Hydrogen

Data at NIST subscription sites:

NIST subscription sites provide data under the NIST Standard Reference Data Program, but require an annual fee to access. The purpose of the fee is to recover costs associated with the development of data collections included in such sites. Your institution may already be a subscriber. Follow the links above to find out more about the data in these sites and their terms of usage.


Gas phase ion energetics data

Go To: Top, Ion clustering data, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data evaluated as indicated in comments:
HL - Edward P. Hunter and Sharon G. Lias
L - Sharon G. Lias

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
B - John E. Bartmess
LL - Sharon G. Lias and Joel F. Liebman
LBLHLM - Sharon G. Lias, John E. Bartmess, Joel F. Liebman, John L. Holmes, Rhoda D. Levin, and W. Gary Mallard
LLK - Sharon G. Lias, Rhoda D. Levin, and Sherif A. Kafafi
RDSH - Henry M. Rosenstock, Keith Draxl, Bruce W. Steiner, and John T. Herron

View reactions leading to H2+ (ion structure unspecified)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
IE (evaluated)15.42593 ± 0.00005eVN/AN/AL
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Proton affinity (review)100.9kcal/molN/AHunter and Lias, 1998HL
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Gas basicity94.34kcal/molN/AHunter and Lias, 1998HL

Ionization energy determinations

IE (eV) Method Reference Comment
15.425927EVALShiner, Gilligan, et al., 1993T = 0K; LL
15.425930EVALShiner, Gilligan, et al., 1993T = 0K; LL
15.425932 ± 0.000002SMcCormack, Gilligan, et al., 1989T = 0K; LL
15.429558 ± 0.00001LSGlab and Hessler, 1987T = 0K; LBLHLM
15.433174 ± 0.00001LSGlab and Hessler, 1987T = 0K; LBLHLM
15.425942 ± 0.00001LSGlab and Hessler, 1987T = 0K; LBLHLM
15.425932SEyler, Short, et al., 1986T = 0K; LBLHLM
15.425929SEyler, Short, et al., 1986T = 0K; LBLHLM
15.425930 ± 0.000027N/AEyler, Short, et al., 1986LBLHLM
15.5 ± 1.0SFarber, Srivastava, et al., 1982LBLHLM
15.98PEKimura, Katsumata, et al., 1981LLK
15.43PEBieri, Schmelzer, et al., 1980LLK
15.42589EVALHuber and Herzberg, 1979LLK
16. ± 1.EIFarber and Srivastava, 1977LLK
15.4PIRabalais, Debies, et al., 1974LLK
15.43PELee and Rabalais, 1974LLK
15.42589 ± 0.00005SHerzberg and Jungen, 1972LLK
15.4256 ± 0.0001STakezawa, 1970RDSH
15.38186 ± 0.00031PEAsbrink, 1970RDSH
15.44 ± 0.01EILossing and Semeluk, 1969RDSH
15.4256SHerzberg, 1969RDSH
15.431 ± 0.022TEVillarejo, 1968RDSH
15.439 ± 0.015PECollin and Natalis, 1968RDSH
15.43CICermak, 1968RDSH
15.37 ± 0.05EIKerwin, Marmet, et al., 1963RDSH
15.4269 ± 0.0016SBeutler and Junger, 1936RDSH

Appearance energy determinations

Ion AE (eV) Other Products MethodReferenceComment
H+18.078 ± 0.003HPIPECOWeitzel, Mahnert, et al., 1994T = 0K; LL
H+18.0 ± 0.2HEICrowe and McConkey, 1973LLK
H+17.28 ± 0.16H-EILocht and Momigny, 1971LLK
H+17.3H-EICurran, LaboratoriesRDSH

De-protonation reactions

Hydrogen anion + Hydrogen cation = Hydrogen

By formula: H- + H+ = H2

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr400.40kcal/molN/AShiell, Hu, et al., 2000gas phase; Given: 139714.8±1 cm-1 at 0K, or 399.465±0.003 kcal/mol; B
Δr400.40kcal/molN/APratt, McCormack, et al., 1992gas phase; 399.46±0.01 kcal/mol at 0K; 0.94 correction, Gurvich, Veyts, et al.; B
Δr400.40kcal/molD-EALykke, Murray, et al., 1991gas phase; Reported: 6082.99±0.15 cm-1, or 0.754195(18) eV; B
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr394.20 ± 0.10kcal/molH-TSShiell, Hu, et al., 2000gas phase; Given: 139714.8±1 cm-1 at 0K, or 399.465±0.003 kcal/mol; B
Δr394.20kcal/molH-TSLykke, Murray, et al., 1991gas phase; Reported: 6082.99±0.15 cm-1, or 0.754195(18) eV; B

Ion clustering data

Go To: Top, Gas phase ion energetics data, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled by: Michael M. Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Sharon G. Lias

Note: Please consider using the reaction search for this species. This page allows searching of all reactions involving this species. Searches may be limited to ion clustering reactions. A general reaction search form is also available.

