Cubane
- Formula: C8H8
- Molecular weight: 104.1491
- IUPAC Standard InChIKey: TXWRERCHRDBNLG-UHFFFAOYSA-N
- CAS Registry Number: 277-10-1
- Chemical structure:
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Phase change data
Go To: Top, Gas phase ion energetics data, References, Notes
Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Data compiled as indicated in comments:
AC - William E. Acree, Jr., James S. Chickos
ALS - Hussein Y. Afeefy, Joel F. Liebman, and Stephen E. Stein
CAL - James S. Chickos, William E. Acree, Jr., Joel F. Liebman, Students of Chem 202 (Introduction to the Literature of Chemistry), University of Missouri -- St. Louis
DH - Eugene S. Domalski and Elizabeth D. Hearing
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔvapH° | 10.7 ± 0.2 | kcal/mol | CGC | Bashir-Hashemi, Chickos, et al., 2004 | AC |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
ΔsubH° | 13.2 ± 0.48 | kcal/mol | AC+CGC | Bashir-Hashemi, Chickos, et al., 2004 | AC |
ΔsubH° | ME | Kybett, Carroll, et al., 1966 | uncertain value: 19.2 ± 0.38 kcal/mol; in Ref. Diky, Frenkel, et al., 2003 the authors state that the value of 80.3 kJ/mole from Kybett, Carroll, et al., 1966 pertains to the average temperature and not to 298 K. The authors give a value of 79.1±1.7 for the 298 K value; AC |
Enthalpy of sublimation
ΔsubH (kcal/mol) | Temperature (K) | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|
19.2 ± 0.4 | 239. | V | Kybett, Carroll, et al., 1966, 2 | ALS |
Enthalpy of fusion
ΔfusH (kcal/mol) | Temperature (K) | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|
2.1 | 404.9 | AC | White, Wasylishen, et al., 1992 | AC |
Entropy of fusion
ΔfusS (cal/mol*K) | Temperature (K) | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|
3.604 | 394. | White, Wasylishen, et al., 1992, 2 | CAL |
5.136 | 404.9 |
Enthalpy of phase transition
ΔHtrs (kcal/mol) | Temperature (K) | Initial Phase | Final Phase | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1.420 | 395.04 | crystaline, II | crystaline, I | White, Wasylishen, et al., 1992 | DH |
2.079 | 404.9 | crystaline, I | liquid | White, Wasylishen, et al., 1992 | DH |
Entropy of phase transition
ΔStrs (cal/mol*K) | Temperature (K) | Initial Phase | Final Phase | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
3.674 | 395.04 | crystaline, II | crystaline, I | White, Wasylishen, et al., 1992 | DH |
5.43 | 404.9 | crystaline, I | liquid | White, Wasylishen, et al., 1992 | DH |
Gas phase ion energetics data
Go To: Top, Phase change data, References, Notes
Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Data evaluated as indicated in comments:
HL - Edward P. Hunter and Sharon G. Lias
L - Sharon G. Lias
Data compiled as indicated in comments:
B - John E. Bartmess
LBLHLM - Sharon G. Lias, John E. Bartmess, Joel F. Liebman, John L. Holmes, Rhoda D. Levin, and W. Gary Mallard
LLK - Sharon G. Lias, Rhoda D. Levin, and Sherif A. Kafafi
RDSH - Henry M. Rosenstock, Keith Draxl, Bruce W. Steiner, and John T. Herron
View reactions leading to C8H8+ (ion structure unspecified)
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
IE (evaluated) | 8.6 ± 0.1 | eV | N/A | N/A | L |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
Proton affinity (review) | 205.5 | kcal/mol | N/A | Hunter and Lias, 1998 | HL |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
Gas basicity | 199.2 | kcal/mol | N/A | Hunter and Lias, 1998 | HL |
Ionization energy determinations
IE (eV) | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|
8.6 ± 0.1 | TRPI | Lifshitz and Eaton, 1983 | LBLHLM |
8.46 | PE | Gassman and Yamaguchi, 1979 | LLK |
8.6 | PE | Bischof, Eaton, et al., 1978 | LLK |
8.4 ± 0.1 | EI | Gross, 1972 | LLK |
8.64 ± 0.10 | EI | Franklin and Carroll, 1969 | RDSH |
8.74 | PE | Dewar and Worley, 1969 | RDSH |
8.74 ± 0.15 | EI | Kybett, Carroll, et al., 1966, 2 | RDSH |
9.00 | PE | Bischof, Eaton, et al., 1978 | Vertical value; LLK |
Appearance energy determinations
Ion | AE (eV) | Other Products | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
C3H3+ | 10.01 ± 0.10 | ? | EI | Franklin and Carroll, 1969 | RDSH |
C4H2+ | 14.33 ± 0.20 | 2C2H2+H2 | EI | Franklin and Carroll, 1969 | RDSH |
C4H3+ | 14.96 ± 0.10 | 2C2H2+H | EI | Franklin and Carroll, 1969 | RDSH |
C4H4+ | 12.88 ± 0.15 | 2C2H2 | EI | Franklin and Carroll, 1969 | RDSH |
C5H3+ | 13.60 ± 0.10 | ? | EI | Franklin and Carroll, 1969 | RDSH |
C6H5+ | 10.93 ± 0.10 | C2H2+H | EI | Franklin and Carroll, 1969 | RDSH |
C6H6+ | 8.8 ± 0.1 | C2H2 | TRPI | Lifshitz and Eaton, 1983 | LBLHLM |
C6H6+ | 9.2 ± 0.1 | ? | EI | Gross, 1972 | LLK |
C6H6+ | 9.00 ± 0.10 | C2H2 | EI | Franklin and Carroll, 1969 | RDSH |
C8H6+ | 8.92 ± 0.10 | H2 | EI | Franklin and Carroll, 1969 | RDSH |
C8H7+ | 9.3 ± 0.2 | H | TRPI | Lifshitz and Eaton, 1983 | LBLHLM |
