^- • Water ) + Water = (H₂O₃P^- • 2 Water )

By formula: (H₂O₃P^- • H₂O) + H₂O = (H₂O₃P^- • 2H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	6.6	kcal/mol	ES/HPMS	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; M

(H₂O₃P^- • 2 Water ) + Water = (H₂O₃P^- • 3 Water )

By formula: (H₂O₃P^- • 2H₂O) + H₂O = (H₂O₃P^- • 3H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	5.2	kcal/mol	ES/HPMS	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; M

H₂O₄P^- + Water = (H₂O₄P^- • Water )

By formula: H₂O₄P^- + H₂O = (H₂O₄P^- • H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	14.0	kcal/mol	ES/HPMS	Blades, Ho, et al., 1996, 2	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	21.0	cal/mol*K	ES/HPMS	Blades, Ho, et al., 1996, 2	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	7.7	kcal/mol	ES/HPMS	Blades, Ho, et al., 1996, 2	gas phase; M
Δ_rG°	7.6	kcal/mol	ES/HPMS	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; M

(H₂O₄P^- • Water ) + Water = (H₂O₄P^- • 2 Water )

By formula: (H₂O₄P^- • H₂O) + H₂O = (H₂O₄P^- • 2H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	12.3	kcal/mol	ES/HPMS	Blades, Ho, et al., 1996, 2	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	20.8	cal/mol*K	ES/HPMS	Blades, Ho, et al., 1996, 2	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	6.1	kcal/mol	ES/HPMS	Blades, Ho, et al., 1996, 2	gas phase; M
Δ_rG°	6.1	kcal/mol	ES/HPMS	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; M

(H₂O₄P^- • 2 Water ) + Water = (H₂O₄P^- • 3 Water )

By formula: (H₂O₄P^- • 2H₂O) + H₂O = (H₂O₄P^- • 3H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	4.8	kcal/mol	ES/HPMS	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; M

H₂O₇S₄^-2 + 2 Water = H₄O₈S₄^-2

By formula: H₂O₇S₄^-2 + 2H₂O = H₄O₈S₄^-2

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	7.80 ± 0.30	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; B

+ Water = ( • Water )

By formula: H₃O⁺ + H₂O = (H₃O⁺ • H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	32. ± 2.	kcal/mol	AVG	N/A	Average of 7 out of 14 values; Individual data points
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	28. ± 7.	cal/mol*K	AVG	N/A	Average of 5 out of 7 values; Individual data points

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
8.1	300.	HPMS	Arifov, Pozharov, et al., 1971	gas phase; M

( • Water ) + Water = ( • 2 Water )

By formula: (H₃O⁺ • H₂O) + H₂O = (H₃O⁺ • 2H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	20. ± 1.	kcal/mol	AVG	N/A	Average of 7 out of 14 values; Individual data points
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	22. ± 4.	cal/mol*K	AVG	N/A	Average of 5 out of 7 values; Individual data points

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
8.6	300.	HPMS	Arifov, Pozharov, et al., 1971	gas phase; M

( • 2 Water ) + Water = ( • 3 Water )

By formula: (H₃O⁺ • 2H₂O) + H₂O = (H₃O⁺ • 3H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	17.3 ± 0.9	kcal/mol	AVG	N/A	Average of 9 out of 16 values; Individual data points
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	28. ± 2.	cal/mol*K	AVG	N/A	Average of 6 out of 9 values; Individual data points
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	9.4	kcal/mol	FA	Bierbaum, Golde, et al., 1976	gas phase; M

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
9.1	300.	HPMS	Arifov, Pozharov, et al., 1971	gas phase; M
9.2	296.	SAMS	Puckett and Teague, 1971	gas phase; M
8.4	300.	PHPMS	Good, Durden, et al., 1970	gas phase; M
8.3	307.	PHPMS	Good, Durden, et al., 1970, 2	gas phase; M

( • 3 Water ) + Water = ( • 4 Water )

By formula: (H₃O⁺ • 3H₂O) + H₂O = (H₃O⁺ • 4H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	13. ± 4.	kcal/mol	AVG	N/A	Average of 6 out of 9 values; Individual data points
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	24. ± 5.	cal/mol*K	AVG	N/A	Average of 5 out of 7 values; Individual data points
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	5.5	kcal/mol	FA	Bierbaum, Golde, et al., 1976	gas phase; M

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
5.8	293.	ES/HPMS	Klassen, Blades, et al., 1995	gas phase; M
5.4	296.	SAMS	Puckett and Teague, 1971	gas phase; M
5.0	300.	PHPMS	Good, Durden, et al., 1970	gas phase; M
5.0	307.	PHPMS	Good, Durden, et al., 1970, 2	gas phase; M
7.0	300.	HPMS	Arifov, Pozharov, et al., 1971	gas phase; M

( • 4 Water ) + Water = ( • 5 Water )

By formula: (H₃O⁺ • 4H₂O) + H₂O = (H₃O⁺ • 5H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	12. ± 2.	kcal/mol	AVG	N/A	Average of 5 out of 8 values; Individual data points
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	24. ± 4.	cal/mol*K	AVG	N/A	Average of 4 out of 6 values; Individual data points

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
4.5	293.	ES/HPMS	Klassen, Blades, et al., 1995	gas phase; M

( • 5 Water ) + Water = ( • 6 Water )

By formula: (H₃O⁺ • 5H₂O) + H₂O = (H₃O⁺ • 6H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	10.7	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Lau, Ikuta, et al., 1982	gas phase; M
Δ_rH°	11.7	kcal/mol	HPMS	Kebarle, Searles, et al., 1967	gas phase; M
Δ_rH°	16.09	kcal/mol	MKER	Shi, Ford, et al., 1993	gas phase; Entropy change is questionable; M
Δ_rH°	6.7	kcal/mol	CID	Magnera, David, et al., 1991	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	26.1	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Lau, Ikuta, et al., 1982	gas phase; M
Δ_rS°	29.6	cal/mol*K	HPMS	Kebarle, Searles, et al., 1967	gas phase; M
Δ_rS°	82.69	cal/mol*K	MKER	Shi, Ford, et al., 1993	gas phase; Entropy change is questionable; M

( • 6 Water ) + Water = ( • 7 Water )

By formula: (H₃O⁺ • 6H₂O) + H₂O = (H₃O⁺ • 7H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	6.7	kcal/mol	CID	Magnera, David, et al., 1991	gas phase; M
Δ_rH°	10.3	kcal/mol	HPMS	Kebarle, Searles, et al., 1967	gas phase; M
Δ_rH°	12.03	kcal/mol	MKER	Shi, Ford, et al., 1993	gas phase; Entropy change is questionable; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	27.	cal/mol*K	HPMS	Kebarle, Searles, et al., 1967	gas phase; M
Δ_rS°	52.31	cal/mol*K	MKER	Shi, Ford, et al., 1993	gas phase; Entropy change is questionable; M

( • 7 Water ) + Water = ( • 8 Water )

By formula: (H₃O⁺ • 7H₂O) + H₂O = (H₃O⁺ • 8H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	9.77	kcal/mol	MKER	Shi, Ford, et al., 1993	gas phase; M
Δ_rH°	5.1	kcal/mol	CID	Magnera, David, et al., 1991	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	33.46	cal/mol*K	MKER	Shi, Ford, et al., 1993	gas phase; M

( • 8 Water ) + Water = ( • 9 Water )

By formula: (H₃O⁺ • 8H₂O) + H₂O = (H₃O⁺ • 9H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	8.78	kcal/mol	MKER	Shi, Ford, et al., 1993	gas phase; M
Δ_rH°	5.7	kcal/mol	CID	Magnera, David, et al., 1991	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	26.92	cal/mol*K	MKER	Shi, Ford, et al., 1993	gas phase; M

( • 9 Water ) + Water = ( • 10 Water )

By formula: (H₃O⁺ • 9H₂O) + H₂O = (H₃O⁺ • 10H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	8.88	kcal/mol	MKER	Shi, Ford, et al., 1993	gas phase; M
Δ_rH°	6.7	kcal/mol	CID	Magnera, David, et al., 1991	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	25.77	cal/mol*K	MKER	Shi, Ford, et al., 1993	gas phase; M

( • 10 Water ) + Water = ( • 11 Water )

By formula: (H₃O⁺ • 10H₂O) + H₂O = (H₃O⁺ • 11H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	9.30	kcal/mol	MKER	Shi, Ford, et al., 1993	gas phase; M
Δ_rH°	6.7	kcal/mol	CID	Magnera, David, et al., 1991	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	26.92	cal/mol*K	MKER	Shi, Ford, et al., 1993	gas phase; M

( • 11 Water ) + Water = ( • 12 Water )

By formula: (H₃O⁺ • 11H₂O) + H₂O = (H₃O⁺ • 12H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	9.83	kcal/mol	MKER	Shi, Ford, et al., 1993	gas phase; M
Δ_rH°	6.9	kcal/mol	CID	Magnera, David, et al., 1991	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	33.62	cal/mol*K	MKER	Shi, Ford, et al., 1993	gas phase; M

( • 12 Water ) + Water = ( • 13 Water )

By formula: (H₃O⁺ • 12H₂O) + H₂O = (H₃O⁺ • 13H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	10.30	kcal/mol	MKER	Shi, Ford, et al., 1993	gas phase; M
Δ_rH°	6.7	kcal/mol	CID	Magnera, David, et al., 1991	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	37.92	cal/mol*K	MKER	Shi, Ford, et al., 1993	gas phase; M

( • 13 Water ) + Water = ( • 14 Water )

By formula: (H₃O⁺ • 13H₂O) + H₂O = (H₃O⁺ • 14H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	10.60	kcal/mol	MKER	Shi, Ford, et al., 1993	gas phase; M
Δ_rH°	6.8	kcal/mol	CID	Magnera, David, et al., 1991	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	39.85	cal/mol*K	MKER	Shi, Ford, et al., 1993	gas phase; M

( • 14 Water ) + Water = ( • 15 Water )

By formula: (H₃O⁺ • 14H₂O) + H₂O = (H₃O⁺ • 15H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	10.72	kcal/mol	MKER	Shi, Ford, et al., 1993	gas phase; M
Δ_rH°	6.7	kcal/mol	CID	Magnera, David, et al., 1991	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	40.38	cal/mol*K	MKER	Shi, Ford, et al., 1993	gas phase; M

( • 15 Water ) + Water = ( • 16 Water )

By formula: (H₃O⁺ • 15H₂O) + H₂O = (H₃O⁺ • 16H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	10.82	kcal/mol	MKER	Shi, Ford, et al., 1993	gas phase; M
Δ_rH°	6.0	kcal/mol	CID	Magnera, David, et al., 1991	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	42.15	cal/mol*K	MKER	Shi, Ford, et al., 1993	gas phase; M

( • 16 Water ) + Water = ( • 17 Water )

By formula: (H₃O⁺ • 16H₂O) + H₂O = (H₃O⁺ • 17H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	10.76	kcal/mol	MKER	Shi, Ford, et al., 1993	gas phase; M
Δ_rH°	6.6	kcal/mol	CID	Magnera, David, et al., 1991	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	41.38	cal/mol*K	MKER	Shi, Ford, et al., 1993	gas phase; M

( • 17 Water ) + Water = ( • 18 Water )

By formula: (H₃O⁺ • 17H₂O) + H₂O = (H₃O⁺ • 18H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	10.75	kcal/mol	MKER	Shi, Ford, et al., 1993	gas phase; M
Δ_rH°	6.3	kcal/mol	CID	Magnera, David, et al., 1991	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	40.62	cal/mol*K	MKER	Shi, Ford, et al., 1993	gas phase; M

( • 18 Water ) + Water = ( • 19 Water )

By formula: (H₃O⁺ • 18H₂O) + H₂O = (H₃O⁺ • 19H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	10.66	kcal/mol	MKER	Shi, Ford, et al., 1993	gas phase; M
Δ_rH°	7.0	kcal/mol	CID	Magnera, David, et al., 1991	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	41.00	cal/mol*K	MKER	Shi, Ford, et al., 1993	gas phase; M

( • 19 Water ) + Water = ( • 20 Water )

By formula: (H₃O⁺ • 19H₂O) + H₂O = (H₃O⁺ • 20H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	10.54	kcal/mol	MKER	Shi, Ford, et al., 1993	gas phase; M
Δ_rH°	9.1	kcal/mol	CID	Magnera, David, et al., 1991	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	39.62	cal/mol*K	MKER	Shi, Ford, et al., 1993	gas phase; M

( • 20 Water ) + Water = ( • 21 Water )

By formula: (H₃O⁺ • 20H₂O) + H₂O = (H₃O⁺ • 21H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	10.43	kcal/mol	MKER	Shi, Ford, et al., 1993	gas phase; M
Δ_rH°	7.3	kcal/mol	CID	Magnera, David, et al., 1991	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	37.46	cal/mol*K	MKER	Shi, Ford, et al., 1993	gas phase; M

( • 21 Water ) + Water = ( • 22 Water )

By formula: (H₃O⁺ • 21H₂O) + H₂O = (H₃O⁺ • 22H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	10.32	kcal/mol	MKER	Shi, Ford, et al., 1993	gas phase; M
Δ_rH°	5.9	kcal/mol	CID	Magnera, David, et al., 1991	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	39.46	cal/mol*K	MKER	Shi, Ford, et al., 1993	gas phase; M

( • 22 Water ) + Water = ( • 23 Water )

By formula: (H₃O⁺ • 22H₂O) + H₂O = (H₃O⁺ • 23H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	10.45	kcal/mol	MKER	Shi, Ford, et al., 1993	gas phase; M
Δ_rH°	6.4	kcal/mol	CID	Magnera, David, et al., 1991	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	38.92	cal/mol*K	MKER	Shi, Ford, et al., 1993	gas phase; M

( • 23 Water ) + Water = ( • 24 Water )

By formula: (H₃O⁺ • 23H₂O) + H₂O = (H₃O⁺ • 24H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	10.28	kcal/mol	MKER	Shi, Ford, et al., 1993	gas phase; M
Δ_rH°	6.6	kcal/mol	CID	Magnera, David, et al., 1991	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	37.46	cal/mol*K	MKER	Shi, Ford, et al., 1993	gas phase; M

( • 24 Water ) + Water = ( • 25 Water )

By formula: (H₃O⁺ • 24H₂O) + H₂O = (H₃O⁺ • 25H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	10.06	kcal/mol	MKER	Shi, Ford, et al., 1993	gas phase; M
Δ_rH°	7.1	kcal/mol	CID	Magnera, David, et al., 1991	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	36.16	cal/mol*K	MKER	Shi, Ford, et al., 1993	gas phase; M

( • 25 Water ) + Water = ( • 26 Water )

By formula: (H₃O⁺ • 25H₂O) + H₂O = (H₃O⁺ • 26H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	9.72	kcal/mol	MKER	Shi, Ford, et al., 1993	gas phase; M
Δ_rH°	6.3	kcal/mol	CID	Magnera, David, et al., 1991	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	32.85	cal/mol*K	MKER	Shi, Ford, et al., 1993	gas phase; M

( • 26 Water ) + Water = ( • 27 Water )

By formula: (H₃O⁺ • 26H₂O) + H₂O = (H₃O⁺ • 27H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	9.41	kcal/mol	MKER	Shi, Ford, et al., 1993	gas phase; M
Δ_rH°	8.2	kcal/mol	CID	Magnera, David, et al., 1991	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	30.92	cal/mol*K	MKER	Shi, Ford, et al., 1993	gas phase; M

( • 27 Water ) + Water = ( • 28 Water )

