Naphthalene

Formula: C₁₀H₈
Molecular weight: 128.1705
IUPAC Standard InChI: InChI=1S/C10H8/c1-2-6-10-8-4-3-7-9(10)5-1/h1-8H
IUPAC Standard InChIKey: UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N
CAS Registry Number: 91-20-3
Chemical structure:
This structure is also available as a 2d Mol file or as a computed 3d SD file
The 3d structure may be viewed using Java or Javascript.
Isotopologues:
- Naphthalene-D8
Other names: Albocarbon; Dezodorator; Moth flakes; Naphthalin; Naphthaline; Naphthene; Tar camphor; White tar; Camphor tar; Moth balls; Naftalen; NCI-C52904; Mighty 150; Mighty RD1; Rcra waste number U165; UN 1334; UN 2304; NSC 37565
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Gas phase thermochemistry data

Go To: Top, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Gas phase ion energetics data, IR Spectrum, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), Gas Chromatography, References, Notes

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
DRB - Donald R. Burgess, Jr.
ALS - Hussein Y. Afeefy, Joel F. Liebman, and Stephen E. Stein
GT - Glushko Thermocenter, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_fH°_gas	150. ± 10.	kJ/mol	AVG	N/A	Average of 7 values; Individual data points

Constant pressure heat capacity of gas

C_p,gas (J/mol*K)	Temperature (K)	Reference	Comment
36.18	50.	Thermodynamics Research Center, 1997	p=1 bar. Selected values of S(T) and Cp(T) agree with those calculated by statistical thermodynamics method [ Dorofeeva O.V., 1986, Dorofeeva O.V., 1988] within 1.2 J/molK. Discrepancies with other calculations [ Barrow G.M., 1951, McClellan A.L., 1955, 79CHE/KUD, Lielmezs J., 1981] reach 2-3 J/molK.; GT
47.50	100.
63.89	150.
84.99	200.
120.52	273.15
133.02	298.15
133.94	300.
181.16	400.
220.70	500.
252.37	600.
277.77	700.
298.43	800.
315.50	900.
329.77	1000.
341.8	1100.
352.0	1200.
360.8	1300.
368.2	1400.
374.7	1500.

Constant pressure heat capacity of gas

C_p,gas (J/mol*K)	Temperature (K)	Reference	Comment
201.6 ± 2.0	451.0	Barrow G.M., 1951	GT
226.7 ± 2.3	522.7	Barrow G.M., 1951	GT

Condensed phase thermochemistry data

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Gas phase ion energetics data, IR Spectrum, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), Gas Chromatography, References, Notes

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
DH - Eugene S. Domalski and Elizabeth D. Hearing
DRB - Donald R. Burgess, Jr.
ALS - Hussein Y. Afeefy, Joel F. Liebman, and Stephen E. Stein

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
S°_liquid	217.59	J/mol*K	N/A	Chirico, Knipmeyer, et al., 1993	DH
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_fH°_solid	77. ± 10.	kJ/mol	AVG	N/A	Average of 7 values; Individual data points
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_cH°_solid	-5160. ± 20.	kJ/mol	AVG	N/A	Average of 18 values; Individual data points
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
S°_{solid,1 bar}	167.40	J/mol*K	N/A	McCullough, Finke, et al., 1957	DH
S°_{solid,1 bar}	162.84	J/mol*K	N/A	Southard and Brickwedde, 1933	DH
S°_{solid,1 bar}	166.86	J/mol*K	N/A	Pearce and Tanner, 1934	Extrapolation below 90 K, 58.32 J/mol*K.; DH
S°_{solid,1 bar}	166.9	J/mol*K	N/A	Huffman, Parks, et al., 1930	Extrapolation below 90 K, 53.09 J/mol*K.; DH

Constant pressure heat capacity of liquid

C_p,liquid (J/mol*K)	Temperature (K)	Reference	Comment
196.06	298.15	Chirico, Knipmeyer, et al., 1993	T = 260 to 700 K.; DH

Constant pressure heat capacity of solid

C_p,solid (J/mol*K)	Temperature (K)	Reference	Comment
213.	330.	David, 1964	T = 298 to 353 K. Mean value. T = uncertain.; DH
188.4	342.	Rastogi and Bassi, 1964	T = 342, 384 K.; DH
165.69	298.15	McCullough, Finke, et al., 1957	T = 10 to 370 K.; DH
156.1	298.15	Ueberreiter and Orthmann, 1950	T = 293 to 368 K. Equation only.; DH
195.8	298.1	Eibert, 1944	T = 30 to 200°C, equations only in t°C. Cp(c) = 0.365 cal/gK (30 to 80°C); Cp(liq) = 0.329 + 0.000824t cal/gK (80 to 200°C).; DH
161.5	298.1	Schmidt, 1941	T = 22 to 200°C, equations only, in t°C. Cp(c) = 0.2595 + 0.001672t cal/gK (22 to 80°C); Cp(liq) = 0.3360 + 0.0008180t cal/gK (80 to 200°C).; DH
168.11	301.58	Hicks, 1938	T = 58 to 304 K. Value is unsmoothed experimental datum.; DH
168.07	297.6	Pearce and Tanner, 1934	T = 94 to 298 K. Value is unsmoothed experimental datum.; DH
165.48	294.68	Southard and Brickwedde, 1933	T = 15 to 295 K. Value is unsmoothed experimental datum.; DH
169.0	303.	Spaght, Thomas, et al., 1932	T = 30 to 190°C.; DH
163.6	295.1	Huffman, Parks, et al., 1930	T = 91 to 295 K.; DH
159.4	298.	Andrews, Lynn, et al., 1926	T = 12 to 300°C.; DH

Phase change data

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Gas phase ion energetics data, IR Spectrum, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), Gas Chromatography, References, Notes

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
BS - Robert L. Brown and Stephen E. Stein
TRC - Thermodynamics Research Center, NIST Boulder Laboratories, Chris Muzny director
AC - William E. Acree, Jr., James S. Chickos
DH - Eugene S. Domalski and Elizabeth D. Hearing
DRB - Donald R. Burgess, Jr.
ALS - Hussein Y. Afeefy, Joel F. Liebman, and Stephen E. Stein

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
T_boil	490. ± 5.	K	AVG	N/A	Average of 10 out of 11 values; Individual data points
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
T_fus	353.2 ± 0.7	K	AVG	N/A	Average of 55 out of 57 values; Individual data points
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
T_triple	353.39 ± 0.09	K	AVG	N/A	Average of 6 values; Individual data points
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
T_c	748. ± 6.	K	AVG	N/A	Average of 13 out of 14 values; Individual data points
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
P_c	41. ± 1.	bar	AVG	N/A	Average of 10 out of 11 values; Individual data points
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
V_c	0.407	l/mol	N/A	Tsonopoulos and Ambrose, 1995
V_c	0.409	l/mol	N/A	Cheng, 1963	Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.06 l/mol; TRC
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
ρ_c	2.46 ± 0.05	mol/l	N/A	Tsonopoulos and Ambrose, 1995
ρ_c	2.497	mol/l	N/A	Chirico, Knipmeyer, et al., 1993, 2	Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.078 mol/l; TRC
ρ_c	2.450	mol/l	N/A	Schroeer, 1941	Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.04 mol/l; TRC
ρ_c	2.456	mol/l	N/A	Zhuravlev, 1937	Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.04 mol/l; TRC
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_vapH°	54.6	kJ/mol	CGC	Zhao, Unhannanant, et al., 2008	AC
Δ_vapH°	60.3 ± 1.1	kJ/mol	GC	Haftka, Parsons, et al., 2006	Based on data from 333. to 403. K.; AC
Δ_vapH°	53.4	kJ/mol	CGC	Chickos, Hesse, et al., 1998	AC
Δ_vapH°	56.6	kJ/mol	CGC	Chickos, Hosseini, et al., 1995	Based on data from 403. to 453. K.; AC
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_subH°	71. ± 5.	kJ/mol	AVG	N/A	Average of 17 values; Individual data points

Enthalpy of vaporization

Δ_vapH (kJ/mol)	Temperature (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
70.850	323.	N/A	Torres-Gomez, Barreiro-Rodriguez, et al., 1988	DH
56.1	398.	GC	Lei, Chankalal, et al., 2002	Based on data from 323. to 473. K.; AC
47.6 ± 1.8	491. to 747.	DSC	Boller and Wiedemann, 1998	AC
45.4	475.	DSC	Back, Grzyll, et al., 1996	Based on data from 460. to 647. K.; AC
48.7 ± 0.3	400.	EB	Chirico, Knipmeyer, et al., 1993	AC
46.4	440.	EB	Chirico, Knipmeyer, et al., 1993	AC
44.0	480.	EB	Chirico, Knipmeyer, et al., 1993	AC
41.5	520.	EB	Chirico, Knipmeyer, et al., 1993	AC
44.4	528.	N/A	Lee and Holder, 1993	Based on data from 513. to 613. K.; AC
47.9	423.	EB	Ambrose, Ewing, et al., 1990	Based on data from 418. to 613. K.; AC
50.6	367.	A	Stephenson and Malanowski, 1987	Based on data from 352. to 500. K.; AC
44.8	506.	A	Stephenson and Malanowski, 1987	Based on data from 491. to 565. K.; AC
43.2	578.	A	Stephenson and Malanowski, 1987	Based on data from 563. to 663. K.; AC
43.3	676.	A	Stephenson and Malanowski, 1987	Based on data from 661. to 750. K.; AC
50.3 ± 0.2	370.	N/A	de Kruif, Kuipers, et al., 1981	Based on data from 353. to 388. K.; AC
44.7	466.	N/A	Wilson, Johnston, et al., 1981	Based on data from 441. to 727. K.; AC
50.7	369.	N/A	Fowler, Trump, et al., 1968	Based on data from 354. to 453. K.; AC
49.0	414.	N/A	Camin and Rossini, 1955	Based on data from 399. to 491. K.; AC
46.4	441.	C	Barrow and McClellan, 1951	AC
48.3	379.	I	Cramer, 1943	AC
47.2	423.	I	Mortimer and Murphy, 1923	Based on data from 373. to 473. K.; AC
47.7	427.	I	NELSON and SENSEMAN, 1922	Based on data from 360. to 494. K.; AC

Entropy of vaporization

Δ_vapS (J/mol*K)	Temperature (K)	Reference	Comment
219.3	323.	Torres-Gomez, Barreiro-Rodriguez, et al., 1988	DH

Antoine Equation Parameters

log₁₀(P) = A − (B / (T + C))
P = vapor pressure (bar)
T = temperature (K)

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Temperature (K)	A	B	C	Reference	Comment
353.48 to 452.30	4.27117	1831.571	-61.329	Fowler, Trump, et al., 1968	Coefficents calculated by NIST from author's data.
399.47 to 491.79	3.97067	1606.529	-85.923	Camin and Rossini, 1955

Enthalpy of sublimation

Δ_subH (kJ/mol)	Temperature (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
72.320	298.15	N/A	Torres-Gomez, Barreiro-Rodriguez, et al., 1988	DH
72.8	327.	GS	Grayson and Fosbraey, 2006	Based on data from 302. to 352. K.; AC
64. ± 0.5	281. to 290.	LE	McEachern and Sandoval, 2001	AC
88.0 ± 2.5	267. to 303.	ME	Boller and Wiedemann, 1998	AC
71.7	333.	GS	Nass, Lenoir, et al., 1995	Based on data from 313. to 353. K.; AC
73.7 ± 1.0	258.	GS	Wania, Shiu, et al., 1994	Based on data from 243. to 273. K.; AC
78. ± 1.	337. to 352.	GC	Khudyakov, 1988	AC
71. ± 4.	323.	DSC	Torres-Gomez, Barreiro-Rodriguez, et al., 1988	AC
73.4	315.	GS	SATO, INOMATA, et al., 1986	Based on data from 299. to 331. K.; AC
72.3 ± 0.8	293. to 331.	QR	Glukhova, Arkhangelova, et al., 1985	AC
69.9	333. to 393.	GS	Matsubara and Kuwamoto, 1985	AC
75.8 ± 1.1	303.	GS	Sonnefeld, Zoller, et al., 1983	Based on data from 283. to 323. K.; AC
72.8 ± 0.3	271. to 285.	ME	Colomina, Jimenez, et al., 1982	AC
72.5 ± 0.1	274. to 353.	DM	de Kruif, Kuipers, et al., 1981	AC
72.6 ± 0.6	253. to 273.	TE	Kruif, 1980	AC
76.0 ± 2.0	328. to 398.	DSC	Murray, Cavell, et al., 1980	AC
71.3	293.	GS	Macknick and Prausnitz, 1979	Based on data from 280. to 305. K.; AC
74.8 ± 0.4	253. to 273.	TE	De Kruif and Van Ginkel, 1977	AC
73.9 ± 0.2	253. to 273.	ME	De Kruif and Van Ginkel, 1977	AC
72.5 ± 0.3	263. to 343.	DM	Ambrose, Lawrenson, et al., 1975	AC
67.8 ± 3.5	280.	HSA	Chickos, 1975	AC
74.4 ± 1.7	303. to 329.	TSGC	McEachern, Sandoval, et al., 1975	AC
72.7 ± 1.7	283.	V	Radchenko and Kitaigorodskii, 1974	ALS
72.7	283. to 323.	ME	Radchenko, 1971	AC
66.53 ± 0.84	283.	V	Karyakin, Rabinovich, et al., 1968	ALS
72.7 ± 0.3	230. to 260.	KG	Miller, 1963	See also Cox and Pilcher, 1970.; AC
66.3 ± 2.3	354.7	V	Aihara, 1959	crystal phase; ALS
66.3	276. to 283.	V	Aihara, 1959, 2	AC
69.2	268.	N/A	Hoyer and Peperle, 1958	Based on data from 253. to 283. K.; AC
65.8	293.	Effusion	Sklyarenko, Markin, et al., 1958	Based on data from 283. to 303. K.; AC
72.1	292.	N/A	Sherwood and Bryant, 1957	Based on data from 273. to 311. K.; AC
72.4	279. to 294.	N/A	Bradley and Cleasby, 1953	See also Jones, 1960 and Sears and Hopke, 1954.; AC
72.383	279.7	V	Bradley and Cleasby, 1953, 2	ALS
65.7	297.	Effusion	Zibberman-Granovskaya, 1940	Based on data from 288. to 306. K.; AC
76.6	237. to 276.	N/A	Andrews, 1925	AC
82.0	293.	ME	Swan and Mack, 1925	Based on data from 283. to 303. K.; AC

