Ethanol

• Formula: C₂H₆O
• Molecular weight: 46.0684
• IUPAC Standard InChI: InChI=1S/C2H6O/c1-2-3/h3H,2H2,1H3 Copy

  
• IUPAC Standard InChIKey: LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copy
• CAS Registry Number: 64-17-5
• Chemical structure:
  This structure is also available as a 2d Mol file or as a computed 3d SD file
  The 3d structure may be viewed using Java or Javascript.
• Isotopologues:
  • [2H6]ethanol
  • Ethanol-d1
  • C2H3D3O
  • Ethanol-d5
  • Ethanol-1,1-d2
• Other names: Ethyl alcohol; Alcohol; Alcohol anhydrous; Algrain; Anhydrol; Denatured ethanol; Ethyl hydrate; Ethyl hydroxide; Jaysol; Jaysol S; Methylcarbinol; SD Alchol 23-hydrogen; Tecsol; C2H5OH; Absolute ethanol; Cologne spirit; Fermentation alcohol; Grain alcohol; Molasses alcohol; Potato alcohol; Aethanol; Aethylalkohol; Alcohol, dehydrated; Alcool ethylique; Alcool etilico; Alkohol; Cologne spirits; Denatured alcohol CD-10; Denatured alcohol CD-5; Denatured alcohol CD-5a; Denatured alcohol SD-1; Denatured alcohol SD-13a; Denatured alcohol SD-17; Denatured alcohol SD-23a; Denatured alcohol SD-28; Denatured alcohol SD-3a; Denatured alcohol SD-30; Denatured alcohol SD-39b; Denatured alcohol SD-39c; Denatured alcohol SD-40m; Etanolo; Ethanol 200 proof; Ethyl alc; Etylowy alkohol; EtOH; NCI-C03134; Spirits of wine; Spirt; Alkoholu etylowego; Ethyl alcohol anhydrous; SD alcohol 23-hydrogen; UN 1170; Tecsol C; Alcare Hand Degermer; Absolute alcohol; Denatured alcohol; Ethanol, silent spirit; Ethylol; Punctilious ethyl alcohol; SD 3A
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• Information on this page:
  • Phase change data
  • Gas phase ion energetics data
  • Mass spectrum (electron ionization)
  • References
  • Notes
• Other data available:
  • Gas phase thermochemistry data
  • Condensed phase thermochemistry data
  • Reaction thermochemistry data: reactions 1 to 50, reactions 51 to 77
  • Henry's Law data
  • Ion clustering data
  • IR Spectrum
  • Gas Chromatography
• Data at other public NIST sites:
  • Gas Phase Kinetics Database
  • X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy Database, version 5.0
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Phase change data

Go To: Top, Gas phase ion energetics data, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
TRC - Thermodynamics Research Center, NIST Boulder Laboratories, Chris Muzny director
BS - Robert L. Brown and Stephen E. Stein
DH - Eugene S. Domalski and Elizabeth D. Hearing
AC - William E. Acree, Jr., James S. Chickos
ALS - Hussein Y. Afeefy, Joel F. Liebman, and Stephen E. Stein
DRB - Donald R. Burgess, Jr.
CAL - James S. Chickos, William E. Acree, Jr., Joel F. Liebman, Students of Chem 202 (Introduction to the Literature of Chemistry), University of Missouri -- St. Louis

Enthalpy of vaporization

Enthalpy of vaporization

Δ_vapH = A exp(-αT_r) (1 − T_r)^β
    Δ_vapH = Enthalpy of vaporization (at saturation pressure) (kJ/mol)
    T_r = reduced temperature (T / T_c)

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Antoine Equation Parameters

log₁₀(P) = A − (B / (T + C))
    P = vapor pressure (bar)
    T = temperature (K)

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Enthalpy of fusion

Entropy of fusion

Entropy of fusion

Enthalpy of phase transition

Entropy of phase transition

Gas phase ion energetics data

Go To: Top, Phase change data, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data evaluated as indicated in comments:
HL - Edward P. Hunter and Sharon G. Lias
L - Sharon G. Lias

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
B - John E. Bartmess
MM - Michael M. Meot-Ner (Mautner)
LL - Sharon G. Lias and Joel F. Liebman
LBLHLM - Sharon G. Lias, John E. Bartmess, Joel F. Liebman, John L. Holmes, Rhoda D. Levin, and W. Gary Mallard
LLK - Sharon G. Lias, Rhoda D. Levin, and Sherif A. Kafafi
RDSH - Henry M. Rosenstock, Keith Draxl, Bruce W. Steiner, and John T. Herron

View reactions leading to C₂H₆O⁺ (ion structure unspecified)