Clustering reactions

Ar+ + Hydrogen = (Ar+ • Hydrogen)

By formula: Ar+ + H2 = (Ar+ • H2)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr22.4kcal/molFAShul, Passarella, et al., 1987gas phase; switching reaction(Ar+)Ar, ΔrH>; Dehmer and Pratt, 1982

Formyl cation + Hydrogen = (Formyl cation • Hydrogen)

By formula: CHO+ + H2 = (CHO+ • H2)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr3.9kcal/molPHPMSHiraoka and Kebarle, 1975gas phase
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr20.5cal/mol*KPHPMSHiraoka and Kebarle, 1975gas phase

CH5+ + Hydrogen = (CH5+ • Hydrogen)

By formula: CH5+ + H2 = (CH5+ • H2)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr1.88 ± 0.10kcal/molPHPMSHiraoka, Kudaka, et al., 1991gas phase
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr12.1cal/mol*KPHPMSHiraoka, Kudaka, et al., 1991gas phase

(CH5+ • Hydrogen) + Hydrogen = (CH5+ • 2Hydrogen)

By formula: (CH5+ • H2) + H2 = (CH5+ • 2H2)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr1.78 ± 0.10kcal/molPHPMSHiraoka, Kudaka, et al., 1991gas phase
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr16.2cal/mol*KPHPMSHiraoka, Kudaka, et al., 1991gas phase

(CH5+ • 2Hydrogen) + Hydrogen = (CH5+ • 3Hydrogen)

By formula: (CH5+ • 2H2) + H2 = (CH5+ • 3H2)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr1.61 ± 0.10kcal/molPHPMSHiraoka, Kudaka, et al., 1991gas phase
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr22.6cal/mol*KPHPMSHiraoka, Kudaka, et al., 1991gas phase

(CH5+ • 3Hydrogen) + Hydrogen = (CH5+ • 4Hydrogen)

By formula: (CH5+ • 3H2) + H2 = (CH5+ • 4H2)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr1.57 ± 0.10kcal/molPHPMSHiraoka, Kudaka, et al., 1991gas phase
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr25.7cal/mol*KPHPMSHiraoka, Kudaka, et al., 1991gas phase

C3H7+ + Hydrogen = (C3H7+ • Hydrogen)

By formula: C3H7+ + H2 = (C3H7+ • H2)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr2.5kcal/molPHPMSHiraoka and Kebarle, 1976gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated, DG<, ΔrH<
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr20.cal/mol*KN/AHiraoka and Kebarle, 1976gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated, DG<, ΔrH<

Free energy of reaction

ΔrG° (kcal/mol) T (K) Method Reference Comment
0.9170.PHPMSHiraoka and Kebarle, 1976gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated, DG<, ΔrH<

(Cobalt ion (1+) • Methane) + Hydrogen = (Cobalt ion (1+) • Hydrogen • Methane)

By formula: (Co+ • CH4) + H2 = (Co+ • H2 • CH4)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr22.9cal/mol*KSIDTKemper, Bushnell, et al., 1993gas phase; switching reaction(Co+).2H2, ΔrS(440 K); Kemper, Bushnell, et al., 1993, 2

Enthalpy of reaction

ΔrH° (kcal/mol) T (K) Method Reference Comment
17.4 (+0.8,-0.) SIDTKemper, Bushnell, et al., 1993gas phase; switching reaction(Co+).2H2, ΔrS(440 K); Kemper, Bushnell, et al., 1993, 2

(Cobalt ion (1+) • Water) + Hydrogen = (Cobalt ion (1+) • Hydrogen • Water)

By formula: (Co+ • H2O) + H2 = (Co+ • H2 • H2O)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr24.7cal/mol*KSIDTKemper, Bushnell, et al., 1993gas phase; ΔrS(530 K)

Enthalpy of reaction

ΔrH° (kcal/mol) T (K) Method Reference Comment
19.8 (+0.6,-0.) SIDTKemper, Bushnell, et al., 1993gas phase; ΔrS(530 K)

Cobalt ion (1+) + Hydrogen = (Cobalt ion (1+) • Hydrogen)

By formula: Co+ + H2 = (Co+ • H2)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr20. ± 1.kcal/molSIDTKemper, Bushnell, et al., 1993, 2gas phase; ΔrH(O K)=18.2 kcal/mol, ΔrS(300 K)=20.6 cal/mol*K
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr22.0cal/mol*KSIDTKemper, Bushnell, et al., 1993, 2gas phase; ΔrH(O K)=18.2 kcal/mol, ΔrS(300 K)=20.6 cal/mol*K

Enthalpy of reaction

ΔrH° (kcal/mol) T (K) Method Reference Comment
17.5 (+2.3,-0.) CIDHaynes and Armentrout, 1996gas phase; guided ion beam CID

(Cobalt ion (1+) • Hydrogen) + Hydrogen = (Cobalt ion (1+) • 2Hydrogen)