Entropy of sublimation

Δ_subS (J/mol*K)	Temperature (K)	Reference	Comment
242.6	298.15	Torres-Gomez, Barreiro-Rodriguez, et al., 1988	DH

Enthalpy of fusion

Δ_fusH (kJ/mol)	Temperature (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
18.811	353.44	N/A	Mastrangelo, 1957	DH
18.226	353.43	N/A	McCullough, Finke, et al., 1957	DH
19.200	353.0	N/A	Spaght, Thomas, et al., 1932	DH
19.1	353.5	DSC	Sharma, Gupta, et al., 2008	AC
16.44	353.8	DSC	Hafsaoui and Mahmoud, 2007	AC
19.55	354.7	DSC	Khimeche and Dahmani, 2006	AC
19.55	354.7	DSC	Khimeche and Dahmani, 2006, 2	AC
19.0	353.4	AC	Chirico, Knipmeyer, et al., 2002	Based on data from 5. to 440. K.; AC
19.1	353.4	N/A	Acree, 1991	AC
19.020	354.1	N/A	Syunyaev, Tumanyan, et al., 1984	Relative error in determination ± 5%.; DH
19.100	353.5	N/A	Rastogi and Bassi, 1964	DH
18.785	353.	N/A	Ueberreiter and Orthmann, 1950	DH
18.790	353.4	N/A	Eibert, 1944	DH
19.040	353.4	N/A	Schmidt, 1941	DH
19.000	353.1	N/A	Andrews, Lynn, et al., 1926	DH
19.250	353.	N/A	David, 1964	Temperature not measured.; DH

Entropy of fusion

Δ_fusS (J/mol*K)	Temperature (K)	Reference	Comment
51.57	353.43	McCullough, Finke, et al., 1957	DH
54.4	353.0	Spaght, Thomas, et al., 1932	DH
53.7	354.1	Syunyaev, Tumanyan, et al., 1984	Relative; DH
54.0	353.5	Rastogi and Bassi, 1964	DH
53.2	353.	Ueberreiter and Orthmann, 1950	DH
53.2	353.4	Eibert, 1944	DH
53.9	353.4	Schmidt, 1941	DH
53.8	353.1	Andrews, Lynn, et al., 1926	DH
55.	353.	David, 1964	Temperature; DH

Enthalpy of phase transition

ΔH_trs (kJ/mol)	Temperature (K)	Initial Phase	Final Phase	Reference	Comment
19.046	353.376	crystaline, I	liquid	Andon and Connett, 1980	DH
19.000	353.8	crystaline, I	liquid	Radomska and Radomski, 1980	DH

Entropy of phase transition

ΔS_trs (J/mol*K)	Temperature (K)	Initial Phase	Final Phase	Reference	Comment
53.90	353.376	crystaline, I	liquid	Andon and Connett, 1980	DH
53.70	353.8	crystaline, I	liquid	Radomska and Radomski, 1980	DH

In addition to the Thermodynamics Research Center (TRC) data available from this site, much more physical and chemical property data is available from the following TRC products:

Reaction thermochemistry data

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Gas phase ion energetics data, IR Spectrum, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), Gas Chromatography, References, Notes

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
B - John E. Bartmess
M - Michael M. Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Sharon G. Lias
ALS - Hussein Y. Afeefy, Joel F. Liebman, and Stephen E. Stein

Note: Please consider using the reaction search for this species. This page allows searching of all reactions involving this species. A general reaction search form is also available. Future versions of this site may rely on reaction search pages in place of the enumerated reaction displays seen below.

Individual Reactions

C₁₀H₇^- + = Naphthalene

By formula: C₁₀H₇^- + H⁺ = C₁₀H₈

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	1649. ± 5.0	kJ/mol	Bran	Reed and Kass, 2000	gas phase; B
Δ_rH°	1649. ± 5.0	kJ/mol	TDEq	Meot-ner, Liebman, et al., 1988	gas phase; anchored to 88MEO scale, not the "87 acidity scale". The Kiefer, Zhang, et al., 1997 BDE is for ortho.; B
Δ_rH°	1648. ± 21.	kJ/mol	CIDC	Lardin, Squires, et al., 2001	gas phase; B
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	1613. ± 5.4	kJ/mol	H-TS	Reed and Kass, 2000	gas phase; B
Δ_rG°	1606. ± 5.0	kJ/mol	TDEq	Meot-ner, Liebman, et al., 1988	gas phase; anchored to 88MEO scale, not the "87 acidity scale". The Kiefer, Zhang, et al., 1997 BDE is for ortho.; B
Δ_rG°	1613. ± 21.	kJ/mol	H-TS	Lardin, Squires, et al., 2001	gas phase; B

C₆H₇N⁺ + Naphthalene = (C₆H₇N⁺ • )

By formula: C₆H₇N⁺ + C₁₀H₈ = (C₆H₇N⁺ • C₁₀H₈)

Bond type: Charge transfer bond (positive ion)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	64.4	kJ/mol	PHPMS	El-Shall and Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1987	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	110.	J/mol*K	N/A	El-Shall and Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1987	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kJ/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
31.	324.	PHPMS	El-Shall and Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1987	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

C₁₂H₈⁺ + Naphthalene = (C₁₂H₈⁺ • )

By formula: C₁₂H₈⁺ + C₁₀H₈ = (C₁₂H₈⁺ • C₁₀H₈)

Bond type: Charge transfer bond (positive ion)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	52.7	kJ/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1980	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	120.	J/mol*K	N/A	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1980	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	21.	kJ/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1980	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

C₁₂H₉⁺ + Naphthalene = (C₁₂H₉⁺ • )

By formula: C₁₂H₉⁺ + C₁₀H₈ = (C₁₂H₉⁺ • C₁₀H₈)

Bond type: Charge transfer bond (positive ion)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	58.2	kJ/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1980	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	120.	J/mol*K	N/A	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1980	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	27.	kJ/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1980	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

2 + Naphthalene =

By formula: 2H₂ + C₁₀H₈ = C₁₀H₁₂

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	-125.	kJ/mol	Eqk	Frye and Weitkamp, 1969	gas phase; ALS
Δ_rH°	-120.5 ± 5.0	kJ/mol	Eqk	Wilson, Caflisch, et al., 1958	gas phase; Reanalyzed by Cox and Pilcher, 1970, 2, Original value = -133.9 ± 5.0 kJ/mol; At 400 K; ALS

= Naphthalene

By formula: C₁₀H₈ = C₁₀H₈

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	-248.5 ± 8.0	kJ/mol	Eqk	Dreeskamp, Kapahnke, et al., 1988	liquid phase; solvent: Heptane; Isomerization; ALS
Δ_rH°	-249.2 ± 8.0	kJ/mol	Ciso	Grimme and Heinze, 1978	liquid phase; solvent: Heptane; ALS

C₁₀H₈⁺ + Naphthalene = (C₁₀H₈⁺ • )

By formula: C₁₀H₈⁺ + C₁₀H₈ = (C₁₀H₈⁺ • C₁₀H₈)

Bond type: Charge transfer bond (positive ion)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	74.5	kJ/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1980	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	120.	J/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1980	gas phase; M

C₁₀H₇^- + = Naphthalene

By formula: C₁₀H₇^- + H⁺ = C₁₀H₈

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	1655. ± 5.4	kJ/mol	Bran	Reed and Kass, 2000	gas phase; B
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	1619. ± 5.9	kJ/mol	H-TS	Reed and Kass, 2000	gas phase; B

H₄O₄^- + Naphthalene + 2 = C₁₀H₁₂O₄^-

By formula: H₄O₄^- + C₁₀H₈ + 2H₂O = C₁₀H₁₂O₄^-

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	219. ± 9.6	kJ/mol	N/A	Le Barbu, Schiedt, et al., 2002	gas phase; Affinity is difference in EAs of lesser solvated species; B

H₂O₃^- + Naphthalene + = C₁₀H₁₀O₃^-

By formula: H₂O₃^- + C₁₀H₈ + H₂O = C₁₀H₁₀O₃^-

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	158. ± 9.6	kJ/mol	N/A	Le Barbu, Schiedt, et al., 2002	gas phase; Affinity is difference in EAs of lesser solvated species; B

C₁₀H₉⁺ + Naphthalene = (C₁₀H₉⁺ • )

By formula: C₁₀H₉⁺ + C₁₀H₈ = (C₁₀H₉⁺ • C₁₀H₈)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	59.0	kJ/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1980	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	130.	J/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1980	gas phase; M

+ Naphthalene = C₁₀H₈O₂^-

By formula: O₂^- + C₁₀H₈ = C₁₀H₈O₂^-

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	92.5 ± 9.6	kJ/mol	N/A	Le Barbu, Schiedt, et al., 2002	gas phase; Affinity is difference in EAs of lesser solvated species; B

+ Naphthalene = C₁₀H₈NO^-

By formula: NO^- + C₁₀H₈ = C₁₀H₈NO^-

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	60.7 ± 9.6	kJ/mol	N/A	Le Barbu, Schiedt, et al., 2002	gas phase; Affinity is difference in EAs of lesser solvated species; B

C₁₀H₈NO^- + 2 Naphthalene = C₂₀H₁₆NO^-

By formula: C₁₀H₈NO^- + 2C₁₀H₈ = C₂₀H₁₆NO^-

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	99.6 ± 9.6	kJ/mol	N/A	Le Barbu, Schiedt, et al., 2002	gas phase; Affinity is difference in EAs of lesser solvated species; B

5 + Naphthalene =

By formula: 5H₂ + C₁₀H₈ = C₁₀H₁₈

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	-318.	kJ/mol	Eqk	Frye and Weitkamp, 1969	gas phase; ALS

Gas phase ion energetics data

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, IR Spectrum, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), Gas Chromatography, References, Notes

Data evaluated as indicated in comments:
HL - Edward P. Hunter and Sharon G. Lias
L - Sharon G. Lias

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
B - John E. Bartmess
MM - Michael M. Meot-Ner (Mautner)
LL - Sharon G. Lias and Joel F. Liebman
LBLHLM - Sharon G. Lias, John E. Bartmess, Joel F. Liebman, John L. Holmes, Rhoda D. Levin, and W. Gary Mallard
LLK - Sharon G. Lias, Rhoda D. Levin, and Sherif A. Kafafi
RDSH - Henry M. Rosenstock, Keith Draxl, Bruce W. Steiner, and John T. Herron

View reactions leading to C₁₀H₈⁺ (ion structure unspecified)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
IE (evaluated)	8.144 ± 0.001	eV	N/A	N/A	L
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Proton affinity (review)	802.9	kJ/mol	N/A	Hunter and Lias, 1998	HL
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Gas basicity	779.4	kJ/mol	N/A	Hunter and Lias, 1998	HL

Electron affinity determinations

EA (eV)	Method	Reference	Comment
-0.2	LPES	Lyapustina, Xu, et al., 2000	Extrapolated from EAs of solvation series naphthalene-...(H2O)n; B
-0.18	N/A	Song, Han, et al., 2002	Extrapolated from LPES EAs of (naphthalene)n; B
-0.200 ± 0.050	LPES	Schiedt, Knott, et al., 2000	Extrapolated from EAs of (H2O)n..naphthalene-. series; B
-0.1908	ETS	Burrow, Michejda, et al., 1987	The question of whether the naphthalene radical anion is bound or not has not been settled; B
0.140 ± 0.050	ECD	Zlatkis, Lee, et al., 1983	However, see Heinis, Chowdhury, et al., 1993 for a discussion; it may not be bound.; B
<0.134 ± 0.043	ECD	Wojnarovits and Foldiak, 1981	EA is an upper limit: Chen and Wentworth, 1989. G3MP2B3 calculations indicate an EA of ca. -0.3 eV, anion unbound.; B
0.1480 ± 0.0060	ECD	Becker and Chen, 1966	B

Proton affinity at 298K

Proton affinity (kJ/mol)	Reference	Comment
800.0	Aue, Guidoni, et al., 2000	Experimental literature data re-evaluated by the authors using ab initio protonation entropies; MM

Gas basicity at 298K

Gas basicity (review) (kJ/mol)	Reference	Comment
774.5	Aue, Guidoni, et al., 2000	Experimental literature data re-evaluated by the authors using ab initio protonation entropies; MM

