Hydrogen cyanide

Formula: CHN
Molecular weight: 27.0253
IUPAC Standard InChI: InChI=1S/CHN/c1-2/h1H
IUPAC Standard InChIKey: LELOWRISYMNNSU-UHFFFAOYSA-N
CAS Registry Number: 74-90-8
Chemical structure:
This structure is also available as a 2d Mol file
Other names: Hydrocyanic acid; AC; Blausaeure (German); Carbon hydride nitride (CHN); Formic anammonide; Formonitrile; HCN; Prussic Acid; Cyclon; Acide cyanhydrique; Acido cianidrico; Aero Liquid HCN; Blausaeure; Blauwzuur; Cyaanwaterstof; Cyanwasserstoff; Cyclone B; Cyjanowodor; Evercyn; NA 1051; Prussic acid, unstabilized; Rcra waste number P063; UN 1051; Zaclondiscoids; Carbon hydride nitride; Zootic acid; Agent AC; Nitrilomethane
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Information on this page:
Other data available:
- Gas phase thermochemistry data
- Condensed phase thermochemistry data
- Phase change data
- Reaction thermochemistry data: reactions 1 to 50, reactions 51 to 92
- Henry's Law data
- IR Spectrum
- Vibrational and/or electronic energy levels
Data at other public NIST sites:
- Microwave spectra (on physics lab web site)
- Gas Phase Kinetics Database
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Gas phase ion energetics data

Go To: Top, Ion clustering data, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), Gas Chromatography, References, Notes

Data evaluated as indicated in comments:
HL - Edward P. Hunter and Sharon G. Lias
L - Sharon G. Lias

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
B - John E. Bartmess
LBLHLM - Sharon G. Lias, John E. Bartmess, Joel F. Liebman, John L. Holmes, Rhoda D. Levin, and W. Gary Mallard
LLK - Sharon G. Lias, Rhoda D. Levin, and Sherif A. Kafafi
RDSH - Henry M. Rosenstock, Keith Draxl, Bruce W. Steiner, and John T. Herron

View reactions leading to CHN⁺ (ion structure unspecified)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
IE (evaluated)	13.60 ± 0.01	eV	N/A	N/A	L
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Proton affinity (review)	712.9	kJ/mol	N/A	Hunter and Lias, 1998	HL
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Gas basicity	681.6	kJ/mol	N/A	Hunter and Lias, 1998	HL

Electron affinity determinations

EA (eV)	Method	Reference	Comment
0.00156	N/A	Ard, Garrett, et al., 2009	B
>1.00171	EIAE	Tsuda, Yokohata, et al., 1971	From CH₃CN; G3MP2B3 calculations indicate that the anion is unbound by ca. 1 eV. Possibly C2H3- instead.; B

Ionization energy determinations

IE (eV)	Method	Reference	Comment
13.71	EI	Lageot, 1972	LLK
13.59 ± 0.01	PI	Dibeler and Liston, 1968	RDSH
13.60 ± 0.01	PE	Baker and Turner, 1968	RDSH
13.73 ± 0.09	EI	Varsel, Morrell, et al., 1960	RDSH
13.7 ± 0.1	EI	Kusch, Hustrulid, et al., 1937	RDSH
13.61	PE	Kreile, Schweig, et al., 1982	Vertical value; LBLHLM
13.607 ± 0.002	PE	Fridh and Asbrink, 1975	Vertical value; LLK
13.60	PE	Potts and Williams, 1974	Vertical value; LLK
13.61 ± 0.01	PE	Frost, Lee, et al., 1973	Vertical value; LLK

Appearance energy determinations

Ion	AE (eV)	Other Products	Method	Reference	Comment
C⁺	23.8 ± 0.5	?	EI	Kusch, Hustrulid, et al., 1937	RDSH
CH⁺	21.8 ± 0.5	N	EI	Kusch, Hustrulid, et al., 1937	RDSH
CN⁺	19.43 ± 0.01	H	PI	Berkowitz, Chupka, et al., 1969	RDSH
CN⁺	19.40 ± 0.02	H	PI	Dibeler and Liston, 1968	RDSH
CN⁺	20.1 ± 0.2	H	EI	Kusch, Hustrulid, et al., 1937	RDSH
H⁺	15.18 ± 0.02	CN^-	PI	Berkowitz, Chupka, et al., 1969	RDSH
H⁺	19.00 ± 0.01	CN	PI	Berkowitz, Chupka, et al., 1969	RDSH
NH⁺	24.9 ± 0.5	C	EI	Kusch, Hustrulid, et al., 1937	RDSH
N⁺	25.6 ± 0.5	CH	EI	Kusch, Hustrulid, et al., 1937	RDSH

De-protonation reactions

CN^- + = Hydrogen cyanide

By formula: CN^- + H⁺ = CHN

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	1464. ± 4.2	kJ/mol	CIDT	Akin and Ervin, 2006	gas phase; B
Δ_rH°	1466.5 ± 0.71	kJ/mol	D-EA	Bradforth, Kim, et al., 1993	gas phase; B
Δ_rH°	1469. ± 8.8	kJ/mol	G+TS	Bartmess, Scott, et al., 1979	gas phase; value altered from reference due to change in acidity scale; B
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	1433. ± 4.6	kJ/mol	H-TS	Akin and Ervin, 2006	gas phase; B
Δ_rG°	1435.8 ± 1.1	kJ/mol	H-TS	Bradforth, Kim, et al., 1993	gas phase; B
Δ_rG°	1438. ± 8.4	kJ/mol	IMRE	Bartmess, Scott, et al., 1979	gas phase; value altered from reference due to change in acidity scale; B

Ion clustering data

Go To: Top, Gas phase ion energetics data, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), Gas Chromatography, References, Notes

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
B - John E. Bartmess
M - Michael M. Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Sharon G. Lias

Note: Please consider using the reaction search for this species. This page allows searching of all reactions involving this species. Searches may be limited to ion clustering reactions. A general reaction search form is also available.

Clustering reactions

+ Hydrogen cyanide = ( • )

By formula: Br^- + CHN = (Br^- • CHN)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	81.2 ± 4.2	kJ/mol	TDAs	Meot-ner, Cybulski, et al., 1988	gas phase; B,M
Δ_rH°	66.9 ± 8.4	kJ/mol	Est	Larson and McMahon, 1984	gas phase; Extrapolated from other halide data; B
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	82.8	J/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-ner, Cybulski, et al., 1988	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	56.5 ± 6.7	kJ/mol	TDAs	Meot-ner, Cybulski, et al., 1988	gas phase; B

( • Hydrogen cyanide ) + = ( • 2)

By formula: (Br^- • CHN) + CHN = (Br^- • 2CHN)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	68.2 ± 4.2	kJ/mol	TDAs	Meot-ner, Cybulski, et al., 1988	gas phase; B,M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	95.0	J/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-ner, Cybulski, et al., 1988	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	39.7	kJ/mol	TDAs	Meot-ner, Cybulski, et al., 1988	gas phase; B

( • 2 Hydrogen cyanide ) + = ( • 3)

