Piperidine

• Formula: C₅H₁₁N
• Molecular weight: 85.1475
• IUPAC Standard InChI: InChI=1S/C5H11N/c1-2-4-6-5-3-1/h6H,1-5H2 Copy

  
• IUPAC Standard InChIKey: NQRYJNQNLNOLGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copy
• CAS Registry Number: 110-89-4
• Chemical structure:
  This structure is also available as a 2d Mol file or as a computed 3d SD file
  The 3d structure may be viewed using Java or Javascript.
• Other names: Azacyclohexane; Cyclopentimine; Cypentil; Hexahydropyridine; Hexazane; Pentamethylenimine; Pyridine, hexahydro-; Pentamethyleneimine; Piperidin; UN 2401; Perhydropyridine; Pentamethyleneamine
• Permanent link for this species. Use this link for bookmarking this species for future reference.
• Information on this page:
  • Gas phase thermochemistry data
  • Reaction thermochemistry data
  • Gas phase ion energetics data
  • Gas Chromatography
  • References
  • Notes
• Other data available:
  • Condensed phase thermochemistry data
  • Phase change data
  • Henry's Law data
  • IR Spectrum
  • Mass spectrum (electron ionization)
  • UV/Visible spectrum
• Data at other public NIST sites:
  • X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy Database, version 5.0
• Options:
  • Switch to calorie-based units

Data at NIST subscription sites:

• NIST / TRC Web Thermo Tables, professional edition (thermophysical and thermochemical data)

NIST subscription sites provide data under the NIST Standard Reference Data Program, but require an annual fee to access. The purpose of the fee is to recover costs associated with the development of data collections included in such sites. Your institution may already be a subscriber. Follow the links above to find out more about the data in these sites and their terms of usage.

Gas phase thermochemistry data

Go To: Top, Reaction thermochemistry data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Gas Chromatography, References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled by: Hussein Y. Afeefy, Joel F. Liebman, and Stephen E. Stein

Reaction thermochemistry data

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Gas Chromatography, References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled by: Hussein Y. Afeefy, Joel F. Liebman, and Stephen E. Stein

Note: Please consider using the reaction search for this species. This page allows searching of all reactions involving this species. A general reaction search form is also available. Future versions of this site may rely on reaction search pages in place of the enumerated reaction displays seen below.

Individual Reactions

 + 3 =

By formula: C₅H₅N + 3H₂ = C₅H₁₁N

3 +  = 3

By formula: 3H₂ + C₁₅H₂₇N₃ = 3C₅H₁₁N

Gas phase ion energetics data

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Gas Chromatography, References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data evaluated as indicated in comments:
HL - Edward P. Hunter and Sharon G. Lias
L - Sharon G. Lias

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
LBLHLM - Sharon G. Lias, John E. Bartmess, Joel F. Liebman, John L. Holmes, Rhoda D. Levin, and W. Gary Mallard
LLK - Sharon G. Lias, Rhoda D. Levin, and Sherif A. Kafafi
RDSH - Henry M. Rosenstock, Keith Draxl, Bruce W. Steiner, and John T. Herron

Ionization energy determinations

Gas Chromatography

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Gas phase ion energetics data, References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled by: NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, William E. Wallace, director

Kovats' RI, non-polar column, isothermal

View large format table.

Kovats' RI, non-polar column, custom temperature program

View large format table.

Kovats' RI, polar column, isothermal

View large format table.

Van Den Dool and Kratz RI, non-polar column, temperature ramp

View large format table.

Normal alkane RI, non-polar column, custom temperature program

View large format table.

Normal alkane RI, polar column, custom temperature program

View large format table.

References

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Gas Chromatography, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Good, 1972
Good, W.D., Enthalpies of combustion of nine organic nitrogen compounds related to petroleum, J. Chem. Eng. Data, 1972, 17, 28-31. [all data]

Bedford, Beezer, et al., 1963
Bedford, A.F.; Beezer, A.E.; Mortimer, C.T., Heats of formation and bond energies. Part X. 1,2,5,6-tetrahydropyridine, piperidine, and piperazine, J. Chem. Soc., 1963, 2039-2043. [all data]

Cox and Pilcher, 1970
Cox, J.D.; Pilcher, G., Thermochemistry of Organic and Organometallic Compounds, Academic Press, New York, 1970, 1-636. [all data]

Hales and Herington, 1957
Hales, J.L.; Herington, E.F.G., Equilibrium between pyridine and piperidine, Trans. Faraday Soc., 1957, 53, 616-622. [all data]

Burrows and King, 1935
Burrows, G.H.; King, L.A., Jr., The free energy change that accompanies hydrogenation of pyridine to piperidine, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1935, 57, 1789-1791. [all data]

Wiberg, Nakaji, et al., 1993
Wiberg, K.B.; Nakaji, D.Y.; Morgan, K.M., Heat of hydrogenation of a cis imine. An experimental and theoretical study, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1993, 115, 3527-3532. [all data]

