Carbon monoxide
- Formula: CO
- Molecular weight: 28.0101
- IUPAC Standard InChIKey: UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N
- CAS Registry Number: 630-08-0
- Chemical structure:
This structure is also available as a 2d Mol file or as a computed 3d SD file
The 3d structure may be viewed using Java or Javascript. - Other names: Carbon oxide (CO); CO; Exhaust gas; Flue gas; Carbonic oxide; Carbon oxide; Carbone (oxyde de); Carbonio (ossido di); Kohlenmonoxid; Kohlenoxyd; Koolmonoxyde; NA 9202; Oxyde de carbone; UN 1016; Wegla tlenek; Carbon monooxide
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Phase change data
Go To: Top, Gas phase ion energetics data, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), References, Notes
Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Data compiled as indicated in comments:
TRC - Thermodynamics Research Center, NIST Boulder Laboratories, Chris Muzny director
AC - William E. Acree, Jr., James S. Chickos
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Tboil | 81.63 | K | N/A | Mullins, Kirk, et al., 1963 | Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.05 K; TRC |
Tboil | 81.61 | K | N/A | Clayton and Giauque, 1932 | Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.07 K; TRC |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
Ttriple | 67.95 | K | N/A | Gill and Morrison, 1966 | Crystal phase 1 phase; Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.06 K; TRC |
Ttriple | 68.12 | K | N/A | Mullins, Kirk, et al., 1963 | Crystal phase 1 phase; Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.05 K; TRC |
Ttriple | 68.09 | K | N/A | Clayton and Giauque, 1932 | Crystal phase 1 phase; Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.07 K; TRC |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
Tc | 134.45 | K | N/A | Cardoso, 1915 | Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.4 K; 4 determinations with same result; TRC |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
Pc | 34.5300 | atm | N/A | Cardoso, 1915 | Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.2999 atm; TRC |
Pc | 34.5300 | atm | N/A | Cardoso, 1915 | Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.2999 atm; TRC |
Pc | 34.6900 | atm | N/A | Cardoso, 1915 | Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.2999 atm; TRC |
Pc | 34.7500 | atm | N/A | Cardoso, 1915 | Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.2999 atm; TRC |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
ρc | 11.1 | mol/l | N/A | Cardoso, 1915 | Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.04 mol/l; extrapolation of rectilinear diameter to Tc; TRC |
Enthalpy of vaporization
ΔvapH (kcal/mol) | Temperature (K) | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|
1.4 | 93. | A | Stephenson and Malanowski, 1987 | Based on data from 68. to 108. K.; AC |
1.4 | 81. | N/A | Clayton and Giauque, 1932, 2 | Based on data from 69. to 83. K.; AC |
1.4 | 81. | C | Clayton and Giauque, 1932, 2 | AC |
Enthalpy of sublimation
ΔsubH (kcal/mol) | Temperature (K) | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|
1.8 | 58. | N/A | Stephenson and Malanowski, 1987 | Based on data from 54. to 61. K.; AC |
1.9 | 60. | A | Stull, 1947 | Based on data from 51. to 68. K.; AC |
1.9 | 62. | A | Crommelin, Bijleveld, et al., 1931 | Based on data from 57. to 68. K.; AC |
Gas phase ion energetics data
Go To: Top, Phase change data, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), References, Notes
Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Data evaluated as indicated in comments:
HL - Edward P. Hunter and Sharon G. Lias
L - Sharon G. Lias
Data compiled as indicated in comments:
LL - Sharon G. Lias and Joel F. Liebman
LLK - Sharon G. Lias, Rhoda D. Levin, and Sherif A. Kafafi
RDSH - Henry M. Rosenstock, Keith Draxl, Bruce W. Steiner, and John T. Herron
B - John E. Bartmess
View reactions leading to CO+ (ion structure unspecified)
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
IE (evaluated) | 14.014 ± 0.0003 | eV | N/A | N/A | L |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
Proton affinity (review) | 142. | kcal/mol | N/A | Hunter and Lias, 1998 | at C; HL |
Proton affinity (review) | 101.9 | kcal/mol | N/A | Hunter and Lias, 1998 | at O; HL |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
Gas basicity | 134.5 | kcal/mol | N/A | Hunter and Lias, 1998 | at C; HL |
Gas basicity | 96.13 | kcal/mol | N/A | Hunter and Lias, 1998 | at O; HL |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
ΔfH°(+) ion | 296.7 | kcal/mol | N/A | N/A | |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
ΔfH(+) ion,0K | 296.0 | kcal/mol | N/A | N/A |
Electron affinity determinations
EA (eV) | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|
1.32608 | R-A | Refaey and Franklin, 1976 | G3MP2B3 calculations indicate an EA of ca.-1.6 eV, anion unbound; B |
Ionization energy determinations
IE (eV) | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|
14.0142 ± 0.0003 | LS | Erman, Karawajczyk, et al., 1993 | LL |
14.1 | PE | Kimura, Katsumata, et al., 1981 | LLK |
14.014 | S | Fock, Gurtler, et al., 1980 | LLK |
14.07 ± 0.05 | EI | Hille and Mark, 1978 | LLK |
14.0 | PI | Rabalais, Debies, et al., 1974 | LLK |
14.01 | PE | Natalis, 1973 | LLK |
14.0139 | S | Ogawa and Ogawa, 1972 | LLK |
14.01 | PE | Hotop and Niehaus, 1970 | RDSH |
14.01 | PE | Collin and Natalis, 1969 | RDSH |
14.00 | PE | Turner and May, 1966 | RDSH |
14.013 ± 0.004 | S | Krupenie, 1966 | RDSH |
13.985 | PI | Cook, Metzger, et al., 1965 | RDSH |
14.01 | PE | Potts and Williams, 1974 | Vertical value; LLK |
14.01 | PE | Katrib, Debies, et al., 1973 | Vertical value; LLK |
14.0 | PE | Thomas, 1970 | Vertical value; RDSH |
Appearance energy determinations
Ion | AE (eV) | Other Products | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
C+ | 20.94 ± 0.02 | O- | PI | Oertel, Schenk, et al., 1980 | LLK |
C+ | 20.89 | O-(2P) | EI | Smyth, Schiavone, et al., 1974 | LLK |
C+ | 20.88 ± 0.02 | O- | EI | Locht and Momigny, 1971 | LLK |
C+ | 22.45 ± 0.10 | O | EI | Hierl and Franklin, 1967 | RDSH |
C+ | 20.82 ± 0.05 | O- | EI | Hierl and Franklin, 1967 | RDSH |
C+ | 22.57 ± 0.20 | O | EI | Fineman and Petrocelli, 1961 | RDSH |
C+ | 20.89 ± 0.09 | O- | EI | Fineman and Petrocelli, 1961 | RDSH |
CO+ | 19.5 ± 0.2 | O-? | PI | Weissler, Samson, et al., 1959 | RDSH |
O+ | 23.44 | C- | EI | Smyth, Schiavone, et al., 1974 | LLK |
O+ | 23.20 ± 0.05 | C- | EI | Hierl and Franklin, 1967 | RDSH |
O+ | 24.65 ± 0.05 | C | EI | Hierl and Franklin, 1967 | RDSH |
O+ | 23.41 ± 0.17 | C- | EI | Fineman and Petrocelli, 1961 | RDSH |
O+ | 24.78 ± 0.23 | C | EI | Fineman and Petrocelli, 1961 | RDSH |
Mass spectrum (electron ionization)
Go To: Top, Phase change data, Gas phase ion energetics data, References, Notes
Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Data compiled by: NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, William E. Wallace, director
Spectrum
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Additional Data
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Owner | NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center Collection (C) 2014 copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the United States of America. All rights reserved. |
---|---|
NIST MS number | 19 |
References
