Nitrogen

• Formula: N₂
• Molecular weight: 28.0134
• IUPAC Standard InChI: InChI=1S/N2/c1-2 Copy

  
• IUPAC Standard InChIKey: IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copy
• CAS Registry Number: 7727-37-9
• Chemical structure:
  This structure is also available as a 2d Mol file or as a computed 3d SD file
  The 3d structure may be viewed using Java or Javascript.
• Other names: Nitrogen gas; N2; UN 1066; UN 1977; Dinitrogen; Molecular nitrogen; Diatomic nitrogen; Nitrogen-14
• Permanent link for this species. Use this link for bookmarking this species for future reference.
• Information on this page:
  • Gas phase thermochemistry data
  • Phase change data
  • Reaction thermochemistry data (reactions 1 to 50)
  • Gas phase ion energetics data
  • Mass spectrum (electron ionization)
  • References
  • Notes
• Other data available:
  • Reaction thermochemistry data: reactions 51 to 100, reactions 101 to 150, reactions 151 to 156
  • Henry's Law data
  • Ion clustering data
  • Constants of diatomic molecules
  • Fluid Properties
• Data at other public NIST sites:
  • Electron-Impact Ionization Cross Sections (on physics web site)
  • Gas Phase Kinetics Database
• Options:
  • Switch to calorie-based units

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Gas phase thermochemistry data

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Gas Phase Heat Capacity (Shomate Equation)

C_p° = A + B*t + C*t² + D*t³ + E/t²
H° − H°_298.15= A*t + B*t²/2 + C*t³/3 + D*t⁴/4 − E/t + F − H
S° = A*ln(t) + B*t + C*t²/2 + D*t³/3 − E/(2*t²) + G
    C_p = heat capacity (J/mol*K)
    H° = standard enthalpy (kJ/mol)
    S° = standard entropy (J/mol*K)
    t = temperature (K) / 1000.

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View table.

Phase change data

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
TRC - Thermodynamics Research Center, NIST Boulder Laboratories, Chris Muzny director
AC - William E. Acree, Jr., James S. Chickos

Enthalpy of vaporization

Antoine Equation Parameters

log₁₀(P) = A − (B / (T + C))
    P = vapor pressure (bar)
    T = temperature (K)

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Reaction thermochemistry data

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
M - Michael M. Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Sharon G. Lias
MS - José A. Martinho Simões
B - John E. Bartmess
ALS - Hussein Y. Afeefy, Joel F. Liebman, and Stephen E. Stein

Note: Please consider using the reaction search for this species. This page allows searching of all reactions involving this species. A general reaction search form is also available. Future versions of this site may rely on reaction search pages in place of the enumerated reaction displays seen below.

Reactions 1 to 50

 +  = ( • )

By formula: NO^- + N₂ = (NO^- • N₂)

Free energy of reaction

 +  = ( • )

By formula: N₂⁺ + N₂ = (N₂⁺ • N₂)

 +  = ( • )

By formula: O₂⁺ + N₂ = (O₂⁺ • N₂)

Free energy of reaction

(HN₂⁺ • 4) +  = (HN₂⁺ • 5)

By formula: (HN₂⁺ • 4N₂) + N₂ = (HN₂⁺ • 5N₂)

Free energy of reaction

( • 7 • ) +  = ( • 8 • )

By formula: (O₂^- • 7N₂ • O₂) + N₂ = (O₂^- • 8N₂ • O₂)

( • 2) +  = ( • 3)

By formula: (O₂⁺ • 2N₂) + N₂ = (O₂⁺ • 3N₂)

( • ) +  = ( • 2)

By formula: (O₂⁺ • N₂) + N₂ = (O₂⁺ • 2N₂)

( • ) +  = ( • 2)

By formula: (NO^- • N₂) + N₂ = (NO^- • 2N₂)

C₃N₂NiO₃ (solution) = C₃NiO₃ (solution) +  (solution)