Hunter and Lias, 1998
Hunter, E.P.; Lias, S.G., Evaluated Gas Phase Basicities and Proton Affinities of Molecules: An Update, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 1998, 27, 3, 413-656, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.556018 . [all data]

Rozeboom and Houk, 1982
Rozeboom, M.D.; Houk, K.N., Stereospecific alkyl group effects on amine lone-pair ionization potentials: Photoelectron spectra of alkylpiperidines, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1982, 104, 1189. [all data]

Pesterev, Gabdrakipov, et al., 1979
Pesterev, V.I.; Gabdrakipov, V.Z.; Artyukhin, V.I.; Agashkin, O.V., The ionisation and excitation of the conformers of piperidine and its alkyl derivatives, Russ. J. Phys. Chem., 1979, 53, 845. [all data]

Aue and Bowers, 1979
Aue, D.H.; Bowers, M.T., Chapter 9. Stabilities of positive ions from equilibrium gas phase basicity measurements in Ions Chemistry,, ed. M.T. Bowers, 1979. [all data]

Aue, Webb, et al., 1976
Aue, D.H.; Webb, H.M.; Bowers, M.T., Quantitative proton affinities, ionization potentials, and hydrogen affinities of alkylamines, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1976, 98, 311. [all data]

Kiser and Gallegos, 1962
Kiser, R.W.; Gallegos, E.J., A technique for the rapid determination of ionization and appearance potentials, J. Phys. Chem., 1962, 66, 947. [all data]

Collin, 1960
Collin, J.E., Relations between charge-transfer spectra and ionization potentials of some electron-donor organic molecules, Z. Elektrochem., 1960, 64, 936. [all data]

Gan and Peel, 1979
Gan, T.-H.; Peel, J.B., Photoelectron spectroscopic studies of piperidine and its N-halo derivatives, Aust. J. Chem., 1979, 32, 475. [all data]

Daamen and Oskam, 1978
Daamen, H.; Oskam, A., Bonding properties of some monosubstituted chromium and tungsten hexacarbonyls M(CO)₅L (L=amine, substituted pyridine, azine), Inorg. Chim. Acta, 1978, 26, 81. [all data]

Morishima, Yoshikawa, et al., 1975
Morishima, I.; Yoshikawa, K.; Hashimoto, M.; Bekki, K., Homoallylic interaction between the nitrogen lone pair and the nonadjacent π bond in cyclic and bicyclic amines. I. Photoelectron spectroscopic study, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1975, 97, 4283. [all data]

Colonna, Distefano, et al., 1975
Colonna, F.P.; Distefano, G.; Pignataro, S.; Pitacco, G.; Valentin, E., Ionization energies of some amines and enamines and an estimation of their relative basicity in gaseous phase, J. Chem. Soc. Faraday Trans. 2, 1975, 71, 1572. [all data]

Aue, Webb, et al., 1975
Aue, D.H.; Webb, H.M.; Bowers, M.T., Proton affinities, ionization potentials, and hydrogen affinities of nitrogen and oxygen bases. Hybridization effects, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1975, 97, 4137. [all data]

Yoshikawa, Hashimoto, et al., 1974
Yoshikawa, K.; Hashimoto, M.; Morishima, I., Photoelectron spectroscopic study of cyclic amines. The relation between ionization potentials, basicities, and s character of the nitrogen lone pair electrons, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1974, 96, 288. [all data]

Dallos, Sisak, et al., 2000
Dallos, A.; Sisak, A.; Kulcsár, Z.; Kováts, E., Pair-wise interactions by gas chromatography VII. Interaction free enthalpies of solutes with secondary alcohol groups, J. Chromatogr. A, 2000, 904, 2, 211-242, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(00)00908-0 . [all data]

Zhuravleva, 2000
Zhuravleva, I.L., Evaluation of the polarity and boiling points of nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compounds by gas chromatography, Russ. Chem. Bull. (Engl. Transl.), 2000, 49, 2, 325-328, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02494682 . [all data]

Zhuravleva, Golovnya, et al., 1993
Zhuravleva, I.L.; Golovnya, R.V.; Kuzmenko, T.E., The regularities of the gas-chromatographic behavior of methyl-substituted N-alkylpiperidines, Russ. Chem. Bull. (Engl. Transl.), 1993, 42, 10, 1677-1679, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00697038 . [all data]

Reddy, Dutoit, et al., 1992
Reddy, K.S.; Dutoit, J.-Cl.; Kovats, E. sz., Pair-wise interactions by gas chromatography. I. Interaction free enthalpies of solutes with non-associated primary alcohol groups, J. Chromatogr., 1992, 609, 1-2, 229-259, https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9673(92)80167-S . [all data]

Dutoit, 1991
Dutoit, J., Gas chromatographic retention behaviour of some solutes on structurally similar polar and non-polar stationary phases, J. Chromatogr., 1991, 555, 1-2, 191-204, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(01)87179-X . [all data]