Ionization energy determinations

IE (eV)	Method	Reference	Comment
8.12 ± 0.02	TRPI	Gotkis, Oleinikova, et al., 1993	LL
8.1442 ± 0.0009	TE	Cockett, Ozeki, et al., 1993	LL
8.12 ± 0.01	PI	Jochims, Rasekh, et al., 1992	LL
8.14	EI	Stahl and Maquin, 1984	LBLHLM
8.141 ± 0.001	LS	Duncan, Dietz, et al., 1981	LLK
8.08 ± 0.05	EQ	Mautner(Meot-Ner), 1980	LLK
8.15	PE	Schafer, Schweig, et al., 1975	LLK
8.15	PE	Schafer, Schweig, et al., 1973	LLK
8.12	CTS	Pitt, 1973	LLK
8.15	PE	Clark, Brogli, et al., 1972	LLK
8.13	PE	Brundle, Robin, et al., 1972	LLK
8.15	PE	Brogli, Heilbronner, et al., 1972	LLK
8.16 ± 0.03	EI	Johnstone, Mellon, et al., 1970	RDSH
8.11 ± 0.01	PE	Dewar and Worley, 1969	RDSH
8.15 ± 0.01	PI	Yencha and El-Sayed, 1968	RDSH
8.133	S	Kitagawa, 1968	RDSH
8.14	PI	Kitagawa, 1968	RDSH
8.12 ± 0.05	PE	Eland and Danby, 1968	RDSH
8.136 ± 0.005	S	Angus, Christ, et al., 1968	RDSH
8.25 ± 0.01	EI	Bonnier, Gelus, et al., 1965	RDSH
8.15	CTS	Kuroda, 1964	RDSH
8.16	CTS	Briegleb, 1964	RDSH
8.08	CTS	Kinoshita, 1962	RDSH
8.1	PI	Terenin, 1961	RDSH
8.10	CTS	Birks and Stifkin, 1961	RDSH
8.12 ± 0.01	PI	Watanabe, 1957	RDSH
8.14 ± 0.02	PI	Vilesov and Terenin, 1957	RDSH
8.09	PE	Klasinc, Kovac, et al., 1983	Vertical value; LBLHLM
8.15	PE	Kaim, Tesmann, et al., 1980	Vertical value; LLK
8.15 ± 0.02	PE	Schmidt, 1977	Vertical value; LLK
8.18 ± 0.03	PE	Heilbronner, Hoshi, et al., 1976	Vertical value; LLK
8.15	PE	Clar and Schmidt, 1976	Vertical value; LLK
8.31 ± 0.03	PE	Marschner and Goetz, 1974	Vertical value; LLK
8.15	PE	Bock, Wagner, et al., 1972	Vertical value; LLK
8.15	PE	Bock and Wagner, 1972	Vertical value; LLK

Appearance energy determinations

Ion	AE (eV)	Other Products	Method	Reference	Comment
C₃H₃⁺	19.35	?	PI	Jochims, Rasekh, et al., 1993	LL
C₃H₃⁺	19.2 ± 0.1	C₃H₃+C₄H₂	PI	Jochims, Rasekh, et al., 1992	LL
C₄H₂⁺	20.7 ± 0.1	3C₂H₂	PI	Jochims, Rasekh, et al., 1992	LL
C₄H₃⁺	22.3 ± 0.1	2C₂H₂+C₂H	PI	Jochims, Rasekh, et al., 1992	LL
C₄H₄⁺	19.4 ± 0.1	C₄H₂+C₂H₂	PI	Jochims, Rasekh, et al., 1992	LL
C₄H₄⁺	19.6 ± 0.20	?	EI	VanBrunt and Wacks, 1964	RDSH
C₅H₃⁺	19.74	?	PI	Jochims, Rasekh, et al., 1993	LL
C₅H₃⁺	19.7 ± 0.1	C₂H₂+C₃H₃	PI	Jochims, Rasekh, et al., 1992	LL
C₆H₃⁺	20.77 ± 0.01	?	EI	VanBrunt and Wacks, 1964	RDSH
C₆H₄⁺	18.7 ± 0.1	2C₂H₂	PI	Jochims, Rasekh, et al., 1992	LL
C₆H₄⁺	18.2 ± 0.15	?	EI	VanBrunt and Wacks, 1964	RDSH
C₆H₅⁺	18.72	?	PI	Jochims, Rasekh, et al., 1993	LL
C₆H₅⁺	18.6 ± 0.1	C₂H₂+C₂H	PI	Jochims, Rasekh, et al., 1992	LL
C₆H₅⁺	18.45 ± 0.05	?	EI	VanBrunt and Wacks, 1964	RDSH
C₆H₆⁺	15.64	C₄H₂	PI	Jochims, Rasekh, et al., 1993	LL
C₆H₆⁺	15.7 ± 0.1	C₄H₂	PI	Jochims, Rasekh, et al., 1992	LL
C₆H₆⁺	15.20 ± 0.05	?	EI	VanBrunt and Wacks, 1964	RDSH
C₇H₃⁺	20.66 ± 0.15	C₃H₃+H₂	PI	Jochims, Rasekh, et al., 1992	LL
C₇H₅⁺	15.90	C₃H₃	PI	Jochims, Rasekh, et al., 1993	LL
C₇H₅⁺	16.1 ± 0.1	C₃H₃	PI	Jochims, Rasekh, et al., 1992	LL
C₈H₅⁺	19.00 ± 0.05	C₂H₂+H	PI	Jochims, Rasekh, et al., 1992	LL
C₈H₅⁺	18.07 ± 0.05	?	EI	VanBrunt and Wacks, 1964	RDSH
C₈H₆⁺	15.50	C₂H₂	PI	Jochims, Rasekh, et al., 1993	LL
C₈H₆⁺	12.74	C₂H₂	EVAL	Gotkis, Oleinikova, et al., 1993	T = 0K; LL
C₈H₆⁺	14.43	C₂H₂	TRPI	Gotkis, Oleinikova, et al., 1993	LL
C₈H₆⁺	15.4 ± 0.1	C₂H₂	PI	Jochims, Rasekh, et al., 1992	LL
C₈H₆⁺	15.4 ± 0.10	C₂H₂	EI	VanBrunt and Wacks, 1964	RDSH
C₁₀H₆⁺	15.60 ± 0.05	H₂	PI	Jochims, Rasekh, et al., 1992	LL
C₁₀H₆⁺	16.2 ± 0.15	H₂	EI	VanBrunt and Wacks, 1964	RDSH
C₁₀H₇⁺	15.41	H	PI	Jochims, Rasekh, et al., 1993	LL
C₁₀H₇⁺	12.37	H	EVAL	Gotkis, Oleinikova, et al., 1993	T = 0K; LL
C₁₀H₇⁺	14.24	H	TRPI	Gotkis, Oleinikova, et al., 1993	LL
C₁₀H₇⁺	15.4 ± 0.1	H	PI	Jochims, Rasekh, et al., 1992	LL
C₁₀H₇⁺	15.4 ± 0.10	H	EI	VanBrunt and Wacks, 1964	RDSH

De-protonation reactions

C₁₀H₇^- + = Naphthalene

By formula: C₁₀H₇^- + H⁺ = C₁₀H₈

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	1649. ± 5.0	kJ/mol	Bran	Reed and Kass, 2000	gas phase; B
Δ_rH°	1649. ± 5.0	kJ/mol	TDEq	Meot-ner, Liebman, et al., 1988	gas phase; anchored to 88MEO scale, not the "87 acidity scale". The Kiefer, Zhang, et al., 1997 BDE is for ortho.; B
Δ_rH°	1648. ± 21.	kJ/mol	CIDC	Lardin, Squires, et al., 2001	gas phase; B
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	1613. ± 5.4	kJ/mol	H-TS	Reed and Kass, 2000	gas phase; B
Δ_rG°	1606. ± 5.0	kJ/mol	TDEq	Meot-ner, Liebman, et al., 1988	gas phase; anchored to 88MEO scale, not the "87 acidity scale". The Kiefer, Zhang, et al., 1997 BDE is for ortho.; B
Δ_rG°	1613. ± 21.	kJ/mol	H-TS	Lardin, Squires, et al., 2001	gas phase; B

C₁₀H₇^- + = Naphthalene

By formula: C₁₀H₇^- + H⁺ = C₁₀H₈

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	1655. ± 5.4	kJ/mol	Bran	Reed and Kass, 2000	gas phase; B
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	1619. ± 5.9	kJ/mol	H-TS	Reed and Kass, 2000	gas phase; B

IR Spectrum

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), Gas Chromatography, References, Notes

Data compiled by: Coblentz Society, Inc.

Data compiled by: NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, William E. Wallace, director

Mass spectrum (electron ionization)

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Gas phase ion energetics data, IR Spectrum, Gas Chromatography, References, Notes

Data compiled by: NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, William E. Wallace, director

Spectrum

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Additional Data

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Owner	NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center Collection (C) 2014 copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the United States of America. All rights reserved.
Origin	Japan AIST/NIMC Database- Spectrum MS-NW-1434
NIST MS number	228342

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Gas Chromatography

Data compiled by: NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, William E. Wallace, director

Kovats' RI, non-polar column, isothermal

View large format table.

Column type	Active phase	Temperature (C)	I	Reference	Comment
Capillary	RTX-5	100.	1194.25	Ádámová, Orinák, et al., 2005	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, N2
Capillary	RTX-5	120.	1210.48	Ádámová, Orinák, et al., 2005	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, N2
Capillary	RTX-5	80.	1189.91	Ádámová, Orinák, et al., 2005	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, N2
Capillary	RTX-1	120.	1160.	Arey J.S., Nelson R.K., et al., 2005	6. m/0.1 mm/0.4 μm
Capillary	Methyl Silicone	150.	1180.61	Berezkin, Korolev, et al., 2002	He; Column length: 15. m; Column diameter: 0.24 mm
Capillary	SPB-1	100.	1159.62	Berezkin, Korolev, et al., 2000	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He
Capillary	DB-1	100.	1160.84	Berezkin, Korolev, et al., 2000	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He
Capillary	ZB-1	100.	1161.23	Berezkin, Korolev, et al., 2000	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He
Capillary	BP-1	100.	1160.72	Berezkin, Korolev, et al., 2000	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He
Packed	C78, Branched paraffin	130.	1214.1	Dallos, Sisak, et al., 2000	He; Column length: 3.3 m
Capillary	HP-5MS	100.	1190.	Nahir, 1999	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm
Capillary	Squalane	120.	1171.8	Gerasimenko and Nabivach, 1997	Column length: 50. m
Capillary	SE-30	100.	1162.56	Malyukova, Berezkin, et al., 1997	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He
Capillary	SE-30	100.	1167.07	Malyukova, Berezkin, et al., 1997	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, SF6
Capillary	OV-1	150.	1197.	Zhang, Chen, et al., 1997	25. m/0.2 mm/0.33 μm, N2
Capillary	OV-1	150.	1196.	Zhang, Chen, et al., 1997	25. m/0.2 mm/0.33 μm, N2
Capillary	OV-1	150.	1197.	Zhang, Chen, et al., 1997	25. m/0.2 mm/0.33 μm, N2
Capillary	OV-1	160.	1204.	Zhang, Chen, et al., 1997	25. m/0.2 mm/0.33 μm, N2
Packed	C78, Branched paraffin	130.	1213.7	Reddy, Dutoit, et al., 1992	Chromosorb G HP; Column length: 3.3 m
Capillary	HP-1	60.	1139.	Zhang, Li, et al., 1992	N2; Column length: 25. m; Column diameter: 0.20 mm
Capillary	HP-1	60.	1139.	Zhang, Li, et al., 1992	N2; Column length: 25. m; Column diameter: 0.20 mm
Capillary	HP-1	100.	1165.	Zhang, Li, et al., 1992	N2; Column length: 25. m; Column diameter: 0.20 mm
Capillary	HP-1	100.	1165.	Zhang, Li, et al., 1992	N2; Column length: 25. m; Column diameter: 0.20 mm
Capillary	OV-101	110.	1167.4	Farkas, Sojak, et al., 1989	14. m/0.325 mm/0.305 μm, H2
Capillary	Methyl Silicone	90.	1153.	Bemgård, Blomberg, et al., 1987	Column diameter: 0.32 mm; Phase thickness: 0.25 μm
Capillary	Methyl Silicone	90.	1154.	Bemgård, Blomberg, et al., 1987	Column diameter: 0.32 mm; Phase thickness: 0.25 μm
Capillary	Methyl Silicone	90.	1154.	Bemgård, Blomberg, et al., 1987	Column diameter: 0.32 mm; Phase thickness: 0.25 μm
Capillary	Methyl Silicone	90.	1154.	Bemgård, Blomberg, et al., 1987	Column diameter: 0.32 mm; Phase thickness: 0.25 μm
Capillary	Methyl Silicone	90.	1154.	Bemgård, Blomberg, et al., 1987	Column diameter: 0.32 mm; Phase thickness: 0.25 μm
Capillary	Methyl Silicone	90.	1154.	Bemgård, Blomberg, et al., 1987	Column diameter: 0.32 mm; Phase thickness: 0.25 μm
Capillary	Methyl Silicone	90.	1154.	Bemgård, Blomberg, et al., 1987	Column diameter: 0.32 mm; Phase thickness: 0.25 μm
Capillary	Methyl Silicone	90.	1154.	Bemgård, Blomberg, et al., 1987	Column diameter: 0.32 mm; Phase thickness: 0.25 μm
Capillary	Methyl Silicone	90.	1154.	Bemgård, Blomberg, et al., 1987	Column diameter: 0.32 mm; Phase thickness: 0.25 μm
Capillary	Methyl Silicone	90.	1154.	Bemgård, Blomberg, et al., 1987	Column diameter: 0.32 mm; Phase thickness: 0.25 μm
Capillary	Methyl Silicone	90.	1154.	Bemgård, Blomberg, et al., 1987	Column diameter: 0.32 mm; Phase thickness: 0.25 μm
Capillary	Methyl Silicone	90.	1155.	Bemgård, Blomberg, et al., 1987	Column diameter: 0.32 mm; Phase thickness: 0.25 μm
Capillary	Methyl Silicone	90.	1155.	Bemgård, Blomberg, et al., 1987	Column diameter: 0.32 mm; Phase thickness: 0.25 μm
Capillary	OV-101	140.	1183.	Berlizov, Berezkin, et al., 1986	N2; Column length: 15. m; Column diameter: 0.20 mm
Capillary	OV-101	140.	1184.	Berlizov, Berezkin, et al., 1986	N2; Column length: 15. m; Column diameter: 0.20 mm
Capillary	OV-101	140.	1186.	Berlizov, Berezkin, et al., 1986	N2; Column length: 15. m; Column diameter: 0.20 mm
Capillary	OV-101	140.	1186.	Berlizov, Berezkin, et al., 1986	N2; Column length: 15. m; Column diameter: 0.20 mm
Capillary	OV-101	140.	1188.	Berlizov, Berezkin, et al., 1986	N2; Column length: 15. m; Column diameter: 0.20 mm
Packed	OV-1	150.	1194.	Antal, 1984	Chromosorb W HP; Column length: 2.5 m
Packed	SE-30	180.	1219.	Oszczapowicz, Osek, et al., 1984	N2, Chromosorb W AW; Column length: 3. m
Capillary	SE-30	70.	1145.0	Tóth, 1983	N2; Column length: 15. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm
Capillary	SE-30	130.	1183.	Bredael, 1982	Column length: 100. m; Column diameter: 0.5 mm
Capillary	SE-30	150.	1197.	Bredael, 1982	Column length: 100. m; Column diameter: 0.5 mm
Capillary	SE-30	80.	1152.	Bredael, 1982	Column length: 100. m; Column diameter: 0.5 mm
Capillary	Squalane	86.	1146.	Macák, Nabivach, et al., 1982	N2; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm
Capillary	Squalane	96.	1151.8	Macák, Nabivach, et al., 1982	N2; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm
Capillary	OV-101	140.	1191.0	Gerasimenko, Kirilenko, et al., 1981	N2; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.3 mm
Capillary	Apiezon L	200.	1166.	Klemm, Shabtai, et al., 1981
Capillary	OV-1	130.	1184.	Engewald, Wennrich, et al., 1979	Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.23 mm
Capillary	Squalane	100.	1152.	Bogoslovsky, Anvaer, et al., 1978
Capillary	Squalane	110.	1161.	Bogoslovsky, Anvaer, et al., 1978
Capillary	Squalane	120.	1169.	Bogoslovsky, Anvaer, et al., 1978
Capillary	Squalane	130.	1172.	Bogoslovsky, Anvaer, et al., 1978
Capillary	Squalane	90.	1146.	Bogoslovsky, Anvaer, et al., 1978
Capillary	Squalane	92.	1152.	Bogoslovsky, Anvaer, et al., 1978
Capillary	Squalane	86.	1146.0	Nabivach, Bur'yan, et al., 1978	Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm
Capillary	Squalane	96.	1151.8	Nabivach, Bur'yan, et al., 1978	Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm
Packed	SE-30	150.	1196.	Shlyakhov, Anvaer, et al., 1975
Capillary	Squalane	100.	1152.	Mitra, Mohan, et al., 1974	H2; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.2 mm
Capillary	SE-30	65.	1139.4	Svob, Deur-Siftar, et al., 1974	He; Column length: 25.5 m; Column diameter: 0.5 mm
Capillary	SE-30	65.	1142.1	Svob, Deur-Siftar, et al., 1974	He; Column length: 25.5 m; Column diameter: 0.5 mm
Capillary	Squalane	120.	1169.	Schomburg, 1966
Packed	Methyl Silicone	130.	1192.	Antheaume and Guiochon, 1965