By formula: (Br^- • 2CHN) + CHN = (Br^- • 3CHN)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	53.6 ± 4.2	kJ/mol	TDAs	Meot-ner, Cybulski, et al., 1988	gas phase; B,M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	91.6	J/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-ner, Cybulski, et al., 1988	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	26.4	kJ/mol	TDAs	Meot-ner, Cybulski, et al., 1988	gas phase; B

( • 3 Hydrogen cyanide ) + = ( • 4)

By formula: (Br^- • 3CHN) + CHN = (Br^- • 4CHN)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	43.5 ± 4.2	kJ/mol	TDAs	Meot-ner, Cybulski, et al., 1988	gas phase; B,M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	92.5	J/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-ner, Cybulski, et al., 1988	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	15.9	kJ/mol	TDAs	Meot-ner, Cybulski, et al., 1988	gas phase; B

( • 4 Hydrogen cyanide ) + = ( • 5)

By formula: (Br^- • 4CHN) + CHN = (Br^- • 5CHN)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	34. ± 4.2	kJ/mol	TDAs	Meot-ner, Cybulski, et al., 1988	gas phase; B,M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	77.4	J/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-ner, Cybulski, et al., 1988	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	10.9	kJ/mol	TDAs	Meot-ner, Cybulski, et al., 1988	gas phase; B

+ Hydrogen cyanide = ( • )

By formula: CHO₂^- + CHN = (CHO₂^- • CHN)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	92.0	kJ/mol	PHPMS	Meot-ner, 1988	gas phase; M,B,M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	92.	J/mol*K	N/A	Meot-ner, Cybulski, et al., 1988	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Δ_rS°	89.5	J/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-ner, 1988	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	65.3 ± 6.7	kJ/mol	TDAs	Meot-ner, Cybulski, et al., 1988	gas phase; Entropy of 22.0 eu assumed.; B

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kJ/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
49.4	473.	PHPMS	Meot-ner, Cybulski, et al., 1988	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

( • Hydrogen cyanide ) + = ( • 2)

By formula: (CHO₂^- • CHN) + CHN = (CHO₂^- • 2CHN)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	74.5	kJ/mol	PHPMS	Meot-ner, 1988	gas phase; M,B,M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	92.	J/mol*K	N/A	Meot-ner, Cybulski, et al., 1988	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Δ_rS°	98.7	J/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-ner, 1988	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	44.77	kJ/mol	TDAs	Meot-ner, Cybulski, et al., 1988	gas phase; Entropy estimated; B

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kJ/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
40.	350.	PHPMS	Meot-ner, Cybulski, et al., 1988	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

CH₂N⁺ + Hydrogen cyanide = (CH₂N⁺ • )

By formula: CH₂N⁺ + CHN = (CH₂N⁺ • CHN)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	109.	kJ/mol	PHPMS	Speller and Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1985	gas phase; Δ_rH, Δ_rS too small compared with other nitrile dimers; M
Δ_rH°	126.	kJ/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1978	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	96.2	J/mol*K	PHPMS	Speller and Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1985	gas phase; Δ_rH, Δ_rS too small compared with other nitrile dimers; M
Δ_rS°	130.	J/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1978	gas phase; M

(CH₂N⁺ • Hydrogen cyanide ) + = (CH₂N⁺ • 2)

By formula: (CH₂N⁺ • CHN) + CHN = (CH₂N⁺ • 2CHN)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	57.7	kJ/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1978	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	96.	J/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1978	gas phase; M

(CH₂N⁺ • 2 Hydrogen cyanide ) + = (CH₂N⁺ • 3)

By formula: (CH₂N⁺ • 2CHN) + CHN = (CH₂N⁺ • 3CHN)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	49.4	kJ/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1978	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	100.	J/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1978	gas phase; M

(CH₂N⁺ • 3 Hydrogen cyanide ) + = (CH₂N⁺ • 4)

By formula: (CH₂N⁺ • 3CHN) + CHN = (CH₂N⁺ • 4CHN)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	38.	kJ/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1978	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	109.	J/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1978	gas phase; M

(CH₂N⁺ • Hydrogen cyanide • ) + = (CH₂N⁺ • 2 • )

By formula: (CH₂N⁺ • CHN • H₂O) + CHN = (CH₂N⁺ • 2CHN • H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	65.3	kJ/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Speller, 1989	gas phase; n, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	100.	J/mol*K	N/A	Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Speller, 1989	gas phase; n, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	35.	kJ/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Speller, 1989	gas phase; n, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

(CH₂N⁺ • ) + Hydrogen cyanide = (CH₂N⁺ • • )

By formula: (CH₂N⁺ • H₂O) + CHN = (CH₂N⁺ • CHN • H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	78.7	kJ/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Speller, 1989	gas phase; n; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	85.4	J/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Speller, 1989	gas phase; n; M

(CH₂N⁺ • 2) + Hydrogen cyanide = (CH₂N⁺ • • 2)

By formula: (CH₂N⁺ • 2H₂O) + CHN = (CH₂N⁺ • CHN • 2H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	70.7	kJ/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Speller, 1989	gas phase; n; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	101.	J/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Speller, 1989	gas phase; n; M

+ Hydrogen cyanide = ( • )

By formula: CH₃O⁺ + CHN = (CH₃O⁺ • CHN)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	86.2	kJ/mol	FA	Tanaka, Mackay, et al., 1978	gas phase; switching reaction(H2COH+)H2CO; Fehsenfeld, Dotan, et al., 1978, Cunningham, Payzant, et al., 1972; M

CH₄NO⁺ + Hydrogen cyanide = (CH₄NO⁺ • )

By formula: CH₄NO⁺ + CHN = (CH₄NO⁺ • CHN)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	80.8	kJ/mol	PHPMS	Speller and Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1985	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	96.	J/mol*K	PHPMS	Speller and Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1985	gas phase; M

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kJ/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
40.	427.	PHPMS	Speller and Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1985	gas phase; M

CH₅O⁺ + Hydrogen cyanide = (CH₅O⁺ • )

By formula: CH₅O⁺ + CHN = (CH₅O⁺ • CHN)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	108.	kJ/mol	PHPMS	Speller and Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1985	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	92.5	J/mol*K	PHPMS	Speller and Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1985	gas phase; M

CH₆N⁺ + Hydrogen cyanide = (CH₆N⁺ • )

By formula: CH₆N⁺ + CHN = (CH₆N⁺ • CHN)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	87.0	kJ/mol	PHPMS	Speller and Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1985	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	95.8	J/mol*K	PHPMS	Speller and Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1985	gas phase; M

CN^- + Hydrogen cyanide = (CN^- • )

By formula: CN^- + CHN = (CN^- • CHN)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	91. ± 15.	kJ/mol	IMRE	Larson and McMahon, 1987	gas phase; B,M
Δ_rH°	83.7 ± 8.4	kJ/mol	Est	Larson and McMahon, 1984	gas phase; B
Δ_rH°	86.6	kJ/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Speller, 1989	gas phase; n; M
Δ_rH°	86.6	kJ/mol	PHPMS	Meot-ner, 1988	gas phase; M,B,B,M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	86.2	J/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Speller, 1989	gas phase; n; M
Δ_rS°	86.2	J/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-ner, Cybulski, et al., 1988	gas phase; M
Δ_rS°	86.2	J/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-ner, 1988	gas phase; M
Δ_rS°	113.	J/mol*K	N/A	Larson and McMahon, 1987	gas phase; switching reaction,Thermochemical ladder(H2O), Entropy change calculated or estimated; Payzant, Yamdagni, et al., 1971; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	60.7 ± 4.2	kJ/mol	TDAs	Meot-ner, 1988	gas phase; B
Δ_rG°	57.3 ± 9.6	kJ/mol	IMRE	Larson and McMahon, 1987	gas phase; B,M
Δ_rG°	60.7 ± 6.7	kJ/mol	TDAs	Meot-ner, Cybulski, et al., 1988	gas phase; B