By formula: (H₃O⁺ • 27H₂O) + H₂O = (H₃O⁺ • 28H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	9.06	kcal/mol	MKER	Shi, Ford, et al., 1993	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	27.77	cal/mol*K	MKER	Shi, Ford, et al., 1993	gas phase; M

H₃S⁺ + Water = (H₃S⁺ • Water )

By formula: H₃S⁺ + H₂O = (H₃S⁺ • H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	21.2	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Hiraoka and Kebarle, 1977, 2	gas phase; From thermochemical cycle,switching reaction(H3O+)H2O; Cunningham, Payzant, et al., 1972, Yamdagni and Kebarle, 1976; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	24.5	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Hiraoka and Kebarle, 1977, 2	gas phase; From thermochemical cycle,switching reaction(H3O+)H2O; Cunningham, Payzant, et al., 1972, Yamdagni and Kebarle, 1976; M

(H₃S⁺ • Water ) + Water = (H₃S⁺ • 2 Water )

By formula: (H₃S⁺ • H₂O) + H₂O = (H₃S⁺ • 2H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	20.3	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Hiraoka and Kebarle, 1977, 2	gas phase; From thermochemical cycle,switching reaction(H3O+ H2O)H2O; Cunningham, Payzant, et al., 1972, Yamdagni and Kebarle, 1976; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	21.8	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Hiraoka and Kebarle, 1977, 2	gas phase; From thermochemical cycle,switching reaction(H3O+ H2O)H2O; Cunningham, Payzant, et al., 1972, Yamdagni and Kebarle, 1976; M

(H₃S⁺ • 2 Water ) + Water = (H₃S⁺ • 3 Water )

By formula: (H₃S⁺ • 2H₂O) + H₂O = (H₃S⁺ • 3H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	4.4	kcal/mol	PI	Walters and Blais, 1984	gas phase; M

(H₃S⁺ • ) + Water = (H₃S⁺ • Water • )

By formula: (H₃S⁺ • H₂S) + H₂O = (H₃S⁺ • H₂O • H₂S)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	19.1	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Hiraoka and Kebarle, 1977, 2	gas phase; From thermochemical cycle,switching reaction(H3S+ H2O)H2O; Cunningham, Payzant, et al., 1972, Lias, Liebman, et al., 1984; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	21.8	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Hiraoka and Kebarle, 1977, 2	gas phase; From thermochemical cycle,switching reaction(H3S+ H2O)H2O; Cunningham, Payzant, et al., 1972, Lias, Liebman, et al., 1984; M

H₄ClO₂^- + + 2 Water = CH₈ClO₃^-

By formula: H₄ClO₂^- + CH₄O + 2H₂O = CH₈ClO₃^-

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	10.40 ± 0.20	kcal/mol	TDAs	Evans and Keesee, 1991	gas phase; B
Δ_rH°	11.40 ± 0.30	kcal/mol	TDAs	Evans and Keesee, 1991	gas phase; For solvation by MeOH of core ion; B
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	5.80	kcal/mol	TDAs	Evans and Keesee, 1991	gas phase; B
Δ_rG°	6.00	kcal/mol	TDAs	Evans and Keesee, 1991	gas phase; For solvation by MeOH of core ion; B

H₄IO₅^- + 3 Water = H₆IO₆^-

By formula: H₄IO₅^- + 3H₂O = H₆IO₆^-

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	11.2 ± 1.5	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; T: 293 K. ΔSaff approx. 24 cal/mol-K; B
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	4.20 ± 0.30	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; T: 293 K. ΔSaff approx. 24 cal/mol-K; B

+ Water = ( • Water )

By formula: H₄N⁺ + H₂O = (H₄N⁺ • H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	20.6	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Speller, 1986	gas phase; M
Δ_rH°	19.9	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984	gas phase; M
Δ_rH°	17.3	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Payzant, Cunningham, et al., 1973	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	24.6	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Speller, 1986	gas phase; M
Δ_rS°	23.1	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984	gas phase; M
Δ_rS°	19.7	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Payzant, Cunningham, et al., 1973	gas phase; M

( • Water ) + Water = ( • 2 Water )

By formula: (H₄N⁺ • H₂O) + H₂O = (H₄N⁺ • 2H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	17.4	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Speller, 1986	gas phase; Δ_rH?, Entropy change is questionable, appear out of line; M
Δ_rH°	13.7	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; Δ_rH of 12.4 kcal/mol from plot is too small; M
Δ_rH°	14.7	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Payzant, Cunningham, et al., 1973	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	28.6	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Speller, 1986	gas phase; Δ_rH?, Entropy change is questionable, appear out of line; M
Δ_rS°	22.0	cal/mol*K	N/A	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; Δ_rH of 12.4 kcal/mol from plot is too small; M
Δ_rS°	21.9	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Payzant, Cunningham, et al., 1973	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	8.8	kcal/mol	HPMS	Banic and Iribarne, 1985	gas phase; electric fields; M

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
4.6	414.	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; Δ_rH of 12.4 kcal/mol from plot is too small; M

( • 2 Water ) + Water = ( • 3 Water )

By formula: (H₄N⁺ • 2H₂O) + H₂O = (H₄N⁺ • 3H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	13.7	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Speller, 1986	gas phase; M
Δ_rH°	13.4	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Payzant, Cunningham, et al., 1973	gas phase; M
Δ_rH°	12.2	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	24.8	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Speller, 1986	gas phase; M
Δ_rS°	25.1	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Payzant, Cunningham, et al., 1973	gas phase; M
Δ_rS°	21.2	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	6.5	kcal/mol	HPMS	Banic and Iribarne, 1985	gas phase; electric fields; M

( • 3 Water ) + Water = ( • 4 Water )

By formula: (H₄N⁺ • 3H₂O) + H₂O = (H₄N⁺ • 4H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	10.8	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984	gas phase; M
Δ_rH°	12.2	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Payzant, Cunningham, et al., 1973	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	23.0	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984	gas phase; M
Δ_rS°	27.3	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Payzant, Cunningham, et al., 1973	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	5.0	kcal/mol	HPMS	Banic and Iribarne, 1985	gas phase; electric fields; M

( • 4 Water ) + Water = ( • 5 Water )

By formula: (H₄N⁺ • 4H₂O) + H₂O = (H₄N⁺ • 5H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	10.6	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984	gas phase; M
Δ_rH°	9.7	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Payzant, Cunningham, et al., 1973	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	27.0	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984	gas phase; M
Δ_rS°	22.4	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Payzant, Cunningham, et al., 1973	gas phase; M

( • 5 Water ) + Water = ( • 6 Water )

By formula: (H₄N⁺ • 5H₂O) + H₂O = (H₄N⁺ • 6H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	9.1	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	22.	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984	gas phase; M

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
3.2	266.	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984	gas phase; M

( • 6 Water ) + Water = ( • 7 Water )

By formula: (H₄N⁺ • 6H₂O) + H₂O = (H₄N⁺ • 7H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	8.4	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	22.	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984	gas phase; M

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
2.8	254.	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984	gas phase; M

( • Water • ) + Water = ( • 2 Water • )

By formula: (H₄N⁺ • H₂O • H₃N) + H₂O = (H₄N⁺ • 2H₂O • H₃N)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	12.7	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Payzant, Cunningham, et al., 1973	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	25.0	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Payzant, Cunningham, et al., 1973	gas phase; M

( • Water • 2) + Water = ( • 2 Water • 2)

By formula: (H₄N⁺ • H₂O • 2H₃N) + H₂O = (H₄N⁺ • 2H₂O • 2H₃N)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	11.7	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Payzant, Cunningham, et al., 1973	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	27.8	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Payzant, Cunningham, et al., 1973	gas phase; M

( • 2 Water • ) + Water = ( • 3 Water • )

By formula: (H₄N⁺ • 2H₂O • H₃N) + H₂O = (H₄N⁺ • 3H₂O • H₃N)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	12.2	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Payzant, Cunningham, et al., 1973	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	28.5	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Payzant, Cunningham, et al., 1973	gas phase; M

( • Water • ) + Water = ( • 2 Water • )

By formula: (H₄N⁺ • H₂O • O₂S) + H₂O = (H₄N⁺ • 2H₂O • O₂S)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	7.4	kcal/mol	HPMS	Banic and Iribarne, 1985	gas phase; From thermochemical cycle,switching reaction, electric fields; M

( • 2 Water • ) + Water = ( • 3 Water • )

By formula: (H₄N⁺ • 2H₂O • O₂S) + H₂O = (H₄N⁺ • 3H₂O • O₂S)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	5.2	kcal/mol	HPMS	Banic and Iribarne, 1985	gas phase; From thermochemical cycle,switching reaction, electric fields; M

( • ) + Water = ( • Water • )

By formula: (H₄N⁺ • H₃N) + H₂O = (H₄N⁺ • H₂O • H₃N)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	12.9	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Payzant, Cunningham, et al., 1973	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	20.3	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Payzant, Cunningham, et al., 1973	gas phase; M

( • 2) + Water = ( • Water • 2)

By formula: (H₄N⁺ • 2H₃N) + H₂O = (H₄N⁺ • H₂O • 2H₃N)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	12.4	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Payzant, Cunningham, et al., 1973	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	24.6	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Payzant, Cunningham, et al., 1973	gas phase; M

( • 3) + Water = ( • Water • 3)

By formula: (H₄N⁺ • 3H₃N) + H₂O = (H₄N⁺ • H₂O • 3H₃N)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	11.7	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Payzant, Cunningham, et al., 1973	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	27.9	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Payzant, Cunningham, et al., 1973	gas phase; M

H₄N₃O₂^- + 3 Water = H₆N₃O₃^-

By formula: H₄N₃O₂^- + 3H₂O = H₆N₃O₃^-

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	10.60	kcal/mol	N/A	Yang, Kiran, et al., 2004	gas phase; Affinity: EA change (H2O)n-1..N3- ion. Vertical Detachment Energy: 4.25±0.06 eV; B

H₄O₃P^- + 2 Water = H₆O₄P^-

By formula: H₄O₃P^- + 2H₂O = H₆O₄P^-

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	13.4 ± 1.5	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; T: 293 K. ΔSaff approx. 24 cal/mol-K; B
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	6.40 ± 0.30	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; T: 293 K. ΔSaff approx. 24 cal/mol-K; B

H₄O₄^- + + 2 Water = C₁₀H₁₂O₄^-

By formula: H₄O₄^- + C₁₀H₈ + 2H₂O = C₁₀H₁₂O₄^-

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	52.3 ± 2.3	kcal/mol	N/A	Le Barbu, Schiedt, et al., 2002	gas phase; Affinity is difference in EAs of lesser solvated species; B

H₄O₄P^- + 2 Water = H₆O₅P^-

By formula: H₄O₄P^- + 2H₂O = H₆O₅P^-

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	13.6 ± 1.5	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; T: 293 K. ΔSaff approx. 24 cal/mol-K; B
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	6.60 ± 0.30	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; T: 293 K. ΔSaff approx. 24 cal/mol-K; B

H₄O₅P^- + 2 Water = H₆O₆P^-

By formula: H₄O₅P^- + 2H₂O = H₆O₆P^-

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	12.3 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Ho, et al., 1996, 3	gas phase; B
Δ_rH°	13.1 ± 1.5	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; T: 293 K. ΔSaff approx. 24 cal/mol-K; B
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	6.10 ± 0.50	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Ho, et al., 1996, 3	gas phase; B
Δ_rG°	6.10 ± 0.30	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; T: 293 K. ΔSaff approx. 24 cal/mol-K; B

H₄O₈S₄^-2 + 3 Water = H₆O₉S₄^-2

By formula: H₄O₈S₄^-2 + 3H₂O = H₆O₉S₄^-2

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	6.70 ± 0.30	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; B

H₄O₁₀S₂^-2 + 3 Water = H₆O₁₁S₂^-2

By formula: H₄O₁₀S₂^-2 + 3H₂O = H₆O₁₁S₂^-2

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	7.50 ± 0.30	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; B

H₄P⁺ + Water = (H₄P⁺ • Water )

By formula: H₄P⁺ + H₂O = (H₄P⁺ • H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	13.	kcal/mol	ICR	Berman and Beauchamp, 1986	gas phase; bracketing; Meot-Ner, 1984, 2, Lias, Liebman, et al., 1984; M

H₆N₃O₃^- + 4 Water = H₈N₃O₄^-

By formula: H₆N₃O₃^- + 4H₂O = H₈N₃O₄^-

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	7.80	kcal/mol	N/A	Yang, Kiran, et al., 2004	gas phase; Affinity: EA change (H2O)n-1..N3- ion. Vertical Detachment Energy: 4.63±0.06 eV; B

H₆O₄P^- + 3 Water = H₈O₅P^-

By formula: H₆O₄P^- + 3H₂O = H₈O₅P^-

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	11.7 ± 1.5	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; T: 293 K. ΔSaff approx. 24 cal/mol-K; B
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	4.70 ± 0.30	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; T: 293 K. ΔSaff approx. 24 cal/mol-K; B

H₆O₅P^- + 3 Water = H₈O₆P^-

By formula: H₆O₅P^- + 3H₂O = H₈O₆P^-

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	12.2 ± 1.5	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; T: 293 K. ΔSaff approx. 24 cal/mol-K; B
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	5.20 ± 0.30	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; T: 293 K. ΔSaff approx. 24 cal/mol-K; B

H₆O₆P^- + 3 Water = H₈O₇P^-

By formula: H₆O₆P^- + 3H₂O = H₈O₇P^-

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	12.3 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Ho, et al., 1996	gas phase; B
Δ_rH°	11.8 ± 1.5	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; T: 293 K. ΔSaff approx. 24 cal/mol-K; B
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	6.1 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Ho, et al., 1996	gas phase; B
Δ_rG°	4.80 ± 0.30	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; T: 293 K. ΔSaff approx. 24 cal/mol-K; B

H₆O₉S₂^-2 + 4 Water = H₈O₁₀S₂^-2

By formula: H₆O₉S₂^-2 + 4H₂O = H₈O₁₀S₂^-2

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	8.00 ± 0.30	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; B

H₆O₉S₄^-2 + 4 Water = H₈O₁₀S₄^-2

By formula: H₆O₉S₄^-2 + 4H₂O = H₈O₁₀S₄^-2

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	6.10 ± 0.30	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; B

H₆O₁₁S₂^-2 + 4 Water = H₈O₁₂S₂^-2

By formula: H₆O₁₁S₂^-2 + 4H₂O = H₈O₁₂S₂^-2

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	6.70 ± 0.30	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; B

H₈N₃O₄^- + 5 Water = H₁₀N₃O₅^-

By formula: H₈N₃O₄^- + 5H₂O = H₁₀N₃O₅^-

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	3.70	kcal/mol	N/A	Yang, Kiran, et al., 2004	gas phase; Affinity: EA change from (H2O)n-1..N3- ion. Vertical Detachment Energy: 4.85±0.06 eV; B

H₈O₁₀S₂^-2 + 5 Water = H₁₀O₁₁S₂^-2

By formula: H₈O₁₀S₂^-2 + 5H₂O = H₁₀O₁₁S₂^-2

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	7.10 ± 0.30	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; B

H₈O₁₀S₄^-2 + 5 Water = H₁₀O₁₁S₄^-2

By formula: H₈O₁₀S₄^-2 + 5H₂O = H₁₀O₁₁S₄^-2

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	5.40 ± 0.30	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; B

H₈O₁₂S₂^-2 + 5 Water = H₁₀O₁₃S₂^-2

By formula: H₈O₁₂S₂^-2 + 5H₂O = H₁₀O₁₃S₂^-2

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	5.90 ± 0.30	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; B

