Ethane, 1,1,1-trichloro-
- Formula: C2H3Cl3
- Molecular weight: 133.404
- IUPAC Standard InChI: InChI=1S/C2H3Cl3/c1-2(3,4)5/h1H3
- IUPAC Standard InChIKey: UOCLXMDMGBRAIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N
- CAS Registry Number: 71-55-6
- Chemical structure:
This structure is also available as a 2d Mol file or as a computed 3d SD file
The 3d structure may be viewed using Java or Javascript. - Species with the same structure:
- Other names: α-Trichloroethane; Aerothene TT; Chlorotene; Chlorothane NU; Chlorothene; Chlorothene NU; Chlorothene VG; Chlorten; Inhibisol; Methylchloroform; Methyltrichloromethane; Trichloroethane; 1,1,1-Trichloroethane; CH3CCl3; α-T; Chloroethene NU; Chloroform, methyl-; NCI-C04626; Solvent 111; Trichloro-1,1,1-ethane; 1,1,1-Trichloraethan; 1,1,1-Tricloroetano; CF 2; Chloroetene; Chloroethene; Chlorothene SM; Ethana NU; ICI-CF 2; Rcra waste number U226; Tafclean; 1,1,1-TCE; Trichloromethylmethane; Tri-ethane; UN 2831; 1,1,1-Trichlorethane; Distillex DS1; Ethana; Solvethane; Cleanite; F 140a; Genklene LB; HCC 140a; Three One A; Three One S
- Information on this page:
- Other data available:
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Gas phase thermochemistry data
Go To: Top, Reaction thermochemistry data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Gas Chromatography, References, Notes
Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Data compiled as indicated in comments:
DRB - Donald R. Burgess, Jr.
ALS - Hussein Y. Afeefy, Joel F. Liebman, and Stephen E. Stein
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ΔfH°gas | -145. ± 2. | kJ/mol | Review | Manion, 2002 | derived from recommended ΔfHliquid° and ΔvapH°; DRB |
| ΔfH°gas | -144.4 ± 1.6 | kJ/mol | Ccb | Hu, Sinke, et al., 1972 | Reanalyzed by Cox and Pilcher, 1970, Original value = -146.0 ± 0.84 kJ/mol; see Hu and Sinke, 1969; ALS |
| ΔfH°gas | -142.3 ± 1.4 | kJ/mol | Ccr | Mansson, Ringner, et al., 1971 | ALS |
Reaction thermochemistry data
Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Gas Chromatography, References, Notes
Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Data compiled by: Hussein Y. Afeefy, Joel F. Liebman, and Stephen E. Stein
Note: Please consider using the reaction search for this species. This page allows searching of all reactions involving this species. A general reaction search form is also available. Future versions of this site may rely on reaction search pages in place of the enumerated reaction displays seen below.
Individual Reactions
=
+
By formula: C2H3Cl3 = C2H2Cl2 + HCl
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ΔrH° | 56.9 | kJ/mol | Eqk | Levanova, Bushneva, et al., 1979 | liquid phase |
| ΔrH° | 49.0 | kJ/mol | Eqk | Levanova, Bushneva, et al., 1979 | gas phase |
| ΔrH° | 56.9 ± 2.1 | kJ/mol | Eqk | Levanova, Treger, et al., 1975 | liquid phase; solvent: Nitrobenzene; Flow reactor at 50°C |
+
=
By formula: C2H2Cl2 + HCl = C2H3Cl3
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ΔrH° | -54.64 ± 0.84 | kJ/mol | Eqk | Hu, Sinke, et al., 1972 | gas phase; Heat of halogenation at 348-399 K |
=
By formula: C2H3Cl3 = C2H3Cl3
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ΔrH° | 8.4 | kJ/mol | Ciso | Levanova, Treger, et al., 1975, 2 | gas phase |
Gas phase ion energetics data
Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Gas Chromatography, References, Notes
Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Data compiled as indicated in comments:
LLK - Sharon G. Lias, Rhoda D. Levin, and Sherif A. Kafafi
LL - Sharon G. Lias and Joel F. Liebman
Ionization energy determinations
| IE (eV) | Method | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|
| 11.0 | PE | Katsumata and Kimura, 1975 | LLK |
| 11.25 | PE | Katsumata and Kimura, 1975 | Vertical value; LLK |
Appearance energy determinations
| Ion | AE (eV) | Other Products | Method | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CCl3+ | 11.78 | CH3 | EI | Hop, Holmes, et al., 1988 | LL |
Gas Chromatography
Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Gas phase ion energetics data, References, Notes
Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Data compiled by: NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, William E. Wallace, director
Kovats' RI, non-polar column, isothermal
| Column type | Active phase | Temperature (C) | I | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Capillary | OV-1 | 70. | 637. | Annino and Villalobos, 1999 | 22.6 m/0.53 mm/2.78 μm |
| Capillary | DB-1 | 60. | 639. | Dewulf, Van Langenhove, et al., 1997 | 30. m/0.53 mm/5.0 μm, He |
| Capillary | OV-1 | 50. | 637. | Villalobos, 1995 | 30. m/0.32 mm/0.96 μm |
| Packed | OV-1 | 100. | 646. | Castello and Gerbino, 1988 | He, Chromosorb W DMCS; Column length: 3. m |
| Packed | OV-1 | 125. | 651. | Castello and Gerbino, 1988 | He, Chromosorb W DMCS; Column length: 3. m |
| Packed | OV-1 | 75. | 640. | Castello and Gerbino, 1988 | He, Chromosorb W DMCS; Column length: 3. m |
| Packed | SE-30 | 100. | 650. | Winskowski, 1983 | Gaschrom Q; Column length: 2. m |
| Packed | Porapack Q | 200. | 621. | Goebel, 1982 | N2 |
Kovats' RI, non-polar column, temperature ramp
| Column type | Active phase | I | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Capillary | CBP-1 | 637. | Shimadzu, 2003 | 25. m/0.2 mm/0.25 μm, He, 50. C @ 5. min, 4. K/min; Tend: 200. C |
Kovats' RI, polar column, isothermal
| Column type | Active phase | Temperature (C) | I | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Capillary | Carbowax 20M | 70. | 898. | Annino and Villalobos, 1999 | 31.3 m/0.53 mm/0.54 μm |
| Capillary | Carbowax 20M | 50. | 898. | Villalobos, 1995 | 30. m/0.32 mm/0.54 μm, He |
| Packed | SP-1000 | 100. | 904.35 | Castello and Gerbino, 1988 | He, Chromosorb W DMCS; Column length: 3. m |
| Packed | SP-1000 | 125. | 909.11 | Castello and Gerbino, 1988 | He, Chromosorb W DMCS; Column length: 3. m |
| Packed | SP-1000 | 75. | 897.56 | Castello and Gerbino, 1988 | He, Chromosorb W DMCS; Column length: 3. m |
| Packed | Carbowax 20M | 75. | 891. | Goebel, 1982 | N2, Kieselgur (60-100 mesh); Column length: 2. m |
Kovats' RI, polar column, temperature ramp
| Column type | Active phase | I | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Capillary | CBP-20 | 885. | Shimadzu, 2003 | 25. m/0.2 mm/0.25 μm, He, 50. C @ 5. min, 4. K/min; Tend: 200. C |
Van Den Dool and Kratz RI, non-polar column, temperature ramp
| Column type | Active phase | I | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Capillary | DB-5 | 642.4 | Xu, van Stee, et al., 2003 | 30. m/0.25 mm/1. μm, He, 2.5 K/min; Tstart: 50. C; Tend: 200. C |
| Capillary | DB-1 | 623.5 | Helmig, Pollock, et al., 1996 | 30. m/0.25 mm/1. μm, 6. K/min; Tstart: -50. C; Tend: 180. C |
| Capillary | DB-5 | 645.1 | Helmig, Pollock, et al., 1996 | 60. m/0.33 mm/0.25 μm, 6. K/min; Tstart: -50. C; Tend: 180. C |
| Capillary | Petrocol DH | 628. | White, Hackett, et al., 1992 | 100. m/0.25 mm/0.5 μm, He, 1. K/min; Tstart: 30. C; Tend: 220. C |
| Capillary | SE-54 | 645. | Weber, 1986 | 25. m/0.31 mm/0.17 μm, H2, 2. K/min; Tstart: 35. C |
| Packed | OV-101 | 660.0 | Zilka and Matucha, 1978 | Ar, Supelcoport, 8. K/min; Column length: 2. m; Tstart: 40. C |
| Packed | SE-30 | 628.6 | Zilka and Matucha, 1978 | Ar, Chromaton N-AW-DMCS, 8. K/min; Column length: 2. m; Tstart: 40. C |
Normal alkane RI, non-polar column, isothermal
| Column type | Active phase | Temperature (C) | I | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Capillary | DB-1 | 60. | 641. | Shimadzu, 2003, 2 | 60. m/0.32 mm/1. μm, He |
Normal alkane RI, non-polar column, temperature ramp
| Column type | Active phase | I | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Capillary | BP-1 | 634. | Health Safety Executive, 2000 | 50. m/0.22 mm/0.75 μm, He, 5. K/min; Tstart: 50. C; Tend: 200. C |
| Capillary | DB-1 | 634. | Ciccioli, Cecinato, et al., 1992 | 60. m/0.32 mm/1.2 μm, He, 30. C @ 10. min, 3. K/min; Tend: 240. C |
