Benzyl radical

• Formula: C₇H₇
• Molecular weight: 91.1305
• IUPAC Standard InChI: InChI=1S/C7H7/c1-7-5-3-2-4-6-7/h2-6H,1H2 Copy

  
• IUPAC Standard InChIKey: SLRMQYXOBQWXCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copy
• CAS Registry Number: 2154-56-5
• Chemical structure:
  This structure is also available as a 2d Mol file or as a computed 3d SD file
  The 3d structure may be viewed using Java or Javascript.
• Isotopologues:
  • Benzyl-d7 radical
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• Information on this page:
  • Gas phase thermochemistry data
  • Gas phase ion energetics data
  • References
  • Notes
• Other data available:
  • Reaction thermochemistry data
  • Vibrational and/or electronic energy levels
• Data at other public NIST sites:
  • Gas Phase Kinetics Database
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Gas phase thermochemistry data

Go To: Top, Gas phase ion energetics data, References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Gas phase ion energetics data

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data evaluated as indicated in comments:
HL - Edward P. Hunter and Sharon G. Lias
L - Sharon G. Lias

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
LL - Sharon G. Lias and Joel F. Liebman
LLK - Sharon G. Lias, Rhoda D. Levin, and Sherif A. Kafafi
RDSH - Henry M. Rosenstock, Keith Draxl, Bruce W. Steiner, and John T. Herron
B - John E. Bartmess

View reactions leading to C₇H₇⁺ (ion structure unspecified)

Electron affinity determinations

Ionization energy determinations

References

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Tsang, 1996
Tsang, W., Heats of Formation of Organic Free Radicals by Kinetic Methods in Energetics of Organic Free Radicals, Martinho Simoes, J.A.; Greenberg, A.; Liebman, J.F., eds., Blackie Academic and Professional, London, 1996, 22-58. [all data]

Hunter and Lias, 1998
Hunter, E.P.; Lias, S.G., Evaluated Gas Phase Basicities and Proton Affinities of Molecules: An Update, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 1998, 27, 3, 413-656, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.556018 . [all data]

Gunion, Gilles, et al., 1992
Gunion, R.F.; Gilles, M.K.; Polak, M.L.; Lineberger, W.C., Ultraviolet Photoelectron Spectroscopy of the Phenide, Benzyl, and Phenoxide Anions., Int. J. Mass Spectrom. Ion Proc., 1992, 117, 601, https://doi.org/10.1016/0168-1176(92)80115-H . [all data]

Kim, Wenthold, et al., 1999
Kim, J.B.; Wenthold, P.G.; Lineberger, W.C., Ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy of o-, m-, and p-halobenzyl anions, J. Phys. Chem. A, 1999, 103, 50, 10833-10841, https://doi.org/10.1021/jp992817o . [all data]

Bartmess, Scott, et al., 1979
Bartmess, J.E.; Scott, J.A.; McIver, R.T., Jr., The gas phase acidity scale from methanol to phenol, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1979, 101, 6047. [all data]

Drzaic and Brauman, 1984
Drzaic, P.S.; Brauman, J.I., A determination of the singlet-triplet splitting in phenylnitrene via photoelectron detachment, J. Phys. Chem., 1984, 88, 5285. [all data]

Richardson, Stephenson, et al., 1975
Richardson, J.H.; Stephenson, L.M.; Brauman, J.I., Photodetachment of electrons from large molecular systems: Benzyl anion. An upper Limitlto the electron affinity of C₆H₅CH₂, J. Chem. Phys., 1975, 63, 74. [all data]

Failes, Joyce, et al., 1976
Failes, R.L.; Joyce, J.T.; Walton, E.C., The behaviour of some dimethyl and trimethyl substituted pyridines in the magnetron, J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys., 1976, 9, 1543. [all data]

Page, 1972
Page, F.M., Experimental determination of the electron affinities of inorganic radicals, Adv. Chem. Ser., 1972, 36, 68. [all data]

Page and Goode, 1969
Page, F.M.; Goode, G.C., Negative Ions and the Magnetron., Wiley, NY, 1969. [all data]

Gaines and Page, 1968
Gaines, A.F.; Page, F.M., The Stabilities of Negative Ions.I. The Methyl-, Diphenylmethyl, and Triphenylmethyl Negative Ions, Int. J. Mass Spectrom. Ion Phys., 1968, 1, 4-5, 315, https://doi.org/10.1016/0020-7381(68)85008-9 . [all data]

Im and Bernstein, 1991
Im, H.S.; Bernstein, E.R., Mass resolved excitation spectroscopy of radicals: benzyl and phenylnitrene, J. Chem. Phys., 1991, 95, 6326. [all data]

Eiden, Weinhold, et al., 1991
Eiden, G.C.; Weinhold, F.; Weisshar, J.C., Photoelectron spectroscopy of free radicals with cm-1 resolution: The benzyl cation, J. Chem. Phys., 1991, 95, 8665. [all data]

Eiden and Weisshaar, 1991
Eiden, G.C.; Weisshaar, J.C., Adiabatic ionization potential of benzyl radical by two-color resonant two-photon ionization, J. Phys. Chem., 1991, 95, 6194. [all data]

Griller and Lossing, 1981
Griller, D.; Lossing, F.P., On the thermochemistry of α-aminoalkyl radicals, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1981, 103, 1586. [all data]

Houle and Beauchamp, 1978
Houle, F.A.; Beauchamp, J.L., Detection and investigation of allyl and benzyl radicals by photoelectron spectroscopy, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1978, 100, 3290. [all data]

Lossing, 1971
Lossing, F.P., Free radicals by mass spectrometry. XLIII. Ionization potentials and ionic heats of formation for vinyl, allyl, and benzyl radicals, Can. J. Chem., 1971, 49, 357. [all data]

Elder and Parr, 1969
Elder, F.A.; Parr, A.C., Photoionization of the cycloheptatrienyl radical, J. Chem. Phys., 1969, 50, 1027. [all data]

Akopyan and Vilesov, 1966
Akopyan, M.E.; Vilesov, F.I., A mass-spectrometric study of the photo-ionisation of benzene derivatives at wavelengths up to 885 A, Zh. Fiz. Khim., 1966, 40, 125, In original 63. [all data]

Harrison, Kebarle, et al., 1961
Harrison, A.G.; Kebarle, P.; Lossing, F.P., Free radicals by mass spectrometry. XXI. The ionization potentials of some meta and para substituted benzyl radicals, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1961, 83, 777. [all data]

Koenig, Snell, et al., 1976
Koenig, T.; Snell, W.; Chang, J.C., The He(I) photoelectron spectra of benzyl and α-cyanoisopropyl radicals, Tetrahedron Lett., 1976, 50, 4569. [all data]

Notes

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Gas phase ion energetics data, References

• Symbols used in this document:
  

  EA	Electron affinity
  IE (evaluated)	Recommended ionization energy
  ΔfH(+) ion,0K	Enthalpy of formation of positive ion at 0K
  ΔfH°gas	Enthalpy of formation of gas at standard conditions

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