By formula: (Co+ • H2) + H2 = (Co+ • 2H2)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr18.0 ± 0.6kcal/molSIDTKemper, Bushnell, et al., 1993, 2gas phase; ΔrH(0 K)=17.0 kcal/mol, ΔrS(300 K)=24.5 cal/mol*K
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr24.5cal/mol*KSIDTKemper, Bushnell, et al., 1993, 2gas phase; ΔrH(0 K)=17.0 kcal/mol, ΔrS(300 K)=24.5 cal/mol*K

(Cobalt ion (1+) • 2Hydrogen) + Hydrogen = (Cobalt ion (1+) • 3Hydrogen)

By formula: (Co+ • 2H2) + H2 = (Co+ • 3H2)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr10.6 ± 0.4kcal/molSIDTKemper, Bushnell, et al., 1993, 2gas phase; ΔrH(0 K)=9.6 kcal/mol, ΔrS(300 K)=20.5 cal/mol*K
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr20.5cal/mol*KSIDTKemper, Bushnell, et al., 1993, 2gas phase; ΔrH(0 K)=9.6 kcal/mol, ΔrS(300 K)=20.5 cal/mol*K

(Cobalt ion (1+) • 3Hydrogen) + Hydrogen = (Cobalt ion (1+) • 4Hydrogen)

By formula: (Co+ • 3H2) + H2 = (Co+ • 4H2)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr10.4 ± 0.6kcal/molSIDTKemper, Bushnell, et al., 1993, 2gas phase; ΔrH(0 K)=9.6 kcal/mol, ΔrS(300 K)=25.2 cal/mol*K
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr24.2cal/mol*KSIDTKemper, Bushnell, et al., 1993, 2gas phase; ΔrH(0 K)=9.6 kcal/mol, ΔrS(300 K)=25.2 cal/mol*K

(Cobalt ion (1+) • 4Hydrogen) + Hydrogen = (Cobalt ion (1+) • 5Hydrogen)

By formula: (Co+ • 4H2) + H2 = (Co+ • 5H2)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr5.2 ± 0.6kcal/molSIDTKemper, Bushnell, et al., 1993, 2gas phase; ΔrH(0 K)=4.3 kcal/mol, ΔrS(300 K)=21.9 cal/mol*K
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr22.5cal/mol*KSIDTKemper, Bushnell, et al., 1993, 2gas phase; ΔrH(0 K)=4.3 kcal/mol, ΔrS(300 K)=21.9 cal/mol*K

(Cobalt ion (1+) • 5Hydrogen) + Hydrogen = (Cobalt ion (1+) • 6Hydrogen)

By formula: (Co+ • 5H2) + H2 = (Co+ • 6H2)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr4.7 ± 0.6kcal/molSIDTKemper, Bushnell, et al., 1993, 2gas phase; ΔrH(0 K)=4.0 kcal/mol, ΔrS(300 K)=23.8 cal/mol*K
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr23.7cal/mol*KSIDTKemper, Bushnell, et al., 1993, 2gas phase; ΔrH(0 K)=4.0 kcal/mol, ΔrS(300 K)=23.8 cal/mol*K

(Cobalt ion (1+) • 6Hydrogen) + Hydrogen = (Cobalt ion (1+) • 7Hydrogen)

By formula: (Co+ • 6H2) + H2 = (Co+ • 7H2)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr1.5 ± 0.7kcal/molSIDTKemper, Bushnell, et al., 1993, 2gas phase; ΔrH(0 K)=0.8 kcal/mol; ΔrS(300 K)=18.0 cal/mol*K
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr18.0cal/mol*KSIDTKemper, Bushnell, et al., 1993, 2gas phase; ΔrH(0 K)=0.8 kcal/mol; ΔrS(300 K)=18.0 cal/mol*K

Iron ion (1+) + Hydrogen = (Iron ion (1+) • Hydrogen)

By formula: Fe+ + H2 = (Fe+ • H2)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr12.5 ± 0.2kcal/molSIDTBushnell, Kemper, et al., 1995gas phase; ΔrH(0K) = 10.8 kcal/mol
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr21.5cal/mol*KSIDTBushnell, Kemper, et al., 1995gas phase; ΔrH(0K) = 10.8 kcal/mol

(Iron ion (1+) • Hydrogen) + Hydrogen = (Iron ion (1+) • 2Hydrogen)

By formula: (Fe+ • H2) + H2 = (Fe+ • 2H2)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr17.0 ± 0.2kcal/molSIDTBushnell, Kemper, et al., 1995gas phase; ΔrH(0K) = 15.7 kcal/mol
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr25.2cal/mol*KSIDTBushnell, Kemper, et al., 1995gas phase; ΔrH(0K) = 15.7 kcal/mol

(Iron ion (1+) • 2Hydrogen) + Hydrogen = (Iron ion (1+) • 3Hydrogen)