H₁₀N₃O₅^- + 6 Water = H₁₂N₃O₆^-

By formula: H₁₀N₃O₅^- + 6H₂O = H₁₂N₃O₆^-

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	3.70	kcal/mol	N/A	Yang, Kiran, et al., 2004	gas phase; Affinity: EA change (H2O)n-1..N3- ion. Vertical Detachment Energy: 5.03±0.08 eV; B

H₁₀O₈S₂^-2 + 6 Water = H₁₂O₉S₂^-2

By formula: H₁₀O₈S₂^-2 + 6H₂O = H₁₂O₉S₂^-2

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	7.30 ± 0.30	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; B

H₁₀O₁₁S₂^-2 + 6 Water = H₁₂O₁₂S₂^-2

By formula: H₁₀O₁₁S₂^-2 + 6H₂O = H₁₂O₁₂S₂^-2

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	6.30 ± 0.30	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; B

H₁₀O₁₃S₂^-2 + 6 Water = H₁₂O₁₄S₂^-2

By formula: H₁₀O₁₃S₂^-2 + 6H₂O = H₁₂O₁₄S₂^-2

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	5.40 ± 0.30	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; B

H₁₂N₃O₆^- + 7 Water = H₁₄N₃O₇^-

By formula: H₁₂N₃O₆^- + 7H₂O = H₁₄N₃O₇^-

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	3.20	kcal/mol	N/A	Yang, Kiran, et al., 2004	gas phase; Affinity: EA change (H2O)n-1..N3- ion. Vertical Detachment Energy: 5.25±0.08 eV; B

H₁₂O₉S₂^-2 + 7 Water = H₁₄O₁₀S₂^-2

By formula: H₁₂O₉S₂^-2 + 7H₂O = H₁₄O₁₀S₂^-2

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	6.50 ± 0.30	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; B

H₁₂O₁₀S^-2 + 7 Water = H₁₄O₁₁S^-2

By formula: H₁₂O₁₀S^-2 + 7H₂O = H₁₄O₁₁S^-2

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	13.9 ± 2.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades and Kebarle, 2005	gas phase; B
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	7.5 ± 2.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades and Kebarle, 2005	gas phase; B
Δ_rG°	7.50 ± 0.30	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; B

H₁₂O₁₀Se^-2 + 7 Water = H₁₄O₁₁Se^-2

By formula: H₁₂O₁₀Se^-2 + 7H₂O = H₁₄O₁₁Se^-2

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	7.00 ± 0.30	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; B

H₁₂O₁₂P₂^-2 + 6 Water = H₁₄O₁₃P₂^-2

By formula: H₁₂O₁₂P₂^-2 + 6H₂O = H₁₄O₁₃P₂^-2

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	5.90 ± 0.20	kcal/mol	IMRE	Blades, Ho, et al., 1996	gas phase; Correction to published article: P. Kebarle; B

H₁₂O₁₂S₂^-2 + 7 Water = H₁₄O₁₃S₂^-2

By formula: H₁₂O₁₂S₂^-2 + 7H₂O = H₁₄O₁₃S₂^-2

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	5.60 ± 0.30	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; B

H₁₄N₃O₇^- + 8 Water = H₁₆N₃O₈^-

By formula: H₁₄N₃O₇^- + 8H₂O = H₁₆N₃O₈^-

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	3.20	kcal/mol	N/A	Yang, Kiran, et al., 2004	gas phase; Affinity: EA change (H2O)n-1..N3- ion. Vertical Detachment Energy: 5.42±0.08 eV; B

H₁₄O₁₀S₂^-2 + 8 Water = H₁₆O₁₁S₂^-2

By formula: H₁₄O₁₀S₂^-2 + 8H₂O = H₁₆O₁₁S₂^-2

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	5.90 ± 0.30	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; B

H₁₄O₁₁S^-2 + 8 Water = H₁₆O₁₂S^-2

By formula: H₁₄O₁₁S^-2 + 8H₂O = H₁₆O₁₂S^-2

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	12.4 ± 2.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades and Kebarle, 2005	gas phase; B
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	6.8 ± 2.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades and Kebarle, 2005	gas phase; B
Δ_rG°	6.70 ± 0.30	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; B

H₁₄O₁₁Se^-2 + 8 Water = H₁₆O₁₂Se^-2

By formula: H₁₄O₁₁Se^-2 + 8H₂O = H₁₆O₁₂Se^-2

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	6.30 ± 0.30	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; B

H₁₄O₁₃S₂^-2 + 8 Water = H₁₆O₁₄S₂^-2

By formula: H₁₄O₁₃S₂^-2 + 8H₂O = H₁₆O₁₄S₂^-2

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	5.10 ± 0.30	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; B

H₁₆N₃O₈^- + 9 Water = H₁₈N₃O₉^-

By formula: H₁₆N₃O₈^- + 9H₂O = H₁₈N₃O₉^-

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	3.20	kcal/mol	N/A	Yang, Kiran, et al., 2004	gas phase; Affinity: EA change (H2O)n-1..N3- ion. Vertical Detachment Energy: 5.55±0.08 eV; B

H₁₆O₁₁S₂^-2 + 9 Water = H₁₈O₁₂S₂^-2

By formula: H₁₆O₁₁S₂^-2 + 9H₂O = H₁₈O₁₂S₂^-2

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	5.30 ± 0.30	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; B

H₁₆O₁₂S^-2 + 9 Water = H₁₈O₁₃S^-2

By formula: H₁₆O₁₂S^-2 + 9H₂O = H₁₈O₁₃S^-2

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	11.8 ± 2.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades and Kebarle, 2005	gas phase; B
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	6.1 ± 2.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades and Kebarle, 2005	gas phase; B
Δ_rG°	6.00 ± 0.30	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; B

H₁₆O₁₂Se^-2 + 9 Water = H₁₈O₁₃Se^-2

By formula: H₁₆O₁₂Se^-2 + 9H₂O = H₁₈O₁₃Se^-2

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	5.60 ± 0.30	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; B

H₁₈N₃O₉^- + 10 Water = H₂₀N₃O₁₀^-

By formula: H₁₈N₃O₉^- + 10H₂O = H₂₀N₃O₁₀^-

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	3.00	kcal/mol	N/A	Yang, Kiran, et al., 2004	gas phase; Affinity: EA change from (H2O))n-1..N3- ion. Vertical Detachment Energy: 5.65±0.08 eV; B

H₁₈O₁₂S₂^-2 + 10 Water = H₂₀O₁₃S₂^-2

By formula: H₁₈O₁₂S₂^-2 + 10H₂O = H₂₀O₁₃S₂^-2

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	4.70 ± 0.30	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; B

H₁₈O₁₃S^-2 + 10 Water = H₂₀O₁₄S^-2

By formula: H₁₈O₁₃S^-2 + 10H₂O = H₂₀O₁₄S^-2

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	10.9 ± 2.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades and Kebarle, 2005	gas phase; B
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	5.8 ± 2.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades and Kebarle, 2005	gas phase; B

H₂₀N₃O₁₀^- + 11 Water = H₂₂N₃O₁₁^-

By formula: H₂₀N₃O₁₀^- + 11H₂O = H₂₂N₃O₁₁^-

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	2.10	kcal/mol	N/A	Yang, Kiran, et al., 2004	gas phase; Affinity: EA change (H2O)n-1..N3- ion. Vertical Detachment Energy: 5.70±0.08 eV; B

H₂₀O₁₄S^-2 + 11 Water = H₂₂O₁₅S^-2

By formula: H₂₀O₁₄S^-2 + 11H₂O = H₂₂O₁₅S^-2

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	10.9 ± 2.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades and Kebarle, 2005	gas phase; B
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	5.3 ± 2.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades and Kebarle, 2005	gas phase; B

H₂₂N₃O₁₁^- + 12 Water = H₂₄N₃O₁₂^-

By formula: H₂₂N₃O₁₁^- + 12H₂O = H₂₄N₃O₁₂^-

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	0.70	kcal/mol	N/A	Yang, Kiran, et al., 2004	gas phase; Affinity: EA change (H2O)n-1..N3- ion. Vertical Detachment Energy: 5.79±0.08 eV; B

H₂₄N₃O₁₂^- + 13 Water = H₂₆N₃O₁₃^-

By formula: H₂₄N₃O₁₂^- + 13H₂O = H₂₆N₃O₁₃^-

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	1.80	kcal/mol	N/A	Yang, Kiran, et al., 2004	gas phase; Affinity: EA change (H2O)n-1..N3- ion. Vertical Detachment Energy: 5.89±0.08 eV; B

H₂₆N₃O₁₃^- + 14 Water = H₂₈N₃O₁₄^-

By formula: H₂₆N₃O₁₃^- + 14H₂O = H₂₈N₃O₁₄^-

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	0.90	kcal/mol	N/A	Yang, Kiran, et al., 2004	gas phase; Affinity: EA change (H2O)n-1..N3- ion. Vertical Detachment Energy: 5.95±0.08 eV; B

H₂₈N₃O₁₄^- + 15 Water = H₃₀N₃O₁₅^-

By formula: H₂₈N₃O₁₄^- + 15H₂O = H₃₀N₃O₁₅^-

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	2.10	kcal/mol	N/A	Yang, Kiran, et al., 2004	gas phase; Affinity: EA change (H2O)n-1..N3- ion. Vertical Detachment Energy: 6.02±0.08 eV; B

H₃₀N₃O₁₅^- + 16 Water = H₃₂N₃O₁₆^-

By formula: H₃₀N₃O₁₅^- + 16H₂O = H₃₂N₃O₁₆^-

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	0.90	kcal/mol	N/A	Yang, Kiran, et al., 2004	gas phase; Affinity: EA change (H2O)n-1..N3- ion. Vertical Detachment Energy: 6.07±0.08 eV; B

+ Water = ( • Water )

By formula: I^- + H₂O = (I^- • H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	10.4 ± 0.7	kcal/mol	AVG	N/A	Average of 6 values; Individual data points
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	15.3	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Hiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1988	gas phase; M
Δ_rS°	19.3	cal/mol*K	HPMS	Keesee and Castleman, 1980	gas phase; M
Δ_rS°	16.3	cal/mol*K	HPMS	Arshadi, Yamdagni, et al., 1970	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	5.5 ± 0.3	kcal/mol	AVG	N/A	Average of 6 values; Individual data points

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
5.3	300.	HPMS	Banic and Iribarne, 1985	gas phase; electric fields; M

( • Water ) + Water = ( • 2 Water )

By formula: (I^- • H₂O) + H₂O = (I^- • 2H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	9.90 ± 0.20	kcal/mol	TDAs	Keesee and Castleman, 1980	gas phase; B,M
Δ_rH°	9.50	kcal/mol	N/A	Markovich, Pollack, et al., 1994	gas phase; For photodissociation plus electron loss. Affinity is difference from lower solvated ion.; B
Δ_rH°	9.50 ± 0.20	kcal/mol	TDAs	Hiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1988	gas phase; B,M
Δ_rH°	9.8 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Payzant, Yamdagni, et al., 1971	gas phase; B
Δ_rH°	9.8 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Arshadi, Yamdagni, et al., 1970	gas phase; B,M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	17.6	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Hiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1988	gas phase; M
Δ_rS°	20.3	cal/mol*K	HPMS	Keesee and Castleman, 1980	gas phase; M
Δ_rS°	19.0	cal/mol*K	HPMS	Arshadi, Yamdagni, et al., 1970	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	4.0 ± 0.5	kcal/mol	AVG	N/A	Average of 6 values; Individual data points

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
4.1	300.	HPMS	Banic and Iribarne, 1985	gas phase; electric fields; M

( • 2 Water ) + Water = ( • 3 Water )

By formula: (I^- • 2H₂O) + H₂O = (I^- • 3H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	9.30 ± 0.30	kcal/mol	TDAs	Keesee and Castleman, 1980	gas phase; B,M
Δ_rH°	8.5 ± 2.3	kcal/mol	N/A	Markovich, Pollack, et al., 1994	gas phase; For photodissociation plus electron loss. Affinity is difference from lower solvated ion.; B
Δ_rH°	9.20 ± 0.20	kcal/mol	TDAs	Hiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1988	gas phase; B,M
Δ_rH°	9.4 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Payzant, Yamdagni, et al., 1971	gas phase; B
Δ_rH°	9.4 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Arshadi, Yamdagni, et al., 1970	gas phase; B,M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	20.4	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Hiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1988	gas phase; M
Δ_rS°	21.0	cal/mol*K	HPMS	Keesee and Castleman, 1980	gas phase; M
Δ_rS°	21.3	cal/mol*K	HPMS	Arshadi, Yamdagni, et al., 1970	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	3.00	kcal/mol	TDAs	Keesee and Castleman, 1980	gas phase; B
Δ_rG°	3.10 ± 0.80	kcal/mol	TDAs	Hiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1988	gas phase; B
Δ_rG°	3.3 ± 2.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Kebarle, Arshadi, et al., 1968	gas phase; B,M

( • 3 Water ) + Water = ( • 4 Water )

By formula: (I^- • 3H₂O) + H₂O = (I^- • 4H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	9.20 ± 0.40	kcal/mol	TDAs	Hiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1988	gas phase; B,M
Δ_rH°	6.9 ± 2.3	kcal/mol	N/A	Markovich, Pollack, et al., 1994	gas phase; For photodissociation plus electron loss. Affinity is difference from lower solvated ion.; B
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	23.6	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Hiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1988	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	2.1 ± 1.6	kcal/mol	TDAs	Hiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1988	gas phase; B
Δ_rG°	2.2 ± 2.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Kebarle, Arshadi, et al., 1968	gas phase; B,M

( • 4 Water ) + Water = ( • 5 Water )

By formula: (I^- • 4H₂O) + H₂O = (I^- • 5H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	9.00	kcal/mol	TDAs	Hiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1988	gas phase; Entropy estimated; B,M
Δ_rH°	4.20	kcal/mol	N/A	Markovich, Pollack, et al., 1994	gas phase; For photodissociation plus electron loss. Affinity is difference from lower solvated ion.; B
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	25.	cal/mol*K	N/A	Hiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1988	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	1.50	kcal/mol	TDAs	Hiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1988	gas phase; Entropy estimated; B

( • 5 Water ) + Water = ( • 6 Water )

By formula: (I^- • 5H₂O) + H₂O = (I^- • 6H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	7.80	kcal/mol	N/A	Markovich, Pollack, et al., 1994	gas phase; For photodissociation plus electron loss. Affinity is difference from lower solvated ion.; B

( • 6 Water ) + Water = ( • 7 Water )

By formula: (I^- • 6H₂O) + H₂O = (I^- • 7H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	1.80	kcal/mol	N/A	Markovich, Pollack, et al., 1994	gas phase; For photodissociation plus electron loss. Affinity is difference from lower solvated ion.; B

( • 7 Water ) + Water = ( • 8 Water )

By formula: (I^- • 7H₂O) + H₂O = (I^- • 8H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	0.70	kcal/mol	N/A	Markovich, Pollack, et al., 1994	gas phase; For photodissociation plus electron loss. Affinity is difference from lower solvated ion.; B

( • 8 Water ) + Water = ( • 9 Water )

By formula: (I^- • 8H₂O) + H₂O = (I^- • 9H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	3.90	kcal/mol	N/A	Markovich, Pollack, et al., 1994	gas phase; For photodissociation plus electron loss. Affinity is difference from lower solvated ion.; B

( • 9 Water ) + Water = ( • 10 Water )

By formula: (I^- • 9H₂O) + H₂O = (I^- • 10H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	1.40	kcal/mol	N/A	Markovich, Pollack, et al., 1994	gas phase; For photodissociation plus electron loss. Affinity is difference from lower solvated ion.; B