Litvinenko, Isakova, et al., 1988
Litvinenko, G.S.; Isakova, L.A.; Rubanyk, N.N., Quantitative correlation between structure of stereoisomeric saturated cyclic compounds and gas-chromatographic retention indices. I. Methysubstituted, Izv. AN Kaz. SSR, Ser. Khim., 1988, 5, 54-66. [all data]

Tiess, 1984
Tiess, D., Gaschromatographische Retentionsindices von 125 leicht- bis mittelflüchtigen organischen Substanzen toxikologisch-analytischer Relevanz auf SE-30, Wiss. Z. Wilhelm-Pieck-Univ. Rostock Math. Naturwiss. Reihe, 1984, 33, 6-9. [all data]

Zhuravleva, Kapustin, et al., 1976
Zhuravleva, I.L.; Kapustin, Yu.P.; Golovnya, P.B., Retention indices of some isoaliphatic and heterocyclic nitrogenous bases, Zh. Anal. Khim., 1976, 31, 1378-1380. [all data]

Anderson, Jurel, et al., 1973
Anderson, A.; Jurel, S.; Shymanska, M.; Golender, L., Gas-liquid chromatography of some aliphatic and heterocyclic mono- and pollyfunctional amines. VII. Retention indices of amines in some polar and unpolar stationary phases, Latv. PSR Zinat. Akad. Vestis Kim. Ser., 1973, 1, 51-63. [all data]

Ramsey, Lee, et al., 1980
Ramsey, J.D.; Lee, T.D.; Osselton, M.D.; Moffat, A.C., Gas-liquid chromatographic retention indices of 296 non-drug substances on SE-30 or OV-1 likely to be encountered in toxicological analyses, J. Chromatogr., 1980, 184, 2, 185-206, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(00)85641-1 . [all data]

Peng, Ding, et al., 1988
Peng, C.T.; Ding, S.F.; Hua, R.L.; Yang, Z.C., Prediction of Retention Indexes I. Structure-Retention Index Relationship on Apolar Columns, J. Chromatogr., 1988, 436, 137-172, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(00)94575-8 . [all data]

Farkas, Héberger, et al., 2004
Farkas, O.; Héberger, K.; Zenkevich, I.G., Quantitative structure-retention relationships. XIV. Prediction of gas chromatographic retention indices for saturated O-, N-, and S-heterocyclic compounds, Chemom. Intell. Lab. Syst., 2004, 72, 2, 173-184, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemolab.2004.01.012 . [all data]

Vinogradov, 2004
Vinogradov, B.A., Production, composition, properties and application of essential oils, 2004, retrieved from http://viness.narod.ru. [all data]

Flanagan, Streete, et al., 1997
Flanagan, R.J.; Streete, P.J.; Ramsey, J.D., Volatile Substance Abuse, UNODC Technical Series, No 5, United Nations, Office on Drugs and Crime, Vienna International Centre, PO Box 500, A-1400 Vienna, Austria, 1997, 56, retrieved from http://www.odccp.org/pdf/technical_series₁997-01-01₁.pdf. [all data]

Strete, Ruprah, et al., 1992
Strete, P.J.; Ruprah, M.; Ramsey, J.D.; Flanagan, R.J., Detection and identification of volatile substances by headspace capillary gas chromatography to aid the diagnosis of acute poisoning, Analyst, 1992, 117, 7, 1111-1127, https://doi.org/10.1039/an9921701111 . [all data]

Waggott and Davies, 1984
Waggott, A.; Davies, I.W., Identification of organic pollutants using linear temperature programmed retention indices (LTPRIs) - Part II, 1984, retrieved from http://dwi.defra.gov.uk/research/completed-research/reports/dwi0383.pdf. [all data]

Ardrey and Moffat, 1981
Ardrey, R.E.; Moffat, A.C., Gas-liquid chromatographic retention indices of 1318 substances of toxicological interest on SE-30 or OV-1 stationary phase, J. Chromatogr., 1981, 220, 3, 195-252, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(00)81925-1 . [all data]

Peng, Yang, et al., 1991
Peng, C.T.; Yang, Z.C.; Ding, S.F., Prediction of rentention idexes. II. Structure-retention index relationship on polar columns, J. Chromatogr., 1991, 586, 1, 85-112, https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9673(91)80028-F . [all data]

Notes

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Gas Chromatography, References

• Symbols used in this document:
  

  IE (evaluated)	Recommended ionization energy
  ΔfH°gas	Enthalpy of formation of gas at standard conditions
  ΔrH°	Enthalpy of reaction at standard conditions

• Data from NIST Standard Reference Database 69: NIST Chemistry WebBook
• The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) uses its best efforts to deliver a high quality copy of the Database and to verify that the data contained therein have been selected on the basis of sound scientific judgment. However, NIST makes no warranties to that effect, and NIST shall not be liable for any damage that may result from errors or omissions in the Database.
• Customer support for NIST Standard Reference Data products.