Allene

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Gas phase ion energetics data

Go To: Top, Ion clustering data, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), Gas Chromatography, References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data evaluated as indicated in comments:
HL - Edward P. Hunter and Sharon G. Lias
L - Sharon G. Lias

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
B - John E. Bartmess
LL - Sharon G. Lias and Joel F. Liebman
LLK - Sharon G. Lias, Rhoda D. Levin, and Sherif A. Kafafi
RDSH - Henry M. Rosenstock, Keith Draxl, Bruce W. Steiner, and John T. Herron

View reactions leading to C3H4+ (ion structure unspecified)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
IE (evaluated)9.692 ± 0.004eVN/AN/AL
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Proton affinity (review)775.3kJ/molN/AHunter and Lias, 1998HL
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Gas basicity745.8kJ/molN/AHunter and Lias, 1998HL

Ionization energy determinations

IE (eV) Method Reference Comment
9.688 ± 0.002PEYang, Wang, et al., 1990LL
10.06PEKimura, Katsumata, et al., 1981LLK
9.691 ± 0.004PIStockbauer, McCulloh, et al., 1979LLK
9.696 ± 0.002TEParr, Jason, et al., 1978LLK
9.62 ± 0.02PEBieri, Burger, et al., 1977LLK
9.62EILossing, 1972LLK
10.017 ± 0.003SIverson and Russell, 1972LLK
9.53 ± 0.03PIMatthews and Warneck, 1969RDSH
9.83PEDewar and Worley, 1969RDSH
9.69PEBaker and Turner, 1969RDSH
9.62 ± 0.04PIParr and Elder, 1968RDSH
10.PELeng and Nyberg, 1977Vertical value; LLK
10.2 ± 0.1PEBieri, Burger, et al., 1977Vertical value; LLK
10.02PEThomas and Thompson, 1974Vertical value; LLK
10.07PEBrogli, Crandall, et al., 1973Vertical value; LLK

Appearance energy determinations

Ion AE (eV) Other Products MethodReferenceComment
C3H+16.9 ± 0.1H2+HTEParr, Jason, et al., 1978LLK
C3H+18.56 ± 0.05H2+HEIFranklin and Mogenis, 1967RDSH
C3H2+13.5 ± 0.2H2TEParr, Jason, et al., 1978LLK
C3H2+14.34 ± 0.08H2EIFranklin and Mogenis, 1967RDSH
C3H3+11.60 ± 0.01HPIStockbauer and Rosenstock, 1978LLK
C3H3+11.48 ± 0.02?TEParr, Jason, et al., 1978LLK
C3H3+11.47HEILossing, 1972LLK
C3H3+11.48HPIMatthews and Warneck, 1969RDSH
C3H3+11.48 ± 0.02HPIParr and Elder, 1968RDSH
C3H22+32.5 ± 0.2?EIFranklin and Mogenis, 1967RDSH

De-protonation reactions

C3H3- + Hydrogen cation = Allene

By formula: C3H3- + H+ = C3H4

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr1590. ± 8.4kJ/molD-EARobinson, Polak, et al., 1995gas phase; Neutral acid: allene. Propyne would be 1.0 kcal/mol less acidic.; B
Δr1596. ± 13.kJ/molG+TSRobinson, Polak, et al., 1995gas phase; Relative to MeOH at 375.0; kinetic scheme factors in isomerization; B
Δr1592. ± 8.8kJ/molD-EAOakes and Ellison, 1983gas phase; Neutral acid: allene. Propyne would be 1.0 kcal/mol less acidic.; B
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr1560. ± 13.kJ/molIMRERobinson, Polak, et al., 1995gas phase; Relative to MeOH at 375.0; kinetic scheme factors in isomerization; B
Δr1556. ± 9.2kJ/molH-TSOakes and Ellison, 1983gas phase; Neutral acid: allene. Propyne would be 1.0 kcal/mol less acidic.; B

Ion clustering data

Go To: Top, Gas phase ion energetics data, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), Gas Chromatography, References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
RCD - Robert C. Dunbar
M - Michael M. Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Sharon G. Lias

Note: Please consider using the reaction search for this species. This page allows searching of all reactions involving this species. Searches may be limited to ion clustering reactions. A general reaction search form is also available.

Clustering reactions

Chromium ion (1+) + Allene = (Chromium ion (1+) • Allene)

By formula: Cr+ + C3H4 = (Cr+ • C3H4)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr176. ± 8.4kJ/molCIDTFisher and Armentrout, 1992propyne or allene; RCD

Rh+ + Allene = (Rh+ • Allene)

By formula: Rh+ + C3H4 = (Rh+ • C3H4)

Enthalpy of reaction

ΔrH° (kJ/mol) T (K) Method Reference Comment
222. (+19.,-0.) CIDChen and Armetrout, 1995gas phase; guided ion beam CID; M

Mass spectrum (electron ionization)

Go To: Top, Gas phase ion energetics data, Ion clustering data, Gas Chromatography, References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled by: NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, William E. Wallace, director

Spectrum

Allene

Mass Spectrum

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Relative Intensity

Additional Data

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Owner NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center
Collection (C) 2014 copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce
on behalf of the United States of America. All rights reserved.
NIST MS number 45

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Gas Chromatography

Go To: Top, Gas phase ion energetics data, Ion clustering data, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled by: NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, William E. Wallace, director

Kovats' RI, non-polar column, isothermal

View large format table.

