fluorine

• Formula: F₂
• Molecular weight: 37.9968064
• IUPAC Standard InChI: InChI=1S/F2/c1-2 Copy

  
• IUPAC Standard InChIKey: PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copy
• CAS Registry Number: 7782-41-4
• Chemical structure:
  This structure is also available as a 2d Mol file or as a computed 3d SD file
  The 3d structure may be viewed using Java or Javascript.
• Permanent link for this species. Use this link for bookmarking this species for future reference.
• Information on this page:
  • Phase change data
  • Gas phase ion energetics data
  • References
  • Notes
• Other data available:
  • Gas phase thermochemistry data
  • Reaction thermochemistry data
  • Ion clustering data
  • Constants of diatomic molecules
  • Fluid Properties
• Data at other public NIST sites:
  • Gas Phase Kinetics Database
• Options:
  • Switch to calorie-based units

Data at NIST subscription sites:

• NIST / TRC Web Thermo Tables, "lite" edition (thermophysical and thermochemical data)
• NIST / TRC Web Thermo Tables, professional edition (thermophysical and thermochemical data)

NIST subscription sites provide data under the NIST Standard Reference Data Program, but require an annual fee to access. The purpose of the fee is to recover costs associated with the development of data collections included in such sites. Your institution may already be a subscriber. Follow the links above to find out more about the data in these sites and their terms of usage.

Phase change data

Go To: Top, Gas phase ion energetics data, References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
TRC - Thermodynamics Research Center, NIST Boulder Laboratories, Chris Muzny director

Antoine Equation Parameters

log₁₀(P) = A − (B / (T + C))
    P = vapor pressure (bar)
    T = temperature (K)

View plot Requires a JavaScript / HTML 5 canvas capable browser.

Gas phase ion energetics data

Go To: Top, Phase change data, References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data evaluated as indicated in comments:
HL - Edward P. Hunter and Sharon G. Lias
L - Sharon G. Lias

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
LBLHLM - Sharon G. Lias, John E. Bartmess, Joel F. Liebman, John L. Holmes, Rhoda D. Levin, and W. Gary Mallard
LLK - Sharon G. Lias, Rhoda D. Levin, and Sherif A. Kafafi
RDSH - Henry M. Rosenstock, Keith Draxl, Bruce W. Steiner, and John T. Herron
LL - Sharon G. Lias and Joel F. Liebman
B - John E. Bartmess

View reactions leading to F₂⁺ (ion structure unspecified)

Electron affinity determinations

Ionization energy determinations

Appearance energy determinations

References

Go To: Top, Phase change data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Streng, 1971
Streng, A.G., Miscibility and Compatibility of Some Liquid and Solidified Gases at Low Temperature, J. Chem. Eng. Data, 1971, 16, 357. [all data]

Cady and Hildebrand, 1930
Cady, G.H.; Hildebrand, J.H., The Vapor Pressure and Critical Temperature of Fluorine, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1930, 52, 3839. [all data]

Straty and Prydz, 1970
Straty, G.C.; Prydz, R., The Vapor Pressure of Liquid Fluorine, Adv. Cryog. Eng., 1970, 15, 36-41. [all data]

Stull, 1947
Stull, Daniel R., Vapor Pressure of Pure Substances. Organic and Inorganic Compounds, Ind. Eng. Chem., 1947, 39, 4, 517-540, https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50448a022 . [all data]

Hunter and Lias, 1998
Hunter, E.P.; Lias, S.G., Evaluated Gas Phase Basicities and Proton Affinities of Molecules: An Update, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 1998, 27, 3, 413-656, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.556018 . [all data]

Wenthold and Squires, 1995
Wenthold, P.G.; Squires, R.R., Bond dissociation energies of F2(-) and HF2(-). A gas-phase experimental and G2 theoretical study, J. Phys. Chem., 1995, 99, 7, 2002, https://doi.org/10.1021/j100007a034 . [all data]

Artau, Nizzi, et al., 2000
Artau, A.; Nizzi, K.E.; Hill, B.T.; Sunderlin, L.S.; Wenthold, P.G., Bond dissociation energy in trifluoride ion, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2000, 122, 43, 10667-10670, https://doi.org/10.1021/ja001613e . [all data]

Ayala, Wentworth, et al., 1981
Ayala, J.A.; Wentworth, W.E.; Chen, E.C.M., Electron attachment to halogens, J. Phys. Chem., 1981, 85, 768. [all data]

Harland and Franklin, 1974
Harland, P.W.; Franklin, J.L., Partitioning of excess energy in dissociative resonance capture processes, J. Chem. Phys., 1974, 61, 1621. [all data]

DeCorpo and Franklin, 1971
DeCorpo, J.J.; Franklin, J.L., Electron affinities of the halogen molecules by dissociative electron attachment, J. Chem. Phys., 1971, 54, 1885. [all data]

Wang and Franklin, 1980
Wang, J.-S.; Franklin, J.L., Reactions and energy distributions in dissociative electron capture processes in sulfuryl halides, Int. J. Mass Spectrom. Ion Phys., 1980, 36, 233. [all data]