(CN^- • Hydrogen cyanide ) + = (CN^- • 2)

By formula: (CN^- • CHN) + CHN = (CN^- • 2CHN)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	68.6	kJ/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Speller, 1989	gas phase; n; M
Δ_rH°	68.6	kJ/mol	PHPMS	Meot-ner, 1988	gas phase; M,B,M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	91.2	J/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Speller, 1989	gas phase; n; M
Δ_rS°	91.2	J/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-ner, Cybulski, et al., 1988	gas phase; M
Δ_rS°	91.2	J/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-ner, 1988	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	41.4	kJ/mol	TDAs	Meot-ner, Cybulski, et al., 1988	gas phase; B

(CN^- • 2 Hydrogen cyanide ) + = (CN^- • 3)

By formula: (CN^- • 2CHN) + CHN = (CN^- • 3CHN)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	52.7	kJ/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Speller, 1989	gas phase; n; M
Δ_rH°	52.7	kJ/mol	PHPMS	Meot-ner, 1988	gas phase; M,B,M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	88.7	J/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Speller, 1989	gas phase; n; M
Δ_rS°	88.7	J/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-ner, Cybulski, et al., 1988	gas phase; M
Δ_rS°	88.7	J/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-ner, 1988	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	26.4	kJ/mol	TDAs	Meot-ner, Cybulski, et al., 1988	gas phase; B

(CN^- • 3 Hydrogen cyanide ) + = (CN^- • 4)

By formula: (CN^- • 3CHN) + CHN = (CN^- • 4CHN)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	45.6	kJ/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Speller, 1989	gas phase; n; M
Δ_rH°	45.6	kJ/mol	PHPMS	Meot-ner, 1988	gas phase; M,B,M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	104.	J/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Speller, 1989	gas phase; n; M
Δ_rS°	104.	J/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-ner, Cybulski, et al., 1988	gas phase; M
Δ_rS°	104.	J/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-ner, 1988	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	14.6	kJ/mol	TDAs	Meot-ner, Cybulski, et al., 1988	gas phase; B

(CN^- • 4 Hydrogen cyanide ) + = (CN^- • 5)

By formula: (CN^- • 4CHN) + CHN = (CN^- • 5CHN)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	41. ± 4.2	kJ/mol	TDAs	Meot-ner, Cybulski, et al., 1988	gas phase; B,M
Δ_rH°	41.	kJ/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Speller, 1989	gas phase; n; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	84.5	J/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Speller, 1989	gas phase; n; M
Δ_rS°	84.5	J/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-ner, Cybulski, et al., 1988	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	15.9	kJ/mol	TDAs	Meot-ner, Cybulski, et al., 1988	gas phase; B

(CN^- • 5 Hydrogen cyanide ) + = (CN^- • 6)

By formula: (CN^- • 5CHN) + CHN = (CN^- • 6CHN)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	36. ± 4.2	kJ/mol	TDAs	Meot-ner, Cybulski, et al., 1988	gas phase; B,M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	85.4	J/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-ner, Cybulski, et al., 1988	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	10.0	kJ/mol	TDAs	Meot-ner, Cybulski, et al., 1988	gas phase; B

(CN^- • 6 Hydrogen cyanide ) + = (CN^- • 7)

By formula: (CN^- • 6CHN) + CHN = (CN^- • 7CHN)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	32. ± 4.2	kJ/mol	TDAs	Meot-ner, Cybulski, et al., 1988	gas phase; Entropy estimated; B,M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	84.	J/mol*K	N/A	Meot-ner, Cybulski, et al., 1988	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	6.69	kJ/mol	TDAs	Meot-ner, Cybulski, et al., 1988	gas phase; Entropy estimated; B

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kJ/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
13.	238.	PHPMS	Meot-ner, Cybulski, et al., 1988	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

(CN^- • Hydrogen cyanide • ) + = (CN^- • 2 • )

By formula: (CN^- • CHN • H₂O) + CHN = (CN^- • 2CHN • H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	55.2	kJ/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Speller, 1989	gas phase; n; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	74.5	J/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Speller, 1989	gas phase; n; M

(CN^- • Hydrogen cyanide • 2) + = (CN^- • 2 • 2)

By formula: (CN^- • CHN • 2H₂O) + CHN = (CN^- • 2CHN • 2H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	52.7	kJ/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Speller, 1989	gas phase; n; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	84.	J/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Speller, 1989	gas phase; n; M

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kJ/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
31.	262.	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Speller, 1989	gas phase; n; M

(CN^- • 2 Hydrogen cyanide • ) + = (CN^- • 3 • )

By formula: (CN^- • 2CHN • H₂O) + CHN = (CN^- • 3CHN • H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	51.5	kJ/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Speller, 1989	gas phase; n; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	84.	J/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Speller, 1989	gas phase; n; M

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kJ/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
30.	262.	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Speller, 1989	gas phase; n; M

(CN^- • 3) + Hydrogen cyanide = (CN^- • • 3)

By formula: (CN^- • 3H₂O) + CHN = (CN^- • CHN • 3H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	54.8	kJ/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Speller, 1989	gas phase; n; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	84.	J/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Speller, 1989	gas phase; n; M

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kJ/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
33.	262.	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Speller, 1989	gas phase; n; M

+ Hydrogen cyanide = ( • )

By formula: C₂H₃O₂^- + CHN = (C₂H₃O₂^- • CHN)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	92.9 ± 4.2	kJ/mol	TDAs	Meot-ner, Cybulski, et al., 1988	gas phase; B,B,M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	98.3	J/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-ner, Cybulski, et al., 1988	gas phase; M

( • Hydrogen cyanide ) + = ( • 2)

By formula: (C₂H₃O₂^- • CHN) + CHN = (C₂H₃O₂^- • 2CHN)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	69.5 ± 4.2	kJ/mol	TDAs	Meot-ner, Cybulski, et al., 1988	gas phase; B,M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	84.5	J/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-ner, Cybulski, et al., 1988	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	44.35	kJ/mol	TDAs	Meot-ner, Cybulski, et al., 1988	gas phase; B

( • 2 Hydrogen cyanide ) + = ( • 3)

By formula: (C₂H₃O₂^- • 2CHN) + CHN = (C₂H₃O₂^- • 3CHN)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	61.9 ± 4.2	kJ/mol	TDAs	Meot-ner, Cybulski, et al., 1988	gas phase; B,M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	107.	J/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-ner, Cybulski, et al., 1988	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	30.1	kJ/mol	TDAs	Meot-ner, Cybulski, et al., 1988	gas phase; B

( • 3 Hydrogen cyanide ) + = ( • 4)