( • 10 Water ) + Water = ( • 11 Water )

By formula: (I^- • 10H₂O) + H₂O = (I^- • 11H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	0.70	kcal/mol	N/A	Markovich, Pollack, et al., 1994	gas phase; For photodissociation plus electron loss. Affinity is difference from lower solvated ion.; B

( • 11 Water ) + Water = ( • 12 Water )

By formula: (I^- • 11H₂O) + H₂O = (I^- • 12H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	1.40	kcal/mol	N/A	Markovich, Pollack, et al., 1994	gas phase; For photodissociation plus electron loss. Affinity is difference from lower solvated ion.; B

( • 12 Water ) + Water = ( • 13 Water )

By formula: (I^- • 12H₂O) + H₂O = (I^- • 13H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	1.80	kcal/mol	N/A	Markovich, Pollack, et al., 1994	gas phase; For photodissociation plus electron loss. Affinity is difference from lower solvated ion.; B

( • 13 Water ) + Water = ( • 14 Water )

By formula: (I^- • 13H₂O) + H₂O = (I^- • 14H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	0.20	kcal/mol	N/A	Markovich, Pollack, et al., 1994	gas phase; For photodissociation plus electron loss. Affinity is difference from lower solvated ion.; B

( • 14 Water ) + Water = ( • 15 Water )

By formula: (I^- • 14H₂O) + H₂O = (I^- • 15H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	1.20	kcal/mol	N/A	Markovich, Pollack, et al., 1994	gas phase; For photodissociation plus electron loss. Affinity is difference from lower solvated ion.; B

( • 15 Water ) + Water = ( • 16 Water )

By formula: (I^- • 15H₂O) + H₂O = (I^- • 16H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	1.20	kcal/mol	N/A	Markovich, Pollack, et al., 1994	gas phase; For photodissociation plus electron loss. Affinity is difference from lower solvated ion.; B

( • ) + Water = ( • Water • )

By formula: (I^- • O₂S) + H₂O = (I^- • H₂O • O₂S)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	3.50 ± 0.10	kcal/mol	TDAs	Banic and Iribarne, 1985	gas phase; B

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
3.5	300.	HPMS	Banic and Iribarne, 1985	gas phase; electric fields; M

( • ) + Water = ( • Water • )

By formula: (K⁺ • CH₄O) + H₂O = (K⁺ • H₂O • CH₄O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	15.6	kcal/mol	HPMS	Evans and Keesee, 1991	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	22.5	cal/mol*K	HPMS	Evans and Keesee, 1991	gas phase; M

( • 2) + Water = ( • Water • 2)

By formula: (K⁺ • 2CH₄O) + H₂O = (K⁺ • H₂O • 2CH₄O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	11.3	kcal/mol	HPMS	Evans and Keesee, 1991	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	18.0	cal/mol*K	HPMS	Evans and Keesee, 1991	gas phase; M

( • ) + Water = ( • Water • )

By formula: (K⁺ • C₆H₆) + H₂O = (K⁺ • H₂O • C₆H₆)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	18.1	kcal/mol	HPMS	Sunner, Nishizawa, et al., 1981	gas phase; switching reaction(K+ C6H6)C6H6; Searles and Kebarle, 1969; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	29.9	cal/mol*K	HPMS	Sunner, Nishizawa, et al., 1981	gas phase; switching reaction(K+ C6H6)C6H6; Searles and Kebarle, 1969; M

( • 2) + Water = ( • Water • 2)

By formula: (K⁺ • 2C₆H₆) + H₂O = (K⁺ • H₂O • 2C₆H₆)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	13.7	kcal/mol	HPMS	Sunner, Nishizawa, et al., 1981	gas phase; switching reaction(K+ 2H2O)C6H6; Searles and Kebarle, 1969; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	26.1	cal/mol*K	HPMS	Sunner, Nishizawa, et al., 1981	gas phase; switching reaction(K+ 2H2O)C6H6; Searles and Kebarle, 1969; M

+ Water = ( • Water )

By formula: K⁺ + H₂O = (K⁺ • H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	16.9	kcal/mol	HPMS	Davidson and Kebarle, 1976	gas phase; M
Δ_rH°	16. ± 3.	kcal/mol	HPMS	Blades, Jayaweera, et al., 1990	gas phase; electospray, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Δ_rH°	19.4 ± 2.5	kcal/mol	MS	Burdett and Hayhurst, 1982	gas phase; flame source, about 1600 K; M
Δ_rH°	17.9	kcal/mol	HPMS	Searles and Kebarle, 1969	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	19.9	cal/mol*K	HPMS	Davidson and Kebarle, 1976	gas phase; M
Δ_rS°	23.	cal/mol*K	N/A	Blades, Jayaweera, et al., 1990	gas phase; electospray, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Δ_rS°	21.3	cal/mol*K	MS	Burdett and Hayhurst, 1982	gas phase; flame source, about 1600 K; M
Δ_rS°	21.6	cal/mol*K	HPMS	Searles and Kebarle, 1969	gas phase; M

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
9.0	300.	HPMS	Blades, Jayaweera, et al., 1990	gas phase; electospray, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
0.4	840.	MS	Chupka, 1959	gas phase; Knudsen cell, 840+-50K; M

( • Water • ) + Water = ( • 2 Water • )

By formula: (K⁺ • H₂O • CH₄O) + H₂O = (K⁺ • 2H₂O • CH₄O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	13.1	kcal/mol	HPMS	Evans and Keesee, 1991	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	22.6	cal/mol*K	HPMS	Evans and Keesee, 1991	gas phase; M

( • Water • ) + Water = ( • 2 Water • )

By formula: (K⁺ • H₂O • C₆H₆) + H₂O = (K⁺ • 2H₂O • C₆H₆)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	12.7	kcal/mol	HPMS	Sunner, Nishizawa, et al., 1981	gas phase; From thermochemical cycle,switching reaction(K+)3H2O; Searles and Kebarle, 1969; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	21.4	cal/mol*K	HPMS	Sunner, Nishizawa, et al., 1981	gas phase; From thermochemical cycle,switching reaction(K+)3H2O; Searles and Kebarle, 1969; M

( • Water • 2) + Water = ( • 2 Water • 2)

By formula: (K⁺ • H₂O • 2C₆H₆) + H₂O = (K⁺ • 2H₂O • 2C₆H₆)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	12.2	kcal/mol	HPMS	Sunner, Nishizawa, et al., 1981	gas phase; From thermochemical cycle(K+ 3H2O)C6H6; Searles and Kebarle, 1969; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	29.4	cal/mol*K	HPMS	Sunner, Nishizawa, et al., 1981	gas phase; From thermochemical cycle(K+ 3H2O)C6H6; Searles and Kebarle, 1969; M

( • 2 Water • ) + Water = ( • 3 Water • )

By formula: (K⁺ • 2H₂O • C₆H₆) + H₂O = (K⁺ • 3H₂O • C₆H₆)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	11.8	kcal/mol	HPMS	Sunner, Nishizawa, et al., 1981	gas phase; From thermochemical cycle,switching reaction(K+)4H2O; Searles and Kebarle, 1969; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	26.3	cal/mol*K	HPMS	Sunner, Nishizawa, et al., 1981	gas phase; From thermochemical cycle,switching reaction(K+)4H2O; Searles and Kebarle, 1969; M

( • Water ) + Water = ( • 2 Water )

By formula: (K⁺ • H₂O) + H₂O = (K⁺ • 2H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	16. ± 3.	kcal/mol	HPMS	Blades, Jayaweera, et al., 1990	gas phase; electospray, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Δ_rH°	16.1	kcal/mol	HPMS	Searles and Kebarle, 1969	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	23.	cal/mol*K	N/A	Blades, Jayaweera, et al., 1990	gas phase; electospray, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Δ_rS°	24.2	cal/mol*K	HPMS	Searles and Kebarle, 1969	gas phase; M

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
9.2	300.	HPMS	Blades, Jayaweera, et al., 1990	gas phase; electospray, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

( • 2 Water ) + Water = ( • 3 Water )

By formula: (K⁺ • 2H₂O) + H₂O = (K⁺ • 3H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	13.0	kcal/mol	ES/HPMS	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1996	gas phase; M
Δ_rH°	14. ± 3.	kcal/mol	HPMS	Blades, Jayaweera, et al., 1990	gas phase; electospray, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Δ_rH°	13.2	kcal/mol	HPMS	Searles and Kebarle, 1969	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	22.5	cal/mol*K	ES/HPMS	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1996	gas phase; M
Δ_rS°	23.	cal/mol*K	N/A	Blades, Jayaweera, et al., 1990	gas phase; electospray, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Δ_rS°	23.0	cal/mol*K	HPMS	Searles and Kebarle, 1969	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	6.3	kcal/mol	ES/HPMS	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1996	gas phase; M

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
6.6	300.	HPMS	Blades, Jayaweera, et al., 1990	gas phase; electospray, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

( • 3 Water ) + Water = ( • 4 Water )

By formula: (K⁺ • 3H₂O) + H₂O = (K⁺ • 4H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	13. ± 3.	kcal/mol	HPMS	Blades, Jayaweera, et al., 1990	gas phase; electospray, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Δ_rH°	11.8	kcal/mol	HPMS	Searles and Kebarle, 1969	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	23.	cal/mol*K	N/A	Blades, Jayaweera, et al., 1990	gas phase; electospray, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Δ_rS°	24.7	cal/mol*K	HPMS	Searles and Kebarle, 1969	gas phase; M

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
5.9	300.	HPMS	Blades, Jayaweera, et al., 1990	gas phase; electospray, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

( • 4 Water ) + Water = ( • 5 Water )

By formula: (K⁺ • 4H₂O) + H₂O = (K⁺ • 5H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	10.7	kcal/mol	HPMS	Searles and Kebarle, 1969	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	25.2	cal/mol*K	HPMS	Searles and Kebarle, 1969	gas phase; M

( • 5 Water ) + Water = ( • 6 Water )

By formula: (K⁺ • 5H₂O) + H₂O = (K⁺ • 6H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	10.0	kcal/mol	HPMS	Searles and Kebarle, 1969	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	25.7	cal/mol*K	HPMS	Searles and Kebarle, 1969	gas phase; M

+ Water = ( • Water )

By formula: Li⁺ + H₂O = (Li⁺ • H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	32.3 ± 1.9	kcal/mol	CIDT	Rodgers and Armentrout, 2000	RCD
Δ_rH°	34.	kcal/mol	HPMS	Dzidic and Kebarle, 1970	gas phase; interpolated; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	23.	cal/mol*K	HPMS	Dzidic and Kebarle, 1970	gas phase; interpolated; M

( • Water ) + Water = ( • 2 Water )

By formula: (Li⁺ • H₂O) + H₂O = (Li⁺ • 2H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	27.0 ± 2.4	kcal/mol	CIDT	Rodgers and Armentrout, 2000	RCD
Δ_rH°	25.8	kcal/mol	HPMS	Dzidic and Kebarle, 1970	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	21.1	cal/mol*K	HPMS	Dzidic and Kebarle, 1970	gas phase; M

( • 2 Water ) + Water = ( • 3 Water )

By formula: (Li⁺ • 2H₂O) + H₂O = (Li⁺ • 3H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	22.5 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	CIDT	Rodgers and Armentrout, 2000	RCD
Δ_rH°	17. ± 3.	kcal/mol	HPMS	Blades, Jayaweera, et al., 1990	gas phase; electrospray; M
Δ_rH°	20.7	kcal/mol	HPMS	Dzidic and Kebarle, 1970	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	23.	cal/mol*K	HPMS	Blades, Jayaweera, et al., 1990	gas phase; electrospray; M
Δ_rS°	24.9	cal/mol*K	HPMS	Dzidic and Kebarle, 1970	gas phase; M

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
10.0	300.	HPMS	Blades, Jayaweera, et al., 1990	gas phase; electrospray; M

( • 3 Water ) + Water = ( • 4 Water )

By formula: (Li⁺ • 3H₂O) + H₂O = (Li⁺ • 4H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	16.7 ± 1.2	kcal/mol	CIDT	Rodgers and Armentrout, 2000	RCD
Δ_rH°	16.4	kcal/mol	HPMS	Dzidic and Kebarle, 1970	gas phase; M
Δ_rH°	15. ± 3.	kcal/mol	HPMS	Blades, Jayaweera, et al., 1990	gas phase; electrospray, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	29.9	cal/mol*K	HPMS	Dzidic and Kebarle, 1970	gas phase; M
Δ_rS°	23.	cal/mol*K	N/A	Blades, Jayaweera, et al., 1990	gas phase; electrospray, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
7.8	300.	HPMS	Blades, Jayaweera, et al., 1990	gas phase; electrospray, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

( • 4 Water ) + Water = ( • 5 Water )

By formula: (Li⁺ • 4H₂O) + H₂O = (Li⁺ • 5H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	13.6 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	CIDT	Rodgers and Armentrout, 2000	RCD
Δ_rH°	13.9	kcal/mol	HPMS	Dzidic and Kebarle, 1970	gas phase; M
Δ_rH°	12. ± 3.	kcal/mol	HPMS	Blades, Jayaweera, et al., 1990	gas phase; electospray, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	31.4	cal/mol*K	HPMS	Dzidic and Kebarle, 1970	gas phase; M
Δ_rS°	23.	cal/mol*K	N/A	Blades, Jayaweera, et al., 1990	gas phase; electospray, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
5.5	300.	HPMS	Blades, Jayaweera, et al., 1990	gas phase; electospray, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

( • 5 Water ) + Water = ( • 6 Water )

By formula: (Li⁺ • 5H₂O) + H₂O = (Li⁺ • 6H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	14.3 ± 1.2	kcal/mol	CIDT	Rodgers and Armentrout, 2000	RCD
Δ_rH°	12.1	kcal/mol	HPMS	Dzidic and Kebarle, 1970	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	32.0	cal/mol*K	HPMS	Dzidic and Kebarle, 1970	gas phase; M

+ Water = ( • Water )

By formula: Mg⁺ + H₂O = (Mg⁺ • H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	28.3 ± 3.0	kcal/mol	CIDT	Andersen, Muntean, et al., 2000	RCD

Enthalpy of reaction

Δ_rH° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
28.4 (+3.0,-0.)		CID	Dalleska, Tjelta, et al., 1994	gas phase; guided ion beam CID, Mg+ (3s1); M

( • Water ) + Water = ( • 2 Water )

By formula: (Mg⁺ • H₂O) + H₂O = (Mg⁺ • 2H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	22.3 ± 1.6	kcal/mol	CIDT	Andersen, Muntean, et al., 2000	RCD

Enthalpy of reaction

Δ_rH° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
22.4 (+1.6,-0.)		CID	Dalleska, Tjelta, et al., 1994	gas phase; guided ion beam CID, Mg+ (3s1); M

( • 2 Water ) + Water = ( • 3 Water )

By formula: (Mg⁺ • 2H₂O) + H₂O = (Mg⁺ • 3H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	17.3 ± 2.1	kcal/mol	CIDT	Andersen, Muntean, et al., 2000	RCD

Enthalpy of reaction

Δ_rH° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
17.3 (+2.1,-0.)		CID	Dalleska, Tjelta, et al., 1994	gas phase; guided ion beam CID, Mg+ (3s1); M

( • 3 Water ) + Water = ( • 4 Water )

By formula: (Mg⁺ • 3H₂O) + H₂O = (Mg⁺ • 4H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	11.5 ± 2.1	kcal/mol	CIDT	Andersen, Muntean, et al., 2000	RCD

