o-Xylene
- Formula: C8H10
- Molecular weight: 106.1650
- IUPAC Standard InChIKey: CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N
- CAS Registry Number: 95-47-6
- Chemical structure:
This structure is also available as a 2d Mol file or as a computed 3d SD file
The 3d structure may be viewed using Java or Javascript. - Isotopologues:
- Other names: Benzene, 1,2-dimethyl-; o-Dimethylbenzene; o-Methyltoluene; o-Xylol; 1,2-Dimethylbenzene; 1,2-Xylene; 3,4-Xylene; ortho-Xylene; NSC 60920; 2-Methyltoluene; UN 1307; 1,2-dimethyl-benzene ( o-xylene)
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Condensed phase thermochemistry data
Go To: Top, Phase change data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), References, Notes
Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Data compiled as indicated in comments:
ALS - Hussein Y. Afeefy, Joel F. Liebman, and Stephen E. Stein
DH - Eugene S. Domalski and Elizabeth D. Hearing
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔfH°liquid | -24.4 ± 1.1 | kJ/mol | Ccb | Prosen, Gilmont, et al., 1945 | Hf by Prosen, Johnson, et al., 1946; ALS |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
ΔcH°liquid | -4551.48 ± 0.50 | kJ/mol | Cm | Coops, Mulder, et al., 1946 | Reanalyzed by Cox and Pilcher, 1970, Original value = -4549.68 ± 0.50 kJ/mol; Corresponding ΔfHºliquid = -25.7 kJ/mol (simple calculation by NIST; no Washburn corrections); ALS |
ΔcH°liquid | -4552.9 ± 1.0 | kJ/mol | Ccb | Prosen, Gilmont, et al., 1945 | Hf by Prosen, Johnson, et al., 1946; Corresponding ΔfHºliquid = -24.4 kJ/mol (simple calculation by NIST; no Washburn corrections); ALS |
ΔcH°liquid | -4567.6 | kJ/mol | Ccb | Richards and Barry, 1915 | At 291 K; Corresponding ΔfHºliquid = -9.6 kJ/mol (simple calculation by NIST; no Washburn corrections); ALS |
ΔcH°liquid | -4581.4 | kJ/mol | Ccb | Richards and Jesse, 1910 | At 293 K; Corresponding ΔfHºliquid = 4.2 kJ/mol (simple calculation by NIST; no Washburn corrections); ALS |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
S°liquid | 246.02 | J/mol*K | N/A | Pitzer and Scott, 1943 | DH |
S°liquid | 248.1 | J/mol*K | N/A | Huffman, Parks, et al., 1930 | Extrapolation below 90 K, 60.79 J/mol*K.; DH |
Constant pressure heat capacity of liquid
Cp,liquid (J/mol*K) | Temperature (K) | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|
187.653 | 298.15 | Fortier and Benson, 1979 | DH |
187.584 | 298.15 | Fortier and Benson, 1977 | DH |
206.7 | 347. | Swietoslawski and Zielenkiewicz, 1958 | Mean value 22 to 126 C.; DH |
187.0 | 298. | Kurbatov, 1947 | T = 15 to 132 C, mean Cp, three temperatures.; DH |
187.82 | 298.15 | Pitzer and Scott, 1943 | T = 14 to 301 K.; DH |
183.89 | 298.1 | Huffman, Parks, et al., 1930 | T = 90 to 295 K. Value is unsmoothed experimental datum.; DH |
182.4 | 303. | Willams and Daniels, 1924 | T = 303 to 348 K. Equation only.; DH |
Phase change data
Go To: Top, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), References, Notes
Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Data compiled as indicated in comments:
TRC - Thermodynamics Research Center, NIST Boulder Laboratories, Chris Muzny director
BS - Robert L. Brown and Stephen E. Stein
AC - William E. Acree, Jr., James S. Chickos
ALS - Hussein Y. Afeefy, Joel F. Liebman, and Stephen E. Stein
DRB - Donald R. Burgess, Jr.