By formula: C₃N₂NiO₃ (solution) = C₃NiO₃ (solution) + N₂ (solution)

N⁺ +  = (N⁺ • )

By formula: N⁺ + N₂ = (N⁺ • N₂)

Enthalpy of reaction

 +  = ( • )

By formula: Cu⁺ + N₂ = (Cu⁺ • N₂)

(HN₂⁺ • 2) +  = (HN₂⁺ • 3)

By formula: (HN₂⁺ • 2N₂) + N₂ = (HN₂⁺ • 3N₂)

(HN₂⁺ • 3) +  = (HN₂⁺ • 4)

By formula: (HN₂⁺ • 3N₂) + N₂ = (HN₂⁺ • 4N₂)

(HN₂⁺ • ) +  = (HN₂⁺ • 2)

By formula: (HN₂⁺ • N₂) + N₂ = (HN₂⁺ • 2N₂)

 +  = ( • )

By formula: Na⁺ + N₂ = (Na⁺ • N₂)

Free energy of reaction

HN₂⁺ +  = (HN₂⁺ • )

By formula: HN₂⁺ + N₂ = (HN₂⁺ • N₂)

C₃₉H₆₆N₂O₃P₂W (solution) +  (g) = C₃₉H₆₈O₃P₂W (solution) +  (g)

By formula: C₃₉H₆₆N₂O₃P₂W (solution) + H₂ (g) = C₃₉H₆₈O₃P₂W (solution) + N₂ (g)

C₃₉H₆₆MoO₃P₃ (solution) +  (g) = C₃₉H₆₆MoN₂O₃P₂ (solution)

By formula: C₃₉H₆₆MoO₃P₃ (solution) + N₂ (g) = C₃₉H₆₆MoN₂O₃P₂ (solution)

( • 2 • 3) +  = ( • 3 • 3)

By formula: (H₃O⁺ • 2N₂ • 3H₂O) + N₂ = (H₃O⁺ • 3N₂ • 3H₂O)

( • 4) +  = ( • 5)

By formula: (O₂⁺ • 4N₂) + N₂ = (O₂⁺ • 5N₂)

Free energy of reaction

( • 2) +  = ( • 3)

By formula: (NO^- • 2N₂) + N₂ = (NO^- • 3N₂)

Free energy of reaction

( • 3) +  = ( • 4)

By formula: (NO^- • 3N₂) + N₂ = (NO^- • 4N₂)

Free energy of reaction

( • 3) +  = ( • 4)

By formula: (O₂⁺ • 3N₂) + N₂ = (O₂⁺ • 4N₂)

Free energy of reaction

( • 3 • 2) +  = ( • 4 • 2)

By formula: (H₃O⁺ • 3N₂ • 2H₂O) + N₂ = (H₃O⁺ • 4N₂ • 2H₂O)

( • 9) +  = ( • 10)

By formula: (NO^- • 9N₂) + N₂ = (NO^- • 10N₂)

(HN₂⁺ • 10) +  = (HN₂⁺ • 11)

By formula: (HN₂⁺ • 10N₂) + N₂ = (HN₂⁺ • 11N₂)

O₃^- +  = (O₃^- • )

By formula: O₃^- + N₂ = (O₃^- • N₂)

(C₂H₅⁺ • ) +  = (C₂H₅⁺ • 2)

By formula: (C₂H₅⁺ • N₂) + N₂ = (C₂H₅⁺ • 2N₂)

( • ) +  = ( • 2)

By formula: (N₂⁺ • N₂) + N₂ = (N₂⁺ • 2N₂)

( • ) +  = ( •  • )

By formula: (O₂⁺ • O₂) + N₂ = (O₂⁺ • N₂ • O₂)

( • ) +  = ( • 2)

By formula: (Na⁺ • N₂) + N₂ = (Na⁺ • 2N₂)

