Ethane

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Condensed phase thermochemistry data

Go To: Top, Phase change data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled by: Eugene S. Domalski and Elizabeth D. Hearing

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
liquid30.28cal/mol*KN/AWitt and Kemp, 1937Entropy from 0 to 15 K calculated using a Debye function.

Constant pressure heat capacity of liquid

Cp,liquid (cal/mol*K) Temperature (K) Reference Comment
16.41100.Atake and Chihara, 1976T = 50 to 100 K. Data given graphically. Cp = 0.69933 (T/K) - 2.385 J/mol*K (50 to 70 K, for solid).
16.494.Roder, 1976From data 90.3 to 94 K. Average value over range.
16.36100.32Roder, 1976, 2T = 93 to 301 K (saturation line), 91 to 330 K, pressures from 0 to 33 MPa.
17.26180.Witt and Kemp, 1937T = 15 to 185 K.
17.80200.Wiebe, Hubbard, et al., 1930T = 67 to 305.2 K. Heat capacity of saturated liquid given to 295 K is 136.1 J/mol*K.

Phase change data

Go To: Top, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
DH - Eugene S. Domalski and Elizabeth D. Hearing
TRC - Thermodynamics Research Center, NIST Boulder Laboratories, Chris Muzny director
AC - William E. Acree, Jr., James S. Chickos

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Tboil184.6 ± 0.6KAVGN/AAverage of 23 values; Individual data points
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Tfus101.KN/AStreng, 1971Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 1. K; TRC
Tfus89.2KN/ATimmermans, 1935Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 1.5 K; TRC
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Ttriple91. ± 6.KAVGN/AAverage of 10 values; Individual data points
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Ptriple0.000011atmN/AYounglove and Ely, 1987Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 5.×10-9 atm; TRC
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Tc305.3 ± 0.3KAVGN/AAverage of 41 out of 46 values; Individual data points
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Pc49. ± 1.atmAVGN/AAverage of 28 out of 29 values; Individual data points
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Vc0.147 ± 0.002l/molAVGN/AAverage of 6 values; Individual data points
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ρc6.9 ± 0.4mol/lAVGN/AAverage of 19 values; Individual data points
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δvap2.33kcal/molN/AMajer and Svoboda, 1985 

Enthalpy of vaporization

ΔvapH (kcal/mol) Temperature (K) Method Reference Comment
3.5141184.1N/AWitt and Kemp, 1937DH
3.66288.AStephenson and Malanowski, 1987Based on data from 273. to 305. K.; AC
3.75170.AStephenson and Malanowski, 1987Based on data from 154. to 185. K.; AC
4.23114.AStephenson and Malanowski, 1987Based on data from 95. to 129. K.; AC
3.56214.AStephenson and Malanowski, 1987Based on data from 185. to 229. K.; AC
3.56259.AStephenson and Malanowski, 1987Based on data from 228. to 274. K.; AC
4.09129.N/ACarruth and Kobayashi, 1973Based on data from 91. to 144. K.; AC
3.51210.N/AReid, 1972AC
3.51184.N/AWitt and Kemp, 1937AC
3.66185.N/ALoomis and Walters, 1926Based on data from 136. to 200. K.; AC

Enthalpy of vaporization

ΔvapH = A exp(-βTr) (1 − Tr)β
    ΔvapH = Enthalpy of vaporization (at saturation pressure) (kcal/mol)
    Tr = reduced temperature (T / Tc)

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Temperature (K) A (kcal/mol) β Tc (K) Reference
289. to 301.7.0340.3696305.4Majer and Svoboda, 1985

Entropy of vaporization

ΔvapS (cal/mol*K) Temperature (K) Reference Comment
19.09184.1Witt and Kemp, 1937DH

Antoine Equation Parameters

log10(P) = A − (B / (T + C))
    P = vapor pressure (atm)
    T = temperature (K)

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Temperature (K) A B C Reference Comment
91.33 to 144.134.50135791.3-6.422Carruth and Kobayashi, 1973Coefficents calculated by NIST from author's data.
135.74 to 199.913.93264659.739-16.719Loomis and Walters, 1926Coefficents calculated by NIST from author's data.

