carbon

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Gas phase ion energetics data

Go To: Top, Ion clustering data, References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data evaluated as indicated in comments:
L - Sharon G. Lias

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
B - John E. Bartmess
LL - Sharon G. Lias and Joel F. Liebman
LBLHLM - Sharon G. Lias, John E. Bartmess, Joel F. Liebman, John L. Holmes, Rhoda D. Levin, and W. Gary Mallard
LLK - Sharon G. Lias, Rhoda D. Levin, and Sherif A. Kafafi
RDSH - Henry M. Rosenstock, Keith Draxl, Bruce W. Steiner, and John T. Herron

View reactions leading to C+ (ion structure unspecified)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
IE (evaluated)11.26030eVN/AN/AL

Electron affinity determinations

EA (eV) Method Reference Comment
1.262114 ± 0.000044LPDScheer, Bilodeau, et al., 1998Given: 1.262119(20) eV; B
1.26290 ± 0.00030LPDFeldmann, 1977B
>1.2 ± 1.0EIAEHonig, 1954From graphite; B

Ionization energy determinations

IE (eV) Method Reference Comment
11.26030EVALLide, 1992LL
11.260SKelly, 1987LBLHLM
12.4 ± 1.0EIHaque and Gingerich, 1981LLK
11.2 ± 0.5EIGupta and Gingerich, 1979LLK
11.2 ± 0.5EIGingerich and Gupta, 1978LLK
10.9 ± 0.4EICocke and Gingerich, 1974LLK
11.4 ± 1.5EICocke, Gingerich, et al., 1973LLK
10.9 ± 0.4EICocke and Gingerich, 1972LLK
10.5 ± 1.0EICocke and Gingerich, 1972, 2LLK
11.26030SMoore, 1970RDSH
11.3 ± 0.2EIDrowart, Burns, et al., 1959RDSH

Anion protonation reactions

Carbon anion + Hydrogen cation = Methylidyne

By formula: C- + H+ = CH

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr1529.4 ± 0.71kJ/molD-EAScheer, Bilodeau, et al., 1998gas phase; Given: 1.262119(20) eV; B
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr1506.2 ± 1.1kJ/molH-TSScheer, Bilodeau, et al., 1998gas phase; Given: 1.262119(20) eV; B

Ion clustering data

Go To: Top, Gas phase ion energetics data, References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
M - Michael M. Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Sharon G. Lias
B - John E. Bartmess

Note: Please consider using the reaction search for this species. This page allows searching of all reactions involving this species. Searches may be limited to ion clustering reactions. A general reaction search form is also available.

Clustering reactions

Carbon cation + carbon = (Carbon cation • carbon)

By formula: C+ + C = (C+ • C)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr619. ± 50.kJ/molMSPargellis, 1990gas phase; equilibrium cluster distributions from sputtering; M

(Carbon cation • carbon) + carbon = (Carbon cation • 2carbon)

By formula: (C+ • C) + C = (C+ • 2C)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr774. ± 67.kJ/molMSPargellis, 1990gas phase; equilibrium cluster distributions from sputtering; M

(Carbon cation • 2carbon) + carbon = (Carbon cation • 3carbon)

By formula: (C+ • 2C) + C = (C+ • 3C)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr598.kJ/molMSPargellis, 1990gas phase; equilibrium cluster distributions from sputtering; M

(Carbon cation • 3carbon) + carbon = (Carbon cation • 4carbon)

By formula: (C+ • 3C) + C = (C+ • 4C)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr695.kJ/molMSPargellis, 1990gas phase; equilibrium cluster distributions from sputtering; M

(Carbon cation • 4carbon) + carbon = (Carbon cation • 5carbon)

By formula: (C+ • 4C) + C = (C+ • 5C)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr628.kJ/molMSPargellis, 1990gas phase; equilibrium cluster distributions from sputtering; M

(Carbon cation • 5carbon) + carbon = (Carbon cation • 6carbon)

By formula: (C+ • 5C) + C = (C+ • 6C)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr745.kJ/molMSPargellis, 1990gas phase; equilibrium cluster distributions from sputtering; M

(Carbon cation • 6carbon) + carbon = (Carbon cation • 7carbon)

By formula: (C+ • 6C) + C = (C+ • 7C)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr649.kJ/molMSPargellis, 1990gas phase; equilibrium cluster distributions from sputtering; M
Δr523.kJ/molMIKESRadi, Rincon, et al., 1989gas phase; M

(Carbon cation • 7carbon) + carbon = (Carbon cation • 8carbon)

By formula: (C+ • 7C) + C = (C+ • 8C)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr753.kJ/molMSPargellis, 1990gas phase; equilibrium cluster distributions from sputtering; M

(Carbon cation • 8carbon) + carbon = (Carbon cation • 9carbon)