| Capillary | DB-1 | 628. | Habu, Flath, et al., 1985 | 3. K/min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; Tstart: 0. C; Tend: 250. C |
Normal alkane RI, non-polar column, custom temperature program
| Column type | Active phase | I | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Capillary | Polydimethyl siloxanes | 636. | Zenkevich, Eliseenkov, et al., 2006 | Program: not specified |
| Capillary | BP-1 | 625.98 | Cooke, Hassoun, et al., 2001 | 50. m/0.25 mm/1. μm, He; Program: -50C => 49.9C/min => 5C(3min) => 3C/min => 50C => 5C/min => 220C(20 min) |
| Capillary | Methyl Silicone | 636. | Zenkevich, 2001 | Program: not specified |
| Capillary | Methyl Silicone | 639. | Zenkevich, 2001 | Program: not specified |
| Capillary | SPB-1 | 639. | Flanagan, Streete, et al., 1997 | 60. m/0.53 mm/5. μm, He; Program: 40C(6min) => 5C/min => 80C => 10C/min => 200C |
| Capillary | DB-5 | 650. | Sorimachi, Tanabe, et al., 1995 | He; Column length: 30. m; Program: not specified |
| Capillary | DB-1 | 626. | Ciccioli, Cecinato, et al., 1994 | 60. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm; Program: not specified |
| Capillary | DB-1 | 626. | Ciccioli, Brancaleoni, et al., 1993 | 60. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm; Program: 3 min at 5 C; 5 - 50 C at 3 deg/min; 50 - 220 C at 5 deg/min |
| Capillary | SPB-1 | 639. | Strete, Ruprah, et al., 1992 | 60. m/0.53 mm/5.0 μm, Helium; Program: 40 0C (6 min) 5 0C/min -> 80 0C 10 0C/min -> 200 0C |
| Capillary | SPB-1 | 634. | Strete, Ruprah, et al., 1992 | 60. m/0.53 mm/5.0 μm, Helium; Program: not specified |
| Capillary | DB-1 | 621. | Takeoka, Flath, et al., 1988 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, H2; Program: 30C (2min) => 2C/min => 150C => 4C/min => 250C |
| Capillary | DB-1 | 629. | Takeoka, Flath, et al., 1988 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, H2; Program: 30C (2min) => 2C/min => 150C => 4C/min => 250C |
| Capillary | OV-1, SE-30, Methyl silicone, SP-2100, OV-101, DB-1, etc. | 632. | Waggott and Davies, 1984 | Hydrogen; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; Program: not specified |
| Capillary | OV-1, SE-30, Methyl silicone, SP-2100, OV-101, DB-1, etc. | 650. | Waggott and Davies, 1984 | Hydrogen; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; Program: not specified |
| Capillary | OV-1 | 634. | Ramsey and Flanagan, 1982 | Program: not specified |
| Capillary | SE-30 | 630. | Heydanek and McGorrin, 1981 | He; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.5 mm; Program: -10C (8min) => 12C/min => 26C => 3C/min => 170C (30min) |
Normal alkane RI, polar column, isothermal
| Column type | Active phase | Temperature (C) | I | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Capillary | DB-Wax | 60. | 908. | Shimadzu, 2003, 2 | 50. m/0.32 mm/1. μm, He |
Normal alkane RI, polar column, temperature ramp
| Column type | Active phase | I | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Capillary | DB-Wax | 900. | Shimadzu, 2012 | 30. m/0.32 mm/0.50 μm, Helium, 4. K/min; Tstart: 40. C; Tend: 260. C |
| Capillary | DB-Wax | 900. | Shimadzu Corporation, 2003 | 30. m/0.32 mm/0.5 μm, He, 4. K/min; Tstart: 40. C; Tend: 260. C |
Normal alkane RI, polar column, custom temperature program
| Column type | Active phase | I | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Capillary | Carbowax 20M | 886. | Ramsey and Flanagan, 1982 | Program: not specified |
References
Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Gas Chromatography, Notes
Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Manion, 2002
Manion, J.A.,
Evaluated Enthalpies of Formation of the Stable Closed Shell C1 and C2 Chlorinated Hydrocarbons,
J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 2002, 31, 1, 123-172, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1420703
. [all data]
Hu, Sinke, et al., 1972
Hu, A.T.; Sinke, G.C.; Mintz, M.J.,
The enthalpy of formation of 1,1,1-trichloroethane from enthalpy of combustion and equilibrium studies,
J. Chem. Thermodyn., 1972, 4, 239-245. [all data]