Enthalpy of sublimation

ΔsubH (kcal/mol) Temperature (K) Method Reference Comment
5.4085.N/ARegnier, 1972Based on data from 80. to 90. K.; AC
4.9090.BBondi, 1963AC

Enthalpy of fusion

ΔfusH (kcal/mol) Temperature (K) Reference Comment
0.13990.341Atake and Chihara, 1976Triple point.; DH
0.66789.5Domalski and Hearing, 1996AC
0.1490.3Atake and Chihara, 1976AC

Entropy of fusion

ΔfusS (cal/mol*K) Temperature (K) Reference Comment
1.5490.341Atake and Chihara, 1976Triple; DH

Enthalpy of phase transition

ΔHtrs (kcal/mol) Temperature (K) Initial Phase Final Phase Reference Comment
0.545489.813crystaline, IIcrystaline, IAtake and Chihara, 1976DH
0.682889.87crystaline, IliquidWitt and Kemp, 1937DH
0.667589.50crystaline, IliquidWiebe, Hubbard, et al., 1930DH
0.5825889.77crystaline, IIcrystaline, IRoder, 1976DH

Entropy of phase transition

ΔStrs (cal/mol*K) Temperature (K) Initial Phase Final Phase Reference Comment
6.09089.813crystaline, IIcrystaline, IAtake and Chihara, 1976DH
7.6089.87crystaline, IliquidWitt and Kemp, 1937DH
7.4689.50crystaline, IliquidWiebe, Hubbard, et al., 1930DH
6.48989.77crystaline, IIcrystaline, IRoder, 1976DH

In addition to the Thermodynamics Research Center (TRC) data available from this site, much more physical and chemical property data is available from the following TRC products:


Gas phase ion energetics data

Go To: Top, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data evaluated as indicated in comments:
HL - Edward P. Hunter and Sharon G. Lias
L - Sharon G. Lias

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
B - John E. Bartmess
LL - Sharon G. Lias and Joel F. Liebman
LBLHLM - Sharon G. Lias, John E. Bartmess, Joel F. Liebman, John L. Holmes, Rhoda D. Levin, and W. Gary Mallard
LLK - Sharon G. Lias, Rhoda D. Levin, and Sherif A. Kafafi
RDSH - Henry M. Rosenstock, Keith Draxl, Bruce W. Steiner, and John T. Herron

View reactions leading to C2H6+ (ion structure unspecified)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
IE (evaluated)11.52 ± 0.04eVN/AN/AL
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Proton affinity (review)142.5kcal/molN/AHunter and Lias, 1998HL
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Gas basicity136.2kcal/molN/AHunter and Lias, 1998HL

Ionization energy determinations

IE (eV) Method Reference Comment
11. ± 1.PIAu, Cooper, et al., 1993LL
11.52ESTLuo and Pacey, 1992LL
11.57EIPlessis and Marmet, 1987LBLHLM
11.56 ± 0.02EIPlessis and Marmet, 1987, 2LBLHLM
11.4 ± 0.4EIChatham, Hils, et al., 1984LBLHLM
11.5 ± 0.1EISuzuki and Maeda, 1977LLK
11.56 ± 0.02PEBieri, Burger, et al., 1977LLK
11.76 ± 0.05EIFlesch and Svec, 1973LLK
11.45 ± 0.05TEStockbauer and Inghram, 1971LLK
11.51PEDewar and Worley, 1969RDSH
11.66 ± 0.05EIWilliams and Hamill, 1968RDSH
11.55CICermak, 1968RDSH
11.56PEBaker, Baker, et al., 1968RDSH
11.521 ± 0.007PINicholson, 1965RDSH
11.99PEKimura, Katsumata, et al., 1981Vertical value; LLK
12.0PEBieri and Asbrink, 1980Vertical value; LLK
12.1 ± 0.1PEBieri, Burger, et al., 1977Vertical value; LLK
12.00PEDoucet, Sauvageau, et al., 1975Vertical value; LLK