By formula: (C+ • 8C) + C = (C+ • 9C)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr703.kJ/molMSPargellis, 1990gas phase; equilibrium cluster distributions from sputtering; M
Δr745. ± 96.kJ/molMIKESRadi, Rincon, et al., 1989gas phase; M

(Carbon cation • 9carbon) + carbon = (Carbon cation • 10carbon)

By formula: (C+ • 9C) + C = (C+ • 10C)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr732. ± 96.kJ/molMIKESRadi, Rincon, et al., 1989gas phase; M

Carbon anion + carbon = (Carbon anion • carbon)

By formula: C- + C = (C- • C)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr812. ± 8.kJ/molMSPargellis, 1990gas phase; equilibrium cluster distributions from sputtering; M

(Carbon anion • carbon) + carbon = (Carbon anion • 2carbon)

By formula: (C- • C) + C = (C- • 2C)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr628. ± 8.kJ/molMSPargellis, 1990gas phase; equilibrium cluster distributions from sputtering; M

(Carbon anion • 2carbon) + carbon = (Carbon anion • 3carbon)

By formula: (C- • 2C) + C = (C- • 3C)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr703. ± 8.kJ/molMSPargellis, 1990gas phase; equilibrium cluster distributions from sputtering; M

(Carbon anion • 3carbon) + carbon = (Carbon anion • 4carbon)

By formula: (C- • 3C) + C = (C- • 4C)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr630. ± 20.kJ/molMSPargellis, 1990gas phase; equilibrium cluster distributions from sputtering; M

(Carbon anion • 4carbon) + carbon = (Carbon anion • 5carbon)

By formula: (C- • 4C) + C = (C- • 5C)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr715.kJ/molMSPargellis, 1990gas phase; equilibrium cluster distributions from sputtering; M

(Carbon anion • 5carbon) + carbon = (Carbon anion • 6carbon)

By formula: (C- • 5C) + C = (C- • 6C)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr649.kJ/molMSPargellis, 1990gas phase; equilibrium cluster distributions from sputtering; M

(Carbon anion • 6carbon) + carbon = (Carbon anion • 7carbon)

By formula: (C- • 6C) + C = (C- • 7C)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr686.kJ/molMSPargellis, 1990gas phase; equilibrium cluster distributions from sputtering; M

(Carbon anion • 7carbon) + carbon = (Carbon anion • 8carbon)

By formula: (C- • 7C) + C = (C- • 8C)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr657.kJ/molMSPargellis, 1990gas phase; equilibrium cluster distributions from sputtering; M

(Carbon anion • 8carbon) + carbon = (Carbon anion • 9carbon)

By formula: (C- • 8C) + C = (C- • 9C)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr665.kJ/molMSPargellis, 1990gas phase; equilibrium cluster distributions from sputtering; M

(Methylidyne anion • 4294967295carbon) + carbon = Methylidyne anion

By formula: (CH- • 4294967295C) + C = CH-

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr385.7 ± 1.0kJ/molTherKasdan, Herbst, et al., 1975gas phase; B

(C3- • 4294967295carbon) + carbon = C3-

By formula: (C3- • 4294967295C) + C = C3-

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr66.5 ± 8.4kJ/molN/AArnold, Bradforth, et al., 1991gas phase; Linear structure for both neutral and anion; B

(C4- • 4294967295carbon) + carbon = C4-

By formula: (C4- • 4294967295C) + C = C4-

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr676. ± 15.kJ/molN/AArnold, Bradforth, et al., 1991gas phase; Linear structure for both anion and neutral. Bound state 37.063 kcal/mol up: Zhao, de Beer, et al., 1996; B

(C6- • 4294967295carbon) + carbon = C6-

By formula: (C6- • 4294967295C) + C = C6-

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr-59. ± 24.kJ/molN/AArnold, Zhao, et al., 1992gas phase; There is a bound state at 47.107 kcal/mol up; Zhao, de Beer, et al., 1996; B

(C7- • 4294967295carbon) + carbon = C7-

By formula: (C7- • 4294967295C) + C = C7-

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr478. ± 31.kJ/molN/AArnold, Bradforth, et al., 1991gas phase; Linear structure for both neutral and anion; B

References

Go To: Top, Gas phase ion energetics data, Ion clustering data, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Scheer, Bilodeau, et al., 1998
Scheer, M.; Bilodeau, R.C.; Brodie, C.A.; Haugen, H.K., Systematic study of the stable states of C-, Si-, Ge-, and Sn- via infrared laser spectroscopy, Phys. Rev. A, 1998, 58, 4, 2844-2856, https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevA.58.2844 . [all data]

Feldmann, 1977
Feldmann, D., Infrared Photodetachment Measurements Near Thresholds of C-, Chem. Phys. Lett., 1977, 47, 2, 338, https://doi.org/10.1016/0009-2614(77)80032-8 . [all data]