By formula: (C₂H₃O₂^- • 3CHN) + CHN = (C₂H₃O₂^- • 4CHN)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	50.2 ± 4.2	kJ/mol	TDAs	Meot-ner, Cybulski, et al., 1988	gas phase; B,M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	114.	J/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-ner, Cybulski, et al., 1988	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	16.3	kJ/mol	TDAs	Meot-ner, Cybulski, et al., 1988	gas phase; B

( • 4 Hydrogen cyanide ) + = ( • 5)

By formula: (C₂H₃O₂^- • 4CHN) + CHN = (C₂H₃O₂^- • 5CHN)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	41. ± 4.2	kJ/mol	TDAs	Meot-ner, Cybulski, et al., 1988	gas phase; Entropy estimated; B,M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	100.	J/mol*K	N/A	Meot-ner, Cybulski, et al., 1988	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	10.0	kJ/mol	TDAs	Meot-ner, Cybulski, et al., 1988	gas phase; Entropy estimated; B

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kJ/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
19.	213.	PHPMS	Meot-ner, Cybulski, et al., 1988	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

C₂H₄N⁺ + Hydrogen cyanide = (C₂H₄N⁺ • )

By formula: C₂H₄N⁺ + CHN = (C₂H₄N⁺ • CHN)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	92.5	kJ/mol	PHPMS	Speller and Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1985	gas phase; CD3CNH+; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	96.7	J/mol*K	PHPMS	Speller and Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1985	gas phase; CD3CNH+; M

C₂H₅O⁺ + Hydrogen cyanide = (C₂H₅O⁺ • )

By formula: C₂H₅O⁺ + CHN = (C₂H₅O⁺ • CHN)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	96.2	kJ/mol	PHPMS	Speller and Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1985	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	90.8	J/mol*K	PHPMS	Speller and Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1985	gas phase; M

C₃H₂N⁺ + Hydrogen cyanide = (C₃H₂N⁺ • )

By formula: C₃H₂N⁺ + CHN = (C₃H₂N⁺ • CHN)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	99.6	kJ/mol	PHPMS	Speller and Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1985	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	107.	J/mol*K	PHPMS	Speller and Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1985	gas phase; M

+ Hydrogen cyanide = ( • )

By formula: C₃H₃N₂^- + CHN = (C₃H₃N₂^- • CHN)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	100.	kJ/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1988	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	91.6	J/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1988	gas phase; M

C₃H₇⁺ + Hydrogen cyanide = (C₃H₇⁺ • )

By formula: C₃H₇⁺ + CHN = (C₃H₇⁺ • CHN)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	166.	kJ/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Sieck, 1991	gas phase; condensation; M
Δ_rH°	129.	kJ/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1978	gas phase; forms i-C3H7NCH+; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	189.	J/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Sieck, 1991	gas phase; condensation; M
Δ_rS°	130.	J/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1978	gas phase; forms i-C3H7NCH+; M

C₃H₇O⁺ + Hydrogen cyanide = (C₃H₇O⁺ • )

By formula: C₃H₇O⁺ + CHN = (C₃H₇O⁺ • CHN)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	85.4	kJ/mol	PHPMS	Speller and Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1985	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	98.7	J/mol*K	PHPMS	Speller and Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1985	gas phase; M

C₃H₁₀N⁺ + Hydrogen cyanide = (C₃H₁₀N⁺ • )

By formula: C₃H₁₀N⁺ + CHN = (C₃H₁₀N⁺ • CHN)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	70.3	kJ/mol	PHPMS	Speller and Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1985	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	96.2	J/mol*K	PHPMS	Speller and Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1985	gas phase; M

C₄H₈N⁺ + Hydrogen cyanide = (C₄H₈N⁺ • )

By formula: C₄H₈N⁺ + CHN = (C₄H₈N⁺ • CHN)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	84.1	kJ/mol	PHPMS	Speller and Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1985	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	94.1	J/mol*K	PHPMS	Speller and Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1985	gas phase; M

C₄H₉⁺ + Hydrogen cyanide = (C₄H₉⁺ • )

By formula: C₄H₉⁺ + CHN = (C₄H₉⁺ • CHN)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	68.2	kJ/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1978	gas phase; may form t-C4H9NCH+; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	100.	J/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1978	gas phase; may form t-C4H9NCH+; M

C₄H₉O₂⁺ + Hydrogen cyanide = (C₄H₉O₂⁺ • )

By formula: C₄H₉O₂⁺ + CHN = (C₄H₉O₂⁺ • CHN)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	79.5	kJ/mol	PHPMS	Speller and Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1985	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	96.	J/mol*K	N/A	Speller and Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1985	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kJ/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
33.	455.	PHPMS	Speller and Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1985	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

C₄H₁₀NO⁺ + Hydrogen cyanide = (C₄H₁₀NO⁺ • )

By formula: C₄H₁₀NO⁺ + CHN = (C₄H₁₀NO⁺ • CHN)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	66.1	kJ/mol	PHPMS	Speller and Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1985	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	95.4	J/mol*K	PHPMS	Speller and Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1985	gas phase; M

C₇H₁₁O⁺ + Hydrogen cyanide = (C₇H₁₁O⁺ • )

By formula: C₇H₁₁O⁺ + CHN = (C₇H₁₁O⁺ • CHN)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	73.6	kJ/mol	PHPMS	Speller and Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1985	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	97.1	J/mol*K	PHPMS	Speller and Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1985	gas phase; M

C₉H₂₂N⁺ + Hydrogen cyanide = (C₉H₂₂N⁺ • )

By formula: C₉H₂₂N⁺ + CHN = (C₉H₂₂N⁺ • CHN)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	57.7	kJ/mol	PHPMS	Speller and Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1985	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	121.	J/mol*K	PHPMS	Speller and Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1985	gas phase; M

+ Hydrogen cyanide = ( • )

By formula: Cl^- + CHN = (Cl^- • CHN)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	91.2 ± 4.2	kJ/mol	TDAs	Meot-ner, 1988	gas phase; B,B,M
Δ_rH°	87.9 ± 8.4	kJ/mol	IMRE	Larson and McMahon, 1984, 2	gas phase; B,M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	79.1	J/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-ner, Cybulski, et al., 1988	gas phase; M
Δ_rS°	99.2	J/mol*K	N/A	Larson and McMahon, 1984, 3	gas phase; switching reaction(Cl-)t-C4H9OH, Entropy change calculated or estimated; French, Ikuta, et al., 1982; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	67.8 ± 6.7	kJ/mol	TDAs	Meot-ner, Cybulski, et al., 1988	gas phase; B
Δ_rG°	67.4 ± 4.2	kJ/mol	TDAs	Meot-ner, 1988	gas phase; B
Δ_rG°	58.2 ± 8.4	kJ/mol	IMRE	Larson and McMahon, 1984, 2	gas phase; B,M

( • Hydrogen cyanide ) + = ( • 2)

By formula: (Cl^- • CHN) + CHN = (Cl^- • 2CHN)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	74.9 ± 4.2	kJ/mol	TDAs	Meot-ner, Cybulski, et al., 1988	gas phase; B,M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	95.0	J/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-ner, Cybulski, et al., 1988	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	46.44	kJ/mol	TDAs	Meot-ner, Cybulski, et al., 1988	gas phase; B

( • 2 Hydrogen cyanide ) + = ( • 3)