Appearance energy determinations

Ion AE (eV) Other Products MethodReferenceComment
C+43. ± 1.?PIAu, Cooper, et al., 1993LL
C+20.3 ± 0.2CH4+H2EIPlessis and Marmet, 1987, 2LBLHLM
C+29.6 ± 0.2?EISuzuki and Maeda, 1977, 2LLK
CH+31. ± 1.?PIAu, Cooper, et al., 1993LL
CH+20.10 ± 0.08CH3+H2EIPlessis and Marmet, 1987, 2LBLHLM
CH+26.7 ± 0.5?EISuzuki and Maeda, 1977, 2LLK
CH2+25. ± 1.?PIAu, Cooper, et al., 1993LL
CH2+14.69 ± 0.05CH4EIPlessis and Marmet, 1987, 2LBLHLM
CH2+17. ± 2.?EIChatham, Hils, et al., 1984LBLHLM
CH2+17.3 ± 0.15?EISuzuki and Maeda, 1977, 2LLK
CH3+14. ± 1.CH3PIAu, Cooper, et al., 1993LL
CH3+13.65 ± 0.04CH3EIPlessis and Marmet, 1987, 2LBLHLM
CH3+13.56 ± 0.04CH3-EIPlessis and Marmet, 1987, 2LBLHLM
CH3+14. ± 2.CH3EIChatham, Hils, et al., 1984LBLHLM
CH3+14.1 ± 0.1?EISuzuki and Maeda, 1977, 2LLK
CH3+13.46 ± 0.05CH3EIWilliams and Hamill, 1968RDSH
CH4+20.4 ± 0.3?EISuzuki and Maeda, 1977, 2LLK
C2+40. ± 1.?PIAu, Cooper, et al., 1993LL
C2+22.9 ± 0.33H2EIPlessis and Marmet, 1987, 2LBLHLM
C2+31.5 ± 0.2?EISuzuki and Maeda, 1977, 2LLK
C2H+27. ± 1.?PIAu, Cooper, et al., 1993LL
C2H+22.4 ± 0.32H2+HEIPlessis and Marmet, 1987, 2LBLHLM
C2H+25.6 ± 0.2?EISuzuki and Maeda, 1977, 2LLK
C2H2+14. ± 1.2H2PIAu, Cooper, et al., 1993LL
C2H2+14.51 ± 0.042H2EIPlessis and Marmet, 1987, 2LBLHLM
C2H2+15. ± 1.?EIChatham, Hils, et al., 1984LBLHLM
C2H2+14.7 ± 0.1?EISuzuki and Maeda, 1977, 2LLK
C2H2+15.35 ± 0.502H2EID'Or, Collin, et al., 1966RDSH
C2H3+14. ± 1.H2+HPIAu, Cooper, et al., 1993LL
C2H3+13.76 ± 0.08H2+H-EIPlessis and Marmet, 1987, 2LBLHLM
C2H3+14.50 ± 0.04H2+HEIPlessis and Marmet, 1987, 2LBLHLM
C2H3+14.5 ± 0.4H2+HEIChatham, Hils, et al., 1984LBLHLM
C2H3+14.6 ± 0.1H2+HEISuzuki and Maeda, 1977, 2LLK
C2H3+15.22 ± 0.10H2+HEID'Or, Collin, et al., 1966RDSH
C2H4+11. ± 1.H2PIAu, Cooper, et al., 1993LL
C2H4+11.81 ± 0.05H2EIPlessis and Marmet, 1987, 2LBLHLM
C2H4+12.1 ± 0.4H2EIChatham, Hils, et al., 1984LBLHLM
C2H4+12.1 ± 0.1H2PIPECOBombach, Dannacher, et al., 1984T = 0K; LBLHLM
C2H4+12.1 ± 0.1H2EISuzuki and Maeda, 1977, 2LLK
C2H4+12.08 ± 0.03H2PIChupka and Berkowitz, 1967RDSH
C2H4+12.24 ± 0.10H2EID'Or, Collin, et al., 1966RDSH
C2H5+12. ± 1.HPIAu, Cooper, et al., 1993LL
C2H5+12.45 ± 0.008HEIPlessis and Marmet, 1987, 2LBLHLM
C2H5+12.1 ± 0.4HEIChatham, Hils, et al., 1984LBLHLM
C2H5+12.4 ± 0.1HPIPECOBombach, Dannacher, et al., 1984T = 0K; LBLHLM
C2H5+12.40HPITraeger and McLoughlin, 1981LLK
C2H5+12.0 ± 0.1HEISuzuki and Maeda, 1977, 2LLK
C2H5+12.66 ± 0.05HEIWilliams and Hamill, 1968RDSH
C2H5+12.00 ± 0.05H-PIChupka and Berkowitz, 1967RDSH
C2H5+12.65 ± 0.08HPIChupka and Berkowitz, 1967RDSH
H+21. ± 1.?PIAu, Cooper, et al., 1993LL
H+23.5 ± 0.5?EISuzuki and Maeda, 1977, 2LLK
H2+30. ± 1.?PIAu, Cooper, et al., 1993LL
H2+35.0 ± 0.5?EISuzuki and Maeda, 1977, 2LLK
H2+31. ± 1.C2H4+?EINewton, Sciamanna, et al., 1970RDSH
H3+33. ± 1.?PIAu, Cooper, et al., 1993LL
H3+32. ± 1.?EIFuchs, 1972LLK