By formula: (Fe+ • 2H2) + H2 = (Fe+ • 3H2)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr8.4 ± 0.1kcal/molSIDTBushnell, Kemper, et al., 1995gas phase; ΔrH(0K) = 7.5 kcal/mol
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr19.1cal/mol*KSIDTBushnell, Kemper, et al., 1995gas phase; ΔrH(0K) = 7.5 kcal/mol

(Iron ion (1+) • 3Hydrogen) + Hydrogen = (Iron ion (1+) • 4Hydrogen)

By formula: (Fe+ • 3H2) + H2 = (Fe+ • 4H2)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr9.7 ± 0.1kcal/molSIDTBushnell, Kemper, et al., 1995gas phase; ΔrH(0K) = 8.6 kcal/mol
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr24.9cal/mol*KSIDTBushnell, Kemper, et al., 1995gas phase; ΔrH(0K) = 8.6 kcal/mol

(Iron ion (1+) • 4Hydrogen) + Hydrogen = (Iron ion (1+) • 5Hydrogen)

By formula: (Fe+ • 4H2) + H2 = (Fe+ • 5H2)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr2.6 ± 0.1kcal/molSIDTBushnell, Kemper, et al., 1995gas phase; ΔrH(0K) = 2.2 kcal/mol
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr17.9cal/mol*KSIDTBushnell, Kemper, et al., 1995gas phase; ΔrH(0K) = 2.2 kcal/mol

(Iron ion (1+) • 5Hydrogen) + Hydrogen = (Iron ion (1+) • 6Hydrogen)

By formula: (Fe+ • 5H2) + H2 = (Fe+ • 6H2)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr2.7 ± 0.1kcal/molSIDTBushnell, Kemper, et al., 1995gas phase; ΔrH(0K) = 2.3 kcal/mol
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr18.1cal/mol*KSIDTBushnell, Kemper, et al., 1995gas phase; ΔrH(0K) = 2.3 kcal/mol

HN2+ + Hydrogen = (HN2+ • Hydrogen)

By formula: HN2+ + H2 = (HN2+ • H2)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr7.2kcal/molPHPMSHiraoka, Saluja, et al., 1979gas phase
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr22.6cal/mol*KPHPMSHiraoka, Saluja, et al., 1979gas phase

(HN2+ • Hydrogen) + Hydrogen = (HN2+ • 2Hydrogen)

By formula: (HN2+ • H2) + H2 = (HN2+ • 2H2)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr1.8kcal/molPHPMSHiraoka, Saluja, et al., 1979gas phase
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr17.cal/mol*KPHPMSHiraoka, Saluja, et al., 1979gas phase

Hydroxyl anion + Hydrogen = (Hydroxyl anion • Hydrogen)

By formula: HO- + H2 = (HO- • H2)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr7.kcal/molCIDPaulson and Henchman, 1984gas phase; approximate value

HO2+ + Hydrogen = (HO2+ • Hydrogen)

By formula: HO2+ + H2 = (HO2+ • H2)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr12.5kcal/molPHPMSHiraoka, Saluja, et al., 1979gas phase
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr22.cal/mol*KPHPMSHiraoka, Saluja, et al., 1979gas phase

(HO2+ • Oxygen) + Hydrogen = (HO2+ • Hydrogen • Oxygen)

By formula: (HO2+ • O2) + H2 = (HO2+ • H2 • O2)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr4.0kcal/molPHPMSHiraoka, Saluja, et al., 1979gas phase
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr17.cal/mol*KPHPMSHiraoka, Saluja, et al., 1979gas phase

H3+ + Hydrogen = (H3+ • Hydrogen)

By formula: H3+ + H2 = (H3+ • H2)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr6.9 ± 0.4kcal/molAVGN/AAverage of 4 out of 11 values; Individual data points
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr17.4 to 17.4cal/mol*KRNGN/ARange of 6 values; Individual data points

(H3+ • Hydrogen) + Hydrogen = (H3+ • 2Hydrogen)

By formula: (H3+ • H2) + H2 = (H3+ • 2H2)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr3.3 ± 0.2kcal/molPHPMSHiraoka, 1987gas phase
Δr3.1kcal/molHPMSBeuhler, Ehrenson, et al., 1983gas phase
Δr3.4kcal/molHPMSBeuhler, Ehrenson, et al., 1983gas phase; deuterated
Δr4.1kcal/molPHPMSHiraoka and Kebarle, 1975, 2gas phase
Δr1.8kcal/molHPMSBennett and Field, 1972gas phase; Entropy change is questionable
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr17.4cal/mol*KPHPMSHiraoka, 1987gas phase
Δr16.9cal/mol*KHPMSBeuhler, Ehrenson, et al., 1983gas phase
Δr16.1cal/mol*KHPMSBeuhler, Ehrenson, et al., 1983gas phase; deuterated
Δr19.8cal/mol*KPHPMSHiraoka and Kebarle, 1975, 2gas phase
Δr10.8cal/mol*KHPMSBennett and Field, 1972gas phase; Entropy change is questionable