Enthalpy of reaction

Δ_rH° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
11.5 (+2.1,-0.)		CID	Dalleska, Tjelta, et al., 1994	gas phase; guided ion beam CID, Mg+ (3s1); M

(Mg⁺² • 7 Water ) + Water = (Mg⁺² • 8 Water )

By formula: (Mg⁺² • 7H₂O) + H₂O = (Mg⁺² • 8H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	15. ± 3.	kcal/mol	HPMS	Blades, Jayaweera, et al., 1990	gas phase; electospray, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	23.	cal/mol*K	N/A	Blades, Jayaweera, et al., 1990	gas phase; electospray, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
8.4	300.	HPMS	Blades, Jayaweera, et al., 1990	gas phase; electospray, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

(Mg⁺² • 8 Water ) + Water = (Mg⁺² • 9 Water )

By formula: (Mg⁺² • 8H₂O) + H₂O = (Mg⁺² • 9H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	15. ± 3.	kcal/mol	HPMS	Blades, Jayaweera, et al., 1990	gas phase; electospray, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	23.	cal/mol*K	N/A	Blades, Jayaweera, et al., 1990	gas phase; electospray, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
8.2	300.	HPMS	Blades, Jayaweera, et al., 1990	gas phase; electospray, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

(Mg⁺² • 9 Water ) + Water = (Mg⁺² • 10 Water )

By formula: (Mg⁺² • 9H₂O) + H₂O = (Mg⁺² • 10H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	15. ± 3.	kcal/mol	HPMS	Blades, Jayaweera, et al., 1990	gas phase; electospray, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	23.	cal/mol*K	N/A	Blades, Jayaweera, et al., 1990	gas phase; electospray, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
8.2	300.	HPMS	Blades, Jayaweera, et al., 1990	gas phase; electospray, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

(Mg⁺² • 10 Water ) + Water = (Mg⁺² • 11 Water )

By formula: (Mg⁺² • 10H₂O) + H₂O = (Mg⁺² • 11H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	14. ± 3.	kcal/mol	HPMS	Blades, Jayaweera, et al., 1990	gas phase; electospray, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	23.	cal/mol*K	N/A	Blades, Jayaweera, et al., 1990	gas phase; electospray, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
7.2	293.	ES/HPMS	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; M
7.4	300.	HPMS	Blades, Jayaweera, et al., 1990	gas phase; electospray, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

(Mg⁺² • 11 Water ) + Water = (Mg⁺² • 12 Water )

By formula: (Mg⁺² • 11H₂O) + H₂O = (Mg⁺² • 12H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	14. ± 3.	kcal/mol	HPMS	Blades, Jayaweera, et al., 1990	gas phase; electospray, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	23.	cal/mol*K	N/A	Blades, Jayaweera, et al., 1990	gas phase; electospray, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
6.6	293.	ES/HPMS	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; M
7.2	300.	HPMS	Blades, Jayaweera, et al., 1990	gas phase; electospray, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

(Mg⁺² • 12 Water ) + Water = (Mg⁺² • 13 Water )

By formula: (Mg⁺² • 12H₂O) + H₂O = (Mg⁺² • 13H₂O)

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
6.0	293.	ES/HPMS	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; M

(Mg⁺² • 13 Water ) + Water = (Mg⁺² • 14 Water )

By formula: (Mg⁺² • 13H₂O) + H₂O = (Mg⁺² • 14H₂O)

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
5.5	293.	ES/HPMS	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; M

(Mg⁺² • 14 Water ) + Water = (Mg⁺² • 15 Water )

By formula: (Mg⁺² • 14H₂O) + H₂O = (Mg⁺² • 15H₂O)

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
5.2	293.	ES/HPMS	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; M

(Mg⁺² • 15 Water ) + Water = (Mg⁺² • 16 Water )

By formula: (Mg⁺² • 15H₂O) + H₂O = (Mg⁺² • 16H₂O)

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
4.9	293.	ES/HPMS	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; M

+ Water = ( • Water )

By formula: Mn⁺ + H₂O = (Mn⁺ • H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	33. ± 3.	kcal/mol	CID	Magnera, David, et al., 1989	gas phase; M
Δ_rH°	26.5	kcal/mol	CID	Marinelli and Squires, 1989	gas phase; M

Enthalpy of reaction

Δ_rH° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
28.4 (+1.4,-0.)		CID	Armentrout and Kickel, 1994	gas phase; guided ion beam CID; M

( • Water ) + Water = ( • 2 Water )

By formula: (Mn⁺ • H₂O) + H₂O = (Mn⁺ • 2H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	17.8	kcal/mol	CID	Marinelli and Squires, 1989	gas phase; M

Enthalpy of reaction

Δ_rH° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
21.5 (+1.2,-0.)		CID	Armentrout and Kickel, 1994	gas phase; guided ion beam CID; M

( • 2 Water ) + Water = ( • 3 Water )

By formula: (Mn⁺ • 2H₂O) + H₂O = (Mn⁺ • 3H₂O)

Enthalpy of reaction

Δ_rH° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
25.8 (+1.4,-0.)		CID	Armentrout and Kickel, 1994	gas phase; guided ion beam CID; M

( • 3 Water ) + Water = ( • 4 Water )

By formula: (Mn⁺ • 3H₂O) + H₂O = (Mn⁺ • 4H₂O)

Enthalpy of reaction

Δ_rH° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
12.0 (+1.2,-0.)		CID	Armentrout and Kickel, 1994	gas phase; guided ion beam CID; M

(Mn⁺² • 8 Water ) + Water = (Mn⁺² • 9 Water )

By formula: (Mn⁺² • 8H₂O) + H₂O = (Mn⁺² • 9H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	15. ± 3.	kcal/mol	HPMS	Blades, Jayaweera, et al., 1990	gas phase; electospray, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	23.	cal/mol*K	N/A	Blades, Jayaweera, et al., 1990	gas phase; electospray, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
8.3	300.	HPMS	Blades, Jayaweera, et al., 1990	gas phase; electospray, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

(Mn⁺² • 9 Water ) + Water = (Mn⁺² • 10 Water )

By formula: (Mn⁺² • 9H₂O) + H₂O = (Mn⁺² • 10H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	15. ± 3.	kcal/mol	HPMS	Blades, Jayaweera, et al., 1990	gas phase; electospray, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	23.	cal/mol*K	N/A	Blades, Jayaweera, et al., 1990	gas phase; electospray, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
8.2	300.	HPMS	Blades, Jayaweera, et al., 1990	gas phase; electospray, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

(Mn⁺² • 10 Water ) + Water = (Mn⁺² • 11 Water )

By formula: (Mn⁺² • 10H₂O) + H₂O = (Mn⁺² • 11H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	15. ± 3.	kcal/mol	HPMS	Blades, Jayaweera, et al., 1990	gas phase; electospray, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	23.	cal/mol*K	N/A	Blades, Jayaweera, et al., 1990	gas phase; electospray, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
7.6	300.	HPMS	Blades, Jayaweera, et al., 1990	gas phase; electospray, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

(Mn⁺² • 11 Water ) + Water = (Mn⁺² • 12 Water )

By formula: (Mn⁺² • 11H₂O) + H₂O = (Mn⁺² • 12H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	14. ± 3.	kcal/mol	HPMS	Blades, Jayaweera, et al., 1990	gas phase; electrospray, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	23.	cal/mol*K	N/A	Blades, Jayaweera, et al., 1990	gas phase; electrospray, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
7.1	300.	HPMS	Blades, Jayaweera, et al., 1990	gas phase; electrospray, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

+ Water = ( • Water )

By formula: NO^- + H₂O = (NO^- • H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	18.5	kcal/mol	PHPMS	French, Hills, et al., 1973	gas phase; M
Δ_rH°	16.6	kcal/mol	PES	Eaton, Arnold, et al., 1990	gas phase; M
Δ_rH°	22.7	kcal/mol	MS	Burdett and Hayhurst, 1982	gas phase; flame source, about 1600 K; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	23.0	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	French, Hills, et al., 1973	gas phase; M
Δ_rS°	23.9	cal/mol*K	MS	Burdett and Hayhurst, 1982	gas phase; flame source, about 1600 K; M

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
12.7	296.	SAMS	Puckett and Teague, 1971	gas phase; switching reaction(NO+)NO; M

( • Water ) + Water = ( • 2 Water )

By formula: (NO^- • H₂O) + H₂O = (NO^- • 2H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	15.70	kcal/mol	N/A	Eaton, Arnold, et al., 1990	gas phase; Vertical Detachment Energy: 1.860±0.020 eV; B,M
Δ_rH°	16.1	kcal/mol	PHPMS	French, Hills, et al., 1973	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	25.5	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	French, Hills, et al., 1973	gas phase; M

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
8.4	293.	HPMS	McAdams and Bone, 1972	gas phase; M
8.5	296.	FA	Howard, Rundle, et al., 1971	gas phase; M
8.5	296.	SAMS	Puckett and Teague, 1971	gas phase; M

( • 2 Water ) + Water = ( • 3 Water )

By formula: (NO^- • 2H₂O) + H₂O = (NO^- • 3H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	17.8	kcal/mol	PES	Eaton, Arnold, et al., 1990	gas phase; M

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
5.4	308.	PHPMS	French, Hills, et al., 1973	gas phase; M
5.9	293.	HPMS	McAdams and Bone, 1972	gas phase; M
6.0	296.	FA	Howard, Rundle, et al., 1971	gas phase; M
6.0	296.	SAMS	Puckett and Teague, 1971	gas phase; M

NO₂⁺ + Water = (NO₂⁺ • Water )

By formula: NO₂⁺ + H₂O = (NO₂⁺ • H₂O)

Enthalpy of reaction

Δ_rH° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
16.1 (+2.3,-0.)		PD/KERD	Graul, Kim, et al., 1992	gas phase; M

+ Water = ( • Water )

By formula: NO₂^- + H₂O = (NO₂^- • H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	16. ± 4.	kcal/mol	AVG	N/A	Average of 6 values; Individual data points
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	20.3	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Sieck, 1985	gas phase; M
Δ_rS°	20.0	cal/mol*K	FA	Bohringer, Fahey, et al., 1984	gas phase; switching reaction(NO2-)H2O; Lee, Keesee, et al., 1980; M
Δ_rS°	23.8	cal/mol*K	HPMS	Lee, Keesee, et al., 1980	gas phase; M
Δ_rS°	21.	cal/mol*K	HPMS	Payzant, Yamdagni, et al., 1971	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	8.50 ± 0.20	kcal/mol	TDAs	Sieck, 1985	gas phase; B
Δ_rG°	8.50 ± 0.30	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; T: 293 K. ΔSaff approx. 24 cal/mol-K; B,M
Δ_rG°	8.1 ± 5.8	kcal/mol	Endo	Paulson and Dale, 1982	gas phase; B
Δ_rG°	8.10 ± 0.20	kcal/mol	TDAs	Lee, Keesee, et al., 1980	gas phase; B
Δ_rG°	8.00	kcal/mol	TDAs	Payzant, Yamdagni, et al., 1971	gas phase; B

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
8.0	296.	FA	Fehsenfeld and Ferguson, 1974	gas phase; M
8.4	300.	SAMS	Payzant, Cunningham, et al., 1972	gas phase; M

( • Water ) + Water = ( • 2 Water )

By formula: (NO₂^- • H₂O) + H₂O = (NO₂^- • 2H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	13.0 ± 1.5	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; T: 293 K. ΔSaff approx. 24 cal/mol-K; B
Δ_rH°	12.9 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Payzant, Yamdagni, et al., 1971	gas phase; B,M
Δ_rH°	12.9 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Arshadi, Yamdagni, et al., 1970	gas phase; B
Δ_rH°	13.6	kcal/mol	HPMS	Lee, Keesee, et al., 1980	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	26.4	cal/mol*K	HPMS	Lee, Keesee, et al., 1980	gas phase; M
Δ_rS°	23.7	cal/mol*K	HPMS	Payzant, Yamdagni, et al., 1971	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	6.00 ± 0.30	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; T: 293 K. ΔSaff approx. 24 cal/mol-K; B,M
Δ_rG°	5.8 ± 1.4	kcal/mol	TDAs	Payzant, Yamdagni, et al., 1971	gas phase; B
Δ_rG°	5.80	kcal/mol	TDAs	Arshadi, Yamdagni, et al., 1970	gas phase; B
Δ_rG°	6.1 ± 2.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Kebarle, Arshadi, et al., 1968	gas phase; B,M

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
5.9	296.	FA	Fehsenfeld and Ferguson, 1974	gas phase; M
5.8	300.	SAMS	Payzant, Cunningham, et al., 1972	gas phase; M

( • 2 Water ) + Water = ( • 3 Water )

By formula: (NO₂^- • 2H₂O) + H₂O = (NO₂^- • 3H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	11.5 ± 1.5	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; T: 293 K. ΔSaff approx. 24 cal/mol-K; B
Δ_rH°	10.4 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Payzant, Yamdagni, et al., 1971	gas phase; B,M
Δ_rH°	10.4 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Arshadi, Yamdagni, et al., 1970	gas phase; B
Δ_rH°	11.7	kcal/mol	HPMS	Lee, Keesee, et al., 1980	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	25.8	cal/mol*K	HPMS	Lee, Keesee, et al., 1980	gas phase; M
Δ_rS°	21.2	cal/mol*K	HPMS	Payzant, Yamdagni, et al., 1971	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	4.50 ± 0.30	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; T: 293 K. ΔSaff approx. 24 cal/mol-K; B,M
Δ_rG°	4.0 ± 1.4	kcal/mol	TDAs	Payzant, Yamdagni, et al., 1971	gas phase; B
Δ_rG°	4.10	kcal/mol	TDAs	Arshadi, Yamdagni, et al., 1970	gas phase; B
Δ_rG°	4.5 ± 2.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Kebarle, Arshadi, et al., 1968	gas phase; B,M

( • 3 Water ) + Water = ( • 4 Water )

By formula: (NO₂^- • 3H₂O) + H₂O = (NO₂^- • 4H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	11.6	kcal/mol	HPMS	Lee, Keesee, et al., 1980	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	29.0	cal/mol*K	HPMS	Lee, Keesee, et al., 1980	gas phase; M

( • ) + Water = ( • Water • )

By formula: (NO₃^- • HNO₃) + H₂O = (NO₃^- • H₂O • HNO₃)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	13.0	kcal/mol	ATM	Arnold, Viggiano, et al., 1982	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	25.	cal/mol*K	N/A	Arnold, Viggiano, et al., 1982	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
7.3	233.	ATM	Arnold, Viggiano, et al., 1982	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

+ Water = ( • Water )

By formula: NO₃^- + H₂O = (NO₃^- • H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	14.60 ± 0.20	kcal/mol	N/A	Lee, Keesee, et al., 1980	gas phase; B,M
Δ_rH°	14.1 ± 1.5	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; T: 293 K. ΔSaff approx. 24 cal/mol-K; B
Δ_rH°	12.40	kcal/mol	TDAs	Payzant, Yamdagni, et al., 1971	gas phase; B,M
Δ_rH°	14.8	kcal/mol	ATM	Arnold and Qiu, 1984	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Δ_rH°	19.2	kcal/mol	FA	Bohringer, Fahey, et al., 1984	gas phase; switching reaction(NO3-)H2O; Lee, Keesee, et al., 1980; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	25.0	cal/mol*K	HPMS	Lee, Keesee, et al., 1980	gas phase; M
Δ_rS°	25.	cal/mol*K	N/A	Arnold and Qiu, 1984	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Δ_rS°	21.3	cal/mol*K	FA	Bohringer, Fahey, et al., 1984	gas phase; switching reaction(NO3-)H2O; Lee, Keesee, et al., 1980; M
Δ_rS°	19.1	cal/mol*K	HPMS	Payzant, Yamdagni, et al., 1971	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	7.20 ± 0.30	kcal/mol	TDAs	Lee, Keesee, et al., 1980	gas phase; B
Δ_rG°	7.10 ± 0.30	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; T: 293 K. ΔSaff approx. 24 cal/mol-K; B,M
Δ_rG°	7.30 ± 0.10	kcal/mol	TDAs	Banic and Iribarne, 1985	gas phase; B
Δ_rG°	6.70	kcal/mol	TDAs	Payzant, Yamdagni, et al., 1971	gas phase; B