Column type Active phase Temperature (C) I Reference Comment
CapillaryCP Sil 5 CB20.329.5Do and Raulin, 199225. m/0.15 mm/2. μm, H2
CapillaryPoraPLOT Q100.311.Do and Raulin, 198910. m/0.32 mm/10. μm, H2
CapillaryPoraPLOT Q160.316.Do and Raulin, 198910. m/0.32 mm/10. μm, H2
PackedSqualane27.317.Hively and Hinton, 1968He, Chromosorb P; Column length: 15. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm
PackedSqualane49.318.Hively and Hinton, 1968He, Chromosorb P; Column length: 15. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm
PackedSqualane67.319.Hively and Hinton, 1968He, Chromosorb P; Column length: 15. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm
PackedSqualane86.320.Hively and Hinton, 1968He, Chromosorb P; Column length: 15. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm
PackedSqualane26.336.Zulaïca and Guiochon, 1966Column length: 10. m

Kovats' RI, non-polar column, custom temperature program

View large format table.

Column type Active phase I Reference Comment
CapillaryDB-1326.Hoekman, 199360. m/0.32 mm/1.0 μm, He; Program: -40 C for 12 min; -40 - 125 C at 3 deg.min; 125-185 C at 6 deg/min; 185 - 220 C at 20 deg/min; hold 220 C for 2 min

Normal alkane RI, non-polar column, temperature ramp

View large format table.

Column type Active phase I Reference Comment
CapillaryPolydimethyl siloxane: CP-Sil 5 CB326.Bramston-Cook, 201360. m/0.25 mm/1.0 μm, Helium, 45. C @ 1.45 min, 3.6 K/min, 210. C @ 2.72 min
CapillaryPetrocol DH337.Supelco, 2012100. m/0.25 mm/0.50 μm, Helium, 20. C @ 15. min, 15. K/min, 220. C @ 30. min

References

Go To: Top, Gas phase ion energetics data, Ion clustering data, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), Gas Chromatography, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Hunter and Lias, 1998
Hunter, E.P.; Lias, S.G., Evaluated Gas Phase Basicities and Proton Affinities of Molecules: An Update, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 1998, 27, 3, 413-656, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.556018 . [all data]

Yang, Wang, et al., 1990
Yang, Z.Z.; Wang, L.S.; Lee, Y.T.; Shirley, D.A.; Huang, S.Y.; Lester, W.A., Jr., Molecular beam photoelectron spectroscopy of allene, Chem. Phys. Lett., 1990, 171, 9. [all data]

Kimura, Katsumata, et al., 1981
Kimura, K.; Katsumata, S.; Achiba, Y.; Yamazaki, T.; Iwata, S., Ionization energies, Ab initio assignments, and valence electronic structure for 200 molecules in Handbook of HeI Photoelectron Spectra of Fundamental Organic Compounds, Japan Scientific Soc. Press, Tokyo, 1981. [all data]

Stockbauer, McCulloh, et al., 1979
Stockbauer, R.; McCulloh, K.E.; Parr, A.C., The ionization potential of allene, Int. J. Mass Spectrom. Ion Phys., 1979, 31, 187. [all data]

Parr, Jason, et al., 1978
Parr, A.C.; Jason, A.J.; Stockbauer, R., Photoionization and threshold photoelectron-photoion coincidence study of allene from onset to 20eV, Int. J. Mass Spectrom. Ion Phys., 1978, 26, 23. [all data]

Bieri, Burger, et al., 1977
Bieri, G.; Burger, F.; Heilbronner, E.; Maier, J.P., Valence ionization enrgies of hydrocarbons, Helv. Chim. Acta, 1977, 60, 2213. [all data]

Lossing, 1972
Lossing, F.P., Free radicals by mass spectrometry. XLV. Ionization potentials and heats of formation of C3H3, C3H5, and C4H7 radicals and ions, Can. J. Chem., 1972, 50, 3973. [all data]

Iverson and Russell, 1972
Iverson, A.A.; Russell, B.R., A medium resolution study of allene in the vacuum ultraviolet. I. Spectra and a preliminary ionization potential, Spectrochim. Acta Part A, 1972, 28, 447. [all data]

Matthews and Warneck, 1969
Matthews, C.S.; Warneck, P., Heats of formation of CHO+ and C3H3+ by photoionization, J. Chem. Phys. 5, 1969, 1, 854. [all data]

Dewar and Worley, 1969
Dewar, M.J.S.; Worley, S.D., Photoelectron spectra of molecules. I. Ionization potentials of some organic molecules and their interpretation, J. Chem. Phys., 1969, 50, 654. [all data]

