Isopropyl Alcohol

• Formula: C₃H₈O
• Molecular weight: 60.0950
• IUPAC Standard InChI: InChI=1S/C3H8O/c1-3(2)4/h3-4H,1-2H3 Copy

  
• IUPAC Standard InChIKey: KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copy
• CAS Registry Number: 67-63-0
• Chemical structure:
  This structure is also available as a 2d Mol file or as a computed 3d SD file
  The 3d structure may be viewed using Java or Javascript.
• Other names: 2-Propanol; sec-Propyl Alcohol; Alcojel; Alcosolve 2; Avantin; Avantine; Combi-Schutz; Dimethylcarbinol; Hartosol; Imsol A; Isohol; Isopropanol; Lutosol; Petrohol; Propol; PRO; Takineocol; 1-Methylethyl Alcohol; iso-C3H7OH; 2-Hydroxypropane; Propane, 2-hydroxy-; sec-Propanol; Propan-2-ol; i-Propylalkohol; Alcolo; Alcool isopropilico; Alcool isopropylique; Alkolave; Arquad DMCB; iso-Propylalkohol; Isopropyl alcohol, rubbing; IPA; Lavacol; Visco 1152; Alcosolve; i-Propanol; 2-Propyl alcohol; Spectrar; Sterisol hand disinfectant; UN 1219; n-Propan-2-ol; 1-methylethanol; Propanol-2; Virahol; IPS 1
• Permanent link for this species. Use this link for bookmarking this species for future reference.
• Information on this page:
  • Phase change data
  • Gas phase ion energetics data
  • References
  • Notes
• Other data available:
  • Gas phase thermochemistry data
  • Condensed phase thermochemistry data
  • Reaction thermochemistry data
  • Henry's Law data
  • Ion clustering data
  • IR Spectrum
  • Mass spectrum (electron ionization)
  • Gas Chromatography
• Data at other public NIST sites:
  • Gas Phase Kinetics Database
  • X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy Database, version 5.0
• Options:
  • Switch to SI units

Data at NIST subscription sites:

• NIST / TRC Web Thermo Tables, "lite" edition (thermophysical and thermochemical data)
• NIST / TRC Web Thermo Tables, professional edition (thermophysical and thermochemical data)

NIST subscription sites provide data under the NIST Standard Reference Data Program, but require an annual fee to access. The purpose of the fee is to recover costs associated with the development of data collections included in such sites. Your institution may already be a subscriber. Follow the links above to find out more about the data in these sites and their terms of usage.

Phase change data

Go To: Top, Gas phase ion energetics data, References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
TRC - Thermodynamics Research Center, NIST Boulder Laboratories, Chris Muzny director
BS - Robert L. Brown and Stephen E. Stein
AC - William E. Acree, Jr., James S. Chickos
ALS - Hussein Y. Afeefy, Joel F. Liebman, and Stephen E. Stein
DH - Eugene S. Domalski and Elizabeth D. Hearing

Enthalpy of vaporization

Enthalpy of vaporization

Δ_vapH = A exp(-αT_r) (1 − T_r)^β
    Δ_vapH = Enthalpy of vaporization (at saturation pressure) (kcal/mol)
    T_r = reduced temperature (T / T_c)

View plot Requires a JavaScript / HTML 5 canvas capable browser.

Antoine Equation Parameters

log₁₀(P) = A − (B / (T + C))
    P = vapor pressure (atm)
    T = temperature (K)

View plot Requires a JavaScript / HTML 5 canvas capable browser.