By formula: (Cl^- • 2CHN) + CHN = (Cl^- • 3CHN)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	56.9 ± 4.2	kJ/mol	TDAs	Meot-ner, Cybulski, et al., 1988	gas phase; B,M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	89.5	J/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-ner, Cybulski, et al., 1988	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	30.1	kJ/mol	TDAs	Meot-ner, Cybulski, et al., 1988	gas phase; B

( • 3 Hydrogen cyanide ) + = ( • 4)

By formula: (Cl^- • 3CHN) + CHN = (Cl^- • 4CHN)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	46.9 ± 4.2	kJ/mol	TDAs	Meot-ner, Cybulski, et al., 1988	gas phase; B,M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	97.9	J/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-ner, Cybulski, et al., 1988	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	17.6	kJ/mol	TDAs	Meot-ner, Cybulski, et al., 1988	gas phase; B

( • 4 Hydrogen cyanide ) + = ( • 5)

By formula: (Cl^- • 4CHN) + CHN = (Cl^- • 5CHN)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	37. ± 4.2	kJ/mol	TDAs	Meot-ner, Cybulski, et al., 1988	gas phase; B,M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	89.1	J/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-ner, Cybulski, et al., 1988	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	10.5	kJ/mol	TDAs	Meot-ner, Cybulski, et al., 1988	gas phase; B

( • 5 Hydrogen cyanide ) + = ( • 6)

By formula: (Cl^- • 5CHN) + CHN = (Cl^- • 6CHN)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	36. ± 4.2	kJ/mol	TDAs	Meot-ner, Cybulski, et al., 1988	gas phase; B,M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	102.	J/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-ner, Cybulski, et al., 1988	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	6.28	kJ/mol	TDAs	Meot-ner, Cybulski, et al., 1988	gas phase; B

( • 6 Hydrogen cyanide ) + = ( • 7)

By formula: (Cl^- • 6CHN) + CHN = (Cl^- • 7CHN)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	33. ± 4.2	kJ/mol	TDAs	Meot-ner, Cybulski, et al., 1988	gas phase; B,M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	96.7	J/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-ner, Cybulski, et al., 1988	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	4.18	kJ/mol	TDAs	Meot-ner, Cybulski, et al., 1988	gas phase; B

( • 7 Hydrogen cyanide ) + = ( • 8)

By formula: (Cl^- • 7CHN) + CHN = (Cl^- • 8CHN)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	34. ± 4.2	kJ/mol	TDAs	Meot-ner, Cybulski, et al., 1988	gas phase; B,M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	115.	J/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-ner, Cybulski, et al., 1988	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	0.1 ± 9.2	kJ/mol	TDAs	Meot-ner, Cybulski, et al., 1988	gas phase; B

( • 8 Hydrogen cyanide ) + = ( • 9)

By formula: (Cl^- • 8CHN) + CHN = (Cl^- • 9CHN)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	31. ± 4.2	kJ/mol	TDAs	Meot-ner, Cybulski, et al., 1988	gas phase; Entropy estimated; B,M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	100.	J/mol*K	N/A	Meot-ner, Cybulski, et al., 1988	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	0.42	kJ/mol	TDAs	Meot-ner, Cybulski, et al., 1988	gas phase; Entropy estimated; B

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kJ/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
13.	171.	PHPMS	Meot-ner, Cybulski, et al., 1988	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

+ Hydrogen cyanide = ( • )

By formula: F^- + CHN = (F^- • CHN)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	165. ± 8.4	kJ/mol	IMRE	Larson and McMahon, 1983	gas phase; These relative affinities are ca. 10 kcal/mol weaker than threshold values (see Wenthold and Squires, 1995) for donors greater than ca. 27 kcal/mol in free energy. This discrepancy has not yet been resolved, though the stronger value appears preferable.; B,M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	92.9	J/mol*K	N/A	Larson and McMahon, 1983	gas phase; switching reaction(F-)H2O, Entropy change calculated or estimated; Arshadi, Yamdagni, et al., 1970; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	138. ± 8.4	kJ/mol	IMRE	Larson and McMahon, 1983	gas phase; These relative affinities are ca. 10 kcal/mol weaker than threshold values (see Wenthold and Squires, 1995) for donors greater than ca. 27 kcal/mol in free energy. This discrepancy has not yet been resolved, though the stronger value appears preferable.; B,M

HS^- + Hydrogen cyanide = (HS^- • )

By formula: HS^- + CHN = (HS^- • CHN)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	87.9 ± 4.2	kJ/mol	IMRE	Meot-ner, 1988	gas phase; See also H2S..CN-; B,M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	84.	J/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-ner, 1988	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	62.8 ± 4.2	kJ/mol	IMRE	Meot-ner, 1988	gas phase; See also H2S..CN-; B

( • 2) + Hydrogen cyanide = ( • • 2)

By formula: (H₃O⁺ • 2H₂O) + CHN = (H₃O⁺ • CHN • 2H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	82.8	kJ/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Speller, 1989	gas phase; n; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	123.	J/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Speller, 1989	gas phase; n; M

+ Hydrogen cyanide = ( • )

By formula: H₄N⁺ + CHN = (H₄N⁺ • CHN)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	91.6	kJ/mol	PHPMS	Deakyne, Knuth, et al., 1994	gas phase; M
Δ_rH°	85.8	kJ/mol	PHPMS	Speller and Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1985	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	97.9	J/mol*K	PHPMS	Deakyne, Knuth, et al., 1994	gas phase; M
Δ_rS°	84.5	J/mol*K	PHPMS	Speller and Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1985	gas phase; M

( • Hydrogen cyanide ) + = ( • 2)

By formula: (H₄N⁺ • CHN) + CHN = (H₄N⁺ • 2CHN)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	72.8	kJ/mol	PHPMS	Deakyne, Knuth, et al., 1994	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	97.9	J/mol*K	PHPMS	Deakyne, Knuth, et al., 1994	gas phase; M

( • 2 Hydrogen cyanide ) + = ( • 3)

By formula: (H₄N⁺ • 2CHN) + CHN = (H₄N⁺ • 3CHN)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	57.3	kJ/mol	PHPMS	Deakyne, Knuth, et al., 1994	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	90.0	J/mol*K	PHPMS	Deakyne, Knuth, et al., 1994	gas phase; M

( • 3 Hydrogen cyanide ) + = ( • 4)

By formula: (H₄N⁺ • 3CHN) + CHN = (H₄N⁺ • 4CHN)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	46.0	kJ/mol	PHPMS	Deakyne, Knuth, et al., 1994	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	87.4	J/mol*K	PHPMS	Deakyne, Knuth, et al., 1994	gas phase; M

( • 4 Hydrogen cyanide ) + = ( • 5)

By formula: (H₄N⁺ • 4CHN) + CHN = (H₄N⁺ • 5CHN)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	33.	kJ/mol	PHPMS	Deakyne, Knuth, et al., 1994	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	79.1	J/mol*K	PHPMS	Deakyne, Knuth, et al., 1994	gas phase; M

( • 5 Hydrogen cyanide ) + = ( • 6)

By formula: (H₄N⁺ • 5CHN) + CHN = (H₄N⁺ • 6CHN)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	31.	kJ/mol	PHPMS	Deakyne, Knuth, et al., 1994	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	83.3	J/mol*K	PHPMS	Deakyne, Knuth, et al., 1994	gas phase; M