Baker and Turner, 1969
Baker, C.; Turner, D.W., Photoelectron spectra of allene and keten; Jahn-Teller distortion in the ionisation of allene, Chem. Commun., 1969, 480. [all data]

Parr and Elder, 1968
Parr, A.C.; Elder, F.A., Photoionization of 1,3butadiene, 1,2-butadiene, allene, and propyne, J. Chem. Phys., 1968, 49, 2659. [all data]

Leng and Nyberg, 1977
Leng, F.J.; Nyberg, G.L., Angular-distribution He(I)/Ne(I) photoelectron spectra of allene, J. Chem. Soc. Faraday Trans. 2, 1977, 73, 1719. [all data]

Thomas and Thompson, 1974
Thomas, R.K.; Thompson, H., The photoelectron spectra of allene, deuteroallenes and tetrafluoroallene, Proc. R. Soc. London A:, 1974, 339, 29. [all data]

Brogli, Crandall, et al., 1973
Brogli, F.; Crandall, J.K.; Heilbronner, E.; Kloster-Jensen, E.; Sojka, S.A., The photoelectron spectra of methyl-substituted allenes and of tetramethyl-bisallenyl, J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom., 1973, 2, 455. [all data]

Franklin and Mogenis, 1967
Franklin, J.L.; Mogenis, A., An electron impact study of ions from several dienes, J. Phys. Chem., 1967, 71, 2820. [all data]

Stockbauer and Rosenstock, 1978
Stockbauer, R.; Rosenstock, H.M., Kinetic shift in methane allene ion fragmentation, Int. J. Mass Spectrom. Ion Phys., 1978, 27, 185. [all data]

Robinson, Polak, et al., 1995
Robinson, M.S.; Polak, M.L.; Bierbaum, V.M.; DePuy, C.H.; Lineberger, W.C., Experimental Studies of Allene, Methylacetylene, and the Propargyl Radical: Bond Dissociation Energies, Gas-Phase Acidities, and Ion-Molecule Chemistry, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1995, 117, 25, 6766, https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00130a017 . [all data]

Oakes and Ellison, 1983
Oakes, J.M.; Ellison, B.G., Photoelectron spectroscopy of the allenyl anion CH2=C=CH-, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1983, 105, 2969. [all data]

Fisher and Armentrout, 1992
Fisher, E.R.; Armentrout, P.B., Activation of Alkanes by Cr+: Unique Reactivity of Ground-State Cr+(6S) and Thermochemistry of Neutral and Ionic Chromium-Carbon Bonds, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1992, 114, 6, 2039, https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00032a017 . [all data]

Chen and Armetrout, 1995
Chen, Y.M.; Armetrout, P.B., Activation of C2H6, C3H8, and c-C3H6 by Gas-Phase Rh+ and the Thermochemistry of Rh-Ligand Complexes, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1995, 117, 36, 9291, https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00141a022 . [all data]

Do and Raulin, 1992
Do, L.; Raulin, F., Gas chromatography of Titan's atmosphere. III. Analysis of low-molecular-weight hydrocarbons and nitriles with a CP-Sil-5 CB WCOT capillary column, J. Chromatogr., 1992, 591, 1-2, 297-301, https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9673(92)80247-R . [all data]

Do and Raulin, 1989
Do, L.; Raulin, F., Gas chromatography of Titan's atmosphere. I. Analysis of low-molecular-weight hydrocarbons and nitriles with a PoraPLOT Q porous polymer coated open-tubular capillary column, J. Chromatogr., 1989, 481, 45-54, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(01)96751-2 . [all data]

Hively and Hinton, 1968
Hively, R.A.; Hinton, R.E., Variation of the retention index with temperature on squalane substrates, J. Gas Chromatogr., 1968, 6, 4, 203-217, https://doi.org/10.1093/chromsci/6.4.203 . [all data]

Zulaïca and Guiochon, 1966
Zulaïca, J.; Guiochon, G., Analyse des hauts polymères par chromatographie en phase gazeuse de leurs produits de pyrolyse. II. Application à quelques hydrocarbures macromoléculaires purs, Bull. Soc. Chim. Fr., 1966, 4, 1351-1363. [all data]

Hoekman, 1993
Hoekman, S.K., Improved gas chromatography procedure for speciated hydrocarbon measurements of vehicle emissions, J. Chromatogr., 1993, 639, 2, 239-253, https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9673(93)80260-F . [all data]

Bramston-Cook, 2013
Bramston-Cook, R., Kovats indices for C2-C13 hydrocarbons and selected oxygenated/halocarbons with 100 % dimethylpolysiloxane columns, 2013, retrieved from http://lotusinstruments.com/monographs/List .... [all data]

Supelco, 2012
Supelco, CatalogNo. 24160-U, Petrocol DH Columns. Catalog No. 24160-U, 2012, retrieved from http://www.sigmaaldrich.com/etc/medialib/docs/Supelco/Datasheet/1/w97949.Par.0001.File.tmp/w97949.pdf. [all data]


Notes

Go To: Top, Gas phase ion energetics data, Ion clustering data, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), Gas Chromatography, References