Enthalpy of fusion

Entropy of fusion

Gas phase ion energetics data

Go To: Top, Phase change data, References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data evaluated as indicated in comments:
HL - Edward P. Hunter and Sharon G. Lias
L - Sharon G. Lias

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
B - John E. Bartmess
MM - Michael M. Meot-Ner (Mautner)
LBLHLM - Sharon G. Lias, John E. Bartmess, Joel F. Liebman, John L. Holmes, Rhoda D. Levin, and W. Gary Mallard
LLK - Sharon G. Lias, Rhoda D. Levin, and Sherif A. Kafafi
RDSH - Henry M. Rosenstock, Keith Draxl, Bruce W. Steiner, and John T. Herron

View reactions leading to C₃H₈O⁺ (ion structure unspecified)

Proton affinity at 298K

Ionization energy determinations

Appearance energy determinations

De-protonation reactions

C₃H₇O^- +  =

By formula: C₃H₇O^- + H⁺ = C₃H₈O

References

Go To: Top, Phase change data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Ogimachi, Corcoran, et al., 1961
Ogimachi, N.N.; Corcoran, J.M.; Kruse. H.W., Thermal Analysis of Systems of Hydrazine with Propyl Alcohol, Isopropyl Alcohol, and Allyl Alcohol, J. Chem. Eng. Data, 1961, 6, 238. [all data]

Anonymous, 1958
Anonymous, X., Am. Pet. Inst. Res. Proj. 50, 1958, Unpublished, 1958. [all data]

Gude and Teja, 1995
Gude, M.; Teja, A.S., Vapor-Liquid Critical Properties of Elements and Compounds. 4. Aliphatic Alkanols, J. Chem. Eng. Data, 1995, 40, 1025-1036. [all data]

Ambrose, Counsell, et al., 1978
Ambrose, D.; Counsell, J.F.; Lawrenson, I.J.; Lewis, G.B., Thermodynamic properties of organic oxygen compounds XLVII. Pressure, volume, temperature relations and thermodynamic properties of propan-2-ol, J. Chem. Thermodyn., 1978, 10, 1033-1043. [all data]

Teja, Lee, et al., 1989
Teja, A.S.; Lee, R.J.; Rosenthal, D.J.; Anselme, M.J., Correlation of the Critical Properties of Alkanes and Alkanols in 5th IUPAC Conference on Alkanes and AlkanolsGradisca, 1989. [all data]

Ambrose and Townsend, 1963
Ambrose, D.; Townsend, R., Thermodynamic Properties of Organic Oxygen Compounds IX. The Critical Properties and Vapor Pressures Above Five Atmospheres of Six Aliphatic Alcohols, J. Chem. Soc., 1963, 54, 3614-25. [all data]

Majer and Svoboda, 1985
Majer, V.; Svoboda, V., Enthalpies of Vaporization of Organic Compounds: A Critical Review and Data Compilation, Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford, 1985, 300. [all data]

Segura, Galindo, et al., 2002
Segura, Hugo; Galindo, Graciela; Reich, Ricardo; Wisniak, Jaime; Loras, Sonia, Isobaric Vapor-Liquid Equilibria and Densities for the System Methyl 1,1-Dimethylethyl Ether +2-Propanol, Physics and Chemistry of Liquids, 2002, 40, 3, 277-294, https://doi.org/10.1080/0031910021000004865 . [all data]

Wormald and Vine, 2000
Wormald, C.J.; Vine, M.D., Specific enthalpy increments for propan-2-ol at temperatures up to 563.2 K and pressures up to 11.3 MPa, The Journal of Chemical Thermodynamics, 2000, 32, 5, 659-669, https://doi.org/10.1006/jcht.1999.0631 . [all data]

Aucejo, Gonzalez-Alfaro, et al., 1995
Aucejo, Antonio; Gonzalez-Alfaro, Vicenta; Monton, Juan B.; Vazquez, M. Isabel, Isobaric Vapor-Liquid Equilibria of Trichloroethylene with 1-Propanol and 2-Propanol at 20 and 100 kPa, J. Chem. Eng. Data, 1995, 40, 1, 332-335, https://doi.org/10.1021/je00017a073 . [all data]