( • Hydrogen cyanide • ) + = ( • 2 • )

By formula: (H₄N⁺ • CHN • H₃N) + CHN = (H₄N⁺ • 2CHN • H₃N)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	51.0	kJ/mol	PHPMS	Deakyne, Knuth, et al., 1994	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	81.2	J/mol*K	PHPMS	Deakyne, Knuth, et al., 1994	gas phase; M

( • Hydrogen cyanide • 2) + = ( • 2 • 2)

By formula: (H₄N⁺ • CHN • 2H₃N) + CHN = (H₄N⁺ • 2CHN • 2H₃N)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	46.9	kJ/mol	PHPMS	Deakyne, Knuth, et al., 1994	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	84.	J/mol*K	N/A	Deakyne, Knuth, et al., 1994	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kJ/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
21.	315.	PHPMS	Deakyne, Knuth, et al., 1994	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

( • 2 Hydrogen cyanide • ) + = ( • 3 • )

By formula: (H₄N⁺ • 2CHN • H₃N) + CHN = (H₄N⁺ • 3CHN • H₃N)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	53.6	kJ/mol	PHPMS	Deakyne, Knuth, et al., 1994	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	101.	J/mol*K	PHPMS	Deakyne, Knuth, et al., 1994	gas phase; M

( • 3 Hydrogen cyanide • ) + = ( • 4 • )

By formula: (H₄N⁺ • 3CHN • H₃N) + CHN = (H₄N⁺ • 4CHN • H₃N)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	36.	kJ/mol	PHPMS	Deakyne, Knuth, et al., 1994	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated, T = 392 in paper is error; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	84.	J/mol*K	N/A	Deakyne, Knuth, et al., 1994	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated, T = 392 in paper is error; M

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kJ/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
11.	292.	PHPMS	Deakyne, Knuth, et al., 1994	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated, T = 392 in paper is error; M

( • ) + Hydrogen cyanide = ( • • )

By formula: (H₄N⁺ • H₃N) + CHN = (H₄N⁺ • CHN • H₃N)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	59.4	kJ/mol	PHPMS	Deakyne, Knuth, et al., 1994	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	77.4	J/mol*K	PHPMS	Deakyne, Knuth, et al., 1994	gas phase; M

( • 2) + Hydrogen cyanide = ( • • 2)

By formula: (H₄N⁺ • 2H₃N) + CHN = (H₄N⁺ • CHN • 2H₃N)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	56.1	kJ/mol	PHPMS	Deakyne, Knuth, et al., 1994	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	76.6	J/mol*K	N/A	Deakyne, Knuth, et al., 1994	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

+ Hydrogen cyanide = ( • )

By formula: I^- + CHN = (I^- • CHN)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	70.3 ± 4.2	kJ/mol	TDAs	Meot-ner, Cybulski, et al., 1988	gas phase; B,M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	88.7	J/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-ner, Cybulski, et al., 1988	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	43.5 ± 6.7	kJ/mol	TDAs	Meot-ner, Cybulski, et al., 1988	gas phase; B

( • Hydrogen cyanide ) + = ( • 2)

By formula: (I^- • CHN) + CHN = (I^- • 2CHN)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	55.2 ± 4.2	kJ/mol	TDAs	Meot-ner, Cybulski, et al., 1988	gas phase; B,M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	83.7	J/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-ner, Cybulski, et al., 1988	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	30.1	kJ/mol	TDAs	Meot-ner, Cybulski, et al., 1988	gas phase; B

( • 2 Hydrogen cyanide ) + = ( • 3)

By formula: (I^- • 2CHN) + CHN = (I^- • 3CHN)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	46.9 ± 4.2	kJ/mol	TDAs	Meot-ner, Cybulski, et al., 1988	gas phase; B,M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	87.9	J/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-ner, Cybulski, et al., 1988	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	20.5	kJ/mol	TDAs	Meot-ner, Cybulski, et al., 1988	gas phase; B

( • 3 Hydrogen cyanide ) + = ( • 4)

By formula: (I^- • 3CHN) + CHN = (I^- • 4CHN)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	38. ± 4.2	kJ/mol	TDAs	Meot-ner, Cybulski, et al., 1988	gas phase; B,M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	84.9	J/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-ner, Cybulski, et al., 1988	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	13.4	kJ/mol	TDAs	Meot-ner, Cybulski, et al., 1988	gas phase; B

( • 4 Hydrogen cyanide ) + = ( • 5)

By formula: (I^- • 4CHN) + CHN = (I^- • 5CHN)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	36. ± 4.2	kJ/mol	TDAs	Meot-ner, Cybulski, et al., 1988	gas phase; B,M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	95.8	J/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-ner, Cybulski, et al., 1988	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	7.53	kJ/mol	TDAs	Meot-ner, Cybulski, et al., 1988	gas phase; B

( • 5 Hydrogen cyanide ) + = ( • 6)

By formula: (I^- • 5CHN) + CHN = (I^- • 6CHN)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	31. ± 4.2	kJ/mol	TDAs	Meot-ner, Cybulski, et al., 1988	gas phase; B,M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	83.3	J/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-ner, Cybulski, et al., 1988	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	6.28	kJ/mol	TDAs	Meot-ner, Cybulski, et al., 1988	gas phase; B

( • 6 Hydrogen cyanide ) + = ( • 7)

By formula: (I^- • 6CHN) + CHN = (I^- • 7CHN)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	31. ± 4.2	kJ/mol	TDAs	Meot-ner, Cybulski, et al., 1988	gas phase; B,M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	83.3	J/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-ner, Cybulski, et al., 1988	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	6.28	kJ/mol	TDAs	Meot-ner, Cybulski, et al., 1988	gas phase; B

( • 7 Hydrogen cyanide ) + = ( • 8)

By formula: (I^- • 7CHN) + CHN = (I^- • 8CHN)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	28. ± 4.2	kJ/mol	TDAs	Meot-ner, Cybulski, et al., 1988	gas phase; B,M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	88.7	J/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-ner, Cybulski, et al., 1988	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	2.1	kJ/mol	TDAs	Meot-ner, Cybulski, et al., 1988	gas phase; B

+ Hydrogen cyanide = ( • )

By formula: Li⁺ + CHN = (Li⁺ • CHN)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	152.	kJ/mol	ICR	Woodin and Beauchamp, 1978	gas phase; switching reaction(Li+)H2O, Entropy change calculated or estimated; Dzidic and Kebarle, 1970 interpolated; M
Δ_rH°	150.	kJ/mol	ICR	Staley and Beauchamp, 1975	gas phase; switching reaction(Li+)H2O, from graph; Dzidic and Kebarle, 1970 extrapolated; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	100.	J/mol*K	N/A	Woodin and Beauchamp, 1978	gas phase; switching reaction(Li+)H2O, Entropy change calculated or estimated; Dzidic and Kebarle, 1970 interpolated; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	120.	kJ/mol	ICR	Woodin and Beauchamp, 1978	gas phase; switching reaction(Li+)H2O, Entropy change calculated or estimated; Dzidic and Kebarle, 1970 interpolated; M

Mass spectrum (electron ionization)

Go To: Top, Gas phase ion energetics data, Ion clustering data, Gas Chromatography, References, Notes

Data compiled by: NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, William E. Wallace, director

Spectrum

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Additional Data

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NIST MS number	11

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Gas Chromatography

Go To: Top, Gas phase ion energetics data, Ion clustering data, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), References, Notes

Data compiled by: NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, William E. Wallace, director

Kovats' RI, non-polar column, isothermal

View large format table.