DH - Eugene S. Domalski and Elizabeth D. Hearing
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Tboil | 417. ± 2. | K | AVG | N/A | Average of 50 out of 51 values; Individual data points |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
Tfus | 248. ± 2. | K | AVG | N/A | Average of 12 out of 13 values; Individual data points |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
Ttriple | 247.8 | K | N/A | Huffman, Parks, et al., 1930, 2 | Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.25 K; TRC |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
Tc | 631. ± 3. | K | AVG | N/A | Average of 11 out of 12 values; Individual data points |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
Pc | 37. ± 5. | bar | AVG | N/A | Average of 7 values; Individual data points |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
Vc | 0.370 | l/mol | N/A | Tsonopoulos and Ambrose, 1995 | |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
ρc | 2.70 ± 0.04 | mol/l | N/A | Tsonopoulos and Ambrose, 1995 | |
ρc | 2.699 | mol/l | N/A | Akhundov and Imanov, 1970 | Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.05 mol/l; TRC |
ρc | 2.710 | mol/l | N/A | Simon, 1957 | Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.04 mol/l; TRC |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
ΔvapH° | 42. ± 5. | kJ/mol | AVG | N/A | Average of 9 values; Individual data points |
Enthalpy of vaporization
ΔvapH (kJ/mol) | Temperature (K) | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|
36.24 | 417.6 | N/A | Majer and Svoboda, 1985 | |
41.1 | 348. | A | Stephenson and Malanowski, 1987 | Based on data from 333. to 419. K.; AC |
38.0 | 431. | A | Stephenson and Malanowski, 1987 | Based on data from 416. to 473. K.; AC |
36.7 | 486. | A | Stephenson and Malanowski, 1987 | Based on data from 471. to 571. K.; AC |
36.7 | 582. | A | Stephenson and Malanowski, 1987 | Based on data from 567. to 630. K.; AC |
39.8 | 401. | N/A | Castellari, Francesconi, et al., 1982 | Based on data from 386. to 416. K.; AC |
40.8 | 352. | MM | Willingham, Taylor, et al., 1945 | Based on data from 337. to 419. K. See also Forziati, Norris, et al., 1949.; AC |
45.0 | 288. | N/A | Pitzer and Scott, 1943 | Based on data from 273. to 323. K. See also Boublik, Fried, et al., 1984.; AC |
Antoine Equation Parameters
log10(P) = A − (B / (T + C))
P = vapor pressure (bar)
T = temperature (K)
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Temperature (K) | A | B | C | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
336.61 to 418.52 | 4.12928 | 1478.244 | -59.076 | Williamham, Taylor, et al., 1945 | Coefficents calculated by NIST from author's data. |
273. to 323. | 4.93755 | 1901.373 | -26.268 | Pitzer and Scott, 1943 | Coefficents calculated by NIST from author's data. |
Enthalpy of sublimation
ΔsubH (kJ/mol) | Temperature (K) | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|
60.1 | 248. | B | Hessler and Lichtenstein, 1986 | AC |
Enthalpy of fusion
ΔfusH (kJ/mol) | Temperature (K) | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|
13.598 | 247.82 | Pitzer and Scott, 1943 | DH |
13.6 | 247.8 | Domalski and Hearing, 1996 | AC |
Entropy of fusion
ΔfusS (J/mol*K) | Temperature (K) | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|
54.87 | 247.82 | Pitzer and Scott, 1943 | DH |
Enthalpy of phase transition
ΔHtrs (kJ/mol) | Temperature (K) | Initial Phase | Final Phase | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
0.031 | 208. | crystaline, II | crystaline, I | Huffman, Parks, et al., 1930 | DH |
13.037 | 247.8 | crystaline, I | liquid | Huffman, Parks, et al., 1930 | DH |
Entropy of phase transition
ΔStrs (J/mol*K) | Temperature (K) | Initial Phase | Final Phase | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
0.15 | 208. | crystaline, II | crystaline, I | Huffman, Parks, et al., 1930 | DH |