Stephenson and Malanowski, 1987
Stephenson, Richard M.; Malanowski, Stanislaw, Handbook of the Thermodynamics of Organic Compounds, 1987, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3173-2 . [all data]

Ambrose, Counsell, et al., 1970
Ambrose, D.; Counsell, J.F.; Davenport, A.J., The use of Chebyshev polynomials for the representation of vapour pressures between the triple point and the critical point, The Journal of Chemical Thermodynamics, 1970, 2, 2, 283-294, https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9614(70)90093-5 . [all data]

Wilhoit and Zwolinski, 1973
Wilhoit, R.C.; Zwolinski, B.J., Physical and thermodynamic properties of aliphatic alcohols, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data Suppl., 1973, 1, 2, 1. [all data]

Van Ness, Soczek, et al., 1967
Van Ness, Hendrick C.; Soczek, C.A.; Peloquin, G.L.; Machado, R.L., Thermodynamic excess properties of three alcohol-hydrocarbon systems, J. Chem. Eng. Data, 1967, 12, 2, 217-224, https://doi.org/10.1021/je60033a017 . [all data]

Berman, Larkam, et al., 1964
Berman, Neil S.; Larkam, Charles W.; McKetta, John J., Vapor Heat Capacity and Heat of Vaporization of 2-Propanol., J. Chem. Eng. Data, 1964, 9, 2, 218-219, https://doi.org/10.1021/je60021a020 . [all data]

Ambrose and Townsend, 1963, 2
Ambrose, D.; Townsend, R., 681. Thermodynamic properties of organic oxygen compounds. Part IX. The critical properties and vapour pressures, above five atmospheres, of six aliphatic alcohols, J. Chem. Soc., 1963, 3614, https://doi.org/10.1039/jr9630003614 . [all data]

Biddiscombe, Collerson, et al., 1963
Biddiscombe, D.P.; Collerson, R.R.; Handley, R.; Herington, E.F.G.; Martin, J.F.; Sprake, C.H.S., 364. Thermodynamic properties of organic oxygen compounds. Part VIII. Purification and vapour pressures of the propyl and butyl alcohols, J. Chem. Soc., 1963, 1954, https://doi.org/10.1039/jr9630001954 . [all data]

Hales, Cox, et al., 1963
Hales, J.L.; Cox, J.D.; Lees, E.B., Thermodynamic properties of organic oxygen compounds. Part 10.-Measurement of vapour heat capacities and latent heats of vaporization of isopropyl alcohol, Trans. Faraday Soc., 1963, 59, 1544. [all data]

Williamson and Harrison, 1957
Williamson, K.D.; Harrison, R.H., Heats of vaporization of 1,1,2-trichloroethane, 1-propanol, and 2-propanol; vapor heat capacity of 1,1,2-trichloroethane, J. Chem. Phys., 1957, 26, 1409-14. [all data]

Foz Gazulla, Morcilio, et al., 1955
Foz Gazulla, O.R.; Morcilio, J.; Perez-Masia, A.; Mendes, A., Anales Real Soc. Espan. Fis. Quim. (Madrid), 1955, 50B, 23. [all data]

Ambrose and Townsend, 1963, 3
Ambrose, D.; Townsend, R., Thermodynamic Properties of Organic Oxygen Compounds. Part 9. The Critical Properties and Vapour Pressures, above Five Atmospheres, of Six Aliphatic Alcohols, J. Chem. Soc., 1963, 3614-3625, https://doi.org/10.1039/jr9630003614 . [all data]

Biddiscombe, Collerson, et al., 1963, 2
Biddiscombe, D.P.; Collerson, R.R.; Handley, R.; Herington, E.F.G.; Martin, J.F.; Sprake, C.H.S., Thermodynamic Properties of Organic Oxygen Compounds. Part 8. Purification and Vapor Pressures of the Propyl and Butyl Alcohols, J. Chem. Soc., 1963, 1954-1957, https://doi.org/10.1039/jr9630001954 . [all data]