Column type	Active phase	Temperature (C)	I	Reference	Comment
Capillary	CP Sil 5 CB	20.	319.9	Do and Raulin, 1992	25. m/0.15 mm/2. μm, H2
Capillary	PoraPLOT Q	160.	300.	Do and Raulin, 1989	10. m/0.32 mm/10. μm, H2

Normal alkane RI, non-polar column, custom temperature program

View large format table.

Column type	Active phase	I	Reference	Comment
Capillary	Polydimethyl siloxane	320.	Staples, 2006	Program: not specified

References

Go To: Top, Gas phase ion energetics data, Ion clustering data, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), Gas Chromatography, Notes

Hunter and Lias, 1998
Hunter, E.P.; Lias, S.G., Evaluated Gas Phase Basicities and Proton Affinities of Molecules: An Update, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 1998, 27, 3, 413-656, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.556018 . [all data]

Ard, Garrett, et al., 2009
Ard, S.; Garrett, W.R.; Compton, R.N.; Adamowicz, L.; Stepanian, S.G., Rotational states of dipole-bound anions of hydrogen cyanide., Chem. Phys. Lett., 2009, 473, 4-6, 223, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cplett.2009.04.007 . [all data]

Tsuda, Yokohata, et al., 1971
Tsuda, S.; Yokohata, A.; Umaba, T., Measurement of negative ions formed by electron impact. VIII. Ionization efficiency curves of negative ions from methyl and ethyl cyanides, Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn., 1971, 44, 1486. [all data]

Lageot, 1972
Lageot, C., Etude des etats excites de l'ion HCN⁺, J. Chim. Phys. Phys.-Chim. Biol., 1972, 68, 214. [all data]

Dibeler and Liston, 1968
Dibeler, V.H.; Liston, S.K., Mass-spectrometric study of photoionization. IX. Hydrogen cyanide and acetonitrile, J. Chem. Phys., 1968, 48, 4765. [all data]

Baker and Turner, 1968
Baker, C.; Turner, D.W., High resolution molecular photoelectron spectroscopy. III.Acetylenes and azaacetylenes, Proc. Roy. Soc. (London), 1968, A308, 19. [all data]

Varsel, Morrell, et al., 1960
Varsel, C.J.; Morrell, F.A.; Resnik, F.E.; Powell, W.A., Qualitative and quantitative analysis of organic compounds. Use of low-voltage mass spectrometry, Anal. Chem., 1960, 32, 182. [all data]

Kusch, Hustrulid, et al., 1937
Kusch, P.; Hustrulid, A.; Tate, J.T., The dissociation of HCN, C₂H₂, C₂N₂ and C₂H₄ by electron impact, Phys. Rev., 1937, 52, 843. [all data]

Kreile, Schweig, et al., 1982
Kreile, J.; Schweig, A.; Thiel, W., Experimental and theoretical investigation of the photoionization of hydrogen cyanide, Chem. Phys. Lett., 1982, 87, 473. [all data]

Fridh and Asbrink, 1975
Fridh, C.; Asbrink, L., Photoelectron electron impact spectrum of HCN, J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom., 1975, 7, 119. [all data]

Potts and Williams, 1974
Potts, A.W.; Williams, T.A., The observation of "forbidden" transitions in He II photoelectron spectra, J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom., 1974, 3, 3. [all data]

Frost, Lee, et al., 1973
Frost, D.C.; Lee, S.T.; McDowell, C.A., The photoelectron spectrum of HCP and comments on the first photoelectron band of HCN, Chem. Phys. Lett., 1973, 23, 472. [all data]

Berkowitz, Chupka, et al., 1969
Berkowitz, J.; Chupka, W.A.; Walter, T.A., Photoionization of HCN: the electron affinity and heat of formation of CN, J. Chem. Phys., 1969, 50, 1497. [all data]

Akin and Ervin, 2006
Akin, F.A.; Ervin, K.M., Collision-induced dissociation of HS-(HCN): Unsymmetrical hydrogen bonding in a proton-bound dimer anion, J. Phys. Chem. A, 2006, 110, 4, 1342-1349, https://doi.org/10.1021/jp0540454 . [all data]

Bradforth, Kim, et al., 1993
Bradforth, S.E.; Kim, E.H.; Arnold, D.W.; Neumark, D.M., Photoelectron Spectroscopy of CN-, NCO-, and NCS-, J. Chem. Phys., 1993, 98, 2, 800, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.464244 . [all data]

Bartmess, Scott, et al., 1979
Bartmess, J.E.; Scott, J.A.; McIver, R.T., Jr., The gas phase acidity scale from methanol to phenol, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1979, 101, 6047. [all data]

Meot-ner, Cybulski, et al., 1988
Meot-ner, M.; Cybulski, S.M.; Scheiner, S.; Liebman, J.F., Is CN^- Significantly Anisotropic? Comparison of CN^- vs. Cl^-: Clustering with HCN and Condensed Phase Thermochemistry, J. Phys. Chem., 1988, 92, 10, 2738, https://doi.org/10.1021/j100321a009 . [all data]

Larson and McMahon, 1984
Larson, J.W.; McMahon, T.B., Gas phase bihalide and pseudohalide ions. An ICR determination of hydrogen bond energies in XHY- species (X,Y = F, Cl, Br, CN), Inorg. Chem., 1984, 23, 2029. [all data]

Meot-ner, 1988
Meot-ner, M., Ionic Hydrogen Bond and Ion Solvation. ₆. Interaction Energies of the Acetate Ion with Organic Molecules. Comparison of CH₃COO^- with Cl^-, CN^-, and SH^-, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1988, 110, 12, 3854, https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00220a022 . [all data]

Speller and Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1985
Speller, C.V.; Meot-Ner (Mautner), M., The Ionic Hydrogen Bond and Ion Solvation. 3. Bonds Involving Cyanides. Correlations with Proton Affinites, J. Phys. Chem., 1985, 81, 24, 5217, https://doi.org/10.1021/j100270a020 . [all data]

Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1978
Meot-Ner (Mautner), M., Solvation of the Proton by HCN and CH3CN. Condensation of HCN with Ions in the Gas Phase., J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1978, 100, 15, 4694, https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00483a012 . [all data]

Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Speller, 1989
Meot-Ner (Mautner), M.; Speller, C.V., Multicomponent Cluster Ions.3. Comparative Stabilities of Cationic and Anionic Hydrogen Bonded Networks. Mixed Clusters of Water and Hydrogen Cyanide, J. Phys. Chem., 1989, 93, 6580. [all data]

Tanaka, Mackay, et al., 1978
Tanaka, K.; Mackay, G.I.; Bohme, D.K., Rate and Equilibrium Constant Measurements for Gas-Phase Proton-Transfer Reactions Involving H2O, H2S, HCN, and H2CO, Can. J. Chem., 1978, 56, 2, 193, https://doi.org/10.1139/v78-031 . [all data]

