4,4'-Dimethylbiphenyl

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Gas phase ion energetics data

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
LLK - Sharon G. Lias, Rhoda D. Levin, and Sherif A. Kafafi

Ionization energy determinations

IE (eV) Method Reference Comment
8.50EILoudon and Mazengo, 1974LLK

Appearance energy determinations

Ion AE (eV) Other Products MethodReferenceComment
C13H11+12.65CH3EILoudon and Mazengo, 1974LLK
C14H13+12.85HEILoudon and Mazengo, 1974LLK

Mass spectrum (electron ionization)

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled by: NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, William E. Wallace, director

Spectrum

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Mass spectrum
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Additional Data

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Owner NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center
Collection (C) 2014 copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce
on behalf of the United States of America. All rights reserved.
Origin Japan AIST/NIMC Database- Spectrum MS-NW-4599
NIST MS number 228755

All mass spectra in this site (plus many more) are available from the NIST/EPA/NIH Mass Spectral Library. Please see the following for information about the library and its accompanying search program.


UV/Visible spectrum

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled by: Victor Talrose, Eugeny B. Stern, Antonina A. Goncharova, Natalia A. Messineva, Natalia V. Trusova, Margarita V. Efimkina

Spectrum

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UVVis spectrum
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Additional Data

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Source Ando and Tokura, 1958
Owner INEP CP RAS, NIST OSRD
Collection (C) 2007 copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce
on behalf of the United States of America. All rights reserved.
Origin INSTITUTE OF ENERGY PROBLEMS OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS, RAS
Source reference RAS UV No. 6248
Instrument Beckman DU
Melting point 129
Boiling point 295

Gas Chromatography

Go To: Top, Gas phase ion energetics data, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), UV/Visible spectrum, References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled by: NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, William E. Wallace, director

Kovats' RI, non-polar column, isothermal

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Column type Active phase Temperature (C) I Reference Comment
PackedSE-30150.1583.Shlyakhov, Anvaer, et al., 1975 
PackedSE-30200.1619.Shlyakhov, Anvaer, et al., 1975 

Kovats' RI, polar column, isothermal

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Column type Active phase Temperature (C) I Reference Comment
CapillarySP-1000185.2281.Kríz, Popl, et al., 1974N2; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm
CapillarySP-1000200.2236.Kríz, Popl, et al., 1974N2; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm

Van Den Dool and Kratz RI, non-polar column, temperature ramp

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Column type Active phase I Reference Comment
CapillaryDB-51596.8Song, Lai, et al., 200330. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 2. K/min; Tstart: 40. C; Tend: 310. C
CapillaryDB-51607.6Song, Lai, et al., 200330. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 4. K/min; Tstart: 40. C; Tend: 310. C
CapillaryDB-51614.2Song, Lai, et al., 200330. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 6. K/min; Tstart: 40. C; Tend: 310. C
CapillaryDB-51596.8Lai and Song, 199530. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 2. K/min; Tstart: 40. C; Tend: 310. C
CapillaryDB-51607.6Lai and Song, 199530. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 4. K/min; Tstart: 40. C; Tend: 310. C
CapillaryDB-51614.2Lai and Song, 199530. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 6. K/min; Tstart: 40. C; Tend: 310. C
CapillaryDB-51616.Rostad and Pereira, 198630. m/0.26 mm/0.25 μm, He, 50. C @ 4. min, 6. K/min, 300. C @ 20. min
CapillarySE-521590.Beernaert, 1979He, 50. C @ 5. min, 6. K/min; Column length: 33.3 m; Column diameter: 0.50 mm; Tend: 320. C

Van Den Dool and Kratz RI, polar column, temperature ramp

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Column type Active phase I Reference Comment
CapillarySupelcowax-102221.Chung, 199960. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 35. C @ 5. min, 2. K/min, 195. C @ 90. min

Normal alkane RI, non-polar column, isothermal

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Column type Active phase Temperature (C) I Reference Comment
PackedPolydimethyl siloxane183.1594.Ferrand, 1962 

Normal alkane RI, non-polar column, temperature ramp

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Column type Active phase I Reference Comment
CapillaryUltra-11583.Elizalde-González, Hutfliess, et al., 199650. m/0.2 mm/0.33 μm, H2, 3. K/min, 300. C @ 35. min; Tstart: 60. C

Lee's RI, non-polar column, temperature ramp

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Column type Active phase I Reference Comment
CapillaryHP-5277.49Piao, Chu, et al., 199930. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, 50. C @ 2. min, 4. K/min, 280. C @ 20. min
CapillaryDB-5274.5Durlak, Biswas, et al., 199830. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, 15. K/min; Tstart: 50. C; Tend: 300. C
CapillaryDB-5274.5Durlak, Biswas, et al., 199830. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, 15. K/min; Tstart: 50. C; Tend: 300. C
CapillaryDB-5274.08Rostad and Pereira, 198630. m/0.26 mm/0.25 μm, He, 50. C @ 4. min, 6. K/min, 300. C @ 20. min
CapillarySE-52274.59Lee, Vassilaros, et al., 197912. m/0.3 mm/0.34 μm, He, 2. K/min; Tstart: 50. C; Tend: 250. C