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
8.8	250.	ATM	Arnold and Qiu, 1984	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
6.8	296.	FA	Fehsenfeld and Ferguson, 1974	gas phase; M
7.0	300.	SAMS	Payzant, Cunningham, et al., 1972	gas phase; M

+ Water + = C₃H₈NO₆^-

By formula: NO₃^- + H₂O + C₃H₆O₂ = C₃H₈NO₆^-

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	3.90 ± 0.20	kcal/mol	IMRE	Viidanoja, Reiner, et al., 2000	gas phase; B

+ Water + = C₄H₁₀NO₆^-

By formula: NO₃^- + H₂O + C₄H₈O₂ = C₄H₁₀NO₆^-

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	3.80 ± 0.20	kcal/mol	IMRE	Viidanoja, Reiner, et al., 2000	gas phase; B

( • Water ) + Water = ( • 2 Water )

By formula: (NO₃^- • H₂O) + H₂O = (NO₃^- • 2H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	12.2 ± 1.5	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; T: 293 K. ΔSaff approx. 24 cal/mol-K; B
Δ_rH°	14.3	kcal/mol	HPMS	Lee, Keesee, et al., 1980	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	30.3	cal/mol*K	HPMS	Lee, Keesee, et al., 1980	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	5.20 ± 0.30	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; T: 293 K. ΔSaff approx. 24 cal/mol-K; B,M
Δ_rG°	5.20 ± 0.10	kcal/mol	TDAs	Banic and Iribarne, 1985	gas phase; B

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
5.2	301.	HPMS	Banic and Iribarne, 1985	gas phase; electric fields; M
5.0	296.	FA	Fehsenfeld and Ferguson, 1974	gas phase; M

( • 2 Water ) + Water = ( • 3 Water )

By formula: (NO₃^- • 2H₂O) + H₂O = (NO₃^- • 3H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	10.9 ± 1.5	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; T: 293 K. ΔSaff approx. 24 cal/mol-K; B
Δ_rH°	13.8	kcal/mol	HPMS	Lee, Keesee, et al., 1980	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	33.2	cal/mol*K	HPMS	Lee, Keesee, et al., 1980	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	3.90 ± 0.30	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; T: 293 K. ΔSaff approx. 24 cal/mol-K; B,M

( • ) + Water = ( • Water • )

By formula: (NO₃^- • O₂S) + H₂O = (NO₃^- • H₂O • O₂S)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	4.30 ± 0.10	kcal/mol	TDAs	Banic and Iribarne, 1985	gas phase; B

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
4.3	299.	HPMS	Banic and Iribarne, 1985	gas phase; electric fields; M

+ Water = H₂N₃O^-

By formula: N₃^- + H₂O = H₂N₃O^-

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	11. ± 18.	kcal/mol	N/A	Yang, Kiran, et al., 2004	gas phase; Affinity: EA change (H2O)n-1..N3- ion. Vertical Detachment Energy: 3.25±0.03 eV; B

( • ) + Water = ( • Water • )

By formula: (Na⁺ • CO₂) + H₂O = (Na⁺ • H₂O • CO₂)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	20.7	kcal/mol	HPMS	Peterson, Mark, et al., 1984	gas phase; From thermochemical cycle; Dzidic and Kebarle, 1970; M
Δ_rH°	22.9	kcal/mol	FA	Perry, Rowe, et al., 1980	gas phase; From thermochemical cycle(Na+) 2H2O; Dzidic and Kebarle, 1970, Peterson, Mark, et al., 1984; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	25.3	cal/mol*K	HPMS	Peterson, Mark, et al., 1984	gas phase; From thermochemical cycle; Dzidic and Kebarle, 1970; M
Δ_rS°	25.6	cal/mol*K	FA	Perry, Rowe, et al., 1980	gas phase; From thermochemical cycle(Na+) 2H2O; Dzidic and Kebarle, 1970, Peterson, Mark, et al., 1984; M

+ Water = ( • Water )

By formula: Na⁺ + H₂O = (Na⁺ • H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	24.0	kcal/mol	HPMS	Dzidic and Kebarle, 1970	gas phase; M
Δ_rH°	21.0 ± 1.4	kcal/mol	CIDC	Amicangelo and Armentrout, 2001	Anchor NH3=24.41; RCD
Δ_rH°	19.6 ± 1.4	kcal/mol	CIDC	Amicangelo and Armentrout, 2001	Anchor NH3=24.41; RCD
Δ_rH°	22.7 ± 1.9	kcal/mol	CIDT	Rodgers and Armentrout, 2000	RCD
Δ_rH°	26.5	kcal/mol	MS	Burdett and Hayhurst, 1982	gas phase; flame source, 1600 K; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	21.5	cal/mol*K	HPMS	Dzidic and Kebarle, 1970	gas phase; M
Δ_rS°	22.	cal/mol*K	MS	Burdett and Hayhurst, 1982	gas phase; flame source, 1600 K; M

Enthalpy of reaction

Δ_rH° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
22.6 (+1.8,-0.)		CID	Dalleska, Tjelta, et al., 1994	gas phase; guided ion beam CID, Na+ (3s0); M

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
15.7	298.	IMRE	McMahon and Ohanessian, 2000	Anchor alanine=39.89; RCD

( • Water • ) + Water = ( • 2 Water • )

By formula: (Na⁺ • H₂O • CO₂) + H₂O = (Na⁺ • 2H₂O • CO₂)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	17.4	kcal/mol	HPMS	Peterson, Mark, et al., 1984	gas phase; From thermochemical cycle; Dzidic and Kebarle, 1970; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	23.6	cal/mol*K	HPMS	Peterson, Mark, et al., 1984	gas phase; From thermochemical cycle; Dzidic and Kebarle, 1970; M

( • 2 Water • ) + Water = ( • 3 Water • )

By formula: (Na⁺ • 2H₂O • CO₂) + H₂O = (Na⁺ • 3H₂O • CO₂)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	12.4	kcal/mol	HPMS	Peterson, Mark, et al., 1984	gas phase; From thermochemical cycle; Dzidic and Kebarle, 1970; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	23.	cal/mol*K	HPMS	Peterson, Mark, et al., 1984	gas phase; From thermochemical cycle; Dzidic and Kebarle, 1970; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	5.5	kcal/mol	HPMS	Peterson, Mark, et al., 1984	gas phase; From thermochemical cycle; Dzidic and Kebarle, 1970; M

( • Water ) + Water = ( • 2 Water )

By formula: (Na⁺ • H₂O) + H₂O = (Na⁺ • 2H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	19. ± 2.	kcal/mol	AVG	N/A	Average of 8 values; Individual data points
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	22.2	cal/mol*K	HPMS	Dzidic and Kebarle, 1970	gas phase; M
Δ_rS°	23.	cal/mol*K	N/A	Blades, Jayaweera, et al., 1990	gas phase; electrospray, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

Enthalpy of reaction

Δ_rH° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
19.6 (+1.4,-0.)		CID	Dalleska, Tjelta, et al., 1994	gas phase; guided ion beam CID, Na+ (3s0); M

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
10.0	300.	HPMS	Blades, Jayaweera, et al., 1990	gas phase; electrospray, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

( • 2 Water ) + Water = ( • 3 Water )

By formula: (Na⁺ • 2H₂O) + H₂O = (Na⁺ • 3H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	14.9	kcal/mol	HPMS	Tang, Lian, et al., 1976	gas phase; M
Δ_rH°	15.8	kcal/mol	HPMS	Dzidic and Kebarle, 1970	gas phase; M
Δ_rH°	16.7 ± 1.4	kcal/mol	CIDT	Rodgers and Armentrout, 2000	RCD
Δ_rH°	16.1	kcal/mol	ES/HPMS	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1996	gas phase; M
Δ_rH°	16. ± 3.	kcal/mol	HPMS	Blades, Jayaweera, et al., 1990	gas phase; electrospray, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	20.8	cal/mol*K	HPMS	Tang, Lian, et al., 1976	gas phase; M
Δ_rS°	21.9	cal/mol*K	HPMS	Dzidic and Kebarle, 1970	gas phase; M
Δ_rS°	22.0	cal/mol*K	ES/HPMS	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1996	gas phase; M
Δ_rS°	23.	cal/mol*K	N/A	Blades, Jayaweera, et al., 1990	gas phase; electrospray, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	9.5	kcal/mol	ES/HPMS	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1996	gas phase; M

Enthalpy of reaction

Δ_rH° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
16.8 (+1.4,-0.)		CID	Dalleska, Tjelta, et al., 1994	gas phase; guided ion beam CID, Na+ (3s0); M

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
9.4	300.	HPMS	Blades, Jayaweera, et al., 1990	gas phase; electrospray, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

( • 3 Water ) + Water = ( • 4 Water )

By formula: (Na⁺ • 3H₂O) + H₂O = (Na⁺ • 4H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	13.1 ± 0.9	kcal/mol	AVG	N/A	Average of 7 values; Individual data points
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	24. ± 3.	cal/mol*K	AVG	N/A	Average of 6 values; Individual data points
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	6.1	kcal/mol	ES/HPMS	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1996	gas phase; M

Enthalpy of reaction

Δ_rH° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
13.1 (+1.4,-0.)		CID	Dalleska, Tjelta, et al., 1994	gas phase; guided ion beam CID, Na+ (3s0); M

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
6.6	293.	ES/HPMS	Klassen, Blades, et al., 1995	gas phase; M
6.4	300.	HPMS	Blades, Jayaweera, et al., 1990	gas phase; electrospray, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

( • 4 Water ) + Water = ( • 5 Water )

By formula: (Na⁺ • 4H₂O) + H₂O = (Na⁺ • 5H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	10.7	kcal/mol	HPMS	Tang, Lian, et al., 1976	gas phase; M
Δ_rH°	11.6	kcal/mol	HPMS	Tang and Castleman, 1972	gas phase; M
Δ_rH°	12.3	kcal/mol	HPMS	Dzidic and Kebarle, 1970	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	24.9	cal/mol*K	HPMS	Tang, Lian, et al., 1976	gas phase; M
Δ_rS°	26.5	cal/mol*K	HPMS	Tang and Castleman, 1972	gas phase; M
Δ_rS°	28.1	cal/mol*K	HPMS	Dzidic and Kebarle, 1970	gas phase; M

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
4.7	293.	ES/HPMS	Klassen, Blades, et al., 1995	gas phase; M

( • 5 Water ) + Water = ( • 6 Water )

By formula: (Na⁺ • 5H₂O) + H₂O = (Na⁺ • 6H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	10.7	kcal/mol	HPMS	Dzidic and Kebarle, 1970	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	26.0	cal/mol*K	HPMS	Dzidic and Kebarle, 1970	gas phase; M

( • ) + Water = ( • Water • )

By formula: (Na⁺ • O₂S) + H₂O = (Na⁺ • H₂O • O₂S)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	19.8	kcal/mol	HPMS	Upschulte, Schelling, et al., 1984	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	20.2	cal/mol*K	HPMS	Upschulte, Schelling, et al., 1984	gas phase; M

+ Water = ( • Water )

By formula: Ni⁺ + H₂O = (Ni⁺ • H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	37. ± 3.	kcal/mol	CID	Magnera, David, et al., 1989	gas phase; M
Δ_rH°	39.7	kcal/mol	CID	Marinelli and Squires, 1989	gas phase; M

Enthalpy of reaction

Δ_rH° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
43.0 (+0.7,-0.)		CID	Armentrout and Kickel, 1994	gas phase; guided ion beam CID; M

( • Water ) + Water = ( • 2 Water )

By formula: (Ni⁺ • H₂O) + H₂O = (Ni⁺ • 2H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	40.6	kcal/mol	CID	Marinelli and Squires, 1989	gas phase; M

Enthalpy of reaction

Δ_rH° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
40.2 (+1.9,-0.)		CID	Armentrout and Kickel, 1994	gas phase; guided ion beam CID; M

( • 2 Water ) + Water = ( • 3 Water )

By formula: (Ni⁺ • 2H₂O) + H₂O = (Ni⁺ • 3H₂O)

Enthalpy of reaction

Δ_rH° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
16.3 (+1.4,-0.)		CID	Armentrout and Kickel, 1994	gas phase; guided ion beam CID; M

( • 3 Water ) + Water = ( • 4 Water )

By formula: (Ni⁺ • 3H₂O) + H₂O = (Ni⁺ • 4H₂O)

Enthalpy of reaction

Δ_rH° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
12.4 (+1.4,-0.)		CID	Armentrout and Kickel, 1994	gas phase; guided ion beam CID; M

(Ni⁺² • 7 Water ) + Water = (Ni⁺² • 8 Water )

By formula: (Ni⁺² • 7H₂O) + H₂O = (Ni⁺² • 8H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	15. ± 3.	kcal/mol	HPMS	Blades, Jayaweera, et al., 1990, 2	gas phase; electrospray, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	23.	cal/mol*K	N/A	Blades, Jayaweera, et al., 1990, 2	gas phase; electrospray, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
8.2	300.	HPMS	Blades, Jayaweera, et al., 1990, 2	gas phase; electrospray, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

(Ni⁺² • 8 Water ) + Water = (Ni⁺² • 9 Water )

By formula: (Ni⁺² • 8H₂O) + H₂O = (Ni⁺² • 9H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	15. ± 3.	kcal/mol	HPMS	Blades, Jayaweera, et al., 1990, 2	gas phase; electrospray, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	23.	cal/mol*K	N/A	Blades, Jayaweera, et al., 1990, 2	gas phase; electrospray, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
8.1	300.	HPMS	Blades, Jayaweera, et al., 1990, 2	gas phase; electrospray, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

(Ni⁺² • 9 Water ) + Water = (Ni⁺² • 10 Water )

By formula: (Ni⁺² • 9H₂O) + H₂O = (Ni⁺² • 10H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	15. ± 3.	kcal/mol	HPMS	Blades, Jayaweera, et al., 1990, 2	gas phase; electrospray, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	23.	cal/mol*K	N/A	Blades, Jayaweera, et al., 1990, 2	gas phase; electrospray, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
7.9	300.	HPMS	Blades, Jayaweera, et al., 1990, 2	gas phase; electrospray, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

(Ni⁺² • 10 Water ) + Water = (Ni⁺² • 11 Water )

By formula: (Ni⁺² • 10H₂O) + H₂O = (Ni⁺² • 11H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	14. ± 3.	kcal/mol	HPMS	Blades, Jayaweera, et al., 1990, 2	gas phase; electrospray, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	23.	cal/mol*K	N/A	Blades, Jayaweera, et al., 1990, 2	gas phase; electrospray, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
7.5	300.	HPMS	Blades, Jayaweera, et al., 1990, 2	gas phase; electrospray, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

(Ni⁺² • 11 Water ) + Water = (Ni⁺² • 12 Water )