Proton affinity at 298K

Ionization energy determinations

Appearance energy determinations

De-protonation reactions

C₂H₅O^- +  =

By formula: C₂H₅O^- + H⁺ = C₂H₆O

Anion protonation reactions

C₂H₅O^- +  =

By formula: C₂H₅O^- + H⁺ = C₂H₆O

Mass spectrum (electron ionization)

Go To: Top, Phase change data, Gas phase ion energetics data, References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled by: NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, William E. Wallace, director

Spectrum

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Additional Data

References

Go To: Top, Phase change data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Gude and Teja, 1995
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Majer, V.; Svoboda, V., Enthalpies of Vaporization of Organic Compounds: A Critical Review and Data Compilation, Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford, 1985, 300. [all data]

Mejia, Segura, et al., 2010
Mejia, Andres; Segura, Hugo; Cartes, Marcela, Vapor-Liquid Equilibria and Interfacial Tensions of the System Ethanol + 2-Methoxy-2-methylpropane, J. Chem. Eng. Data, 2010, 55, 1, 428-434, https://doi.org/10.1021/je9004068 . [all data]

Aucejo, Loras, et al., 1999
Aucejo, Antonio; Loras, Sonia; Muñoz, Rosa; Ordoñez, Luis Miguel, Isobaric vapor--liquid equilibrium for binary mixtures of 2-methylpentane+ethanol and +2-methyl-2-propanol, Fluid Phase Equilibria, 1999, 156, 1-2, 173-183, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-3812(99)00029-1 . [all data]

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Ortega, Juan; Susial, Pedro; De Alfonso, Casiano, Isobaric vapor-liquid equilibrium of methyl butanoate with ethanol and 1-propanol binary systems, J. Chem. Eng. Data, 1990, 35, 2, 216-219, https://doi.org/10.1021/je00060a037 . [all data]

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Dong, Jin-Quan; Lin, Rui-Sen; Yen, Wen-Hsing, Heats of vaporization and gaseous molar heat capacities of ethanol and the binary mixture of ethanol and benzene, Can. J. Chem., 1988, 66, 4, 783-790, https://doi.org/10.1139/v88-136 . [all data]

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Ambrose, D.; Sprake, C.H.S.; Townsend, R., Thermodynamic Properties of Organic Oxygen Compounds. XXXVII. Vapour Pressures of Methanol, Ethanol, Pentan-1-ol, and Octan-1-ol from the Normal Boiling Temperature to the Critical Temperature, J. Chem. Thermodyn., 1975, 7, 2, 185-190, https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9614(75)90267-0 . [all data]

Ambrose and Sprake, 1970
Ambrose, D.; Sprake, C.H.S., Thermodynamic properties of organic oxygen compounds XXV. Vapour pressures and normal boiling temperatures of aliphatic alcohols, The Journal of Chemical Thermodynamics, 1970, 2, 5, 631-645, https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9614(70)90038-8 . [all data]

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Gibson, G.E.; Parks, G.S.; Latimer, W.M., Entropy changes at low temperatures. II. Ethyl and propyl alcohols and their equal molal mixture, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1920, 42, 1542-1550. [all data]

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Domalski, Eugene S.; Hearing, Elizabeth D., Heat Capacities and Entropies of Organic Compounds in the Condensed Phase. Volume III, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 1996, 25, 1, 1, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.555985 . [all data]

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Ramond, Davico, et al., 2000
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Haas, M.J.; Harrison, A.G., The Fragmentation of Proton-Bound Cluster Ions and the Gas-Phase Acidities of Alcohols, Int. J. Mass Spectrom. Ion Proc., 1993, 124, 2, 115, https://doi.org/10.1016/0168-1176(93)80003-W . [all data]

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DeTuri, V.F.; Ervin, K.M., Competitive threshold collision-induced dissociation: Gas-phase acidities and bond dissociation energies for a series of alcohols, J. Phys. Chem. A, 1999, 103, 35, 6911-6920, https://doi.org/10.1021/jp991459m . [all data]

Notes

Go To: Top, Phase change data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), References

• Symbols used in this document:
  

  AE	Appearance energy
  IE (evaluated)	Recommended ionization energy
  Pc	Critical pressure
  Tboil	Boiling point
  Tc	Critical temperature
  Tfus	Fusion (melting) point
  Ttriple	Triple point temperature
  Vc	Critical volume
  ΔHtrs	Enthalpy of phase transition
  ΔStrs	Entropy of phase transition
  ΔfusH	Enthalpy of fusion
  ΔfusS	Entropy of fusion
  ΔrG°	Free energy of reaction at standard conditions
  ΔrH°	Enthalpy of reaction at standard conditions
  ΔvapH	Enthalpy of vaporization
  ΔvapH°	Enthalpy of vaporization at standard conditions
  ρc	Critical density

• Data from NIST Standard Reference Database 69: NIST Chemistry WebBook
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