(H3+ • 2Hydrogen) + Hydrogen = (H3+ • 3Hydrogen)

By formula: (H3+ • 2H2) + H2 = (H3+ • 3H2)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr3.2 ± 0.1kcal/molPHPMSHiraoka, 1987gas phase
Δr3.8kcal/molPHPMSHiraoka and Kebarle, 1975, 2gas phase
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr18.5cal/mol*KPHPMSHiraoka, 1987gas phase
Δr20.2cal/mol*KPHPMSHiraoka and Kebarle, 1975, 2gas phase

(H3+ • 3Hydrogen) + Hydrogen = (H3+ • 4Hydrogen)

By formula: (H3+ • 3H2) + H2 = (H3+ • 4H2)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr1.7 ± 0.1kcal/molPHPMSHiraoka, 1987gas phase
Δr2.4kcal/molPHPMSHiraoka and Kebarle, 1975, 2gas phase
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr17.9cal/mol*KPHPMSHiraoka, 1987gas phase
Δr19.3cal/mol*KPHPMSHiraoka and Kebarle, 1975, 2gas phase

(H3+ • 4Hydrogen) + Hydrogen = (H3+ • 5Hydrogen)

By formula: (H3+ • 4H2) + H2 = (H3+ • 5H2)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr1.6 ± 0.1kcal/molPHPMSHiraoka, 1987gas phase
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr18.9cal/mol*KPHPMSHiraoka, 1987gas phase

(H3+ • 5Hydrogen) + Hydrogen = (H3+ • 6Hydrogen)

By formula: (H3+ • 5H2) + H2 = (H3+ • 6H2)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr1.5 ± 0.1kcal/molPHPMSHiraoka, 1987gas phase
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr20.0cal/mol*KPHPMSHiraoka, 1987gas phase

(H3+ • 6Hydrogen) + Hydrogen = (H3+ • 7Hydrogen)

By formula: (H3+ • 6H2) + H2 = (H3+ • 7H2)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr0.9 ± 0.1kcal/molPHPMSHiraoka, 1987gas phase
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr16.5cal/mol*KPHPMSHiraoka, 1987gas phase

(H3+ • 7Hydrogen) + Hydrogen = (H3+ • 8Hydrogen)

By formula: (H3+ • 7H2) + H2 = (H3+ • 8H2)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr0.8 ± 0.1kcal/molPHPMSHiraoka, 1987gas phase
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr17.9cal/mol*KPHPMSHiraoka, 1987gas phase

(H3+ • 8Hydrogen) + Hydrogen = (H3+ • 9Hydrogen)

By formula: (H3+ • 8H2) + H2 = (H3+ • 9H2)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr0.6 ± 0.1kcal/molPHPMSHiraoka, 1987gas phase
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr19.1cal/mol*KPHPMSHiraoka, 1987gas phase

Hydronium cation + Hydrogen = (Hydronium cation • Hydrogen)

By formula: H3O+ + H2 = (H3O+ • H2)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr3.5 ± 0.5kcal/molSCATTERINGOkumura, Yeh, et al., 1990gas phase

Potassium ion (1+) + Hydrogen = (Potassium ion (1+) • Hydrogen)

By formula: K+ + H2 = (K+ • H2)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr1.86kcal/molSIDTBushnell, Kemper, et al., 1994gas phase; ΔrH(0K) = 1.45 kcal/mol
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr13.5cal/mol*KSIDTBushnell, Kemper, et al., 1994gas phase; ΔrH(0K) = 1.45 kcal/mol

(Potassium ion (1+) • Hydrogen) + Hydrogen = (Potassium ion (1+) • 2Hydrogen)

By formula: (K+ • H2) + H2 = (K+ • 2H2)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr1.47kcal/molSIDTBushnell, Kemper, et al., 1994gas phase; ΔrH(0K) = 1.35 kcal/mol
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr11.2cal/mol*KSIDTBushnell, Kemper, et al., 1994gas phase; ΔrH(0K) = 1.35 kcal/mol

Lithium ion (1+) + Hydrogen = (Lithium ion (1+) • Hydrogen)

By formula: Li+ + H2 = (Li+ • H2)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr6.5 ± 4.6kcal/molEIWu, 1979gas phase

Sodium ion (1+) + Hydrogen = (Sodium ion (1+) • Hydrogen)

By formula: Na+ + H2 = (Na+ • H2)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr2.93kcal/molSIDTBushnell, Kemper, et al., 1994gas phase; ΔrH(0K) = 2.45 kcal/mol
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr13.2cal/mol*KSIDTBushnell, Kemper, et al., 1994gas phase; ΔrH(0K) = 2.45 kcal/mol

(Sodium ion (1+) • Hydrogen) + Hydrogen = (Sodium ion (1+) • 2Hydrogen)

By formula: (Na+ • H2) + H2 = (Na+ • 2H2)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr2.41kcal/molSIDTBushnell, Kemper, et al., 1994gas phase; ΔrH(0K) = 2.25 kcal/mol
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr12.4cal/mol*KSIDTBushnell, Kemper, et al., 1994gas phase; ΔrH(0K) = 2.25 kcal/mol

Mass spectrum (electron ionization)

Go To: Top, Gas phase ion energetics data, Ion clustering data, References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled by: NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, William E. Wallace, director

Spectrum

Notice: This spectrum may be better viewed with a Javascript and HTML 5 enabled browser.