De-protonation reactions

C2H5- + Hydrogen cation = Ethane

By formula: C2H5- + H+ = C2H6

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr420.1 ± 2.0kcal/molBranDePuy, Gronert, et al., 1989gas phase; B
Δr421.0 ± 2.0kcal/molBranDePuy, Bierbaum, et al., 1984gas phase; B
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr411.7 ± 2.1kcal/molH-TSDePuy, Gronert, et al., 1989gas phase; B

Mass spectrum (electron ionization)

Go To: Top, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Gas phase ion energetics data, References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled by: NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, William E. Wallace, director

Spectrum

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NIST MS number 23

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References

Go To: Top, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Witt and Kemp, 1937
Witt, R.K.; Kemp, J.D., The heat capacity of ethane from 15°K to the boiling point. The heat of fusion and the heat of vaporization, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1937, 59, 273-276. [all data]

Atake and Chihara, 1976
Atake, T.; Chihara, H., Calorimetric study of the phase changes in solid ethane, Chem. Lett., 1976, (7), 683-688. [all data]

Roder, 1976
Roder, H.M., The heats of transition of solid ethane, J. Chem. Phys., 1976, 65, 1371-1373. [all data]

Roder, 1976, 2
Roder, H.M., Measurements of the specific heats, Ca, and Cv, of dense gaseous and liquid ethane, J. Res., 1976, NBS 80A, 739-759. [all data]

Wiebe, Hubbard, et al., 1930
Wiebe, R.; Hubbard, K.H.; Brevoort, M.J., The heat capacity of saturated liquid ethane from the boiling point to the critical temperature and heat fusion of the solid, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1930, 52, 611-622. [all data]

Streng, 1971
Streng, A.G., Miscibility and Compatibility of Some Liquid and Solidified Gases at Low Temperature, J. Chem. Eng. Data, 1971, 16, 357. [all data]

Timmermans, 1935
Timmermans, J., Researches in Stoichiometry. I. The Heat of Fusion of Organic Compounds., Bull. Soc. Chim. Belg., 1935, 44, 17-40. [all data]

Younglove and Ely, 1987
Younglove, B.A.; Ely, J.F., Thermophysical Properties of Fluids II. Methane, Ethane, Propane, Isobutane, and Normal Butane, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 1987, 16, 577. [all data]

Majer and Svoboda, 1985
Majer, V.; Svoboda, V., Enthalpies of Vaporization of Organic Compounds: A Critical Review and Data Compilation, Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford, 1985, 300. [all data]

Stephenson and Malanowski, 1987
Stephenson, Richard M.; Malanowski, Stanislaw, Handbook of the Thermodynamics of Organic Compounds, 1987, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3173-2 . [all data]

Carruth and Kobayashi, 1973
Carruth, Grant F.; Kobayashi, Riki, Vapor pressure of normal paraffins ethane through n-decane from their triple points to about 10 mm mercury, J. Chem. Eng. Data, 1973, 18, 2, 115-126, https://doi.org/10.1021/je60057a009 . [all data]