By formula: (Ni⁺² • 11H₂O) + H₂O = (Ni⁺² • 12H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	14. ± 3.	kcal/mol	HPMS	Blades, Jayaweera, et al., 1990, 2	gas phase; electrospray, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	23.	cal/mol*K	N/A	Blades, Jayaweera, et al., 1990, 2	gas phase; electrospray, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
7.5	300.	HPMS	Blades, Jayaweera, et al., 1990, 2	gas phase; electrospray, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

(Ni⁺² • 12 Water ) + Water = (Ni⁺² • 13 Water )

By formula: (Ni⁺² • 12H₂O) + H₂O = (Ni⁺² • 13H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	14. ± 3.	kcal/mol	HPMS	Blades, Jayaweera, et al., 1990, 2	gas phase; electrospray, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	23.	cal/mol*K	N/A	Blades, Jayaweera, et al., 1990, 2	gas phase; electrospray, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
7.3	300.	HPMS	Blades, Jayaweera, et al., 1990, 2	gas phase; electrospray, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

O^- + Water = (O^- • Water )

By formula: O^- + H₂O = (O^- • H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	26.5 ± 1.8	kcal/mol	PDis	Deyerl, Clements, et al., 2001	gas phase; B
Δ_rH°	0.52	kcal/mol	N/A	Arnold, Xu, et al., 1995	gas phase; Vertical Detachment Energy: 1.45 eV. Affinity is difference between EA of O-. and HOH..O-.; B
Δ_rH°	30.0	kcal/mol	PDiss	Roehl, Snodgrass, et al., 1991	gas phase; Δ_rH<; M
Δ_rH°	30.	kcal/mol	FA	Fehsenfeld and Ferguson, 1974	gas phase; bracketing, Δ_rH<; M

+ Water = ( • Water )

By formula: O₂⁺ + H₂O = (O₂⁺ • H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	16.	kcal/mol	FA	Adams and Bohme, 1970	gas phase; switching reaction(O2+)SO2, Δ_rH>; M

+ Water = ( • Water )

By formula: O₂^- + H₂O = (O₂^- • H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	22.3 ± 1.5	kcal/mol	N/A	Luong, Clements, et al., 2001	gas phase; Vertical Detachment Energy: 2.03±0.05 eV.; B
Δ_rH°	18.4 ± 2.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Arshadi and Kebarle, 1970	gas phase; B,M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	20.1	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Arshadi and Kebarle, 1970	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	12.5 ± 2.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Arshadi and Kebarle, 1970	gas phase; B
Δ_rG°	11.7 ± 2.0	kcal/mol	IMRE	Parkes, 1971	gas phase; B

( • Water ) + Water = ( • 2 Water )

By formula: (O₂^- • H₂O) + H₂O = (O₂^- • 2H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	17.2 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Arshadi and Kebarle, 1970	gas phase; B,M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	25.1	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Arshadi and Kebarle, 1970	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	9.70	kcal/mol	TDAs	Arshadi and Kebarle, 1970	gas phase; B
Δ_rG°	8.5 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	IMRE	Payzant J.D. and Kebarle, 1972	gas phase; B
Δ_rG°	9.7 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	IMRE	Pack and Phelps, 1971	gas phase; B

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
8.4	300.	PHPMS	Payzant J.D. and Kebarle, 1972	gas phase; M

( • 2 Water ) + Water = ( • 3 Water )

By formula: (O₂^- • 2H₂O) + H₂O = (O₂^- • 3H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	15.4 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Arshadi and Kebarle, 1970	gas phase; B,M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	28.2	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Arshadi and Kebarle, 1970	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	7.00	kcal/mol	TDAs	Arshadi and Kebarle, 1970	gas phase; B
Δ_rG°	6.1 ± 2.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Kebarle, Arshadi, et al., 1968	gas phase; B,M

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
5.3	296.	FA	Fehsenfeld and Ferguson, 1974	gas phase; M
7.1	300.	PHPMS	Payzant J.D. and Kebarle, 1972	gas phase; M

( • 3 Water ) + Water = ( • 4 Water )

By formula: (O₂^- • 3H₂O) + H₂O = (O₂^- • 4H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	4.4 ± 2.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Kebarle, Arshadi, et al., 1968	gas phase; B,M
Δ_rG°	3.4	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Arshadi and Kebarle, 1970	gas phase; M

( • 4 Water ) + Water = ( • 5 Water )

By formula: (O₂^- • 4H₂O) + H₂O = (O₂^- • 5H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	3.3 ± 2.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Kebarle, Arshadi, et al., 1968	gas phase; B

(O₂S^- • Water • 3) + Water = (O₂S^- • 2 Water • 3)

By formula: (O₂S^- • H₂O • 3O₂S) + H₂O = (O₂S^- • 2H₂O • 3O₂S)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	7.10 ± 0.40	kcal/mol	TDAs	Vacher, Leduc, et al., 1994	gas phase; B
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	3.80 ± 0.20	kcal/mol	TDAs	Vacher, Leduc, et al., 1994	gas phase; B

(O₂S^- • Water • 4) + Water = (O₂S^- • 2 Water • 4)

By formula: (O₂S^- • H₂O • 4O₂S) + H₂O = (O₂S^- • 2H₂O • 4O₂S)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	7.10 ± 0.70	kcal/mol	TDAs	Vacher, Leduc, et al., 1994	gas phase; B
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	3.00 ± 0.20	kcal/mol	TDAs	Vacher, Leduc, et al., 1994	gas phase; B

(O₂S^- • 2 Water • 3) + Water = (O₂S^- • 3 Water • 3)

By formula: (O₂S^- • 2H₂O • 3O₂S) + H₂O = (O₂S^- • 3H₂O • 3O₂S)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	6.60 ± 0.30	kcal/mol	TDAs	Vacher, Leduc, et al., 1994	gas phase; B
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	3.00 ± 0.20	kcal/mol	TDAs	Vacher, Leduc, et al., 1994	gas phase; B

(O₂S^- • 2 Water • 4) + Water = (O₂S^- • 3 Water • 4)

By formula: (O₂S^- • 2H₂O • 4O₂S) + H₂O = (O₂S^- • 3H₂O • 4O₂S)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	7.10 ± 0.70	kcal/mol	TDAs	Vacher, Leduc, et al., 1994	gas phase; B
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	2.60 ± 0.20	kcal/mol	TDAs	Vacher, Leduc, et al., 1994	gas phase; B

(O₂S^- • ) + Water = (O₂S^- • Water • )

By formula: (O₂S^- • O₂S) + H₂O = (O₂S^- • H₂O • O₂S)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	8.90 ± 0.80	kcal/mol	TDAs	Vacher, Leduc, et al., 1994	gas phase; B
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	4.30 ± 0.20	kcal/mol	TDAs	Vacher, Leduc, et al., 1994	gas phase; B

(O₂S^- • 2) + Water = (O₂S^- • Water • 2)

By formula: (O₂S^- • 2O₂S) + H₂O = (O₂S^- • H₂O • 2O₂S)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	7.40 ± 0.20	kcal/mol	TDAs	Vacher, Leduc, et al., 1994	gas phase; B
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	3.60 ± 0.20	kcal/mol	TDAs	Vacher, Leduc, et al., 1994	gas phase; B

(O₂S^- • 3) + Water = (O₂S^- • Water • 3)

By formula: (O₂S^- • 3O₂S) + H₂O = (O₂S^- • H₂O • 3O₂S)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	7.60 ± 0.30	kcal/mol	TDAs	Vacher, Leduc, et al., 1994	gas phase; B
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	3.40 ± 0.20	kcal/mol	TDAs	Vacher, Leduc, et al., 1994	gas phase; B

(O₂S^- • 4) + Water = (O₂S^- • Water • 4)

By formula: (O₂S^- • 4O₂S) + H₂O = (O₂S^- • H₂O • 4O₂S)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	7.50 ± 0.40	kcal/mol	TDAs	Vacher, Leduc, et al., 1994	gas phase; B
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	3.30 ± 0.20	kcal/mol	TDAs	Vacher, Leduc, et al., 1994	gas phase; B

(O₂S^- • 5) + Water = (O₂S^- • Water • 5)

By formula: (O₂S^- • 5O₂S) + H₂O = (O₂S^- • H₂O • 5O₂S)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	6.50 ± 0.20	kcal/mol	TDAs	Vacher, Leduc, et al., 1994	gas phase; B
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	3.10 ± 0.20	kcal/mol	TDAs	Vacher, Leduc, et al., 1994	gas phase; B

(O₃^- • Water ) + Water = (O₃^- • 2 Water )

By formula: (O₃^- • H₂O) + H₂O = (O₃^- • 2H₂O)

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
6.2	296.	FA	Fehsenfeld and Ferguson, 1974	gas phase; M

(O₃^- • 2 Water ) + Water = (O₃^- • 3 Water )

By formula: (O₃^- • 2H₂O) + H₂O = (O₃^- • 3H₂O)

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
4.5	296.	FA	Fehsenfeld and Ferguson, 1974	gas phase; M

O₃P^- + Water = (O₃P^- • Water )

By formula: O₃P^- + H₂O = (O₃P^- • H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	12.90 ± 0.30	kcal/mol	TDAs	Keesee and Castleman Jr., 1989	gas phase; Not (HO)2PO2-. See also Blades, Ho, et al., 1996, 3 : (HO)2PO2- -> PO3- + HOH, Eact ca. 55 kcal/mol.; B,M,M
Δ_rH°	12.6	kcal/mol	ES/HPMS	Blades, Ho, et al., 1996, 2	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	20.8	cal/mol*K	ES/HPMS	Blades, Ho, et al., 1996, 2	gas phase; M
Δ_rS°	22.2	cal/mol*K	HPMS	Keesee and Castleman Jr., 1989	gas phase; M
Δ_rS°	20.8	cal/mol*K	HPMS	Keesee and Castleman Jr., 1989	gas phase; deuterated; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	6.3 ± 1.2	kcal/mol	TDAs	Keesee and Castleman Jr., 1989	gas phase; Not (HO)2PO2-. See also Blades, Ho, et al., 1996, 3 : (HO)2PO2- -> PO3- + HOH, Eact ca. 55 kcal/mol.; B
Δ_rG°	6.4	kcal/mol	ES/HPMS	Blades, Ho, et al., 1996, 2	gas phase; M

(O₃P^- • Water ) + Water = (O₃P^- • 2 Water )

By formula: (O₃P^- • H₂O) + H₂O = (O₃P^- • 2H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	11.4	kcal/mol	ES/HPMS	Blades, Ho, et al., 1996, 2	gas phase; M
Δ_rH°	11.4	kcal/mol	HPMS	Keesee and Castleman Jr., 1989	gas phase; deuterated; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	22.0	cal/mol*K	ES/HPMS	Blades, Ho, et al., 1996, 2	gas phase; M
Δ_rS°	22.0	cal/mol*K	HPMS	Keesee and Castleman Jr., 1989	gas phase; deuterated; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	4.9	kcal/mol	ES/HPMS	Blades, Ho, et al., 1996, 2	gas phase; M

(O₃P^- • 2 Water ) + Water = (O₃P^- • 3 Water )

By formula: (O₃P^- • 2H₂O) + H₂O = (O₃P^- • 3H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	16.3	kcal/mol	HPMS	Keesee and Castleman Jr., 1989	gas phase; deuterated; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	36.3	cal/mol*K	HPMS	Keesee and Castleman Jr., 1989	gas phase; deuterated; M

(O₃P^- • 3 Water ) + Water = (O₃P^- • 4 Water )

By formula: (O₃P^- • 3H₂O) + H₂O = (O₃P^- • 4H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	11.0	kcal/mol	HPMS	Keesee and Castleman Jr., 1989	gas phase; deuterated; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	22.5	cal/mol*K	HPMS	Keesee and Castleman Jr., 1989	gas phase; deuterated; M

O₃S^- + Water = (O₃S^- • Water )

By formula: O₃S^- + H₂O = (O₃S^- • H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	5.60 ± 0.20	kcal/mol	IMRE	Möhler, Reiner, et al., 1992	gas phase; B

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
5.9	296.	FA	Fehsenfeld and Ferguson, 1974	gas phase; M

O₄S^- + Water = (O₄S^- • Water )

By formula: O₄S^- + H₂O = (O₄S^- • H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	5.90 ± 0.20	kcal/mol	IMRE	Möhler, Reiner, et al., 1992	gas phase; B

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
5.1	296.	FA	Fehsenfeld and Ferguson, 1974	gas phase; M

(O₄S^- • Water ) + Water = (O₄S^- • 2 Water )

By formula: (O₄S^- • H₂O) + H₂O = (O₄S^- • 2H₂O)

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
1.6	296.	FA	Fehsenfeld and Ferguson, 1974	gas phase; M

+ 6 Water = H₁₂O₁₀S^-2

By formula: O₄S^-2 + 6H₂O = H₁₂O₁₀S^-2

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	8.50 ± 0.30	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; B

+ 12 Water = H₂₄O₁₆S^-2

By formula: O₄S^-2 + 12H₂O = H₂₄O₁₆S^-2

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	10.7 ± 2.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades and Kebarle, 2005	gas phase; B
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	4.8 ± 2.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades and Kebarle, 2005	gas phase; B

+ 13 Water = H₂₆O₁₇S^-2

By formula: O₄S^-2 + 13H₂O = H₂₆O₁₇S^-2

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	5.1 ± 2.0	kcal/mol	IMRE	Blades and Kebarle, 2005	gas phase; dGaff at 270K; 298 value probably ca. 0.5 kcal/mole weaker; B

+ 14 Water = H₂₈O₁₈S^-2

By formula: O₄S^-2 + 14H₂O = H₂₈O₁₈S^-2

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	4.9 ± 2.0	kcal/mol	IMRE	Blades and Kebarle, 2005	gas phase; dGaff at 270K; 298 value probably ca. 0.5 kcal/mole weaker; B

+ 15 Water = H₃₀O₁₉S^-2

By formula: O₄S^-2 + 15H₂O = H₃₀O₁₉S^-2

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	4.5 ± 2.0	kcal/mol	IMRE	Blades and Kebarle, 2005	gas phase; dGaff at 270K; 298 value probably ca. 0.5 kcal/mole weaker; B

+ 16 Water = H₃₂O₂₀S^-2

By formula: O₄S^-2 + 16H₂O = H₃₂O₂₀S^-2

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	4.3 ± 2.0	kcal/mol	IMRE	Blades and Kebarle, 2005	gas phase; dGaff at 270K; 298 value probably ca. 0.5 kcal/mole weaker; B

+ 17 Water = H₃₄O₂₁S^-2

By formula: O₄S^-2 + 17H₂O = H₃₄O₂₁S^-2

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	4.2 ± 2.0	kcal/mol	IMRE	Blades and Kebarle, 2005	gas phase; dGaff at 270K; 298 value probably ca. 0.5 kcal/mole weaker; B

+ 18 Water = H₃₆O₂₂S^-2

By formula: O₄S^-2 + 18H₂O = H₃₆O₂₂S^-2

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	3.9 ± 2.0	kcal/mol	IMRE	Blades and Kebarle, 2005	gas phase; dGaff at 270K; 298 value probably ca. 0.5 kcal/mole weaker; B

+ 19 Water = H₃₈O₂₃S^-2

By formula: O₄S^-2 + 19H₂O = H₃₈O₂₃S^-2

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	3.7 ± 2.0	kcal/mol	IMRE	Blades and Kebarle, 2005	gas phase; dGaff at 270K; 298 value probably ca. 0.5 kcal/mole weaker; B

( • 5 Water ) + Water = ( • 6 Water )

By formula: (O₄S^-2 • 5H₂O) + H₂O = (O₄S^-2 • 6H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	8.5	kcal/mol	ES/HPMS	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; M