Honig, 1954
Honig, R.E., Mass spectrometric study of the molecular sublimation of graphite, J. Chem. Phys., 1954, 22, 126. [all data]

Lide, 1992
Lide, D.R. (Editor), Ionization potentials of atoms and atomic ions in Handbook of Chem. and Phys., 1992, 10-211. [all data]

Kelly, 1987
Kelly, R.L., Atomic and ionic spectrum lines of hydrogen through kryton, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 1987, 16. [all data]

Haque and Gingerich, 1981
Haque, R.; Gingerich, K.A., Identification and atomization energies of gaseous molecules ScC2, ScC3, ScC4, ScC5, and ScC6 by high temperature mass spectrometry, J. Chem. Phys., 1981, 74, 6407. [all data]

Gupta and Gingerich, 1979
Gupta, S.K.; Gingerich, K.A., Observation and atomization energies of the gaseous uranium carbides, UC, UC2, UC3, UC4, UC5, and UC6 by high temperature mass spectrometry, J. Chem. Phys., 1979, 71, 3072. [all data]

Gingerich and Gupta, 1978
Gingerich, K.A.; Gupta, K.A., Dissociation energies of the molecules RhTh and RhU from high temperature mass spectrometry and predicted thermodynamic stabilities of selected diatomic actinide-platinum metal intermetallic molecules, J. Chem. Phys., 1978, 69, 505. [all data]

Cocke and Gingerich, 1974
Cocke, D.L.; Gingerich, K.A., Thermodynamic investigation of the gaseous molecules TiRh, Rh2, and Ti2Rh by mass spectrometry, J. Chem. Phys., 1974, 60, 1958. [all data]

Cocke, Gingerich, et al., 1973
Cocke, D.L.; Gingerich, K.A.; Kordis, J., Determination of the high bond dissociation energy of the molecule LaRh, High Temp. Sci., 1973, 5, 474. [all data]

Cocke and Gingerich, 1972
Cocke, D.L.; Gingerich, K.A., Determination of the heats of atomization of the molecules RhC2, RhC, and TiC2 by high temperature mass spectrometry, J. Chem. Phys., 1972, 57, 3654. [all data]

Cocke and Gingerich, 1972, 2
Cocke, D.L.; Gingerich, K.A., Mass spectrometric determination of the bond dissociation energies of the molecules CePd and CeC2, J. Phys. Chem., 1972, 76, 2332. [all data]

Moore, 1970
Moore, C.E., Ionization potentials and ionization limits derived from the analyses of optical spectra, Natl. Stand. Ref. Data Ser., (U.S. Natl. Bur. Stand.), 1970, 34, 1. [all data]

Drowart, Burns, et al., 1959
Drowart, J.; Burns, R.P.; DeMaria, G.; Inghram, M.G., Mass spectrometric study of carbon vapor, J. Chem. Phys., 1959, 31, 1131. [all data]

Pargellis, 1990
Pargellis, A.N., Estimating Carbon Cluster Binding Energies from Measured Cn Distributions, n <= 10, J. Chem. Phys., 1990, 93, 3, 2099, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.459035 . [all data]

Radi, Rincon, et al., 1989
Radi, P.P.; Rincon, M.E.; Hsu, M.T.; Brodbelt-Lustig, J.; Kemper, P.; Bowers, M.T., Structure, Reactivity and Energetics of Covalently Bound Carbon Cluster Ions, C5+ to C11+: Experiment and Theory, J. Phys. Chem., 1989, 93, 16, 6187, https://doi.org/10.1021/j100353a045 . [all data]

Kasdan, Herbst, et al., 1975
Kasdan, A.; Herbst, E.; Lineberger, W.C., Laser photoelectron spectrometry of CH2-, Chem. Phys. Lett., 1975, 31, 78. [all data]

Arnold, Bradforth, et al., 1991
Arnold, D.W.; Bradforth, S.E.; Kitsopoulos, T.N.; Neumark, D.M., Vibrationally Resolved Spectra of C2-C11 by Anion Photoelectron Spectroscopy, J. Chem. Phys., 1991, 95, 12, 8753, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.461211 . [all data]

Zhao, de Beer, et al., 1996
Zhao, Y.; de Beer, E.; Xu, C.; Taylor, T.; Neumark, D.M., Spectroscopy and Electron Detachment Dynamics of C4-, C6- and C8-, J. Chem. Phys., 1996, 105, 12, 4905, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.472341 . [all data]

Arnold, Zhao, et al., 1992
Arnold, C.C.; Zhao, Y.X.; Kitsopoulos, T.N.; Neumark, D.M., Study of C6(-) and C6 with Threshold Photodetachment Spectroscopy and Autodetachment Spectroscopy, J. Chem. Phys., 1992, 97, 9, 6121, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.463722 . [all data]


Notes

Go To: Top, Gas phase ion energetics data, Ion clustering data, References