Reid, 1972
Reid, Robert C., Handbook on vapor pressure and heats of vaporization of hydrocarbons and related compounds, R. C. Wilhort and B. J. Zwolinski, Texas A Research Foundation. College Station, Texas(1971). 329 pages.$10.00, AIChE J., 1972, 18, 6, 1278-1278, https://doi.org/10.1002/aic.690180637 . [all data]

Loomis and Walters, 1926
Loomis, A.G.; Walters, J.E., THE VAPOR PRESSURE OF ETHANE NEAR THE NORMAL BOILING POINT 1, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1926, 48, 8, 2051-2055, https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01419a006 . [all data]

Regnier, 1972
Regnier, J., J. Chim. Phys. Phys.-Chim. Biol., 1972, 69, 6, 942. [all data]

Bondi, 1963
Bondi, A., Heat of Siblimation of Molecular Crystals: A Catalog of Molecular Structure Increments., J. Chem. Eng. Data, 1963, 8, 3, 371-381, https://doi.org/10.1021/je60018a027 . [all data]

Domalski and Hearing, 1996
Domalski, Eugene S.; Hearing, Elizabeth D., Heat Capacities and Entropies of Organic Compounds in the Condensed Phase. Volume III, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 1996, 25, 1, 1, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.555985 . [all data]

Hunter and Lias, 1998
Hunter, E.P.; Lias, S.G., Evaluated Gas Phase Basicities and Proton Affinities of Molecules: An Update, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 1998, 27, 3, 413-656, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.556018 . [all data]

Au, Cooper, et al., 1993
Au, J.W.; Cooper, G.; Brion, C.E., The molecular and dissociative photoionization of ethane, propane, and n-butane: Absolute oscillator strengths (10-80 eV) and breakdown pathways, Chem. Phys., 1993, 173, 241. [all data]

Luo and Pacey, 1992
Luo, Y.-R.; Pacey, P.D., Effects of alkyl substitution on ionization energies of alkanes and haloalkanes and on heats of formation of their molecular cations. Part 2. Alkanes and chloro-, bromo- and iodoalkanes, Int. J. Mass Spectrom. Ion Processes, 1992, 112, 63. [all data]

Plessis and Marmet, 1987
Plessis, P.; Marmet, P., Electroionization study of ethane: structures in the ionization and appearance energy curves, Can. J. Chem., 1987, 65, 2004. [all data]

Plessis and Marmet, 1987, 2
Plessis, P.; Marmet, P., Electroionization study of ethane: Ionization and appearance energies, ion-pair formations and negative ions, Can. J. Chem., 1987, 65, 1424. [all data]

Chatham, Hils, et al., 1984
Chatham, H.; Hils, D.; Robertson, R.; Gallagher, A., Total and partial electron collisional ionization cross sections for CH4, C2H6, SiH4, and Si2H6, J. Chem. Phys., 1984, 81, 1770. [all data]

Suzuki and Maeda, 1977
Suzuki, I.H.; Maeda, K., Ionization efficiency curves of ethane by electron impact, Int. J. Mass Spectrom. Ion Phys., 1977, 24, 147. [all data]

Bieri, Burger, et al., 1977
Bieri, G.; Burger, F.; Heilbronner, E.; Maier, J.P., Valence ionization enrgies of hydrocarbons, Helv. Chim. Acta, 1977, 60, 2213. [all data]

Flesch and Svec, 1973
Flesch, G.D.; Svec, H.J., Fragmentation reactions in the mass spectrometer for C2-C5 alkanes, J. Chem. Soc. Faraday Trans. 2, 1973, 69, 1187. [all data]

Stockbauer and Inghram, 1971
Stockbauer, R.; Inghram, M.G., Experimental relative Franck-Condon factors for the ionization of methane, ethane, and propane, J. Chem. Phys., 1971, 54, 2242. [all data]

Dewar and Worley, 1969
Dewar, M.J.S.; Worley, S.D., Photoelectron spectra of molecules. I. Ionization potentials of some organic molecules and their interpretation, J. Chem. Phys., 1969, 50, 654. [all data]