C8H7+ | 8.96 ± 0.10 | H | EI | Franklin and Carroll, 1969 | RDSH |
De-protonation reactions
C8H7- + =
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 403.4 ± 3.1 | kcal/mol | G+TS | Hare, Emrick, et al., 1997 | gas phase; Comparable to ammonia; D exchange with ND3; B |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
ΔrG° | 396.5 ± 3.0 | kcal/mol | IMRB | Hare, Emrick, et al., 1997 | gas phase; Comparable to ammonia; D exchange with ND3; B |
References
Go To: Top, Phase change data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Notes
Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Bashir-Hashemi, Chickos, et al., 2004
Bashir-Hashemi, A.; Chickos, James S.; Hanshaw, William; Zhao, Hui; Farivar, Behzad S.; Liebman, Joel F.,
The enthalpy of sublimation of cubane,
Thermochimica Acta, 2004, 424, 1-2, 91-97, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tca.2004.05.022
. [all data]
Kybett, Carroll, et al., 1966
Kybett, B.D.; Carroll, S.; Natalis, P.; Bonnell, D.W.; Margrave, J.L.; Franklin, J.L.,
Thermodynamic Properties of Cubane,
J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1966, 88, 3, 626-626, https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00955a056
. [all data]
Diky, Frenkel, et al., 2003
Diky, Vladimir V.; Frenkel, Michael; Karpushenkava, Larisa S.,
Thermodynamics of sublimation of cubane: natural anomaly or experimental error?,
Thermochimica Acta, 2003, 408, 1-2, 115-121, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0040-6031(03)00318-6
. [all data]
Kybett, Carroll, et al., 1966, 2
Kybett, B.D.; Carroll, S.; Natalis, P.; Bonnell, D.W.; Margrave, J.L.; Franklin, J.L.,
Thermodynamic properties of cubane,
J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1966, 88, 626. [all data]
White, Wasylishen, et al., 1992
White, M.A.; Wasylishen, R.E.; Eaton, P.E.; Xiong, Y.; Pramod, K.; Nodari, N.,
Orientational disorder in solid cubane: a thermodynamic and 13C NMR study,
J. Phys. Chem., 1992, 96(1), 421-425. [all data]
White, Wasylishen, et al., 1992, 2
White, M.A.; Wasylishen, R.E.; Eaton, P.E.; Xiong, Y.; Pramod, K.; Nodari, N.,
Orientational disorder in solid cubane: a thermodynamic and carbon-13 NMR study,
J. Phys. Chem., 1992, 96, 1, 421, https://doi.org/10.1021/j100180a078
. [all data]
Hunter and Lias, 1998
Hunter, E.P.; Lias, S.G.,
Evaluated Gas Phase Basicities and Proton Affinities of Molecules: An Update,
J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 1998, 27, 3, 413-656, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.556018
. [all data]
Lifshitz and Eaton, 1983
Lifshitz, C.; Eaton, P.E.,
Time-dependent mass spectra and breakdown graphs. III. The cubane cation complete or partial instability,
Int. J. Mass Spectrom. Ion Phys., 1983, 49, 337. [all data]
Gassman and Yamaguchi, 1979
Gassman, P.G.; Yamaguchi, R.,
Electrochemical oxidation of strained hydrocarbons,
J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1979, 101, 1308. [all data]
Bischof, Eaton, et al., 1978
Bischof, P.; Eaton, P.E.; Gleiter, R.; Heilbronner, E.; Jones, T.B.; Musso, H.; Schmelzer, A.; Stober, R.,
44. The electronic structure of cubane (C8H8) as revealed by photoelectron spectroscopy,
Helv. Chim. Acta, 1978, 61, 547. [all data]
Gross, 1972
Gross, M.L.,
Ion cyclotron resonance spectrometry. A means of evaluating 'kinetic shifts',
Org. Mass Spectrom., 1972, 6, 827. [all data]
Franklin and Carroll, 1969
Franklin, J.L.; Carroll, S.R.,
The effect of molecular structure on ionic decomposition. I. An electron impact study of seven C8H8 isomers,
J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1969, 91, 5940. [all data]
Dewar and Worley, 1969
Dewar, M.J.S.; Worley, S.D.,
Photoelectron spectra of molecules. I. Ionization potentials of some organic molecules and their interpretation,
J. Chem. Phys., 1969, 50, 654. [all data]
Hare, Emrick, et al., 1997
Hare, M.; Emrick, T.; Eaton, P.E.; Kass, S.R.,
Cubyl Anion Formation and an Experimental Determination of the Acidity and C-H Bond Dissociation Energy of Cubane,
J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1997, 119, 1, 237, https://doi.org/10.1021/ja9627858
. [all data]
Notes
Go To: Top, Phase change data, Gas phase ion energetics data, References
- Symbols used in this document:
AE Appearance energy IE (evaluated) Recommended ionization energy ΔHtrs Enthalpy of phase transition ΔStrs Entropy of phase transition ΔfusH Enthalpy of fusion ΔfusS Entropy of fusion ΔrG° Free energy of reaction at standard conditions ΔrH° Enthalpy of reaction at standard conditions ΔsubH Enthalpy of sublimation ΔsubH° Enthalpy of sublimation at standard conditions ΔvapH° Enthalpy of vaporization at standard conditions - Data from NIST Standard Reference Database 69: NIST Chemistry WebBook
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