52.61 | 247.8 | crystaline, I | liquid | Huffman, Parks, et al., 1930 | DH |
Gas phase ion energetics data
Go To: Top, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), References, Notes
Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Data evaluated as indicated in comments:
HL - Edward P. Hunter and Sharon G. Lias
L - Sharon G. Lias
Data compiled as indicated in comments:
MM - Michael M. Meot-Ner (Mautner)
LBLHLM - Sharon G. Lias, John E. Bartmess, Joel F. Liebman, John L. Holmes, Rhoda D. Levin, and W. Gary Mallard
LLK - Sharon G. Lias, Rhoda D. Levin, and Sherif A. Kafafi
RDSH - Henry M. Rosenstock, Keith Draxl, Bruce W. Steiner, and John T. Herron
View reactions leading to C8H10+ (ion structure unspecified)
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
IE (evaluated) | 8.56 ± 0.04 | eV | N/A | N/A | L |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
Proton affinity (review) | 796.0 | kJ/mol | N/A | Hunter and Lias, 1998 | HL |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
Gas basicity | 768.3 | kJ/mol | N/A | Hunter and Lias, 1998 | HL |
Proton affinity at 298K
Proton affinity (kJ/mol) | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|
791.2 | Aue, Guidoni, et al., 2000 | Experimental literature data re-evaluated by the authors using ab initio protonation entropies; MM |
793.5 ± 1.7 | Fernandez, Jennings, et al., 1989 | T = 370 - 750K; Reference Sprot(CH3)2O = 16.5 J/mol K in Hunter and Lias, 1998 needs to be re-evaluated; MM |
Gas basicity at 298K
Gas basicity (review) (kJ/mol) | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|
765.3 | Aue, Guidoni, et al., 2000 | Experimental literature data re-evaluated by the authors using ab initio protonation entropies; MM |
772.1 ± 2.2 | Fernandez, Jennings, et al., 1989 | T = 370 - 750K; Reference Sprot(CH3)2O = 16.5 J/mol K in Hunter and Lias, 1998 needs to be re-evaluated; MM |
Protonation entropy at 298K
Protonation entropy (J/mol*K) | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|
36.9 | Fernandez, Jennings, et al., 1989 | T = 370 - 750K; Reference Sprot(CH3)2O = 16.5 J/mol K in Hunter and Lias, 1998 needs to be re-evaluated; MM |
Ionization energy determinations
IE (eV) | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|
8.56 ± 0.01 | EQ | Lias and Ausloos, 1978 | LLK |
8.85 ± 0.05 | EI | Loudon and Mazengo, 1974 | LLK |
8.45 ± 0.02 | PE | Maier and Turner, 1973 | LLK |
8.70 | CTS | Kobayashi, Kobayashi, et al., 1973 | LLK |
8.6 ± 0.1 | EI | Gilbert, Leach, et al., 1973 | LLK |
8.61 | CTS | Pitt, 1970 | RDSH |
8.555 | PI | Bralsford, Harris, et al., 1960 | RDSH |
8.56 ± 0.01 | PI | Watanabe, 1957 | RDSH |
8.56 ± 0.02 | PI | Vilesov and Terenin, 1957 | RDSH |
8.58 ± 0.01 | S | Hammond, Price, et al., 1950 | RDSH |
8.56 | PE | Howell, Goncalves, et al., 1984 | Vertical value; LBLHLM |
8.57 ± 0.03 | PE | Heilbronner, Hoshi, et al., 1976 | Vertical value; LLK |
8.57 | PE | Brogli, Giovannini, et al., 1973 | Vertical value; LLK |
8.75 ± 0.03 | PE | Klessinger, 1972 | Vertical value; LLK |
Appearance energy determinations
Ion | AE (eV) | Other Products | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
C7H7+ | 11.8 ± 0.2 | CH3 | EI | Loudon and Mazengo, 1974 | LLK |
C7H7+ | 11.10 ± 0.05 | CH3 | PI | Akopyan and Vilesov, 1968 | RDSH |
C7H7+ | 11.2 ± 0.1 | CH3 | EI | Nounou, 1966 | RDSH |
C8H9+ | 12.1 ± 0.2 | H | EI | Loudon and Mazengo, 1974 | LLK |
C8H9+ | 11.30 ± 0.05 | H | PI | Akopyan and Vilesov, 1968 | RDSH |
Mass spectrum (electron ionization)
Go To: Top, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Gas phase ion energetics data, References, Notes
Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Data compiled by: NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, William E. Wallace, director
Spectrum
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Additional Data
View image of digitized spectrum (can be printed in landscape orientation).