Kovats' RI, non-polar column, temperature ramp

View large format table.

Column type	Active phase	I	Reference	Comment
Capillary	DB-5	1179.	Adams, González Elizondo, et al., 2006	30. m/0.26 mm/0.25 μm, He, 3. K/min; T_start: 60. C; T_end: 246. C
Capillary	DB-5	1181.	Adams, Morris, et al., 2005	30. m/0.26 mm/0.25 μm, He, 3. K/min; T_start: 60. C; T_end: 246. C
Capillary	DB-5	1209.	Buchin, Salmon, et al., 2002	60. m/0.32 mm/1. μm, He, 40. C @ 5. min, 3. K/min, 230. C @ 2. min
Capillary	SE-54	1179.	Adams, 2000	30. m/0.26 mm/0.25 μm, He, 3. K/min; T_start: 60. C; T_end: 246. C
Capillary	DB-5	1179.	Adams, 2000, 2	30. m/0.26 mm/0.25 μm, He, 3. K/min; T_start: 60. C; T_end: 240. C
Capillary	SE-54	1179.	Adams, 2000, 3	30. m/0.26 mm/0.25 μm, 3. K/min; T_start: 60. C; T_end: 246. C
Capillary	HP-5MS	1178.	Roussis, Tsoukatou, et al., 2000	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 3. K/min; T_start: 60. C; T_end: 280. C
Capillary	DB-5	1185.	Tzakou, Harvala, et al., 2000	50. C @ 5. min, 3. K/min; Column length: 30. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; T_end: 250. C
Capillary	Methyl Silicone	1158.	Adegoke, Rao, et al., 1998	30. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, He, 60. C @ 2. min, 2. K/min, 250. C @ 5. min
Capillary	OV-101	1156.	Hayes and Pitzer, 1982	110. m/0.25 mm/0.20 μm, He, 1. K/min; T_start: 35. C; T_end: 200. C
Capillary	SE-30	1159.	Greenberg, 1981	He, 40. C @ 3. min, 3. K/min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.5 mm; T_end: 170. C
Capillary	SE-30	1160.	Greenberg, 1981	He, 40. C @ 3. min, 3. K/min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.5 mm; T_end: 170. C
Capillary	SE-30	1174.	Greenberg, 1981, 2	He, 70. C @ 2. min, 5. K/min, 170. C @ 5. min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.5 mm
Capillary	SE-30	1175.	Greenberg, 1981, 2	He, 70. C @ 2. min, 5. K/min, 170. C @ 5. min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.5 mm
Capillary	OV-101	1170.	Yamaguchi and Shibamoto, 1981	N2, 2. K/min; Column length: 70. m; Column diameter: 0.28 mm; T_start: 80. C; T_end: 200. C
Capillary	OV-101	1172.	Yamaguchi and Shibamoto, 1981	N2, 2. K/min; Column length: 70. m; Column diameter: 0.28 mm; T_start: 80. C; T_end: 200. C
Capillary	Apiezon L	1225.	Louis, 1971	N2, 1. K/min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; T_start: 60. C

Kovats' RI, non-polar column, custom temperature program

View large format table.

Column type	Active phase	I	Reference	Comment
Capillary	HP-1	1151.	Wongpornchai, Sriseadka, et al., 2003	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 35C => 2C/min => 100C => 5C/min => 230C(2min)
Capillary	DB-5	1179.	Adams, 1998	30. m/0.26 mm/0.25 μm; Program: not specified
Capillary	Petrocol DH-100	1168.	Haagen-Smit Laboratory, 1997	He; Column length: 100. m; Column diameter: 0.2 mm; Program: 5C(10min) => 5C/min => 50C(48min) => 1.5C/min => 195C(91min)
Capillary	DB-1	1172.	Hoekman, 1993	60. m/0.32 mm/1.0 μm, He; Program: -40 C for 12 min; -40 - 125 C at 3 deg.min; 125-185 C at 6 deg/min; 185 - 220 C at 20 deg/min; hold 220 C for 2 min
Packed	SE-30	1186.	Ramsey, Lee, et al., 1980	He, Chromosorb G HP (80-100 mesh); Column length: 1.5 m; Program: not specified

Kovats' RI, polar column, temperature ramp

View large format table.

Column type	Active phase	I	Reference	Comment
Capillary	DB-Wax	1707.	Nagarajan, Rao, et al., 2001	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 60. C @ 5. min, 2. K/min, 220. C @ 5. min
Capillary	Supelcowax-10	1762.	Wong and Tie, 1993	He, 35. C @ 5. min, 3. K/min, 200. C @ 20. min; Column length: 60. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm
Capillary	Carbowax 20M	1709.	Tressl, Friese, et al., 1978	He, 2. K/min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.28 mm; T_start: 70. C; T_end: 190. C

Van Den Dool and Kratz RI, non-polar column, temperature ramp

View large format table.