( • 6 Water ) + Water = ( • 7 Water )

By formula: (O₄S^-2 • 6H₂O) + H₂O = (O₄S^-2 • 7H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	7.5	kcal/mol	ES/HPMS	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; M

( • 7 Water ) + Water = ( • 8 Water )

By formula: (O₄S^-2 • 7H₂O) + H₂O = (O₄S^-2 • 8H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	6.7	kcal/mol	ES/HPMS	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; M

( • 8 Water ) + Water = ( • 9 Water )

By formula: (O₄S^-2 • 8H₂O) + H₂O = (O₄S^-2 • 9H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	6.0	kcal/mol	ES/HPMS	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; M

( • 9 Water ) + Water = ( • 10 Water )

By formula: (O₄S^-2 • 9H₂O) + H₂O = (O₄S^-2 • 10H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	5.5	kcal/mol	ES/HPMS	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; M

( • 10 Water ) + Water = ( • 11 Water )

By formula: (O₄S^-2 • 10H₂O) + H₂O = (O₄S^-2 • 11H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	5.0	kcal/mol	ES/HPMS	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; M

+ Water = ( • Water )

By formula: Pb⁺ + H₂O = (Pb⁺ • H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	22.4	kcal/mol	HPMS	Tang and Castleman, 1972	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	35.5	cal/mol*K	HPMS	Tang and Castleman, 1972	gas phase; M

( • Water ) + Water = ( • 2 Water )

By formula: (Pb⁺ • H₂O) + H₂O = (Pb⁺ • 2H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	16.9	kcal/mol	HPMS	Tang and Castleman, 1972	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	25.3	cal/mol*K	HPMS	Tang and Castleman, 1972	gas phase; M

( • 2 Water ) + Water = ( • 3 Water )

By formula: (Pb⁺ • 2H₂O) + H₂O = (Pb⁺ • 3H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	12.2	kcal/mol	HPMS	Tang and Castleman, 1972	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	20.2	cal/mol*K	HPMS	Tang and Castleman, 1972	gas phase; M

( • 4 Water ) + Water = ( • 5 Water )

By formula: (Pb⁺ • 4H₂O) + H₂O = (Pb⁺ • 5H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	10.0	kcal/mol	HPMS	Tang and Castleman, 1972	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	22.3	cal/mol*K	HPMS	Tang and Castleman, 1972	gas phase; M

( • 5 Water ) + Water = ( • 6 Water )

By formula: (Pb⁺ • 5H₂O) + H₂O = (Pb⁺ • 6H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	9.6	kcal/mol	HPMS	Tang and Castleman, 1972	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	23.6	cal/mol*K	HPMS	Tang and Castleman, 1972	gas phase; M

+ Water = ( • Water )

By formula: Rb⁺ + H₂O = (Rb⁺ • H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	15.9	kcal/mol	HPMS	Dzidic and Kebarle, 1970	gas phase; M
Δ_rH°	16. ± 3.	kcal/mol	HPMS	Blades, Jayaweera, et al., 1990	gas phase; electospray, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Δ_rH°	16.0	kcal/mol	MS	Burdett and Hayhurst, 1982	gas phase; flame source, about 1600 K; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	21.2	cal/mol*K	HPMS	Dzidic and Kebarle, 1970	gas phase; M
Δ_rS°	23.	cal/mol*K	N/A	Blades, Jayaweera, et al., 1990	gas phase; electospray, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Δ_rS°	20.1	cal/mol*K	MS	Burdett and Hayhurst, 1982	gas phase; flame source, about 1600 K; M

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
9.4	300.	HPMS	Blades, Jayaweera, et al., 1990	gas phase; electospray, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

( • Water ) + Water = ( • 2 Water )

By formula: (Rb⁺ • H₂O) + H₂O = (Rb⁺ • 2H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	13.6	kcal/mol	HPMS	Dzidic and Kebarle, 1970	gas phase; M
Δ_rH°	14. ± 3.	kcal/mol	HPMS	Blades, Jayaweera, et al., 1990	gas phase; electospray, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	22.2	cal/mol*K	HPMS	Dzidic and Kebarle, 1970	gas phase; M
Δ_rS°	23.	cal/mol*K	N/A	Blades, Jayaweera, et al., 1990	gas phase; electospray, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
7.2	300.	HPMS	Blades, Jayaweera, et al., 1990	gas phase; electospray, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

( • 2 Water ) + Water = ( • 3 Water )

By formula: (Rb⁺ • 2H₂O) + H₂O = (Rb⁺ • 3H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	12.2	kcal/mol	HPMS	Dzidic and Kebarle, 1970	gas phase; M
Δ_rH°	13. ± 3.	kcal/mol	HPMS	Blades, Jayaweera, et al., 1990	gas phase; electrospray, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	24.0	cal/mol*K	HPMS	Dzidic and Kebarle, 1970	gas phase; M
Δ_rS°	23.	cal/mol*K	N/A	Blades, Jayaweera, et al., 1990	gas phase; electrospray, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
6.0	300.	HPMS	Blades, Jayaweera, et al., 1990	gas phase; electrospray, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

( • 3 Water ) + Water = ( • 4 Water )

By formula: (Rb⁺ • 3H₂O) + H₂O = (Rb⁺ • 4H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	11.2	kcal/mol	HPMS	Dzidic and Kebarle, 1970	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	24.8	cal/mol*K	HPMS	Dzidic and Kebarle, 1970	gas phase; M

( • 4 Water ) + Water = ( • 5 Water )

By formula: (Rb⁺ • 4H₂O) + H₂O = (Rb⁺ • 5H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	10.5	kcal/mol	HPMS	Dzidic and Kebarle, 1970	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	25.7	cal/mol*K	HPMS	Dzidic and Kebarle, 1970	gas phase; M

+ Water = ( • Water )

By formula: Sc⁺ + H₂O = (Sc⁺ • H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	31. ± 3.	kcal/mol	CID	Magnera, David, et al., 1989	gas phase; M

+ Water = ( • Water )

By formula: Sr⁺ + H₂O = (Sr⁺ • H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	34.5	kcal/mol	HPMS	Tang, Lian, et al., 1976	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	31.1	cal/mol*K	HPMS	Tang, Lian, et al., 1976	gas phase; M

( • Water ) + Water = ( • 2 Water )

By formula: (Sr⁺ • H₂O) + H₂O = (Sr⁺ • 2H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	30.5	kcal/mol	HPMS	Tang, Lian, et al., 1976	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	28.1	cal/mol*K	HPMS	Tang, Lian, et al., 1976	gas phase; M

( • 2 Water ) + Water = ( • 3 Water )

By formula: (Sr⁺ • 2H₂O) + H₂O = (Sr⁺ • 3H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	25.7	kcal/mol	HPMS	Tang, Lian, et al., 1976	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	28.6	cal/mol*K	HPMS	Tang, Lian, et al., 1976	gas phase; M

( • 3 Water ) + Water = ( • 4 Water )

By formula: (Sr⁺ • 3H₂O) + H₂O = (Sr⁺ • 4H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	22.3	kcal/mol	HPMS	Tang, Lian, et al., 1976	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	28.2	cal/mol*K	HPMS	Tang, Lian, et al., 1976	gas phase; M

( • 4 Water ) + Water = ( • 5 Water )

By formula: (Sr⁺ • 4H₂O) + H₂O = (Sr⁺ • 5H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	20.6	kcal/mol	HPMS	Tang, Lian, et al., 1976	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	30.5	cal/mol*K	HPMS	Tang, Lian, et al., 1976	gas phase; M

( • 5 Water ) + Water = ( • 6 Water )

By formula: (Sr⁺ • 5H₂O) + H₂O = (Sr⁺ • 6H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	18.3	kcal/mol	HPMS	Tang, Lian, et al., 1976	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	30.5	cal/mol*K	HPMS	Tang, Lian, et al., 1976	gas phase; M

( • 6 Water ) + Water = ( • 7 Water )

By formula: (Sr⁺ • 6H₂O) + H₂O = (Sr⁺ • 7H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	17.3	kcal/mol	HPMS	Tang, Lian, et al., 1976	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	34.4	cal/mol*K	HPMS	Tang, Lian, et al., 1976	gas phase; M

( • 7 Water ) + Water = ( • 8 Water )

By formula: (Sr⁺ • 7H₂O) + H₂O = (Sr⁺ • 8H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	16.4	kcal/mol	HPMS	Tang, Lian, et al., 1976	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	37.6	cal/mol*K	HPMS	Tang, Lian, et al., 1976	gas phase; M

(Sr⁺² • 8 Water ) + Water = (Sr⁺² • 9 Water )

By formula: (Sr⁺² • 8H₂O) + H₂O = (Sr⁺² • 9H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	15. ± 3.	kcal/mol	HPMS	Blades, Jayaweera, et al., 1990	gas phase; electospray, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	23.	cal/mol*K	N/A	Blades, Jayaweera, et al., 1990	gas phase; electospray, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
8.0	300.	HPMS	Blades, Jayaweera, et al., 1990	gas phase; electospray, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

(Sr⁺² • 9 Water ) + Water = (Sr⁺² • 10 Water )

By formula: (Sr⁺² • 9H₂O) + H₂O = (Sr⁺² • 10H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	14. ± 3.	kcal/mol	HPMS	Blades, Jayaweera, et al., 1990	gas phase; electospray, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	23.	cal/mol*K	N/A	Blades, Jayaweera, et al., 1990	gas phase; electospray, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
7.3	300.	HPMS	Blades, Jayaweera, et al., 1990	gas phase; electospray, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

(Sr⁺² • 10 Water ) + Water = (Sr⁺² • 11 Water )

By formula: (Sr⁺² • 10H₂O) + H₂O = (Sr⁺² • 11H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	14. ± 3.	kcal/mol	HPMS	Blades, Jayaweera, et al., 1990	gas phase; electospray, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	23.	cal/mol*K	N/A	Blades, Jayaweera, et al., 1990	gas phase; electospray, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
7.2	300.	HPMS	Blades, Jayaweera, et al., 1990	gas phase; electospray, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

(Sr⁺² • 11 Water ) + Water = (Sr⁺² • 12 Water )

By formula: (Sr⁺² • 11H₂O) + H₂O = (Sr⁺² • 12H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	14. ± 3.	kcal/mol	HPMS	Blades, Jayaweera, et al., 1990	gas phase; electospray, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	23.	cal/mol*K	N/A	Blades, Jayaweera, et al., 1990	gas phase; electospray, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
6.9	300.	HPMS	Blades, Jayaweera, et al., 1990	gas phase; electospray, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

+ Water = ( • Water )

By formula: Ti⁺ + H₂O = (Ti⁺ • H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	38. ± 3.	kcal/mol	CID	Magnera, David, et al., 1989	gas phase; M

Enthalpy of reaction

Δ_rH° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
36.8 (+1.4,-0.)		CID	Armentrout and Kickel, 1994	gas phase; guided ion beam CID; M

( • Water ) + Water = ( • 2 Water )

By formula: (Ti⁺ • H₂O) + H₂O = (Ti⁺ • 2H₂O)

Enthalpy of reaction

Δ_rH° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
32.5 (+1.2,-0.)		CID	Armentrout and Kickel, 1994	gas phase; guided ion beam CID; M

( • 2 Water ) + Water = ( • 3 Water )

By formula: (Ti⁺ • 2H₂O) + H₂O = (Ti⁺ • 3H₂O)

Enthalpy of reaction

Δ_rH° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
16.0 (+1.7,-0.)		CID	Armentrout and Kickel, 1994	gas phase; guided ion beam CID; M

( • 3 Water ) + Water = ( • 4 Water )

By formula: (Ti⁺ • 3H₂O) + H₂O = (Ti⁺ • 4H₂O)

Enthalpy of reaction

Δ_rH° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
20.0 (+1.9,-0.)		CID	Armentrout and Kickel, 1994	gas phase; guided ion beam CID; M

+ Water = ( • Water )

By formula: V⁺ + H₂O = (V⁺ • H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	36. ± 3.	kcal/mol	CID	Magnera, David, et al., 1989	gas phase; M
Δ_rH°	35.1	kcal/mol	CID	Marinelli and Squires, 1989	gas phase; M

Enthalpy of reaction

Δ_rH° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
35.1 (+8.4,-0.)		CID	Armentrout and Kickel, 1994	gas phase; guided ion beam CID; M

( • Water ) + Water = ( • 2 Water )

By formula: (V⁺ • H₂O) + H₂O = (V⁺ • 2H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	35.5	kcal/mol	CID	Marinelli and Squires, 1989	gas phase; M

Enthalpy of reaction

Δ_rH° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
36.1 (+2.4,-0.)		CID	Armentrout and Kickel, 1994	gas phase; guided ion beam CID; M

( • 2 Water ) + Water = ( • 3 Water )

By formula: (V⁺ • 2H₂O) + H₂O = (V⁺ • 3H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	12.2	kcal/mol	CID	Marinelli and Squires, 1989	gas phase; M

Enthalpy of reaction

Δ_rH° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
16.3 (+1.2,-0.)		CID	Armentrout and Kickel, 1994	gas phase; guided ion beam CID; M

( • 3 Water ) + Water = ( • 4 Water )

By formula: (V⁺ • 3H₂O) + H₂O = (V⁺ • 4H₂O)

Enthalpy of reaction

Δ_rH° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
16.2 (+1.9,-0.)		CID	Armentrout and Kickel, 1994	gas phase; guided ion beam CID; M

+ Water = ( • Water )

By formula: Zn⁺ + H₂O = (Zn⁺ • H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	39. ± 3.	kcal/mol	CID	Magnera, David, et al., 1989	gas phase; M

Mass spectrum (electron ionization)

Go To: Top, Gas phase ion energetics data, Ion clustering data, Gas Chromatography, References, Notes

Data compiled by: NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, William E. Wallace, director

Spectrum

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Additional Data

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NIST MS number	7

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Gas Chromatography

Go To: Top, Gas phase ion energetics data, Ion clustering data, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), References, Notes

Data compiled by: NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, William E. Wallace, director

Kovats' RI, non-polar column, isothermal

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Column type	Active phase	Temperature (C)	I	Reference	Comment
Packed	Apiezon L	130.	317.	Landault and Guiochon, 1964	Teflon-Haloport; Column length: 2.26 m

Normal alkane RI, non-polar column, temperature ramp

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Column type	Active phase	I	Reference	Comment
Capillary	OV-101	319.	Zenkevich, 2005	25. m/0.20 mm/0.10 μm, N2/He, 6. K/min; T_start: 50. C; T_end: 250. C

Normal alkane RI, non-polar column, custom temperature program

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Column type	Active phase	I	Reference	Comment
Capillary	Methyl Silicone	327.	Zenkevich, Korolenko, et al., 1995	Program: not specified

Normal alkane RI, polar column, custom temperature program

View large format table.

Column type	Active phase	I	Reference	Comment
Capillary	Polyethylene Glycol	1039.	Zenkevich, Korolenko, et al., 1995	Program: not specified
Capillary	DB-Wax	1066.	Peng, Yang, et al., 1991	Program: not specified

References

Go To: Top, Gas phase ion energetics data, Ion clustering data, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), Gas Chromatography, Notes

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Notes

Go To: Top, Gas phase ion energetics data, Ion clustering data, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), Gas Chromatography, References

Symbols used in this document:

AE	Appearance energy
IE (evaluated)	Recommended ionization energy
T	Temperature
Δ_rG°	Free energy of reaction at standard conditions
Δ_rH°	Enthalpy of reaction at standard conditions
Δ_rS°	Entropy of reaction at standard conditions

Data from NIST Standard Reference Database 69: NIST Chemistry WebBook
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