Williams and Hamill, 1968
Williams, J.M.; Hamill, W.H., Ionization potentials of molecules and free radicals and appearance potentials by electron impact in the mass spectrometer, J. Chem. Phys., 1968, 49, 4467. [all data]

Cermak, 1968
Cermak, V., Penning ionization electron spectroscopy, Advan. Mass Spectrom., 1968, 4, 697. [all data]

Baker, Baker, et al., 1968
Baker, A.D.; Baker, C.; Brundle, C.R.; Turner, D.W., The electronic structures of methane, ethane, ethylene and formaldehyde studied by high-resolution molecular photoelectron spectroscopy, Intern. J. Mass Spectrom. Ion Phys., 1968, 1, 285. [all data]

Nicholson, 1965
Nicholson, A.J.C., Photoionization-efficiency curves. II. False and genuine structure, J. Chem. Phys., 1965, 43, 1171. [all data]

Kimura, Katsumata, et al., 1981
Kimura, K.; Katsumata, S.; Achiba, Y.; Yamazaki, T.; Iwata, S., Ionization energies, Ab initio assignments, and valence electronic structure for 200 molecules in Handbook of HeI Photoelectron Spectra of Fundamental Organic Compounds, Japan Scientific Soc. Press, Tokyo, 1981. [all data]

Bieri and Asbrink, 1980
Bieri, G.; Asbrink, L., 30.4-nm He(II) photoelectron spectra of organic molecules, J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom., 1980, 20, 149. [all data]

Doucet, Sauvageau, et al., 1975
Doucet, J.; Sauvageau, P.; Sandorfy, C., Photoelectron far-ultraviolet absorption spectra of chlorofluoro derivatives of ethane, J. Chem. Phys., 1975, 62, 355. [all data]

Suzuki and Maeda, 1977, 2
Suzuki, I.H.; Maeda, K., Behavior of hydrogen atoms in the fragmentation of CH3CD3, Can. J. Chem., 1977, 55, 3124. [all data]

D'Or, Collin, et al., 1966
D'Or, L.; Collin, J.E.; Longree, J., Ionisation et dissociation de l'ethane sous l'impact electronique. Spectres de masse et phenomenes d'echange dans C2H6, C2H5D, CH3CD3 et C2D6, Bull. Classe Sci. Acad. Roy. Belg., 1966, 52, 518. [all data]

Bombach, Dannacher, et al., 1984
Bombach, R.; Dannacher, J.; Stadelmann, J.-P., The rate/energy functions for the competitive fragmentation processes of ethylene and ethane cations, Int. J. Mass Spectrom. Ion Processes, 1984, 58, 217. [all data]

Chupka and Berkowitz, 1967
Chupka, W.A.; Berkowitz, J., Photoionization of ethane, propane, and n-butane with mass analysis, J. Chem. Phys., 1967, 47, 2921. [all data]

Traeger and McLoughlin, 1981
Traeger, J.C.; McLoughlin, R.G., Absolute heats of formation for gas phase cations, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1981, 103, 3647. [all data]

Newton, Sciamanna, et al., 1970
Newton, A.S.; Sciamanna, A.F.; Thomas, G.E., The occurrence of the H3+ ion in the mass spectra of organic compounds, Intern. J. Mass Spectrom. Ion Phys., 1970, 5, 465. [all data]

Fuchs, 1972
Fuchs, R., Die kinetische energie ionisierter molekulfragmente VII. H3 ALS fragmention bei der elektronenstrossionisierung von kohlenwasserstoffen, Int. J. Mass Spectrom. Ion Processes, 1972, 8, 193. [all data]

DePuy, Gronert, et al., 1989
DePuy, C.H.; Gronert, S.; Barlow, S.E.; Bierbaum, V.M.; Damrauer, R., The Gas Phase Acidities of the Alkanes, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1989, 111, 6, 1968, https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00188a003 . [all data]

DePuy, Bierbaum, et al., 1984
DePuy, C.H.; Bierbaum, V.M.; Damrauer, R., Relative Gas-Phase Acidities of the Alkanes, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1984, 106, 4051. [all data]


Notes

Go To: Top, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), References