Mass spectrum
For Zoom
1.) Enter the desired X axis range (e.g., 100, 200)
2.) Check here for automatic Y scaling
3.) Press here to zoom

Additional Data

View image of digitized spectrum (can be printed in landscape orientation).

Due to licensing restrictions, this spectrum cannot be downloaded.

Owner NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center
Collection (C) 2014 copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce
on behalf of the United States of America. All rights reserved.
Origin American Petroleum Institute Research Project 44
NIST MS number 245692

All mass spectra in this site (plus many more) are available from the NIST/EPA/NIH Mass Spectral Library. Please see the following for information about the library and its accompanying search program.


References

Go To: Top, Gas phase ion energetics data, Ion clustering data, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Hunter and Lias, 1998
Hunter, E.P.; Lias, S.G., Evaluated Gas Phase Basicities and Proton Affinities of Molecules: An Update, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 1998, 27, 3, 413-656, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.556018 . [all data]

Shiner, Gilligan, et al., 1993
Shiner, D.; Gilligan, J.M.; Cook, B.M.; Lichten, W., H2, D2, and HD ionization potentials by accurate calibration of several iodine lines, Phys. Rev. A, 1993, 47, 4042. [all data]

McCormack, Gilligan, et al., 1989
McCormack, E.; Gilligan, J.M.; Cornaggia, C.; Eyler, E.E., Measurement of high Rydberg states and the ionization potential of H2, Phys. Rev. A, 1989, 39, 2260. [all data]

Glab and Hessler, 1987
Glab, W.L.; Hessler, J.P., Multiphoton excitation of high singlet np Rydberg states of molecular hydrogen: Spectroscopy and dynamics, Phys. Rev. A, 1987, 35, 2102. [all data]

Eyler, Short, et al., 1986
Eyler, E.E.; Short, R.C.; Pipkin, F.M., Precision spectroscopy of the nf triplet Rydberg states of H2 and determination of the triplet ionization potential, Phys. Rev. Lett., 1986, 56, 2602. [all data]

Farber, Srivastava, et al., 1982
Farber, M.; Srivastava, R.D.; Moyer, J.W., Mass spectrometric determination of the thermodynamics of potassium hydroxide and minor potassium-containing species required in magnetohydrodynamic power systems, J. Chem. Thermodyn., 1982, 14, 1103. [all data]

Kimura, Katsumata, et al., 1981
Kimura, K.; Katsumata, S.; Achiba, Y.; Yamazaki, T.; Iwata, S., Ionization energies, Ab initio assignments, and valence electronic structure for 200 molecules in Handbook of HeI Photoelectron Spectra of Fundamental Organic Compounds, Japan Scientific Soc. Press, Tokyo, 1981. [all data]

Bieri, Schmelzer, et al., 1980
Bieri, G.; Schmelzer, A.; Asbrink, L.; Jonsson, M., Fluorine and the fluoroderivatives of acetylene and diacetylene studied by 30.4 nm He(II) photoelectron spectroscopy, Chem. Phys., 1980, 49, 213. [all data]

Huber and Herzberg, 1979
Huber, K.P.; Herzberg, G., Molecular Spectra and Molecular Structure. IV. Constants of Diatomic Molecules,, Van Nostrand Reinhold Co., 1979, ,1. [all data]

Farber and Srivastava, 1977
Farber, M.; Srivastava, R.D., Mass spectrometric determination of the heats of formation of the silane fluorides, Chem. Phys. Lett., 1977, 51, 307. [all data]

Rabalais, Debies, et al., 1974
Rabalais, J.W.; Debies, T.P.; Berkosky, J.L.; Huang, J.-T.J.; Ellison, F.O., Calculated photoionization cross sections relative experimental photoionization intensities for a selection of small molecules, J. Chem. Phys., 1974, 61, 516. [all data]

Lee and Rabalais, 1974
Lee, T.H.; Rabalais, J.W., Vibrational transition probabilities in photoelectron spectra, J. Chem. Phys., 1974, 61, 2747. [all data]

Herzberg and Jungen, 1972
Herzberg, G.; Jungen, Ch., Rydberg series and ionization potential of the H2 molecule, J. Mol. Spectrosc., 1972, 41, 425. [all data]