Column type	Active phase	I	Reference	Comment
Capillary	SPB-5	1208.	Engel and Ratel, 2007	60. m/0.32 mm/1. μm, 40. C @ 2. min, 3. K/min, 230. C @ 10. min
Capillary	HP-5MS	1190.9	Zeng, Zhao, et al., 2007	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 4. K/min; T_start: 80. C; T_end: 300. C
Capillary	HP-5MS	1196.	Saroglou, Dorizas, et al., 2006	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 60. C @ 5. min, 4. K/min; T_end: 280. C
Capillary	RTX-5	1199.2	Ádámová, Orinák, et al., 2005	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, N2, 40. C @ 2. min, 5. K/min, 300. C @ 10. min
Capillary	CP-Sil 8CB-MS	1199.	Elmore, Cooper, et al., 2005	0. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 40. C @ 2. min, 4. K/min, 280. C @ 5. min
Capillary	DB-5	1177.	Senatore, Napolitano, et al., 2005	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 40. C @ 5. min, 2. K/min, 260. C @ 20. min
Capillary	PONA	1170.	Vendeuvre, Bertoncini, et al., 2005	50. m/0.2 mm/0.5 μm, 2. K/min; T_start: 50. C
Capillary	HP-5	1182.	Flach A., Dondon R.C., et al., 2004	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 4. K/min; T_start: 50. C; T_end: 290. C
Capillary	ZB-5	1193.	Gocmen, Gurbuz, et al., 2004	0. m/0.32 mm/0.5 μm, 7. K/min, 265. C @ 5. min; T_start: 40. C
Capillary	HP-5	1180.	Javidnia, Miri, et al., 2004	He, 3. K/min; Column length: 30. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; T_start: 60. C; T_end: 260. C
Capillary	HP-5MS	1160.	Tzakou, Vagias, et al., 2004	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 3. K/min; T_start: 60. C; T_end: 280. C
Capillary	Petrocol DH	1172.4	Censullo, Jones, et al., 2003	50. m/0.25 mm/0.5 μm, He, 35. C @ 10. min, 3. K/min, 200. C @ 10. min
Capillary	DB-5	1181.	Flamini, Luigi Cioni, et al., 2003	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 3. K/min; T_start: 60. C; T_end: 240. C
Capillary	HP-5	1182.	Flamini, Luigi Cioni, et al., 2003, 2	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, N2, 60. C @ 10. min, 5. K/min; T_end: 220. C
Capillary	DB-5	1171.5	Song, Lai, et al., 2003	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 2. K/min; T_start: 40. C; T_end: 310. C
Capillary	DB-5	1179.7	Song, Lai, et al., 2003	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 4. K/min; T_start: 40. C; T_end: 310. C
Capillary	DB-5	1183.4	Song, Lai, et al., 2003	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 6. K/min; T_start: 40. C; T_end: 310. C
Capillary	DB-1	1146.0	Sun and Stremple, 2003	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 3. K/min; T_start: 40. C; T_end: 325. C
Capillary	DB-5	1203.2	Xu, van Stee, et al., 2003	30. m/0.25 mm/1. μm, He, 2.5 K/min; T_start: 50. C; T_end: 200. C
Capillary	HP-5MS	1183.	Afsharypuor and Suleimany, 2002	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 4. K/min; T_start: 60. C; T_end: 275. C
Capillary	BPX-5	1218.	Bredie, Mottram, et al., 2002	50. m/0.32 mm/0.5 μm, 60. C @ 5. min, 4. K/min, 250. C @ 20. min
Capillary	HP-5MS	1182.	Couladis, Chinou, et al., 2002	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 3. K/min; T_start: 60. C; T_end: 300. C
Capillary	DB-5	1174.	Dallüge, van Stee, et al., 2002	30. m/0.25 mm/1. μm, He, 2.5 K/min; T_start: 50. C; T_end: 200. C
Capillary	HP-5	1180.	Flamini, Cioni, et al., 2002	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, N2, 60. C @ 10. min, 5. K/min; T_end: 220. C
Capillary	HP-5	1179.	Fokialakis, Magiatis, et al., 2002	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, 60. C @ 5. min, 3. K/min; T_end: 280. C
Capillary	CP Sil 8 CB	1195.	Oruna-Concha, Ames, et al., 2002	60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 40. C @ 8. min, 4. K/min, 250. C @ 10. min
Capillary	HP-5	1179.	Aligiannis, Kalpoutzakis, et al., 2001	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 60. C @ 5. min, 3. K/min; T_end: 280. C
Capillary	HP-5	1179.	Couladis, Baziou, et al., 2001	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 3. K/min, 260. C @ 10. min; T_start: 60. C
Capillary	HP-5	1176.	Couladis, Tsortanidou, et al., 2001	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 3. K/min; T_start: 60. C; T_end: 380. C
Capillary	SPB-Sulfur	1177.3	de Lacy Costello, Evans, et al., 2001	30. m/0.32 mm/4. μm, 40. C @ 12.5 min, 4. K/min; T_end: 200. C
Capillary	DB-5	1191.	Moio, Piombino, et al., 2000	30. m/0.32 mm/1. μm, H2, 3. K/min; T_start: 40. C; T_end: 210. C
Capillary	DB-5	1192.	Moio, Piombino, et al., 2000	30. m/0.32 mm/1. μm, H2, 3. K/min; T_start: 40. C; T_end: 210. C
Capillary	HP-5MS	1191.	Nahir, 1999	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, 10. K/min; T_start: 50. C; T_end: 300. C
Capillary	OV-1	1162.	Valero, Sanz, et al., 1999	20. m/0.32 mm/0.3 μm, He, 45. C @ 5. min, 10. K/min, 220. C @ 10. min
Capillary	OV-1	1165.	Valero, Sanz, et al., 1999	20. m/0.32 mm/0.3 μm, He, 45. C @ 5. min, 10. K/min, 220. C @ 10. min
Capillary	SE-54	1189.	Li, Wang, et al., 1998	H2, 35. C @ 3. min, 4. K/min; Column length: 25. m; Column diameter: 0.31 mm; T_end: 250. C
Capillary	SE-54	1191.	Li, Wang, et al., 1998	H2, 35. C @ 3. min, 4. K/min; Column length: 25. m; Column diameter: 0.31 mm; T_end: 250. C
Capillary	DB-5	1185.	Madruga and Mottram, 1998	30. m/0.32 mm/1. μm, 60. C @ 5. min, 4. K/min, 250. C @ 20. min
Capillary	Methyl Silicone	1163.	Analytical Methods Committee, 1997	4. K/min; T_start: 50. C; T_end: 250. C
Capillary	DB-1	1148.	Johnson, Urso, et al., 1997	30. m/0.2 mm/0.25 μm, 50. C @ 2. min, 5. K/min, 300. C @ 5. min
Capillary	OV-1	1161.6	Gautzsch and Zinn, 1996	8. K/min; T_start: 35. C; T_end: 300. C
Capillary	DB-5	1191.	Moio L., Rillo L., et al., 1996	30. m/0.32 mm/1. μm, H2, 3. K/min; T_start: 40. C; T_end: 220. C
Capillary	DB-5	1192.	Moio L., Rillo L., et al., 1996	30. m/0.32 mm/1. μm, H2, 3. K/min; T_start: 40. C; T_end: 220. C
Capillary	DB-5	1171.5	Lai and Song, 1995	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 2. K/min; T_start: 40. C; T_end: 310. C
Capillary	DB-5	1179.7	Lai and Song, 1995	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 4. K/min; T_start: 40. C; T_end: 310. C
Capillary	DB-5	1183.4	Lai and Song, 1995	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 6. K/min; T_start: 40. C; T_end: 310. C
Capillary	DB-1	1141.	Stashenko, Villa, et al., 1995	60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, H2, 50. C @ 5. min, 2.5 K/min; T_end: 250. C
Capillary	HP-101	1197.	Chung, Eiserich, et al., 1993	N2, 3. K/min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; T_start: 70. C; T_end: 200. C
Capillary	DB-5	1186.	Gómez, Ledbetter, et al., 1993	He, 4. K/min; Column length: 30. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; T_start: 50. C; T_end: 250. C
Capillary	HP-1	1169.	Kuo and Ho, 1992	50. m/0.32 mm/1.05 μm, He, 2. K/min; T_start: 40. C; T_end: 260. C
Capillary	Petrocol DH	1158.51	White, Douglas, et al., 1992	100. m/0.25 mm/0.5 μm, He, 1. K/min; T_start: 30. C; T_end: 220. C
Capillary	Petrocol DH	1160.26	White, Douglas, et al., 1992	100. m/0.25 mm/0.5 μm, He, 1. K/min; T_start: 30. C; T_end: 220. C
Capillary	Petrocol DH	1158.	White, Hackett, et al., 1992	100. m/0.25 mm/0.5 μm, He, 1. K/min; T_start: 30. C; T_end: 220. C
Capillary	DB-5	1194.	Guichard and Souty, 1988	H2, 30. C @ 5. min, 1.5 K/min; Column length: 0.32 m; Column diameter: 1. mm; T_end: 180. C
Capillary	SPB-1	1156.	Huang, Bruechert, et al., 1987	60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 35. C @ 10. min, 2. K/min, 235. C @ 40. min
Capillary	SPB-1	1156.	Huang, Bruechert, et al., 1987	60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 35. C @ 10. min, 2. K/min, 235. C @ 40. min
Capillary	DB-5	1187.	Rostad and Pereira, 1986	30. m/0.26 mm/0.25 μm, He, 50. C @ 4. min, 6. K/min, 300. C @ 20. min
Capillary	SE-54	1165.	Weber, 1986	25. m/0.31 mm/0.17 μm, H2, 2. K/min; T_start: 35. C
Capillary	SE-54	1180.	Weber, 1986	25. m/0.31 mm/0.17 μm, H2, 2. K/min; T_start: 35. C
Capillary	OV-1	1144.	Wu and Liou, 1986	H2, 2. K/min, 200. C @ 55. min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.2 mm; T_start: 50. C
Capillary	Ultra-1	1146.97	Haynes and Pitzer, 1985	50. m/0.22 mm/0.33 μm, He, 1. K/min; T_start: -30. C; T_end: 240. C
Capillary	Ultra-1	1155.82	Haynes and Pitzer, 1985	50. m/0.22 mm/0.33 μm, He, 2. K/min; T_start: -30. C; T_end: 240. C
Capillary	Ultra-1	1161.44	Haynes and Pitzer, 1985	50. m/0.22 mm/0.33 μm, He, 3. K/min; T_start: -30. C; T_end: 240. C
Capillary	Ultra-2	1178.80	Haynes and Pitzer, 1985	50. m/0.22 mm/0.33 μm, He, 1. K/min; T_start: -30. C; T_end: 240. C
Capillary	Ultra-2	1188.47	Haynes and Pitzer, 1985	50. m/0.22 mm/0.33 μm, He, 2. K/min; T_start: -30. C; T_end: 240. C
Capillary	Ultra-2	1194.63	Haynes and Pitzer, 1985	50. m/0.22 mm/0.33 μm, He, 3. K/min; T_start: -30. C; T_end: 240. C
Capillary	SE-30	1189.	Korhonen and Lind, 1985	N2, 10. K/min; Column length: 25. m; Column diameter: 0.33 mm; T_start: 100. C; T_end: 320. C
Capillary	SE-30	1199.	Korhonen and Lind, 1985	N2, 6. K/min; Column length: 25. m; Column diameter: 0.33 mm; T_start: 140. C; T_end: 320. C
Capillary	OV-1	1155.1	Knoppel, de Bortoli, et al., 1983	35. C @ 5. min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.2 mm; T_end: 280. C
Capillary	OV-1	1156.84	Knoppel, de Bortoli, et al., 1983	35. C @ 5. min; Column length: 25. m; Column diameter: 0.31 mm; T_end: 280. C
Capillary	OV-1	1157.	Knoppel, de Bortoli, et al., 1982	24. m/0.3 mm/1.1 μm, 35. C @ 5. min, 4. K/min; T_end: 250. C
Capillary	OV-1	1157.1	Knoppel, de Bortoli, et al., 1982	30. m/0.3 mm/1.1 μm, 35. C @ 5. min, 4. K/min; T_end: 250. C
Capillary	OV-101	1156.	Hayes and Pitzer, 1981	108. m/0.25 mm/0.2 μm, 1. K/min; T_start: 35. C; T_end: 200. C
Capillary	SE-52	1172.	Beernaert, 1979	He, 50. C @ 5. min, 6. K/min; Column length: 33.3 m; Column diameter: 0.50 mm; T_end: 320. C
Capillary	SE-52	1168.74	Lee, Vassilaros, et al., 1979	12. m/0.3 mm/0.34 μm, He, 2. K/min; T_start: 50. C; T_end: 250. C
Capillary	SE-52	1166.21	Lee, Vassilaros, et al., 1979	12. m/0.28 mm/0.17 μm, He, 2. K/min; T_start: 50. C; T_end: 250. C
Packed	OV-101	1162.	Nixon, Wong, et al., 1979	Gas-Chrom Q, 2. K/min; Column length: 2.5 m; T_start: 50. C; T_end: 220. C
Capillary	SE-52	1150.	Carugno and Rossi, 1967	N2, 1.8 K/min; Column length: 65. m; Column diameter: 0.3 mm; T_start: 100. C; T_end: 300. C
Capillary	SE-52	1173.	Cantuti, Cartoni, et al., 1965	N2, 2.5 K/min; Column length: 50. m; T_start: 100. C; T_end: 300. C

Van Den Dool and Kratz RI, non-polar column, custom temperature program

View large format table.

Column type	Active phase	I	Reference	Comment
Capillary	DB-5MS	1211.	Varlet V., Knockaert C., et al., 2006	30. m/0.32 mm/0.5 μm, He; Program: 70C(1min) => 3C/min => 80C(1min) => 5C/min => 150C => 10C/min => 280C (4min)
Capillary	HP-1	1159.35	Dimitriou-Christidis, Harris, et al., 2003	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm; Program: 60C => 7C/min => 225C => 15C/min => 300C(11.43min)
Capillary	HP-5	1184.04	Dimitriou-Christidis, Harris, et al., 2003	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm; Program: 60C => 7C/min => 225C => 15C/min => 300C(11.43min)
Capillary	HP-5	1179.6	Sandercock and du Pasquier, 2003	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 40C(3min) => 4C/min => 208C => 25C/min => 290C(5min)
Capillary	CP Sil 8 CB	1199.	Oruna-Concha, Bakker, et al., 2002	60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 0C => rapidly => 40C(8min) => 4C/min => 250C(10min)
Capillary	CP Sil 8 CB	1207.	Duckham, Dodson, et al., 2001	60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm; Program: 0C => rapidly => 40C(8min) => 4C/min => 250C(10min)
Capillary	DB-5	1183.	Munk, Munch, et al., 2000	30. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm; Program: 40C(2min) => 40C/min => 50C (1min) => 6C/min => 180C => 10C/min => 240C (5min)
Capillary	DB-5	1184.	Munk, Munch, et al., 2000	30. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm; Program: 40C(2min) => 40C/min => 50C (1min) => 6C/min => 180C => 10C/min => 240C (5min)
Capillary	Methyl Silicone	1165.73	Hassoun, Pilling, et al., 1999	50. m/0.25 mm/1. μm, He; Program: -50C(2min) => 49.9C/min => 35C(10min) => 3C/min => 200C(2min) => 40C/min => 240C(30min)
Capillary	OV-101	1151.	Yasuhara, Shiraishi, et al., 1997	15. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 50C(2min) => (20C/min) => 120C => (7C/min) => 310C(10min)
Capillary	5 % Phenyl methyl siloxane	1177.	Yasuhara, Shiraishi, et al., 1997	25. m/0.31 mm/0.52 μm, He; Program: 50C(2min) => (20C/min) => 120C => (7C/min) => 310C(10min)
Capillary	Methyl Silicone	1159.	Oda, Ichikawa, et al., 1996	Program: 50C (2min) => 20C/min => 160C => 5C/min => 210C => 10C/min => 300C
Packed	SE-30	1185.	Peng, Ding, et al., 1988	Supelcoport; Chromosorb; Column length: 3.05 m; Program: 40C(5min) => 10C/min => 200C or 250C (60min)

Van Den Dool and Kratz RI, polar column, temperature ramp

View large format table.