Fehsenfeld, Dotan, et al., 1978
Fehsenfeld, F.C.; Dotan, I.; Albritton, D.L.; Howard, C.J.; Ferguson, E.E., Stratospheric Positive Ion Chemistry of Formaldehyde and Methanol, J. Geophys. Res., 1978, 83, C3, 1333, https://doi.org/10.1029/JC083iC03p01333 . [all data]

Cunningham, Payzant, et al., 1972
Cunningham, A.J.; Payzant, J.D.; Kebarle, P., A Kinetic Study of the Proton Hydrate H+(H2O)n Equilibria in the Gas Phase, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1972, 94, 22, 7627, https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00777a003 . [all data]

Larson and McMahon, 1987
Larson, J.W.; McMahon, T.B., Hydrogen bonding in gas phase anions. The energetics of interaction between cyanide ion and bronsted acids, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1987, 109, 6230. [all data]

Payzant, Yamdagni, et al., 1971
Payzant, J.D.; Yamdagni, R.; Kebarle, P., Hydration of CN-, NO₂-, NO₃-, and HO- in the gas phase, Can. J. Chem., 1971, 49, 3308. [all data]

Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1988
Meot-Ner (Mautner), M., Models for Strong Interactions in Proteins and Enzymes. 2. Interactions of Ions with the Peptide Link and Imidazole, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1988, 110, 10, 3075, https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00218a014 . [all data]

Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Sieck, 1991
Meot-Ner (Mautner), M.; Sieck, L.W., Proton affinity ladders from variable-temperature equilibrium measurements. 1. A reevaluation of the upper proton affinity range, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1991, 113, 12, 4448, https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00012a012 . [all data]

Larson and McMahon, 1984, 2
Larson, J.W.; McMahon, T.B., Hydrogen bonding in gas phase anions. An experimental investigation of the interaction between chloride ion and bronsted acids from ICR chloride exchange equilibria, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1984, 106, 517. [all data]

Larson and McMahon, 1984, 3
Larson, J.W.; McMahon, T.B., Gas phase negative ion chemistry of alkylchloroformates, Can. J. Chem., 1984, 62, 675. [all data]

French, Ikuta, et al., 1982
French, M.A.; Ikuta, S.; Kebarle, P., Hydrogen bonding of O-H and C-H hydrogen donors to Cl^-. Results from mass spectrometric measurement of the ion-molecule equilibria RH + Cl^- = RHCl^-, Can. J. Chem., 1982, 60, 1907. [all data]

Larson and McMahon, 1983
Larson, J.W.; McMahon, T.B., Strong hydrogen bonding in gas-phase anions. An ion cyclotron resonance determination of fluoride binding energetics to bronsted acids from gas-phase fluoride exchange equilibria measurements, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1983, 105, 2944. [all data]

Wenthold and Squires, 1995
Wenthold, P.G.; Squires, R.R., Bond dissociation energies of F2(-) and HF2(-). A gas-phase experimental and G2 theoretical study, J. Phys. Chem., 1995, 99, 7, 2002, https://doi.org/10.1021/j100007a034 . [all data]

Arshadi, Yamdagni, et al., 1970
Arshadi, M.; Yamdagni, R.; Kebarle, P., Hydration of Halide Negative Ions in the Gas Phase. II. Comparison of Hydration Energies for the Alkali Positive and Halide Negative Ions, J. Phys. Chem., 1970, 74, 7, 1475, https://doi.org/10.1021/j100702a014 . [all data]

Deakyne, Knuth, et al., 1994
Deakyne, C.A.; Knuth, D.M.; Speller, C.V.; Meot-Ner (Mautner), M.; Sieck, L.W., Filling of Solvent Shells about Ions. Part 3. Isomeric Clusters of (HCN)n(NH3)mH+, J. Mol. Structure (Theochem), 1994, 307, 217, https://doi.org/10.1016/0166-1280(94)80130-4 . [all data]

Woodin and Beauchamp, 1978
Woodin, R.L.; Beauchamp, J.L., Bonding of Li+ to Lewis Bases in the Gas Phase. Reversals in Methyl Substituent Effects for Different Reference Acids, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1978, 100, 2, 501, https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00470a024 . [all data]

Dzidic and Kebarle, 1970
Dzidic, I.; Kebarle, P., Hydration of the Alkali Ions in the Gas Phase. Enthalpies and Entropies of Reactions M+(H2O)n-1 + H2O = M+(H2O)n, J. Phys. Chem., 1970, 74, 7, 1466, https://doi.org/10.1021/j100702a013 . [all data]

Staley and Beauchamp, 1975
Staley, R.H.; Beauchamp, J.L., Intrinsic Acid - Base Properties of Molecules. Binding Energies of Li+ to pi - and n - Donor Bases, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1975, 97, 20, 5920, https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00853a050 . [all data]

Do and Raulin, 1992
Do, L.; Raulin, F., Gas chromatography of Titan's atmosphere. III. Analysis of low-molecular-weight hydrocarbons and nitriles with a CP-Sil-5 CB WCOT capillary column, J. Chromatogr., 1992, 591, 1-2, 297-301, https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9673(92)80247-R . [all data]

Do and Raulin, 1989
Do, L.; Raulin, F., Gas chromatography of Titan's atmosphere. I. Analysis of low-molecular-weight hydrocarbons and nitriles with a PoraPLOT Q porous polymer coated open-tubular capillary column, J. Chromatogr., 1989, 481, 45-54, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(01)96751-2 . [all data]

Staples, 2006
Staples, E.J., Creating a compound library for chemical warfare agents for the ZNose, 2006, retrieved from http://www.estcal.com/TechPapers/Security/CWA-Libraries.pdf. [all data]

Notes

Go To: Top, Gas phase ion energetics data, Ion clustering data, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), Gas Chromatography, References

Symbols used in this document:

AE	Appearance energy
EA	Electron affinity
IE (evaluated)	Recommended ionization energy
T	Temperature
Δ_rG°	Free energy of reaction at standard conditions
Δ_rH°	Enthalpy of reaction at standard conditions
Δ_rS°	Entropy of reaction at standard conditions

Data from NIST Standard Reference Database 69: NIST Chemistry WebBook
The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) uses its best efforts to deliver a high quality copy of the Database and to verify that the data contained therein have been selected on the basis of sound scientific judgment. However, NIST makes no warranties to that effect, and NIST shall not be liable for any damage that may result from errors or omissions in the Database.
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NIST Chemistry WebBook, SRD 69

Hydrogen cyanide

Data at NIST subscription sites:

Gas phase ion energetics data

Electron affinity determinations

Ionization energy determinations

Appearance energy determinations

De-protonation reactions

Ion clustering data

Clustering reactions

Free energy of reaction

Free energy of reaction

Free energy of reaction

Free energy of reaction

Free energy of reaction

Free energy of reaction

Free energy of reaction

Free energy of reaction

Free energy of reaction

Free energy of reaction

Free energy of reaction

Free energy of reaction

Mass spectrum (electron ionization)

Spectrum

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Additional Data

Gas Chromatography

Kovats' RI, non-polar column, isothermal

Normal alkane RI, non-polar column, custom temperature program

References

Notes