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Owner | NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center Collection (C) 2014 copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the United States of America. All rights reserved. |
---|---|
Origin | NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, 1998. |
NIST MS number | 291483 |
References
Go To: Top, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), Notes
Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Prosen, Gilmont, et al., 1945
Prosen, E.J.; Gilmont, R.; Rossini, F.D.,
Heats of combustion of benzene, toluene, ethyl-benzene, o-xylene, m-xylene, p-xylene, n-propylbenzene, and styrene,
J. Res. NBS, 1945, 34, 65-70. [all data]
Prosen, Johnson, et al., 1946
Prosen, E.J.; Johnson, W.H.; Rossini, F.D.,
Heats of combustion and formation at 25°C of the alkylbenzenes through C10H14, and of the higher normal monoalkylbenzenes,
J. Res. NBS, 1946, 36, 455-461. [all data]
Coops, Mulder, et al., 1946
Coops, J.; Mulder, D.; Dienske, J.W.; Smittenberg, J.,
The heats of combustion of a number of hydrocarbons,
Rec. Trav. Chim. Pays/Bas, 1946, 65, 128. [all data]
Cox and Pilcher, 1970
Cox, J.D.; Pilcher, G.,
Thermochemistry of Organic and Organometallic Compounds, Academic Press, New York, 1970, 1-636. [all data]
Richards and Barry, 1915
Richards, T.W.; Barry, F.,
The heats of combustion of aromatic hydrocarbons and hexamethylene,
J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1915, 37, 993-1020. [all data]
Richards and Jesse, 1910
Richards, T.W.; Jesse, R.H., Jr.,
The heats of combustion of the octanes and xylenes,
J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1910, 32, 268-298. [all data]
Pitzer and Scott, 1943
Pitzer, K.S.; Scott, D.W.,
The thermodynamics and molecular structure of benzene and its methyl derivatives,
J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1943, 65, 803-829. [all data]
Huffman, Parks, et al., 1930
Huffman, H.M.; Parks, G.S.; Daniels, A.C.,
Thermal data on organic compounds. VII. The heat capacities, entropies and free energies of twelve aromatic hydrocarbons,
J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1930, 52, 1547-1558. [all data]
Fortier and Benson, 1979
Fortier, J.-L.; Benson, G.C.,
Heat capacities of some binary aromatic hydrocarbon mixtures containing benzene or toluene,
J. Chem. Eng. Data, 1979, 24(1), 34-37. [all data]
Fortier and Benson, 1977
Fortier, J.-L.; Benson, G.C.,
Excess heat capacities of binary mixtures of tetrachloromethane witlh some aromatic liquids at 298.15 K,
J. Chem. Thermodynam., 1977, 9, 1181-1188. [all data]
Swietoslawski and Zielenkiewicz, 1958
Swietoslawski, W.; Zielenkiewicz, A.,
Mean specific heats of binary positive azeotropes,
Bull. Acad. Pol. Sci. Ser. Sci. Chim., 1958, 6, 367-369. [all data]
Kurbatov, 1947
Kurbatov, V.Ya.,
Specific heat of liquids. I. Specific heat of benzenoid hydrocarbons,
Zhur. Obshch. Khim., 1947, 17, 1999-2003. [all data]
Willams and Daniels, 1924
Willams, J.W.; Daniels, F.,
The specific heats of certain organic liquids at elevated temperatures,
J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1924, 46, 903-917. [all data]
Huffman, Parks, et al., 1930, 2
Huffman, H.M.; Parks, G.S.; Daniels, A.C.,
Thermal Data on Organic Compounds: VII The Heat Capacities, Entropies and Free Energies of Twelve Aromatic Hydrocarbons,
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Tsonopoulos and Ambrose, 1995
Tsonopoulos, C.; Ambrose, D.,
Vapor-Liquid Critical Properties of Elements and Compounds. 3. Aromatic Hydrocarbons,
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Akhundov and Imanov, 1970
Akhundov, T.S.; Imanov, Sh.Yu.,
Teplofiz. Svoistva Zhidk., 1970, 1970, 48-55. [all data]
Simon, 1957
Simon, M.,
Methods and Apparatus Used at the Bureau of Physicochemical Standards XV. Critical Constants and Straight-Line Diameters of Ten Hydrocarbons,