Takezawa, 1970
Takezawa, S., Absorption spectrum of H2 in the vacuum-uv region. II. Rydberg series converging to the first six vibrational levels of the H2+ ground state, J. Chem. Phys., 1970, 52, 5793. [all data]

Asbrink, 1970
Asbrink, L., The photoelectron spectrum of H2, Chem. Phys. Lett., 1970, 7, 549. [all data]

Lossing and Semeluk, 1969
Lossing, F.P.; Semeluk, G.P., Threshold ionization efficiency curves for monoenergetic electron impact on H2, D2, CH4 and CD4, Intern. J. Mass Spectrom. Ion Phys., 1969, 2, 408. [all data]

Herzberg, 1969
Herzberg, G., Dissociation energy and ionization potential of molecular hydrogen, Phys. Rev. Letters, 1969, 23, 1081. [all data]

Villarejo, 1968
Villarejo, D., Measurement of threshold electrons in the photoionization of H2 and D2, J. Chem. Phys., 1968, 48, 4014. [all data]

Collin and Natalis, 1968
Collin, J.E.; Natalis, P., Vibrational and electronic ionic states of nitric oxide. An accurate method for measuring ionization potentials by photoelectron spectroscopy, Intern. J. Mass Spectrom. Ion Phys., 1968, 1, 483. [all data]

Cermak, 1968
Cermak, V., Penning ionization electron spectroscopy. I. Determination of ionization potentials of polyatomic molecules, Collection Czech. Chem. Commun., 1968, 33, 2739. [all data]

Kerwin, Marmet, et al., 1963
Kerwin, L.; Marmet, P.; Clarke, E.M., Recent work with the electrostatic electron selector, Advan. Mass Spectrom., 1963, 2, 522. [all data]

Beutler and Junger, 1936
Beutler, H.; Junger, H.-O., Uber das Absorptionsspektrum des Wasserstoffs. III. Die Autoionisierung im Term 3pπ 1u des H2 und ihre Auswahlgesetze. Bestimmung der lonisierungsenergie des H2, Z. Physik, 1936, 100, 80. [all data]

Weitzel, Mahnert, et al., 1994
Weitzel, K.-M.; Mahnert, J.; Penno, M., ZEKE-PEPICO investigations of dissociation energies in ionic reactions, Chem. Phys. Lett., 1994, 224, 371. [all data]

Crowe and McConkey, 1973
Crowe, A.; McConkey, J.W., Dissociative ionization by electron impact. I. Protons from H2, J. Phys. B:, 1973, 6, 2088. [all data]

Locht and Momigny, 1971
Locht, R.; Momigny, J., Mass spectrometric study of ion-pair processes in diatomic molecules: H2, CO, NO and O2, Int. J. Mass Spectrom. Ion Phys., 1971, 7, 121. [all data]

Curran, Laboratories
Curran, R.K., Negative ion formation in various gases at pressures up to .5 mm of Hg, Scientific Paper 62-908-113-P7, Westinghouse Research, Laboratories, Pittsburgh, 1962. [all data]

Shiell, Hu, et al., 2000
Shiell, R.C.; Hu, X.K.; Hu, Q.C.J.; Hepburn, J.W., Threshold Ion-pair Production spectroscopy (TIPPS) of H2 and D2, Faraday Disc. Chem. Soc., 2000, 115, 331, https://doi.org/10.1039/a909428h . [all data]

Pratt, McCormack, et al., 1992
Pratt, S.T.; McCormack, E.F.; Dehmer, J.L.; Dehmer, P.M., Field-Induced Ion-Pair Formation in Molecular Hydrogen, Phys. Rev. Lett., 1992, 68, 5, 584, https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.68.584 . [all data]

Gurvich, Veyts, et al.
Gurvich, L.V.; Veyts, I.V.; Alcock, C.B., Hemisphere Publishing, NY, 1989, V. 1 2, Thermodynamic Properties of Individual Substances, 4th Ed. [all data]

Lykke, Murray, et al., 1991
Lykke, K.R.; Murray, K.K.; Lineberger, W.C., Threshold Photodetachment of H-, Phys. Rev. A, 1991, 43, 11, 6104, https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevA.43.6104 . [all data]

Shul, Passarella, et al., 1987
Shul, R.J.; Passarella, R.; Upshulte, B.L.; Keesee, R.G.; Castleman, A.W., Thermal Energy Reactions Invoving Ar+ Monomer and Dimer with N2, H2, Xe, and Kr, J. Chem. Phys., 1987, 86, 8, 4446, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.452718 . [all data]

Dehmer and Pratt, 1982
Dehmer, P.M.; Pratt, S.T., Photoionization of ArKr, ArXe, and KrXe and bond dissociation energies of the rare gas dimer ions, J. Chem. Phys., 1982, 77, 4804. [all data]

Hiraoka and Kebarle, 1975
Hiraoka, K.; Kebarle, P., Stability and Structure of H3CO+ Formed from COH+ + H2 at Low Temperature, J. Chem. Phys., 1975, 63, 4, 1688, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.431499 . [all data]