Cox and Pilcher, 1970
Cox, J.D.; Pilcher, G.,
Thermochemistry of Organic and Organometallic Compounds, Academic Press, New York, 1970, 1-636. [all data]
Hu and Sinke, 1969
Hu, A.T.; Sinke, G.C.,
Combustion calorimetry of some chlorinated organic compounds,
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Mansson, Ringner, et al., 1971
Mansson, M.; Ringner, B.; Sunner, S.,
The enthalpies of combustion and formation of some simple chloroalkanes and chloralkenes 1,1,1-trichloroethane and 1,1-dichloroethene,
J. Chem. Thermodyn., 1971, 3, 547-551. [all data]
Levanova, Bushneva, et al., 1979
Levanova, s.V.; Bushneva, I.I.; Rodova, R.M.; Rozhnov, A.M.; Treger, Yu.A.; Aprelkin, A.S.,
Thermodynamic stability of chloroethanes in dehydrochlorination reactions,
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Levanova, Treger, et al., 1975
Levanova, S.V.; Treger, Yu.A.; Velichko, S.M.; Rozhnov, A.M.; Bshneva, L.I.; Talanov, A.I.,
Equilibrium of the vinylidene chloride-methylchloroform system,
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Levanova, Treger, et al., 1975, 2
Levanova, S.V.; Treger, Yu.A.; Velichko, S.M.; Rozhnov, A.M.; Khlestkov, A.I.; Pisarev, V.V.,
Liquid-phase hydrochlorination of symmetrical dichloroethylenes,
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Katsumata and Kimura, 1975
Katsumata, S.; Kimura, K.,
Photoelectron spectra and sum rule consideration. Effect of chlorine substitution on ionization energies for chloroethanes, chloroacetaldehydes and chloroacetyl chlorides,
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Hop, C.E.C.A.; Holmes, J.L.; Lossing, F.P.; Terlouw, J.K.,
The stability of [CCl4]+, [Cl2C-Cl-Cl]+, their dications, and neutral counterparts,
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A strategy for the simplification and solution of complex chromatographic analysis problems utilizing two-dimensional mapping of retention indexes followed by computer modeling of heart cuts from serially coupled columns containing different stationary phases,
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Solid-phase microextraction of volatile organic compounds estimation of the sorption equilibrium from the Kováts index, effect of salinity and humic acids and the study of the kinetics by the development of an agitated/static layer model,
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A window diagram for key component analysis in on-line gas chromatography,
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Effect of Temperature on the Gas Chromatographic Separation of Halogenated Compounds on Polar and Non-Polar Stationary Phases,
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Winskowski, 1983
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Gaschromatographische Identifizierung Niedrig Siedender Substanzen Mittels Retentionsindices und Rechnerhilfe,
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Shimadzu, 2003
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Ramsey, J.D.; Flanagan, R.J.,
Detection and Identification of Volatile Organic Compounds in Blood by Headspace Gas Chromatography as an Aid to the Diagnosis of Solvent Abuse,
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Gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy investigations on the flavor chemistry of oat groats,
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Shimadzu, 2012
Shimadzu, Pharmaceutical Related,
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Shimadzu Corporation, 2003
Shimadzu Corporation,
Analysis of pharmaceutical residual solvent (observation of separation), 2003, retrieved from http://www.shimadzu.com.br/analitica/aplicacoes/book/pharm69.pdf. [all data]
Notes
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- Symbols used in this document:
AE Appearance energy ΔfH°gas Enthalpy of formation of gas at standard conditions ΔrH° Enthalpy of reaction at standard conditions - Data from NIST Standard Reference Database 69: NIST Chemistry WebBook
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