Free energy of reaction

(CH₂N⁺ • 2) +  = (CH₂N⁺ • 3)

By formula: (CH₂N⁺ • 2N₂) + N₂ = (CH₂N⁺ • 3N₂)

(CH₂N⁺ • 3) +  = (CH₂N⁺ • 4)

By formula: (CH₂N⁺ • 3N₂) + N₂ = (CH₂N⁺ • 4N₂)

(CH₂N⁺ • 4) +  = (CH₂N⁺ • 5)

By formula: (CH₂N⁺ • 4N₂) + N₂ = (CH₂N⁺ • 5N₂)

 + 0.5 =  +  + 0.5

By formula: C₄H₄BrNO₂ + 0.5H₄N₂ = HBr + C₄H₅NO₂ + 0.5N₂

 +  = ( • )

By formula: O₂^- + N₂ = (O₂^- • N₂)

C₁₂H₃₄P₄Ru (solution) +  (solution) = C₁₂H₃₂N₂P₄Ru (solution) +  (solution)

By formula: C₁₂H₃₄P₄Ru (solution) + N₂ (solution) = C₁₂H₃₂N₂P₄Ru (solution) + H₂ (solution)

( • 2 • 2) +  = ( • 3 • 2)

By formula: (H₃O⁺ • 2N₂ • 2H₂O) + N₂ = (H₃O⁺ • 3N₂ • 2H₂O)

 (solution) +  (solution) = C₈H₅N₂O₃V (solution) +  (solution)

By formula: C₉H₅O₄V (solution) + N₂ (solution) = C₈H₅N₂O₃V (solution) + CO (solution)

( • 2 • ) +  = ( • 3 • )

By formula: (O₂^- • 2N₂ • O₂) + N₂ = (O₂^- • 3N₂ • O₂)

( • 3 • ) +  = ( • 4 • )

By formula: (O₂^- • 3N₂ • O₂) + N₂ = (O₂^- • 4N₂ • O₂)

( • 4 • ) +  = ( • 5 • )

By formula: (O₂^- • 4N₂ • O₂) + N₂ = (O₂^- • 5N₂ • O₂)

( • 5 • ) +  = ( • 6 • )

By formula: (O₂^- • 5N₂ • O₂) + N₂ = (O₂^- • 6N₂ • O₂)

( • 6 • ) +  = ( • 7 • )

By formula: (O₂^- • 6N₂ • O₂) + N₂ = (O₂^- • 7N₂ • O₂)

( •  • ) +  = ( • 2 • )

By formula: (O₂^- • N₂ • O₂) + N₂ = (O₂^- • 2N₂ • O₂)

( • 2 • ) +  = ( • 3 • )

By formula: (H₃O⁺ • 2N₂ • H₂O) + N₂ = (H₃O⁺ • 3N₂ • H₂O)

( •  • 2) +  = ( • 2 • 2)

By formula: (H₃O⁺ • N₂ • 2H₂O) + N₂ = (H₃O⁺ • 2N₂ • 2H₂O)

( •  • 3) +  = ( • 2 • 3)

By formula: (H₃O⁺ • N₂ • 3H₂O) + N₂ = (H₃O⁺ • 2N₂ • 3H₂O)

( • 10) +  = ( • 11)

By formula: (O₂⁺ • 10N₂) + N₂ = (O₂⁺ • 11N₂)

( • 10) +  = ( • 11)

By formula: (N₂⁺ • 10N₂) + N₂ = (N₂⁺ • 11N₂)

Gas phase ion energetics data

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data evaluated as indicated in comments:
HL - Edward P. Hunter and Sharon G. Lias
L - Sharon G. Lias

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
LL - Sharon G. Lias and Joel F. Liebman
LBLHLM - Sharon G. Lias, John E. Bartmess, Joel F. Liebman, John L. Holmes, Rhoda D. Levin, and W. Gary Mallard
LLK - Sharon G. Lias, Rhoda D. Levin, and Sherif A. Kafafi
RDSH - Henry M. Rosenstock, Keith Draxl, Bruce W. Steiner, and John T. Herron