Go To: Top, Phase change data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), Notes
Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Mullins, Kirk, et al., 1963
Mullins, J.C.; Kirk, B.S.; Ziegler, W.T.,
, U. S. A. E. C. NP-13862, 1963. [all data]
Clayton and Giauque, 1932
Clayton, J.O.; Giauque, W.F.,
The Heat Capacity and Entropy of Carbon Monoxide. Heat of Vaporization Vapor Pressure of Solid and Liquid. Free Energy to 5000 K from Spectroscopic Data,
J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1932, 54, 2610. [all data]
Gill and Morrison, 1966
Gill, E.K.; Morrison, J.A.,
Thermodynamic Properties of Condensed CO,
J. Chem. Phys., 1966, 45, 1585. [all data]
Cardoso, 1915
Cardoso, E.,
Study of the Critical Point of Several Difficultly LIquifiable Gases: Nitrogen, Carbon Monoxide, Oxygen and Methane,
J. Chim. Phys. Phys.-Chim. Biol., 1915, 13, 312. [all data]
Stephenson and Malanowski, 1987
Stephenson, Richard M.; Malanowski, Stanislaw,
Handbook of the Thermodynamics of Organic Compounds, 1987, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3173-2
. [all data]
Clayton and Giauque, 1932, 2
Clayton, J.O.; Giauque, W.F.,
The heat capacity and entropy of carbon monoxide. Heat of vaporization. Vapor pressures of solid and liquid. Free energy to 5000°K. From spectroscopic data,
J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1932, 54, 2610-2626. [all data]
Stull, 1947
Stull, Daniel R.,
Vapor Pressure of Pure Substances. Organic and Inorganic Compounds,
Ind. Eng. Chem., 1947, 39, 4, 517-540, https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50448a022
. [all data]
Crommelin, Bijleveld, et al., 1931
Crommelin, C.A.; Bijleveld, W.J.; Brown, E.G.,
Proc. R. Acad. Sci. Amsterdam, 1931, 34, 1314. [all data]
Hunter and Lias, 1998
Hunter, E.P.; Lias, S.G.,
Evaluated Gas Phase Basicities and Proton Affinities of Molecules: An Update,
J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 1998, 27, 3, 413-656, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.556018
. [all data]
Refaey and Franklin, 1976
Refaey, K.M.A.; Franklin, J.L.,
Endoergic ion-molecule-collision processes of negative ions. III. Collisions of I- on O2, CO and CO2,
Int. J. Mass Spectrom. Ion Phys., 1976, 20, 19. [all data]
Erman, Karawajczyk, et al., 1993
Erman, P.; Karawajczyk, A.; Rachlew-Kallne, E.; Stromholm, C.; Larsson, J.; Persson, A.; Zerne, R.,
Direct determination of the ionization potential of CO by resonantly enhanced multiphoton ionization mass spectrometry,
Chem. Phys. Lett., 1993, 215, 173. [all data]
Kimura, Katsumata, et al., 1981
Kimura, K.; Katsumata, S.; Achiba, Y.; Yamazaki, T.; Iwata, S.,
Ionization energies, Ab initio assignments, and valence electronic structure for 200 molecules
in Handbook of HeI Photoelectron Spectra of Fundamental Organic Compounds, Japan Scientific Soc. Press, Tokyo, 1981. [all data]
Fock, Gurtler, et al., 1980
Fock, J.-H.; Gurtler, P.; Koch, E.E.,
Molecular Rydberg transitions in carbon monoxide: term value/ionization energy correlation of BF, CO and N2.,
Chem. Phys., 1980, 47, 87. [all data]
Hille and Mark, 1978
Hille, E.; Mark, T.D.,
Cross section for single and double ionization of carbon monoxide by electron impact from threshold up to 180 eV,
J. Chem. Phys., 1978, 69, 4600. [all data]
Rabalais, Debies, et al., 1974
Rabalais, J.W.; Debies, T.P.; Berkosky, J.L.; Huang, J.-T.J.; Ellison, F.O.,
Calculated photoionization cross sections relative experimental photoionization intensities for a selection of small molecules,
J. Chem. Phys., 1974, 61, 516. [all data]
Natalis, 1973
Natalis, P.,
Contribution a la spectroscopie photoelectronique. Effets de l'autoionisation dans less spectres photoelectroniques de molecules diatomiques et triatomiques,