Hiraoka, Kudaka, et al., 1991
Hiraoka, K.; Kudaka, I.; Yamabe, S., Gas-Phase Solvation of CH5+ with H2, Chem. Phys. Lett., 1991, 184, 4, 271, https://doi.org/10.1016/0009-2614(91)85122-D . [all data]

Hiraoka and Kebarle, 1976
Hiraoka, K.; Kebarle, P., Stabilities and Energetics of Pentacoordinated Carbonium Ions. The Isomeric C2H7+ Ions and Some Higher Analogues: C3H9+ and C4H11+, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1976, 98, 20, 6119, https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00436a009 . [all data]

Kemper, Bushnell, et al., 1993
Kemper, P.R.; Bushnell, J.; Von Koppen, P.; Bowers, M.T., Binding Energies of Co+(H2/CH4/C2H6)1,2,3 Clusters, J. Phys. Chem., 1993, 97, 9, 1810, https://doi.org/10.1021/j100111a016 . [all data]

Kemper, Bushnell, et al., 1993, 2
Kemper, P.R.; Bushnell, J.; Von Helden, G.; Bowers, M.T., Co+(H2)n Clusters: Binding Energies and Molecular Parameters, J. Chem Phys., 1993, 97, 1, 52, https://doi.org/10.1021/j100103a012 . [all data]

Haynes and Armentrout, 1996
Haynes, C.L.; Armentrout, P.B., Guided Ion Beam Determination of the Co+ - H2 Bond Dissociation energy, Chem Phys. Let., 1996, 249, 1-2, 64, https://doi.org/10.1016/0009-2614(95)01337-7 . [all data]

Bushnell, Kemper, et al., 1995
Bushnell, J.E.; Kemper, P.R.; Bowers, M.T., Factors Affecting sigma Bond Activation in Simple Systems; Measurement of Experimental Binding energies of Fe+(H2)1-6 Clusters, J. Phys. Chem., 1995, 99, 42, 15602, https://doi.org/10.1021/j100042a040 . [all data]

Hiraoka, Saluja, et al., 1979
Hiraoka, K.; Saluja, P.P.S.; Kebarle, P., Stabilities of Complexes (N2)nH+, (CO)nH+ and (O2)nH+ for n = 1 to 7 Based on Gas Phase Ion Equilibrium Measurements, Can. J. Chem., 1979, 57, 16, 2159, https://doi.org/10.1139/v79-346 . [all data]

Paulson and Henchman, 1984
Paulson, J.F.; Henchman, M.J., NATO Advanced Study Institute, Ionic Processes in the Gas Phase, Series C, M. A. Almoster - Ferreira, ed(s)., Reidel, Boston, 1984, 331. [all data]

Hiraoka, 1987
Hiraoka, K., A Determination of the Stabilities of H3+(H2)n with n=1-9 from Measurements of the gas-Phase Ion Equilibria H3+(H2)n-1 + H2 = H3+(H2)n, J. Chem. Phys., 1987, 87, 7, 4048, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.452909 . [all data]

Beuhler, Ehrenson, et al., 1983
Beuhler, R.J.; Ehrenson, S.; Friedman, L., Hydrogen Cluster Ion Equilibria, J. Chem. Phys., 1983, 79, 12, 5982, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.445781 . [all data]

Hiraoka and Kebarle, 1975, 2
Hiraoka, K.; Kebarle, P., A Determination of the Stabilities of H5+, H7+, H9+, and H11+ from Measurement of the Gas Phase Ion Equilibria Hn+ + H2 = H(n + 2)+ (n = 3, 5, 7, 9), J. Chem. Phys., 1975, 62, 6, 2267, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.430751 . [all data]

Bennett and Field, 1972
Bennett, S.L.; Field, F.H., Reversible Reactions of Gaseous Ions. VII. The Hydrogen System, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1972, 94, 25, 8669, https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00780a003 . [all data]

Okumura, Yeh, et al., 1990
Okumura, M.; Yeh, L.I.; Myers, J.D.; Lee, Y.T., Infrared Spectra of the Solvated Hydronium Ion: Vibrational Predissociation Spectroscopy of Mass-Selected H3O+.(H2O)n.(H2)m, J. Phys. Chem., 1990, 94, 9, 3416, https://doi.org/10.1021/j100372a014 . [all data]

Bushnell, Kemper, et al., 1994
Bushnell, J.E.; Kemper, P.R.; Bowers, M.T., Na+/K+(H2)1,2 clusters: experiment, J. Phys. Chem., 1994, 98, 8, 2044, https://doi.org/10.1021/j100059a011 . [all data]

Wu, 1979
Wu, C.H., Binding Energies of LiH2 and LiH2+ and the Ionization Potential of LiH2, J. Chem. Phys., 1979, 71, 2, 783, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.438367 . [all data]


Notes

Go To: Top, Gas phase ion energetics data, Ion clustering data, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), References