Bull. Soc. Chim. Belg., 1957, 66, 375-81. [all data]
Majer and Svoboda, 1985
Majer, V.; Svoboda, V.,
Enthalpies of Vaporization of Organic Compounds: A Critical Review and Data Compilation, Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford, 1985, 300. [all data]
Stephenson and Malanowski, 1987
Stephenson, Richard M.; Malanowski, Stanislaw,
Handbook of the Thermodynamics of Organic Compounds, 1987, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3173-2
. [all data]
Castellari, Francesconi, et al., 1982
Castellari, Carlo; Francesconi, Romolo; Comelli, Fabio,
Vapor-liquid equilibriums in binary systems containing 1,3-dioxolane at isobaric conditions. 3. Binary mixtures of 1,3-dioxolane with o-, m-, and p-xylenes,
J. Chem. Eng. Data, 1982, 27, 2, 156-158, https://doi.org/10.1021/je00028a017
. [all data]
Willingham, Taylor, et al., 1945
Willingham, C.B.; Taylor, W.J.; Pignocco, J.M.; Rossini, F.D.,
Vapor pressures and boiling points of some paraffin, alkylcyclopentane, alkylcyclohexane, and alkylbenzene hydrocarbons,
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. [all data]
Forziati, Norris, et al., 1949
Forziati, Alphonse F.; Norris, William R.; Rossini, Frederick D.,
Vapor pressures and boiling points of sixty API-NBS hydrocarbons,
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. [all data]
Boublik, Fried, et al., 1984
Boublik, T.; Fried, V.; Hala, E.,
The Vapour Pressures of Pure Substances: Selected Values of the Temperature Dependence of the Vapour Pressures of Some Pure Substances in the Normal and Low Pressure Region, 2nd ed., Elsevier, New York, 1984, 972. [all data]
Williamham, Taylor, et al., 1945
Williamham, C.B.; Taylor, W.J.; Pignocco, J.M.; Rossini, F.D.,
Vapor Pressures and Boiling Points of Some Paraffin, Alkylcyclopentane, Alkylcyclohexane, and Alkylbenzene Hydrocarbons,
J. Res. Natl. Bur. Stand. (U.S.), 1945, 35, 3, 219-244, https://doi.org/10.6028/jres.035.009
. [all data]
Hessler and Lichtenstein, 1986
Hessler, W.; Lichtenstein, W.,
Wiss. Zeitschr. Wilhelm-Pieck-Univ. Rostock, Naturwiss. Reihe, 1986, 35, 7, 27. [all data]
Domalski and Hearing, 1996
Domalski, Eugene S.; Hearing, Elizabeth D.,
Heat Capacities and Entropies of Organic Compounds in the Condensed Phase. Volume III,
J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 1996, 25, 1, 1, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.555985
. [all data]
Hunter and Lias, 1998
Hunter, E.P.; Lias, S.G.,
Evaluated Gas Phase Basicities and Proton Affinities of Molecules: An Update,
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. [all data]
Aue, Guidoni, et al., 2000
Aue, D.H.; Guidoni, M.; Betowski, L.D.,
Ab initio calculated gas-phase basicities of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons,
Int. J. Mass Spectrom., 2000, 201, 283. [all data]
Fernandez, Jennings, et al., 1989
Fernandez, T.; Jennings, K.R.; Mason, R.S.,
Gas-phase proton transfer reactions in xylene-dimethyl ether mixtures,
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Lias and Ausloos, 1978
Lias, S.G.; Ausloos, P.J.,
eIonization energies of organic compounds by equilibrium measurements,
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Loudon and Mazengo, 1974
Loudon, A.G.; Mazengo, R.Z.,
Steric strain and electron-impact. The behaviour of some n, n'-dimethyl- 1,1-binaphthyls, some n, n'-dimethylbiphenyls and model compounds,
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Maier and Turner, 1973
Maier, J.P.; Turner, D.W.,
Steric inhibition of resonance studied by molecular photoelectron spectroscopy. Part 2. Phenylethylenes,
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Kobayashi, Kobayashi, et al., 1973
Kobayashi, H.; Kobayashi, M.; Kaizu, Y.,
Molecular complexes of arenetricarbonylchromium,
Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn., 1973, 46, 3109. [all data]