Andon, Counsell, et al., 1963
Andon, R.J.L.; Counsell, J.F.; Martin, J.F., Thermodynamic properties of organic oxygen compounds. Part II. The thermodynamic properties from 10 to 330 K of isopropyl alcohol, Trans. Faraday Soc., 1963, 59, 1555-1558. [all data]

Kelley, 1929
Kelley, K.K., The heats capacities of isopropyl alcohol and acetone from 16 to 298 °K and the corresponding entropies and free energies, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1929, 51, 1145-1150. [all data]

Domalski and Hearing, 1996
Domalski, Eugene S.; Hearing, Elizabeth D., Heat Capacities and Entropies of Organic Compounds in the Condensed Phase. Volume III, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 1996, 25, 1, 1, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.555985 . [all data]

Parks and Kelley, 1928
Parks, G.S.; Kelley, K.K., The application of the third law of thermodynamics to some organic reactions, J. Phys. Chem., 1928, 32, 734-750. [all data]

Parks and Kelley, 1925
Parks, G.S.; Kelley, K.K., Thermal data on organic compounds. II. The heat capacities of five organic compounds. The entropies and free energies of some homologous series of aliphatic compounds, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1925, 47, 2089-2097. [all data]

Hunter and Lias, 1998
Hunter, E.P.; Lias, S.G., Evaluated Gas Phase Basicities and Proton Affinities of Molecules: An Update, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 1998, 27, 3, 413-656, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.556018 . [all data]

Cao and Holmes, 2001
Cao, J.; Holmes, J.L., Determination of the proton affinities of secondary alcohols from the dissocation of proton-bound molecular trios, European J. Mass Spectrom., 2001, 7, 243-247. [all data]

Bowen and Maccoll, 1984
Bowen, R.D.; Maccoll, A., Low energy, low temperature mass spectra, Org. Mass Spectrom., 1984, 19, 379. [all data]

Potapov and Sorokin, 1972
Potapov, V.K.; Sorokin, V.V., Kinetic energies of products of dissociative photoionization of molecules. I. Aliphatic ketones and alcohols, Khim. Vys. Energ., 1972, 6, 387. [all data]

Cocksey, Eland, et al., 1971
Cocksey, B.J.; Eland, J.H.D.; Danby, C.J., The effect of alkyl substitution on ionisation potential, J. Chem. Soc., 1971, (B), 790. [all data]

Dewar and Worley, 1969
Dewar, M.J.S.; Worley, S.D., Photoelectron spectra of molecules. I. Ionization potentials of some organic molecules and their interpretation, J. Chem. Phys., 1969, 50, 654. [all data]

Refaey and Chupka, 1968
Refaey, K.M.A.; Chupka, W.A., Photoionization of the lower aliphatic alcohols with mass analysis, J. Chem. Phys., 1968, 48, 5205. [all data]

Watanabe, 1957
Watanabe, K., Ionization potentials of some molecules, J. Chem. Phys., 1957, 26, 542. [all data]

Benoit and Harrison, 1977
Benoit, F.M.; Harrison, A.G., Predictive value of proton affinity. Ionization energy correlations involving oxygenated molecules, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1977, 99, 3980. [all data]

Peel and Willett, 1975
Peel, J.B.; Willett, G.D., Photoelectron spectroscopic studies of the higher alcohols, Aust. J. Chem., 1975, 28, 2357. [all data]

Robin and Kuebler, 1973
Robin, M.B.; Kuebler, N.A., Excited electronic states of the simple alcohols, J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom., 1973, 1, 13. [all data]

Katsumata, Iwai, et al., 1973
Katsumata, S.; Iwai, T.; Kimura, K., Photoelectron spectra and sum rule consideration. Higher alkyl amines and alcohols, Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn., 1973, 46, 3391. [all data]