Column type	Active phase	I	Reference	Comment
Capillary	DB-Wax	1791.	Gurbuz O., Rouseff J.M., et al., 2006	60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 7. K/min, 265. C @ 5. min; T_start: 40. C
Capillary	CP-Wax 52CB	1743.	Alasalvar, Taylor, et al., 2005	60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, 35. C @ 4. min, 3. K/min; T_end: 203. C
Capillary	Supelcowax-10	1731.	Chung, Fung, et al., 2005	60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, 35. C @ 5. min, 6. K/min, 195. C @ 60. min
Capillary	Stabilwax	1749.	Cros, Lignot, et al., 2005	60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 40. C @ 5. min, 3. K/min, 240. C @ 10. min
Capillary	Supelcowax-10	1765.	Elmore, Nisyrios, et al., 2005	60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 40. C @ 2. min, 4. K/min; T_end: 280. C
Capillary	Supelcowax-10	1719.	Riu-Aumatell, Lopez-Tamames, et al., 2005	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 60. C @ 5. min, 3. K/min, 240. C @ 10. min
Capillary	Stabilwax	1749.	Cros, Vandanjon, et al., 2003	60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 40. C @ 5. min, 3. K/min, 240. C @ 10. min
Capillary	Supelcowax-10	1747.	Chung, Yung, et al., 2002	60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 35. C @ 5. min, 2. K/min, 195. C @ 90. min
Capillary	Supelcowax-10	1747.	Chung, Yung, et al., 2001	60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 35. C @ 5. min, 2. K/min, 195. C @ 90. min
Capillary	CP-Wax 52CB	1715.	Liu, Yang, et al., 2001	H2, 2. K/min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; T_start: 50. C; T_end: 200. C
Capillary	Supelcowax-10	1748.	Chung, 2000	60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 2. K/min, 195. C @ 90. min; T_start: 35. C
Capillary	DB-Wax	1764.	le Guen, Prost, et al., 2000	60. m/0.32 mm/0.5 μm, He, 40. C @ 5. min, 3. K/min, 250. C @ 10. min
Capillary	DB-Wax	1763.	Le Guen, Prost, et al., 2000	60. m/0.32 mm/0.5 μm, He, 40. C @ 2. min, 4. K/min, 250. C @ 10. min
Capillary	Supelcowax-10	1748.	Chung, 1999	60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 35. C @ 5. min, 2. K/min, 195. C @ 90. min
Capillary	Supelcowax-10	1748.	Chung, 1999, 2	60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 35. C @ 5. min, 2. K/min, 195. C @ 90. min
Capillary	DB-Wax	1740.	Shiratsuchi, Shimoda, et al., 1994	60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 2. K/min, 230. C @ 60. min; T_start: 50. C
Capillary	DB-Wax	1751.	Sumitani, Suekane, et al., 1994	He, 40. C @ 5. min, 3. K/min; Column length: 60. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; T_end: 200. C
Capillary	Supelcowax-10	1749.	Chung and Cadwallader, 1993	60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 40. C @ 5. min, 2. K/min, 195. C @ 40. min
Capillary	HP-20M	1718.	Chung, Eiserich, et al., 1993	He, 3. K/min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; T_start: 60. C; T_end: 190. C
Capillary	Supelcowax-10	1762.	Matiella and Hsieh, 1990	60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, 40. C @ 5. min, 2. K/min, 175. C @ 20. min
Capillary	CP-WAX 57CB	1727.	Salter L.J., Mottram D.S., et al., 1988	60. C @ 5. min, 4. K/min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; T_end: 200. C
Capillary	Supelcowax-10	1748.	Vejaphan, Hsieh, et al., 1988	60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, 40. C @ 5. min, 2. K/min, 175. C @ 20. min
Capillary	Supelcowax-10	1754.	Vejaphan, Hsieh, et al., 1988	60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, 40. C @ 5. min, 2. K/min, 175. C @ 20. min
Capillary	Carbowax 20M	1707.	Wu and Liou, 1986	H2, 2. K/min, 200. C @ 55. min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.2 mm; T_start: 50. C

Van Den Dool and Kratz RI, polar column, custom temperature program

View large format table.

Column type	Active phase	I	Reference	Comment
Capillary	CP-Wax 52CB	1749.	Romeo, Ziino, et al., 2007	60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 45C(5min) => 10C/min => 80C => 2C/min => 240C
Capillary	DB-Wax	1792.	Hallier, Prost, et al., 2005	30. m/0.32 mm/0.5 μm, He; Program: 40C(5min) => 10C/min => 160C => 15C/min => 230C
Capillary	DB-FFAP	1706.	Munk, Munch, et al., 2000	30. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm; Program: 40C(2min) => 40C/min => 60C (2min) => 6C/min => 180C => 10C/min => 240C (5min)
Capillary	DB-FFAP	1703.	Munk, Munch, et al., 2000	30. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm; Program: 40C(2min) => 40C/min => 60C (2min) => 6C/min => 180C => 10C/min => 240C (5min)
Capillary	CP-Wax 52CB	1730.	Madruga and Mottram, 1998	50. m/0.32 mm/0.21 μm; Program: 0C(5min) => fast => 60C(5min) => 4C/min => 220C(20min)
Capillary	Carbowax 20M	1750.	Whitfield, Shea, et al., 1981	Column length: 150. m; Column diameter: 0.75 mm; Program: not specified

Normal alkane RI, non-polar column, isothermal

View large format table.

Column type	Active phase	Temperature (C)	I	Reference	Comment
Capillary	SE-30	120.	1176.	Berezkin, Korolev, et al., 1998	75. m/0.14 mm/0.30 μm, He
Capillary	OV-101	120.	1191.	Nabivach and Gerasimenko, 1996
Capillary	Polidimethyl siloxane	130.	1182.	Nabivach and Gerasimenko, 1996
Capillary	Polidimethyl siloxane	130.	1184.	Nabivach and Gerasimenko, 1996
Capillary	Polidimethyl siloxane	130.	1184.	Nabivach and Gerasimenko, 1996
Capillary	Squalane	120.	1166.	Nabivach and Gerasimenko, 1996
Capillary	Squalane	120.	1172.	Nabivach and Gerasimenko, 1996
Capillary	Squalane	120.	1173.	Nabivach and Gerasimenko, 1996
Capillary	Squalane	100.	1146.	Berezkin, 1993
Capillary	Squalane	100.	1152.	Berezkin, 1993
Capillary	Squalane	110.	1161.	Papazova and Pankova, 1975	N2; Column length: 100. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm
Capillary	Squalane	130.	1173.	Papazova and Pankova, 1975	N2; Column length: 100. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm
Packed	OV-1	95.	1164.	Nicoud, Balavoine, et al., 1972	Nitrogen, Gas-Chrom Q
Packed	OV-1	95.	1164.	Nicoud, Moradpour, et al., 1972	Nitrogen, Gas-Chrom Q (60-80 mesh); Column length: 4. m
Packed	Polydimethyl siloxane	147.	1194.	Ferrand, 1962

Normal alkane RI, non-polar column, temperature ramp

View large format table.

Column type	Active phase	I	Reference	Comment
Capillary	Polydimethyl siloxane: CP-Sil 5 CB	1173.	Bramston-Cook, 2013	60. m/0.25 mm/1.0 μm, Helium, 45. C @ 1.45 min, 3.6 K/min, 210. C @ 2.72 min
Capillary	HP-5 MS	1176.	Kotowska, Zalikowski, et al., 2012	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium, 35. C @ 5. min, 3. K/min, 300. C @ 15. min
Capillary	Petrocol DH	1181.	Supelco, 2012	100. m/0.25 mm/0.50 μm, Helium, 20. C @ 15. min, 15. K/min, 220. C @ 30. min
Capillary	VF-5 MS	1186.	Leffingwell and Alford, 2011	60. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, Helium, 2. K/min, 260. C @ 28. min; T_start: 30. C
Capillary	VF-5 MS	1188.	Leffingwell and Alford, 2011	60. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, Helium, 2. K/min, 260. C @ 28. min; T_start: 30. C
Capillary	HP-5 MS	1187.	Lazarevic, Radulovic, et al., 2010	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium, 5. K/min; T_start: 70. C; T_end: 290. C
Capillary	HP-5 MS	1181.	Ogunwande, Flamini, et al., 2010	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium, 60. C @ 10. min, 5. K/min; T_end: 220. C
Capillary	HP-5 MS	1190.	Radulovic, Blagojevic, et al., 2010	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium, 5. K/min, 290. C @ 10. min; T_start: 70. C
Capillary	HP-5	1191.	Radulovic, Dordevic, et al., 2010	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Hydrogen, 5. K/min; T_start: 70. C; T_end: 290. C
Capillary	HP-5 MS	1174.	Kim and Chung, 2009	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium, 35. C @ 5. min, 2. K/min, 195. C @ 30. min
Capillary	PONA	1178.	Zhang, Ding, et al., 2009	50. m/0.20 mm/0.50 μm, Nitrogen, 35. C @ 15. min, 2. K/min, 200. C @ 10. min
Capillary	HP-5 MS	1179.	Baziou, Couladis, et al., 2008	3. K/min; Column length: 30. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; T_start: 60. C; T_end: 280. C
Capillary	DB-5 MS	1178.	Noudogbessi, Yedomonhan, et al., 2008	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium, 50. C @ 5. min, 5. K/min, 300. C @ 5. min
Capillary	OV-1	1168.	Asif and Fazeelat, 2006	Nitrogen, 4. K/min; Column length: 30. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; T_start: 60. C; T_end: 290. C
Capillary	Ultra-2	1196.	Schlumpberger B.O., Clery R.A., et al., 2006	50. m/0.25 mm/0.32 μm, He, 2. K/min; T_start: 50. C; T_end: 270. C
Capillary	DB-1	1153.	Lee, Lee, et al., 2005	60. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, He, 35. C @ 4. min, 2. K/min, 230. C @ 25. min
Capillary	DB-1	1157.	Lee, Lee, et al., 2005	60. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, He, 35. C @ 4. min, 2. K/min, 230. C @ 25. min
Capillary	HP-5	1182.6	Leffingwell and Alford, 2005	60. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, He, 30. C @ 2. min, 2. K/min, 260. C @ 28. min
Capillary	DB-5	1180.	Senatore, Apostolides Arnold, et al., 2005	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 40. C @ 5. min, 2. K/min, 260. C @ 20. min
Capillary	HP-5	1160.	N/A	30. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, Helium, 40. C @ 2. min, 5. K/min, 250. C @ 5. min
Capillary	5 % Phenyl methyl siloxane	1186.	Ramírez, Estévez, et al., 2004	0. m/0.25 mm/1. μm, He, 40. C @ 10. min, 7. K/min, 250. C @ 5. min
Capillary	SPB-5	1208.	Sebastian, Viallon-Fernandez, et al., 2003	60. m/0.32 mm/1.0 μm, Helium, 3. K/min; T_start: 30. C; T_end: 230. C
Capillary	DB-5	1182.	Flamini, Ertugrul, et al., 2002	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 3. K/min; T_start: 60. C; T_end: 240. C
Capillary	HP-5	1177.	Ghannadi, Sajjadi, et al., 2002	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 4. K/min; T_start: 60. C; T_end: 275. C
Capillary	DB-5MS	1181.	Zoghbi, Andrade, et al., 2002	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 3. K/min; T_start: 60. C; T_end: 270. C
Capillary	DB-5	1178.	Zoghbi, Andrade, et al., 2002, 2	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 3. K/min; T_start: 60. C; T_end: 240. C
Capillary	Optima-1	1165.	de Beck, Bessière, et al., 2000	25. m/0.20 mm/0.25 μm, He, 50. C @ 3. min, 3. K/min; T_end: 250. C
Capillary	HP-5	1175.	Bicalho, Pereira, et al., 2000	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, H2, 40. C @ 10. min, 3. K/min, 280. C @ 10. min
Capillary	OV-1	1150.	Dumitrescu, Buda, et al., 2000	H2, 5. K/min; Phase thickness: 0.25 μm; T_start: 80. C; T_end: 275. C
Capillary	OV-1	1159.	Dumitrescu, Buda, et al., 2000	H2, 4. K/min; Phase thickness: 0.25 μm; T_start: 100. C; T_end: 275. C
Capillary	C103H208	1192.	Dumitrescu, Buda, et al., 2000	H2, 5. K/min; Phase thickness: 0.25 μm; T_start: 80. C; T_end: 275. C
Capillary	C103H208	1200.	Dumitrescu, Buda, et al., 2000	H2, 4. K/min; Phase thickness: 0.25 μm; T_start: 100. C; T_end: 275. C
Capillary	BP-1	1196.	Health Safety Executive, 2000	50. m/0.22 mm/0.75 μm, He, 5. K/min; T_start: 50. C; T_end: 200. C
Capillary	HP-5	1183.	Miao and Wu, 1999	30. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, 50. C @ 2. min, 5. K/min; T_end: 310. C
Capillary	HP-5	1183.	Miao and Wu, 1999	30. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, 50. C @ 2. min, 5. K/min; T_end: 310. C
Capillary	HP-5	1184.	Miao and Wu, 1999	30. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, 50. C @ 2. min, 5. K/min; T_end: 310. C
Capillary	HP-5	1184.	Miao and Wu, 1999	30. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, 50. C @ 2. min, 5. K/min; T_end: 310. C
Capillary	HP-5	1184.	Miao and Wu, 1999	30. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, 50. C @ 2. min, 5. K/min; T_end: 310. C
Capillary	HP-5	1184.	Miao and Wu, 1999	30. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, 50. C @ 2. min, 5. K/min; T_end: 310. C
Capillary	HP-5	1186.	Miao and Wu, 1999	30. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, 50. C @ 2. min, 5. K/min; T_end: 310. C
Capillary	HP-5	1187.	Miao and Wu, 1999	30. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, 50. C @ 2. min, 5. K/min; T_end: 310. C
Capillary	OV-1	1158.	Orav, Kailas, et al., 1999	2. K/min; T_start: 50. C; T_end: 160. C
Capillary	HP-5	1177.	Boylston and Viniyard, 1998	50. m/0.32 mm/0.52 μm, 35. C @ 15. min, 2. K/min, 250. C @ 45. min
Capillary	DB-5	1177.	El-Sakhawy, El-Tantawy, et al., 1998	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 3. K/min; T_start: 60. C; T_end: 240. C
Capillary	HP-1	1159.	Quiroz A. and Niemeyer H.M., 1998	35. C @ 5. min, 5. K/min; Column length: 25. m; Column diameter: 0.2 mm; T_end: 200. C
Capillary	Ultra-1	1164.	Elizalde-González, Hutfliess, et al., 1996	50. m/0.2 mm/0.33 μm, H2, 3. K/min, 300. C @ 35. min; T_start: 60. C
Capillary	SPB-1	1156.	Wong and Lai, 1996	50. m/0.2 mm/0.33 μm, He, 40. C @ 3. min, 3. K/min, 200. C @ 30. min
Capillary	PB-1	1164.	Andersson and Weis, 1994	50. m/0.32 mm/0.2 μm, H2, 80. C @ 2. min, 4. K/min, 270. C @ 5. min
Capillary	DB-5	1164.	Andersson and Weis, 1994	30. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, H2, 80. C @ 2. min, 4. K/min, 270. C @ 5. min
Capillary	DB-5 MS	1186.	Gomez and Ledbetter, 1994	Helium, 4. K/min; Column length: 30. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; T_start: 50. C; T_end: 250. C
Capillary	DB-5	1187.87	Kim, Kim, et al., 1993	30. m/0.25 mm/0.241 μm, 60. C @ 2. min, 4. K/min; T_end: 160. C
Capillary	DB-5	1191.	Moio, Dekimpe, et al., 1993	30. m/0.32 mm/1. μm, H2, 3. K/min; T_start: 40. C; T_end: 220. C
Capillary	DB-5	1192.	Moio, Dekimpe, et al., 1993	30. m/0.32 mm/1. μm, H2, 3. K/min; T_start: 40. C; T_end: 220. C
Capillary	DB-1	1180.	Ciccioli, Cecinato, et al., 1992	60. m/0.32 mm/1.2 μm, He, 30. C @ 10. min, 3. K/min; T_end: 240. C
Capillary	Ultra-1	1154.	Okumura, 1991	25. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, He, 3. K/min; T_start: 80. C; T_end: 260. C
Capillary	SE-30	1142.	Yaacob, Abdullah, et al., 1989	4. K/min; Column length: 10. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; T_start: 20. C; T_end: 200. C
Capillary	OV-101	1170.	Zenkevich and Tsibulskaya, 1989	Helium, 75. C @ 0. min, 6. K/min, 220. C @ 0. min; Column length: 54. m; Column diameter: 0.26 mm
Capillary	OV-101	1173.	Zenkevich and Tsibulskaya, 1989	Helium, 75. C @ 0. min, 6. K/min, 220. C @ 0. min; Column length: 54. m; Column diameter: 0.26 mm
Capillary	SE-54	1176.	Harland, Cumming, et al., 1986	He, 50. C @ 2. min, 8. K/min, 250. C @ 12. min; Column length: 25. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm
Capillary	DB-1	1155.	Habu, Flath, et al., 1985	3. K/min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; T_start: 0. C; T_end: 250. C
Capillary	DB-1	1153.	Habu, Flath, et al., 1985	3. K/min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; T_start: 50. C; T_end: 250. C
Capillary	OV-101	1159.	Stern, Flath, et al., 1985	50. C @ 0.1 min, 4. K/min, 225. C @ 30. min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm
Capillary	OV-101	1147.	del Rosario, de Lumen, et al., 1984	He, 0. C @ 1. min, 3. K/min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.31 mm; T_end: 225. C
Capillary	DB-1	1155.	Flath, Mon, et al., 1983	50. C @ 0.1 min, 4. K/min, 250. C @ 5. min; Column length: 60. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm
Capillary	SE-30	1163.	Heydanek and McGorrin, 1981	40. C @ 3. min, 3. K/min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.5 mm; T_end: 170. C
Capillary	SE-30	1162.	Heydanek and McGorrin, 1981, 2	He, 40. C @ 3. min, 3. K/min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.5 mm; T_end: 170. C