Acad. R. Belg. Mem. Cl. Sci. Collect. 8, 1973, 41, 1. [all data]
Ogawa and Ogawa, 1972
Ogawa, M.; Ogawa, S.,
Absorption spectrum of CO in the Hopfield helium continuum region, 600-1020 A,
J. Mol. Spectrosc., 1972, 41, 393. [all data]
Hotop and Niehaus, 1970
Hotop, H.; Niehaus, A.,
Reactions of excited atoms and molecules with atoms and molecules. V.Comparison of Penning electron and photoelectron spectra of H2, N2 and CO,
Intern. J. Mass Spectrom. Ion Phys., 1970, 5, 415. [all data]
Collin and Natalis, 1969
Collin, J.E.; Natalis, P.,
Ionic states and photon impact-enhanced vibrational excitation in diatomic molecules by photoelectron spectroscopy. Photoelectron spectra of N2, CO and O2,
Intern. J. Mass Spectrom. Ion Phys., 1969, 2, 231. [all data]
Turner and May, 1966
Turner, D.W.; May, D.P.,
Franck-Condon factors in ionization: experimental measurement using molecular photoelectron spectroscopy,
J. Chem. Phys., 1966, 45, 471. [all data]
Krupenie, 1966
Krupenie, P.H.,
The band spectrum of carbon monoxide,
Natl. Stand. Ref. Data Ser., Natl. Bur. Stand. NSRDS-NBS, 1966, 5. [all data]
Cook, Metzger, et al., 1965
Cook, G.R.; Metzger, P.H.; Ogawa, M.,
Photoionization and absorption coefficients of CO in the 600 to 1000 A region,
Can. J. Phys., 1965, 43, 1706. [all data]
Potts and Williams, 1974
Potts, A.W.; Williams, T.A.,
The observation of "forbidden" transitions in He II photoelectron spectra,
J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom., 1974, 3, 3. [all data]
Katrib, Debies, et al., 1973
Katrib, A.; Debies, T.P.; Colton, R.J.; Lee, T.H.; Rabalais, J.W.,
The use of differential photoionization cross sections as a function of excitation energy in assigning photoelectron spectra,
Chem. Phys. Lett., 1973, 22, 196. [all data]
Thomas, 1970
Thomas, T.D.,
X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy of carbon monoxide,
J. Chem. Phys., 1970, 53, 1744. [all data]
Oertel, Schenk, et al., 1980
Oertel, H.; Schenk, H.; Baumgartel, H.,
Ion pair formation from photon irradiation of O2, NO and CO in 17-30 eV,
Chem. Phys., 1980, 46, 251. [all data]
Smyth, Schiavone, et al., 1974
Smyth, K.C.; Schiavone, J.A.; Freund, R.S.,
Dissociative excitation of CO by electron impact: Translational spectroscopy of long-lived high-Rydberg fragment atoms,
J. Chem. Phys., 1974, 60, 1358. [all data]
Locht and Momigny, 1971
Locht, R.; Momigny, J.,
Mass spectrometric study of ion-pair processes in diatomic molecules: H2, CO, NO and O2,
Int. J. Mass Spectrom. Ion Phys., 1971, 7, 121. [all data]
Hierl and Franklin, 1967
Hierl, P.M.; Franklin, J.L.,
Appearance potentials and kinetic energies of ions from N2, CO, and NO,
J. Chem. Phys., 1967, 47, 3154. [all data]
Fineman and Petrocelli, 1961
Fineman, M.A.; Petrocelli, A.W.,
Molecular studies with a Lozier electron impact apparatus,
Planetary Space Sci., 1961, 3, 187. [all data]
Weissler, Samson, et al., 1959
Weissler, G.L.; Samson, J.A.R.; Ogawa, M.; Cook, G.R.,
Photoionization analysis by mass spectroscopy,
J. Opt. Soc. Am., 1959, 49, 338. [all data]
Notes
Go To: Top, Phase change data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), References
- Symbols used in this document:
AE Appearance energy EA Electron affinity IE (evaluated) Recommended ionization energy Pc Critical pressure Tboil Boiling point Tc Critical temperature Ttriple Triple point temperature ΔfH(+) ion,0K Enthalpy of formation of positive ion at 0K ΔsubH Enthalpy of sublimation ΔvapH Enthalpy of vaporization ρc Critical density - Data from NIST Standard Reference Database 69: NIST Chemistry WebBook
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