Lee's RI, non-polar column, custom temperature program

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Column type Active phase I Reference Comment
CapillaryDB-5277.Fuentes, Font, et al., 2007Column length: 60. m; Program: not specified
CapillaryDB-5274.44Naikwadi, Charbonneau, et al., 1987Column length: 30. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; Program: not specified
CapillaryDB-5274.59Naikwadi, Charbonneau, et al., 1987Column length: 30. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; Program: not specified

References

Go To: Top, Gas phase ion energetics data, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), UV/Visible spectrum, Gas Chromatography, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Loudon and Mazengo, 1974
Loudon, A.G.; Mazengo, R.Z., Steric strain and electron-impact. The behaviour of some n, n'-dimethyl- 1,1-binaphthyls, some n, n'-dimethylbiphenyls and model compounds, Org. Mass Spectrom., 1974, 8, 179. [all data]

Ando and Tokura, 1958
Ando, T.; Tokura, N., Benzylation of acetylene. II. On the structure and oxidation of 3-benzyl-3,4-diphenyl-1-butyne, Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn., 1958, 31, 351-355. [all data]

Shlyakhov, Anvaer, et al., 1975
Shlyakhov, A.F.; Anvaer, B.I.; Zolotareva, O.V.; Romina, N.N.; Novikova, N.V.; Koreshkova, R.I., On the possibility of group indentification of hydrocarbons by gas chromatography from temperature coefficients of retention indices, Zh. Anal. Khim., 1975, 30, 788-792. [all data]

Kríz, Popl, et al., 1974
Kríz, J.; Popl, M.; Mostecký, J., Retention indices of biphenyls and diphenylalkanes, J. Chromatogr., 1974, 97, 1, 3-13, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(01)97577-6 . [all data]

Song, Lai, et al., 2003
Song, C.; Lai, W.-C.; Madhusudan Reddy, K.; Wei, B., Chapter 7. Temperature-programmed retention indices for GC and GC-MS of hydrocarbon fuels and simulated distillation GC of heavy oils in Analytical advances for hydrocarbon research, Hsu,C.S., ed(s)., Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers, New York, 2003, 147-193. [all data]

Lai and Song, 1995
Lai, W.-C.; Song, C., Temperature-programmed retention indices for g.c. and g.c.-m.s. analysis of coal- and petroleum-derived liquid fuels, Fuel, 1995, 74, 10, 1436-1451, https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-2361(95)00108-H . [all data]

Rostad and Pereira, 1986
Rostad, C.E.; Pereira, W.E., Kovats and Lee retention indices determined by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry for organic compounds of environmental interest, J. Hi. Res. Chromatogr. Chromatogr. Comm., 1986, 9, 6, 328-334, https://doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240090603 . [all data]

Beernaert, 1979
Beernaert, H., Gas Chromatographic Analysis of Polyclylic Aromatic Hydrocarbons, J. Chromatogr., 1979, 173, 1, 109-118, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(01)80450-7 . [all data]

Chung, 1999
Chung, H.Y., Volatile components in crabmeats of Charybdis feriatus, J. Agric. Food Chem., 1999, 47, 6, 2280-2287, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf981027t . [all data]

Ferrand, 1962
Ferrand, R., Gas phase chromatography using retention indices for the analysis of tars and their hydrogenation products, Journees internationales d'etude des methodes de separation immediate at de chromatographie; Org. sur l'initiative du IX., 1962, 132-140. [all data]

Elizalde-González, Hutfliess, et al., 1996
Elizalde-González, M.P.; Hutfliess, M.; Hedden, K., Retention index system, adsorption characteristics, and sructure correlations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in fuels, J. Hi. Res. Chromatogr., 1996, 19, 6, 345-352, https://doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240190608 . [all data]

Piao, Chu, et al., 1999
Piao, M.; Chu, S.; Zheng, M.; Xu, X., Characterization of the combustion products of polyethylene, Chemosphere, 1999, 39, 9, 1497-1512, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0045-6535(99)00054-5 . [all data]

Durlak, Biswas, et al., 1998
Durlak, S.K.; Biswas, P.; Shi, J.; Bernhard, M.J., Characterization of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon particulate and gaseous emissions from polystyrene combustion, Environ. Sci. Technol., 1998, 32, 15, 2301-2307, https://doi.org/10.1021/es9709031 . [all data]

Lee, Vassilaros, et al., 1979
Lee, M.L.; Vassilaros, D.L.; White, C.M.; Novotny, M., Retention Indices for Programmed-Temperature Capillary-Column Gas Chromatography of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons, Anal. Chem., 1979, 51, 6, 768-773, https://doi.org/10.1021/ac50042a043 . [all data]

Fuentes, Font, et al., 2007
Fuentes, M.J.; Font, R.; Gomez-Rico, M.F.; Martin-Gullon, I., Pyrolysis and combustion of waste lubricant oil from diesel cars: Decomposition and pollutants, J. Anal. Appl. Pyrolysis, 2007, 79, 1-2, 215-226, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaap.2006.12.004 . [all data]

Naikwadi, Charbonneau, et al., 1987
Naikwadi, K.P.; Charbonneau, G.M.; Karasek, F.W.; Clement, R.E., Separation and Identification of Organic Compounds in Air Particulate Extracts by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry, J. Chromatogr., 1987, 398, 227-237, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(01)96508-2 . [all data]


Notes

Go To: Top, Gas phase ion energetics data, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), UV/Visible spectrum, Gas Chromatography, References