Normal alkane RI, non-polar column, custom temperature program

View large format table.

Column type	Active phase	I	Reference	Comment
Capillary	HP-5 MS	1179.	Kotowska, Zalikowski, et al., 2012	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium; Program: not specified
Capillary	SLB-5 MS	1178.	Mondello, 2012	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium; Program: not specified
Capillary	SLB-5 MS	1194.	Mondello, 2012	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium; Program: not specified
Capillary	Polydimethyl siloxane with 5 % Ph groups	1191.	Robinson, Adams, et al., 2012	Program: not specified
Capillary	Polydimethyl siloxane with 5 % Ph groups	1197.	Robinson, Adams, et al., 2012	Program: not specified
Capillary	VF-5	1186.	Shivashankar, Roy, et al., 2012	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium; Program: 50 0C (2 min) 3 0C/min -> 200 0C (3 min) 10 0C/min -> 220 0C (8 min)
Capillary	VF-5	1179.	Shivashankar, Roy, et al., 2012	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium; Program: not specified
Capillary	HP-1	1190.	Grigor'ev, Bozhko, et al., 2009	Helium; Program: not specified
Capillary	HP-5 MS	1179.	Mancini, Arnold, et al., 2009	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium; Program: 40 0C (5 min) 2 0C/min -> 270 0C -> 260 0C (20 min)
Capillary	RTX-5 MS	1181.	Mebazaa, Mahmoudi, et al., 2009	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium; Program: 50 0C (5 min) 2 0C/min -> 100 0C (5 min) 5 0C/min -> 300 0C
Capillary	RTX-5 MS	1179.	Mebazaa, Mahmoudi, et al., 2009	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium; Program: not specified
Capillary	Squalane	1152.	Chen, 2008	Program: not specified
Capillary	Squalane	1210.	Chen, 2008	Program: not specified
Capillary	Nonpolar	1182.	Staples and Zeiger, 2008	Program: not specified
Capillary	Nonpolar	1187.	Staples and Zeiger, 2008	Program: not specified
Capillary	HP-5 MS	1190.	Xie, Sun, et al., 2008	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium; Program: 40 0C (2 min) 4 0C/min -> 220 0C 20 0C/min -> 280 0C
Capillary	HP-5	1184.	Zhao, Li, et al., 2008	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm; Program: 40 0C (2 min) 5 0C/min -> 80 0C 7 oC/min -> 160 0C 9 0C/min -> 200 0C 20 0C/min -> 280 0C (10 min)
Capillary	HP-5	1179.	Zhao, Li, et al., 2008	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm; Program: not specified
Capillary	DB-5 MS	1158.	Zhu, Li, et al., 2008	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium; Program: 50 0C (2.8 min) 5.5 0C/min -> 140 0C (1 min) 4.5 oC/min -> 220 0C -> 225 0C (2 min) 3.4 0C/min -> 265 0C (5 min)
Capillary	DB-5 MS	1183.	Zhu, Li, et al., 2008	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium; Program: 50 0C (2.8 min) 5.5 0C/min -> 140 0C (1 min) 4.5 oC/min -> 220 0C -> 225 0C (2 min) 3.4 0C/min -> 265 0C (5 min)
Capillary	HP-5	1179.	Dou, Li, et al., 2007	30. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 40 0C (2 min) 110 0C (2 min) 3 0C/min -> 170 0C (2 min) 4 0C/min -> 220 0C (2 min) 10 0C/min -> 260 0C (5 min)
Capillary	HP-5MS	1179.	Moronkola, Ogunwande, et al., 2007	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 40C(10min) => 3C/min => 200C => 2C/min => 220C
Capillary	BPX-5	1178.	Salamci, Kordali, et al., 2007	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 50C => 3C/min => 150C(10min) => 10C/min => 250C
Capillary	DB-1	1139.	Figueiredo A.C., Barroso J.G., et al., 2006	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 45C => 3C/min => 175C => 15C/min => 300C (10min)
Capillary	HP-5MS	1179.	Senatore, Apostolides Arnold, et al., 2006	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 40C(5min) => 2C/min => 250C (15min) => 10C/min => 270C
Capillary	RTX-5	1190.	Ádámová, Orinák, et al., 2005	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, N2; Program: not specified
Capillary	HP-5	1170.	Riu-Aumatell, Lopez-Tamames, et al., 2005	Program: not specified
Capillary	HP-5MS	1171.	Vichi, Pizzale, et al., 2005	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm; Program: 40C(3min) => 4C/min => 75C => 8C/min => 250C
Capillary	Apiezon L	1137.	Finkelstein, Kurbatova, et al., 2002	Program: not specified
Capillary	DB-5MS	1179.	Fu, Yoon, et al., 2002	Program: not specified
Capillary	HP-5MS	1176.	Ansorena, Gimeno, et al., 2001	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 40C (10min) => 3C/min => 120C => 10C/min => 250C (5min)
Capillary	CP Sil 8 CB	1215.	Duckham, Dodson, et al., 2001	60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm; Program: not specified
Capillary	DB-5 MS	1197.	Luo and Agnew, 2001	30. m/0.25 mm/1.0 μm, Helium; Program: not specified
Capillary	HP-5	1175.	Ansorena, Astiasarán, et al., 2000	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 40C (10min) => 3C/min => 120C => 10C/min => 250C (5min)
Capillary	BPX-5	1212.	Madruga, Arruda, et al., 2000	50. m/0.32 mm/0.50 μm, Helium; Program: 40 0C (5 min) 20 0C/min -> 60 0C (5 min) 4 0C/min -> 250 0C (10 min)
Capillary	DB-1	1139.	da Silva, Pedro, et al., 2000	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, H2; Program: 40 0C 3 K/min -> 175 0C 15 K/min -> 240 0C (10 min)
Capillary	HP Ultra 1	1162.	Hernandes, Vargas-Arispuro, et al., 1999	25. m/0.20 mm/0.33 μm, Nitrogen; Program: 50 0C 4 0C/min -> 180 0C 10 0C/min -> 280 0C
Capillary	HP-5	1222.	Timón, Ventanas, et al., 1998	50. m/0.32 mm/0.52 μm, He; Program: 35 0C 10 0C/min -> 200 0C (20 min) 5 0C/min -> 230 0C (50 min)
Capillary	DB-1	1139.	Barroso, Figueiredo, et al., 1996	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, H2; Program: 45 0C 3 0C/min -> 175 0C 15 0C/min -> 240 0C (10 min)
Capillary	DB-5	1210.	Mateo and Zumalacárregui, 1996	50. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 40C (10min) => 3C/min => 95C => 10C/min => 270C (10min)
Capillary	DB-5	1220.	Mateo and Zumalacárregui, 1996	50. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 40C (10min) => 3C/min => 95C => 10C/min => 270C (10min)
Capillary	DB-1	1185.	Peng, 1996	30. m/0.53 mm/1.5 μm; Program: 40 0C (4 min) 8 0C/min -> 200 0C (1 min) 5 0C/min -> 280 0C (20 min)
Capillary	Methyl Silicone	1164.	Zenkevich, 1996	Program: not specified
Capillary	RSL-150	1164.	Buchbauer, Nikiforov, et al., 1994	60. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 30c (1.5min) => 20C/min => 55C => 6C/min => 200C(10min)
Capillary	DB-1	1157.	Ciccioli, Cecinato, et al., 1994	60. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm; Program: not specified
Capillary	OV-1	1183.7	Dimov, Osman, et al., 1994	Program: not specified
Capillary	SPB-1	1150.	Vezzani, Moretti, et al., 1994	Column length: 30. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; Program: not specified
Capillary	Methyl Silicone	1164.	Zenkevich, 1994	Program: not specified
Capillary	OV-101	1162.	Matisová, Juranyiová, et al., 1991	52. m/0.25 mm/0.38 μm, H2; Program: 70 - 160 C at 1.5 deg/min; 160 - 280 C at 15 deg/min 15 min at 280 C
Capillary	Polydimethyl siloxane, unknown content of Ph-groups	1186.	Geldon, 1989	Program: not specified
Capillary	Polydimethyl siloxane, unknown content of Ph-groups	1189.	Geldon, 1989	Program: not specified
Capillary	SE-30	1160.	Ibrahim and Suffet, 1988	N2; Column length: 60. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; Program: 50C(8min) => 3C/min => 150C => 35C/min => 275C (10min)
Capillary	DB-1	1146.	Takeoka, Flath, et al., 1988	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, H2; Program: 30C (2min) => 2C/min => 150C => 4C/min => 250C
Capillary	DB-1	1157.	Takeoka, Flath, et al., 1988	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, H2; Program: 30C (2min) => 2C/min => 150C => 4C/min => 250C
Capillary	OV-101	1165.	Zenkevich and Malamakhov, 1987	He; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.24 mm; Program: not specified
Capillary	OV-1	1155.	Waggott and Davies, 1984	Hydrogen; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; Program: not specified
Capillary	OV-1	1156.	Waggott and Davies, 1984	Hydrogen; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; Program: not specified
Capillary	OV-1, SE-30, Methyl silicone, SP-2100, OV-101, DB-1, etc.	1150.	Waggott and Davies, 1984	Hydrogen; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; Program: not specified
Capillary	OV-1, SE-30, Methyl silicone, SP-2100, OV-101, DB-1, etc.	1152.	Waggott and Davies, 1984	Hydrogen; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; Program: not specified
Capillary	OV-1, SE-30, Methyl silicone, SP-2100, OV-101, DB-1, etc.	1155.	Waggott and Davies, 1984	Hydrogen; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; Program: not specified
Capillary	OV-1, SE-30, Methyl silicone, SP-2100, OV-101, DB-1, etc.	1162.	Waggott and Davies, 1984	Hydrogen; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; Program: not specified
Capillary	OV-1, SE-30, Methyl silicone, SP-2100, OV-101, DB-1, etc.	1170.	Waggott and Davies, 1984	Hydrogen; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; Program: not specified
Capillary	OV-1, SE-30, Methyl silicone, SP-2100, OV-101, DB-1, etc.	1184.	Waggott and Davies, 1984	Hydrogen; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; Program: not specified
Capillary	OV-1, SE-30, Methyl silicone, SP-2100, OV-101, DB-1, etc.	1188.	Waggott and Davies, 1984	Hydrogen; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; Program: not specified
Capillary	OV-1, SE-30, Methyl silicone, SP-2100, OV-101, DB-1, etc.	1189.	Waggott and Davies, 1984	Hydrogen; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; Program: not specified
Other	Methyl Silicone	1186.	Ardrey and Moffat, 1981	Program: not specified

Normal alkane RI, polar column, temperature ramp

View large format table.