Gilbert, Leach, et al., 1973
Gilbert, J.R.; Leach, W.P.; Miller, J.R.,
Ionisation appearance potential measurements in arene chromium tricarbonyls,
J. Organomet. Chem., 1973, 49, 219. [all data]
Pitt, 1970
Pitt, C.G.,
Hyperconjugation: An alternative to the concept of the pπ-dπ bond in Group IV chemistry,
J. Organomet. Chem., 1970, 23, 35. [all data]
Bralsford, Harris, et al., 1960
Bralsford, R.; Harris, P.V.; Price, W.C.,
The effect of fluorine on the electronic spectra and ionization potentials of molecules,
Proc. Roy. Soc. (London), 1960, A258, 459. [all data]
Watanabe, 1957
Watanabe, K.,
Ionization potentials of some molecules,
J. Chem. Phys., 1957, 26, 542. [all data]
Vilesov and Terenin, 1957
Vilesov, F.I.; Terenin, A.N.,
The photoionization of the vapors of certain organic compounds,
Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR, 1957, 115, 744, In original 539. [all data]
Hammond, Price, et al., 1950
Hammond, V.J.; Price, W.C.; Teegan, J.P.; Walsh, A.D.,
The absorption spectra of some substituted benzenes and naphthalenes in the vacuum ultra-violet,
Faraday Discuss. Chem. Soc., 1950, 9, 53. [all data]
Howell, Goncalves, et al., 1984
Howell, J.O.; Goncalves, J.M.; Amatore, C.; Klasinc, L.; Wightman, R.M.; Kochi, J.K.,
Electron transfer from aromatic hydrocarbons and their π-complexes with metals. Comparison of the standard oxidation potentials and vertical ionization potentials,
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Heilbronner, Hoshi, et al., 1976
Heilbronner, E.; Hoshi, T.; von Rosenberg, J.L.; Hafner, K.,
Alkyl-induced, natural hypsochromic shifts of the 2A←2X and 2B←2X transitions of azulene and naphthalene radical cations,
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Brogli, Giovannini, et al., 1973
Brogli, F.; Giovannini, E.; Heilbronner, E.; Schurter, R.,
Die photoelektronen spektren der benzocycloalkene,
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Klessinger, 1972
Klessinger, M.,
Ionization potentials of substituted benzenes,
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Akopyan and Vilesov, 1968
Akopyan, M.E.; Vilesov, F.I.,
Mass-spectrometric investigation of the photo-ionization of benzene and its methyl derivatives,
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Nounou, 1966
Nounou, P.,
Etude des composes aromatiques par spectrometrie de masse. I. Mesure des potentials d'ionisation et d'apparition par la methode du potential retardateur et interpretation des courbes d'ionisation differentielle,
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Notes
Go To: Top, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), References
- Symbols used in this document:
AE Appearance energy Cp,liquid Constant pressure heat capacity of liquid IE (evaluated) Recommended ionization energy Pc Critical pressure S°liquid Entropy of liquid at standard conditions Tboil Boiling point Tc Critical temperature Tfus Fusion (melting) point Ttriple Triple point temperature Vc Critical volume ΔHtrs Enthalpy of phase transition ΔStrs Entropy of phase transition ΔcH°liquid Enthalpy of combustion of liquid at standard conditions ΔfH°liquid Enthalpy of formation of liquid at standard conditions ΔfusH Enthalpy of fusion ΔfusS Entropy of fusion ΔsubH Enthalpy of sublimation ΔvapH Enthalpy of vaporization ΔvapH° Enthalpy of vaporization at standard conditions ρc Critical density - Data from NIST Standard Reference Database 69: NIST Chemistry WebBook
- The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) uses its best efforts to deliver a high quality copy of the Database and to verify that the data contained therein have been selected on the basis of sound scientific judgment. However, NIST makes no warranties to that effect, and NIST shall not be liable for any damage that may result from errors or omissions in the Database.
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