Baker, Betteridge, et al., 1971
Baker, A.D.; Betteridge, D.; Kemp, N.R.; Kirby, R.E., Application of photoelectron spectrometry to pesticide analysis. II.Photoelectron spectra of hydroxy-, and halo-alkanes and halohydrins, Anal. Chem., 1971, 43, 375. [all data]

Olmsted, Street, et al., 1964
Olmsted, J., III; Street, K., Jr.; Newton, A.S., Excess-kinetic-energy ions in organic mass spectra, J. Chem. Phys., 1964, 40, 2114. [all data]

Friedman, Long, et al., 1957
Friedman, L.; Long, F.A.; Wolfsberg, M., Study of the mass spectra of the lower aliphatic alcohols, J. Chem. Phys., 1957, 27, 613. [all data]

Holmes, Burgers, et al., 1982
Holmes, J.L.; Burgers, P.C.; Mollah, Y.A., Alkane elimination from ionized alkanols, Org. Mass Spectrom., 1982, 17, 127. [all data]

Lossing, 1977
Lossing, F.P., Heats of formation of some isomeric [C_nH_2n+1]⁺ ions. Substitutional effects on ion stability, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1977, 99, 7526. [all data]

Haney and Franklin, 1969
Haney, M.A.; Franklin, J.L., Excess energies in mass spectra of some oxygen-containing organic compounds, J. Chem. Soc. Faraday Trans., 1969, 65, 1794. [all data]

Lambdin, Tuffly, et al., 1959
Lambdin, W.J.; Tuffly, B.L.; Yarborough, V.A., Appearance potentials as obtained with an analytical mass spectrometer, Appl. Spectry., 1959, 13, 71. [all data]

Ramond, Davico, et al., 2000
Ramond, T.M.; Davico, G.E.; Schwartz, R.L.; Lineberger, W.C., Vibronic structure of alkoxy radicals via photoelectron spectroscopy, J. Chem. Phys., 2000, 112, 3, 1158-1169, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.480767 . [all data]

Bartmess, Scott, et al., 1979
Bartmess, J.E.; Scott, J.A.; McIver, R.T., Jr., The gas phase acidity scale from methanol to phenol, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1979, 101, 6047. [all data]

DeTuri and Ervin, 1999
DeTuri, V.F.; Ervin, K.M., Competitive threshold collision-induced dissociation: Gas-phase acidities and bond dissociation energies for a series of alcohols, J. Phys. Chem. A, 1999, 103, 35, 6911-6920, https://doi.org/10.1021/jp991459m . [all data]

Haas and Harrison, 1993
Haas, M.J.; Harrison, A.G., The Fragmentation of Proton-Bound Cluster Ions and the Gas-Phase Acidities of Alcohols, Int. J. Mass Spectrom. Ion Proc., 1993, 124, 2, 115, https://doi.org/10.1016/0168-1176(93)80003-W . [all data]

Notes

Go To: Top, Phase change data, Gas phase ion energetics data, References

• Symbols used in this document:
  

  AE	Appearance energy
  IE (evaluated)	Recommended ionization energy
  Pc	Critical pressure
  Tboil	Boiling point
  Tc	Critical temperature
  Tfus	Fusion (melting) point
  Ttriple	Triple point temperature
  Vc	Critical volume
  ΔfusH	Enthalpy of fusion
  ΔfusS	Entropy of fusion
  ΔrG°	Free energy of reaction at standard conditions
  ΔrH°	Enthalpy of reaction at standard conditions
  ΔvapH	Enthalpy of vaporization
  ΔvapH°	Enthalpy of vaporization at standard conditions
  ρc	Critical density

• Data from NIST Standard Reference Database 69: NIST Chemistry WebBook
• The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) uses its best efforts to deliver a high quality copy of the Database and to verify that the data contained therein have been selected on the basis of sound scientific judgment. However, NIST makes no warranties to that effect, and NIST shall not be liable for any damage that may result from errors or omissions in the Database.
• Customer support for NIST Standard Reference Data products.