View reactions leading to N₂⁺ (ion structure unspecified)

Ionization energy determinations

Appearance energy determinations

Mass spectrum (electron ionization)

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Gas phase ion energetics data, References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled by: NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, William E. Wallace, director

Spectrum

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Additional Data

References

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Cox, Wagman, et al., 1984
Cox, J.D.; Wagman, D.D.; Medvedev, V.A., CODATA Key Values for Thermodynamics, Hemisphere Publishing Corp., New York, 1984, 1. [all data]

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Jacobsen, R.T.; Stewart, R.B.; Jahangiri, M., Termodynamic Properties of Nitrogen from the Freezing Line to 2000 K at Pressures to 1000 MPa, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 1986, 15, 735-909. [all data]

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Streng, A.G., Miscibility and Compatibility of Some Liquid and Solidified Gases at Low Temperature, J. Chem. Eng. Data, 1971, 16, 357. [all data]

Angus, de Reuck, et al., 1979
Angus, S.; de Reuck, K.M.; Armstrong, B.; Jacobsen, R.T.; Stewart, R.B., International Thermodynamic Tables of the Fluid State - 6 Nitrogen, Pergamon, New York, 1979. [all data]

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Henning, F.; Otto, J., Vapor pressure curves and triple points in the temperature region from 14 to 90 k, Phys. Z., 1936, 37, 633-8. [all data]

Giauque and Clayton, 1933
Giauque, W.F.; Clayton, J.O., Heat Capacity and Entropy of Nitrogen. Heat of Vaporization. Vapor Pressure of Solid and Liquid. The Reaction 1/2 N2 + 1/2 O2 = NO from Spectroscopic Data, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1933, 55, 4875. [all data]

Weber, 1970
Weber, L.A., Some vapor pressure and P,V,T data on nitrogen in t he range 65 to 140 K, J. Chem. Thermodyn., 1970, 2, 839-846. [all data]

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Cardoso, E., Study of the Critical Point of Several Difficultly LIquifiable Gases: Nitrogen, Carbon Monoxide, Oxygen and Methane, J. Chim. Phys. Phys.-Chim. Biol., 1915, 13, 312. [all data]

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Edejer, Merardo P.; Thodos, George, Vapor pressures of liquid nitrogen between the triple and critical points, J. Chem. Eng. Data, 1967, 12, 2, 206-209, https://doi.org/10.1021/je60033a014 . [all data]

Giauque and Clayton, 1933, 2
Giauque, W.F.; Clayton, J.O., The Heat Capacity and Entropy of Nitrogen. Heat of Vaporization. Vapor Pressures of Solid and Liquid. The Reaction 1/2 N ₂ + 1/2 O ₂ = NO from Spectroscopic Data, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1933, 55, 12, 4875-4889, https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01339a024 . [all data]

Moussa, Muijlwijk, et al., 1966
Moussa, M.R.; Muijlwijk, R.; van Dijk, H., The Vapour Pressure of Liquid Nitrogen, Physica (Amsterdam), 1966, 32, 5, 900-912, https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-8914(66)90021-8 . [all data]

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Gheno and Fitaire, 1987
Gheno, F.; Fitaire, M., Association of N2 with NH4+ and H3O+(H2O)n, n = 1,2,3, J. Chem. Phys., 1987, 87, 2, 953, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.453250 . [all data]

Speller, Fitaire, et al., 1983
Speller, C.V.; Fitaire, M.; Pointu, A.M., Three - Body Association Reactions of NO+ and O2+ with N2, J. Chem. Phys., 1983, 79, 5, 2190, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.446067 . [all data]

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Turner, D.L.; Conway, D.C., Stability of the NO+.N2 Ion Cluster, J. Chem. Phys., 1976, 65, 10, 3944, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.432887 . [all data]