Column type	Active phase	I	Reference	Comment
Capillary	DB-Wax	1712.	Zhao, Xu, et al., 2009	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium, 40. C @ 2. min, 3. K/min, 230. C @ 5. min
Capillary	Stabilwax	1749.	Cros, Vandanjon, et al., 2007	60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium, 40. C @ 5. min, 3. K/min, 240. C @ 10. min
Capillary	HP-Wax	1724.	Fredj, Marzouk, et al., 2007	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, N2, 5. K/min, 250. C @ 10. min; T_start: 50. C
Capillary	CP-Wax 52CB	1789.	Povolo, Contarini, et al., 2007	60. m/0.32 mm/0.5 μm, He, 40. C @ 8. min, 4. K/min, 220. C @ 20. min
Capillary	ZB-Wax	1698.	N/A	30. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, Helium, 40. C @ 2. min, 5. K/min, 250. C @ 5. min
Capillary	Stabilwax	1749.	Cros, Vandanjon, et al., 2003, 2	60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium, 40. C @ 5. min, 3. K/min, 240. C @ 10. min
Capillary	Carbowax 20M	1769.	Soria, Martinez-Castro, et al., 2003	50. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 45. C @ 2. min, 4. K/min, 190. C @ 50. min
Capillary	DB-Wax	1732.	Tanaka, Yamauchi, et al., 2003	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, 30. C @ 1. min, 4. K/min; T_end: 250. C
Capillary	DB-Wax	1733.	Tanaka, Yamauchi, et al., 2003	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, 30. C @ 1. min, 4. K/min; T_end: 250. C
Capillary	DB-Wax	1706.	Fu, Yoon, et al., 2002	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 40. C @ 5. min, 8. K/min, 250. C @ 5. min
Capillary	DB-Wax	1707.	Duque, Bonilla, et al., 2001	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium, 4. K/min, 220. C @ 30. min; T_start: 25. C
Capillary	Supelcowax-10	1748.	Korány, Mednyánszky, et al., 2000	60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 4. K/min; T_start: 60. C; T_end: 280. C
Capillary	DB-Wax	1755.	Iwatsuki, Mizota, et al., 1999	4. K/min; Column length: 30. m; Column diameter: 0.53 mm; T_start: 60. C; T_end: 210. C
Capillary	Innowax	1765.	Kaya, Baser, et al., 1999	60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 60. C @ 10. min; T_end: 220. C
Capillary	HP-Innowax	1765.	Kaya, Baser, et al., 1999, 2	60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 60. C @ 10. min; T_end: 220. C
Capillary	CBP-20	1731.	Quiroz A. and Niemeyer H.M., 1998	35. C @ 5. min, 5. K/min; Column length: 25. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; T_end: 200. C
Capillary	TC-Wax	1757.	Shuichi, Masazumi, et al., 1996	80. C @ 5. min, 3. K/min; Column length: 60. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; T_end: 240. C
Capillary	Carbowax 20M	1698.	Kawakami, Kobayashi, et al., 1993	He, 60. C @ 4. min, 2. K/min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; T_end: 180. C
Capillary	Carbowax 20M	1698.	Kawakami and Kobayashi, 1991	He, 60. C @ 4. min, 2. K/min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; T_end: 180. C
Capillary	Carbowax 20M	1728.	Kanasawud and Crouzet, 1990	50. C @ 10. min, 4. K/min; Column length: 40. m; Column diameter: 0.4 mm; T_end: 170. C
Capillary	DB-Wax	1745.	Wyllie, Brophy, et al., 1990	70. C @ 2. min, 4. K/min; Column length: 30. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; T_end: 200. C

Normal alkane RI, polar column, custom temperature program

View large format table.

Column type	Active phase	I	Reference	Comment
Capillary	Innowax	1763.	Noorizadeh, Farmany, et al., 2011	60. m/0.25 mm/0.33 μm; Program: not specified
Capillary	Supelko CO Wax	1765.	Vekiari, Orepoulou, et al., 2010	60. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, Helium; Program: 40 0C (5 min) 4 0C/min -> 75 0C 5 0C/min -> 250 0C (10 min)
Capillary	HP Innowax	1763.	Mancini, Arnold, et al., 2009	50. m/0.20 mm/0.25 μm, Helium; Program: 40 0C (5 min) 2 0C/min -> 270 0C -> 260 0C (20 min)
Capillary	DB-FFAP	1699.	Mebazaa, Mahmoudi, et al., 2009	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium; Program: 50 0C 2 0C/min -> 100 0C (5 min) 5 0C/min -> 250 0C
Capillary	DB-FFAP	1694.	Mebazaa, Mahmoudi, et al., 2009	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium; Program: not specified
Capillary	DB-Wax	1713.	Zhao, Xu, et al., 2009	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium; Program: not specified
Capillary	SOLGel-Wax	1729.	Shu and Shen, 2008	30. m/0.53 mm/0.50 μm, Helium; Program: 40 0C 7 0C/min -> 180 0C 10 0C/min -> 240 0C (10 min)
Capillary	SOLGel-Wax	1724.	Shu and Shen, 2008	30. m/0.53 mm/0.50 μm, Helium; Program: not specified
Capillary	DB-Wax	1701.	Tao, Wenlai, et al., 2008	30. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, Helium; Program: 50 0C 20 0C/min -> 80 0C 3 0C/min -> 230 0C
Capillary	BP-20	1714.	Pontes, Marques, et al., 2007	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 50C(1min) => 2.5C/min => 100C => 2C/min => 180C => 15C/min => 220C
Capillary	BP-20	1714.	Pontes, Marques, et al., 2007	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 50C(1min) => 2.5C/min => 100C => 2C/min => 180C => 15C/min => 220C
Capillary	Innowax FSC	1763.	Baser K.H.C., Ozek G., et al., 2006	60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 60C(10min) => 4C/min => 220C (10min) => 1C/min => 240C
Capillary	HP-Innowax FSC	1763.	Erdurak, Coskun, et al., 2006	60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 60C(10min) => 4C/min => 220C (10min) => 1C/min => 240C
Capillary	HP-Innowax	1763.	Senatore, Apostolides Arnold, et al., 2006	50. m/0.2 mm/0.2 μm, He; Program: 40C(5min) => 2C/min => 250C (15min) => 10C/min => 270C
Capillary	HP-Innowax FSC	1763.	Demirci, Demirci, et al., 2005	60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, N2; Program: 60C(10min) => 4C/min => 220C (10min) => 1C/min => 240C
Capillary	DB-Wax	1723.	Lee, Lee, et al., 2005	60. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 30C(4min) => 2C/min => 170C(25min) => 10C/min => 210C(10min)
Capillary	DB-Wax	1734.	Lee, Lee, et al., 2005	60. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 30C(4min) => 2C/min => 170C(25min) => 10C/min => 210C(10min)
Capillary	HP-Innowax FSC	1765.	Sezik E., Kocakulak E., et al., 2005	60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 60C(10min) => 4C/min => 220C(10min) => 1C/min => 240C
Capillary	Supelcowax-10	1730.	Vichi, Pizzale, et al., 2005	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm; Program: 40C(3min) => 4C/min => 75C => 8C/min => 250C
Capillary	HP-Innowax FSC	1763.	Demirci, Baser, et al., 2003	60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 60C (10min) => 4C/min => 220C (10min) => 1C/min => 240C
Capillary	HP Innowax FSP	1763.	Tasdemir, Demirci, et al., 2003	60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 60C(10min) => 4C/min => 220C (10min) => 1C/min => 240C
Capillary	HP Innowax FSP	1763.	Tasdemir, Demirci, et al., 2003	60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 60C(10min) => 4C/min => 220C (10min) => 1C/min => 240C
Capillary	HP-Innowax FSC	1763.	Kirimer N., Tabanea N., et al., 2001	60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 60C(10min) => 4C/min => 220C(10min) => 1C/min => 240C
Capillary	Innowax	1765.	Özcan, Akgül, et al., 2001	60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 60C(10min) => 4C/min => 200C(10min) => 1C/min => 240C
Capillary	Innowax FSC	1765.	Kirimer, Tabanca, et al., 2000	60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 60C(10 min) => 4C/min => 220C(10min) => 1C/min => 240C
Capillary	Innowax FSC	1765.	Kirimer, Tabanca, et al., 1999	60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium; Program: 60 0C (10 min) 4 0C/min -> 220 0C (10 min) 1 0C/min -> 240 0C
Capillary	Innowax	1762.	Baser, Kürkcüoglu, et al., 1998	60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm; Program: 60C(10min) => 4C/min => 220C(10min) => 1C/min => 240C
Capillary	DB-Wax	1739.	Peng, 1996	30. m/0.53 mm/1.0 μm; Program: 40 0C (4 min) 4 0C/min -> 200 0C (20 min)
Capillary	DB-Wax	1722.	Peng, Yang, et al., 1991	Program: not specified
Capillary	DB-Wax	1739.	Peng, Yang, et al., 1991	Program: not specified
Capillary	Superox 0.6; Carbowax 20M	1709.	Waggott and Davies, 1984	Hydrogen; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; Program: not specified
Capillary	Superox 0.6; Carbowax 20M	1720.	Waggott and Davies, 1984	Hydrogen; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; Program: not specified

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Kaya, Baser, et al., 1999, 2
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Kawakami, M.; Kobayashi, A.; Kator, K., Volatile constituents of Rooibos tea (Aspalathus linearis) as affected by extraction process, J. Agric. Food Chem., 1993, 41, 4, 633-636, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00028a023 . [all data]

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Kawakami, M.; Kobayashi, A., Volatitle constituents of greem mate and roasted mate, J. Agric. Food Chem., 1991, 39, 7, 1275-1279, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00007a016 . [all data]

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Wyllie, Brophy, et al., 1990
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Notes

Symbols used in this document:

AE	Appearance energy
C_p,gas	Constant pressure heat capacity of gas
C_p,liquid	Constant pressure heat capacity of liquid
C_p,solid	Constant pressure heat capacity of solid
EA	Electron affinity
IE (evaluated)	Recommended ionization energy
P_c	Critical pressure
S°_liquid	Entropy of liquid at standard conditions
S°_{solid,1 bar}	Entropy of solid at standard conditions (1 bar)
T	Temperature
T_boil	Boiling point
T_c	Critical temperature
T_fus	Fusion (melting) point
T_triple	Triple point temperature
V_c	Critical volume
ΔH_trs	Enthalpy of phase transition
ΔS_trs	Entropy of phase transition
Δ_cH°_solid	Enthalpy of combustion of solid at standard conditions
Δ_fH°_gas	Enthalpy of formation of gas at standard conditions
Δ_fH°_solid	Enthalpy of formation of solid at standard conditions
Δ_fusH	Enthalpy of fusion
Δ_fusS	Entropy of fusion
Δ_rG°	Free energy of reaction at standard conditions
Δ_rH°	Enthalpy of reaction at standard conditions
Δ_rS°	Entropy of reaction at standard conditions
Δ_subH	Enthalpy of sublimation
Δ_subH°	Enthalpy of sublimation at standard conditions
Δ_subS	Entropy of sublimation
Δ_vapH	Enthalpy of vaporization
Δ_vapH°	Enthalpy of vaporization at standard conditions
Δ_vapS	Entropy of vaporization
ρ_c	Critical density

Data from NIST Standard Reference Database 69: NIST Chemistry WebBook
The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) uses its best efforts to deliver a high quality copy of the Database and to verify that the data contained therein have been selected on the basis of sound scientific judgment. However, NIST makes no warranties to that effect, and NIST shall not be liable for any damage that may result from errors or omissions in the Database.
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Naphthalene

Data at NIST subscription sites:

Gas phase thermochemistry data

Constant pressure heat capacity of gas

Constant pressure heat capacity of gas

Condensed phase thermochemistry data

Constant pressure heat capacity of liquid

Constant pressure heat capacity of solid

Phase change data

Enthalpy of vaporization

Entropy of vaporization

Antoine Equation Parameters

Enthalpy of sublimation

Entropy of sublimation

Enthalpy of fusion

Entropy of fusion

Enthalpy of phase transition

Entropy of phase transition

Reaction thermochemistry data

Individual Reactions

Free energy of reaction

Gas phase ion energetics data

Electron affinity determinations

Proton affinity at 298K

Gas basicity at 298K

Ionization energy determinations

Appearance energy determinations

De-protonation reactions

IR Spectrum

Mass spectrum (electron ionization)

Spectrum

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Additional Data

Gas Chromatography

Kovats' RI, non-polar column, isothermal

Kovats' RI, non-polar column, temperature ramp

Kovats' RI, non-polar column, custom temperature program

Kovats' RI, polar column, temperature ramp

Van Den Dool and Kratz RI, non-polar column, temperature ramp

Van Den Dool and Kratz RI, non-polar column, custom temperature program

Van Den Dool and Kratz RI, polar column, temperature ramp

Van Den Dool and Kratz RI, polar column, custom temperature program

Normal alkane RI, non-polar column, isothermal

Normal alkane RI, non-polar column, temperature ramp

Normal alkane RI, non-polar column, custom temperature program

Normal alkane RI, polar column, temperature ramp

Normal alkane RI, polar column, custom temperature program

References

Notes