Thynne, 1972
Thynne, J.C.J., Negative Ion Studies with a Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometer., Dyn. Mass Spectrom., 1972, 3, 67. [all data]

Chupka, Berkowitz, et al., 1971
Chupka, W.A.; Berkowitz, J.; Gutman, D., Electron Affinities of Halogen Diatomic Molecules as Determined by Endoergic Charge Exchange, J. Chem. Phys., 1971, 55, 6, 2724, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1676487 . [all data]

Reese, Dibeter, et al., 1958
Reese, R.M.; Dibeter, V.H.; Franklin, J.L., Electron impact studies of sulfur dioxide and sulfuryl fluoride, J. Chem. Phys., 1958, 29, 880. [all data]

Van Lonkhuyzen and De Lange, 1984
Van Lonkhuyzen, H.; De Lange, C.A., High-resolution UV photoelectron spectroscopy of diatomic halogens, Chem. Phys., 1984, 89, 313. [all data]

Bieri, Schmelzer, et al., 1980
Bieri, G.; Schmelzer, A.; Asbrink, L.; Jonsson, M., Fluorine and the fluoroderivatives of acetylene and diacetylene studied by 30.4 nm He(II) photoelectron spectroscopy, Chem. Phys., 1980, 49, 213. [all data]

Guyon, Spohr, et al., 1976
Guyon, P.-M.; Spohr, R.; Chupka, W.A.; Berkowitz, J., Threshold photoelectron spectra of HF, DF, F₂, J. Chem. Phys., 1976, 65, 1650. [all data]

Gole and Margrave, 1972
Gole, J.L.; Margrave, J.L., The vacuum ultraviolet spectrum of molecular fluorine, J. Mol. Spectrosc., 1972, 43, 65. [all data]

Potts and Price, 1971
Potts, A.W.; Price, W.C., Photoelectron spectra of the halogens and mixed halides ICI and lBr, J. Chem. Soc. Faraday Trans., 1971, 67, 1242. [all data]

Cornford, Frost, et al., 1971
Cornford, A.B.; Frost, D.C.; McDowell, C.A.; Ragle, J.L.; Stenhouse, I.A., Photoelectron spectra of the halogens, J. Chem. Phys., 1971, 54, 2651. [all data]

Berkowitz, Chupka, et al., 1971
Berkowitz, J.; Chupka, W.A.; Guyon, P.M.; Holloway, J.H.; Spohr, R., Photoionization mass spectrometric study of F₂, HF, and DF, J. Chem. Phys., 1971, 54, 5165. [all data]

Anderson, Mamantov, et al., 1971
Anderson, C.P.; Mamantov, G.; Bull, W.E.; Grimm, F.A.; Carver, J.C.; Carlson, T.A., Photoelectron spectrum of chlorine monofluoride, Chem. Phys. Lett., 1971, 12, 137. [all data]

Dibeler, Walker, et al., 1969
Dibeler, V.H.; Walker, J.A.; McCulloh, K.E., Dissociation energy of fluorine, J. Chem. Phys., 1969, 50, 4592. [all data]

Iczkowski and Margrave, 1959
Iczkowski, R.P.; Margrave, J.L., Absorption spectrum of fluorine in the vacuum ultraviolet, J. Chem. Phys., 1959, 30, 403. [all data]

Dyke, Josland, et al., 1984
Dyke, J.M.; Josland, G.D.; Snijders, J.G.; Boerrigter, P.M., Ionization energies of the diatomic halogens and interhalogens studied with relativistic hartree-fock-slater calculations, Chem. Phys., 1984, 91, 419. [all data]

Veljkovic, Neskovic, et al., 1992
Veljkovic, M.V.; Neskovic, O.M.; Zmbov, K.F., Mass spectrometric study of the thermal decomposition of F₂, J. Serb. Chem. Soc., 1992, 57, 753. [all data]

Berkowitz and Wahl, 1973
Berkowitz, J.; Wahl, A.C., The dissociation energy of fluorine, Adv. Fluorine Chem., 1973, 7, 147. [all data]

Berkowitz, Chupka, et al., 1971, 2
Berkowitz, J.; Chupka, W.A.; Guyon, P.M.; Holloway, J.; Spohr, R., Photo-ionization studies of F₂, HF, DF, and the xenon fluorides, Advan. Mass Spectrom., 1971, 5, 112. [all data]

Notes

Go To: Top, Phase change data, Gas phase ion energetics data, References

• Symbols used in this document:
  

  AE	Appearance energy
  EA	Electron affinity
  IE (evaluated)	Recommended ionization energy
  Tboil	Boiling point
  Tc	Critical temperature
  Tfus	Fusion (melting) point

• Data from NIST Standard Reference Database 69: NIST Chemistry WebBook
• The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) uses its best efforts to deliver a high quality copy of the Database and to verify that the data contained therein have been selected on the basis of sound scientific judgment. However, NIST makes no warranties to that effect, and NIST shall not be liable for any damage that may result from errors or omissions in the Database.
• Customer support for NIST Standard Reference Data products.