Johnsen, Huang, et al., 1975
Johnsen, R.; Huang, C.M.; Biondi, M.A., The Formation and Breakup of NO2+.N2 Clusters in N2 at Low Temperatures, J. Chem. Phys., 1975, 63, 8, 3374, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.431751 . [all data]

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Dunkin, Fehsenfeld, et al., 1971
Dunkin, D.B.; Fehsenfeld, F.C.; Schelmetekopf, A.L.; Ferguson, E.E., Three-Body Association Reactions of NO+ with O2, N2, and CO2, J. Chem. Phys., 1971, 54, 9, 3817, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1675432 . [all data]

Hiraoka and Nakajima, 1988
Hiraoka, K.; Nakajima, G., A Determination of the Stabilities of N2+(N2)n and O2+(N2)n with n = 1 - 11 from Measurements of the Gas - Phase Ion Equilibria, J. Chem. Phys., 1988, 88, 12, 7709, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.454285 . [all data]

Teng and Conway, 1973
Teng, H.H.; Conway, D.C., Ion - Molecule Equilibria in Mixtures of N2 and Ar, J. Chem. Phys., 1973, 59, 5, 2316, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1680338 . [all data]

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Payzant, J.D.; Kebarle, P., Clustering Equilibrium N2+ + 2N2 = N4+ + N2 and the Bond Dissociation Energy of N4+, J. Chem. Phys., 1970, 53, 12, 4723, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1674010 . [all data]

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Howard, C.J.; Bierbaum, V.M.; Rundle, H.W.; Kaufman, F., Kinetics and Mechanism of Formation of Water Cluster Ions from O2+ and H2O+, J. Chem. Phys., 1972, 57, 8, 3491, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1678783 . [all data]

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Hiraoka, K.; Mori, T., Gas Phase Stabilities of the Cluster Ions H+(CO)2(CO)n, H+(N2)2(N2)n and H+(O2)2(O2)n with n = 1 - 14, Chem. Phys., 1989, 137, 1-3, 345, https://doi.org/10.1016/0301-0104(89)87119-8 . [all data]

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Haynes, C.L.; Freysinger, W.; Armentrout, P.B., Collision-induced dissociation of N₃⁺(X³-) with Ne, Ar, Kr, and Xe, Int. J. Mass Spectrom. Ion Processes, 1995, 149/150, 267. [all data]

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El-Shall, M.S.; Schriver, K.E.; Whetten, R.L.; Meot-Ner (Mautner), M., Ion/Molecule Clustering Thermochemistry by Laser Ionization High - Pressure Mass Spectrometry, J. Phys. Chem., 1989, 93, 24, 7969, https://doi.org/10.1021/j100361a002 . [all data]

Perry, Rowe, et al., 1980
Perry, R.A.; Rowe, B.R.; Viggiano, A.A.; Albritton, D.L.; Ferguson, E.E.; Fehsenfeld, F.C., Laboratory Measurements of Stratospheric Sodium Ion Measurements, Geophys. Res. Lett., 1980, 7, 9, 693, https://doi.org/10.1029/GL007i009p00693 . [all data]

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Notes

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• Symbols used in this document:
  

  AE	Appearance energy
  IE (evaluated)	Recommended ionization energy
  Pc	Critical pressure
  Ptriple	Triple point pressure
  S°gas,1 bar	Entropy of gas at standard conditions (1 bar)
  T	Temperature
  Tboil	Boiling point
  Tc	Critical temperature
  Tfus	Fusion (melting) point
  Ttriple	Triple point temperature
  ΔrG°	Free energy of reaction at standard conditions
  ΔrH°	Enthalpy of reaction at standard conditions
  ΔrS°	Entropy of reaction at standard conditions
  ΔvapH	Enthalpy of vaporization
  ρc	Critical density

• Data from NIST Standard Reference Database 69: NIST Chemistry WebBook
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