Formic acid
- Formula: CH2O2
- Molecular weight: 46.0254
- IUPAC Standard InChIKey: BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N
- CAS Registry Number: 64-18-6
- Chemical structure:
This structure is also available as a 2d Mol file or as a computed 3d SD file
The 3d structure may be viewed using Java or Javascript. - Other names: Methanoic acid; Aminic acid; Bilorin; Collo-Bueglatt; Collo-Didax; Formisoton; Formylic acid; Hydrogen carboxylic acid; Myrmicyl; HCOOH; Acide formique; Acido formico; Ameisensaeure; Kwas metaniowy; Kyselina mravenci; Mierenzuur; Rcra waste number U123; UN 1779; Formira; Add-F; Amasil
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Phase change data
Go To: Top, Gas phase ion energetics data, Gas Chromatography, References, Notes
Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Data compiled as indicated in comments:
TRC - Thermodynamics Research Center, NIST Boulder Laboratories, Chris Muzny director
AC - William E. Acree, Jr., James S. Chickos
ALS - Hussein Y. Afeefy, Joel F. Liebman, and Stephen E. Stein
DH - Eugene S. Domalski and Elizabeth D. Hearing
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Tboil | 373.9 ± 0.5 | K | AVG | N/A | Average of 25 out of 30 values; Individual data points |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
Tfus | 281.5 ± 0.6 | K | AVG | N/A | Average of 9 values; Individual data points |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
Ttriple | 281.45 | K | N/A | Wilhoit, Chao, et al., 1985 | Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.1 K; TRC |
Ttriple | 281.40 | K | N/A | Stout and Fisher, 1941 | Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.06 K; TRC |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
Ptriple | 0.0236 | bar | N/A | Taylor and Bruton, 1952 | Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.000067 bar; TRC |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
Tc | 577. | K | N/A | Anselme and Teja, 1990 | Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 30. K; Tc > 577 K, which was observed with decomposition; TRC |
Tc | 588. | K | N/A | Ambrose and Ghiassee, 1987 | Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 10. K; TRC |
Tc | 580. | K | N/A | Majer and Svoboda, 1985 | |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
ΔvapH° | 46.3 | kJ/mol | N/A | Majer and Svoboda, 1985 | |
ΔvapH° | 36.0 | kJ/mol | A | Stephenson and Malanowski, 1987 | Based on data from 283. to 384. K.; AC |
ΔvapH° | 46.3 ± 0.5 | kJ/mol | C | Konicek and Wadso, 1970 | ALS |
ΔvapH° | 46.3 ± 0.5 | kJ/mol | C | Konicek, Wadsö, et al., 1970 | AC |
ΔvapH° | 19.9 | kJ/mol | N/A | Stout and Fisher, 1941, 2 | AC |
Enthalpy of vaporization
ΔvapH (kJ/mol) | Temperature (K) | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|
22.69 | 373.8 | N/A | Majer and Svoboda, 1985 | |
35.2 | 315. | EB | Ambrose and Ghiassee, 1987, 2 | Based on data from 300. to 392. K.; AC |
35.2 | 325. | N/A | Dreisbach and Shrader, 1949 | Based on data from 310. to 374. K. See also Dreisbach and Martin, 1949.; AC |
29.6 | 303. | N/A | Campbell and Campbell, 1934 | AC |
20.3 | 315. | N/A | Coolidge, 1930 | Based on data from 273. to 373. K.; AC |
20.9 | 338. | N/A | Coolidge, 1930 | Based on data from 273. to 373. K.; AC |
20.4 | 315. | C | Coolidge, 1930 | AC |
21.1 | 338. | C | Coolidge, 1930 | AC |
36.8 | 288. | N/A | Kahlbaum, 1894 | Based on data from 273. to 307. K.; AC |
47.7 | 374. | N/A | Kahlbaum, 1883 | Based on data from 295. to 374. K.; AC |
Enthalpy of vaporization
ΔvapH = A exp(-αTr)
(1 − Tr)β
ΔvapH =
Enthalpy of vaporization (at saturation pressure)
(kJ/mol)
Tr = reduced temperature (T / Tc)
View plot Requires a JavaScript / HTML 5 canvas capable browser.
Temperature (K) | 298. to 374. |
---|---|
A (kJ/mol) | 23.8 |
α | 2.1043 |
β | -1.2652 |
Tc (K) | 580. |
Reference | Majer and Svoboda, 1985 |
Antoine Equation Parameters
log10(P) = A − (B / (T + C))
P = vapor pressure (bar)
T = temperature (K)
View plot Requires a JavaScript / HTML 5 canvas capable browser.
Temperature (K) | A | B | C | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
273.7 to 307.4 | 2.00121 | 515. | -139.408 | Kahlbaum, 1894, 2 | Coefficents calculated by NIST from author's data. |
Enthalpy of sublimation
ΔsubH (kJ/mol) | Temperature (K) | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|
60.5 | 275. | N/A | Stephenson and Malanowski, 1987 | Based on data from 268. to 281. K.; AC |
62. ± 1. | 213. | TE,ME | Calis-Van Ginkel, Calis, et al., 1978 | Based on data from 203. to 218. K.; AC |
60.1 | 264. | A | Stull, 1947 | Based on data from 253. to 275. K.; AC |
60.7 | 266. | N/A | Coolidge, 1930 | Based on data from 265. to 268. K. See also Jones, 1960.; AC |
Enthalpy of fusion
ΔfusH (kJ/mol) | Temperature (K) | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|
12.678 | 281.40 | Stout and Fisher, 1941, 3 | DH |
Entropy of fusion
ΔfusS (J/mol*K) | Temperature (K) | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|
45.05 | 281.40 | Stout and Fisher, 1941, 3 | DH |
Gas phase ion energetics data
Go To: Top, Phase change data, Gas Chromatography, References, Notes
Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Data evaluated as indicated in comments:
HL - Edward P. Hunter and Sharon G. Lias
L - Sharon G. Lias
Data compiled as indicated in comments:
B - John E. Bartmess
LBLHLM - Sharon G. Lias, John E. Bartmess, Joel F. Liebman, John L. Holmes, Rhoda D. Levin, and W. Gary Mallard
LLK - Sharon G. Lias, Rhoda D. Levin, and Sherif A. Kafafi
RDSH - Henry M. Rosenstock, Keith Draxl, Bruce W. Steiner, and John T. Herron
LL - Sharon G. Lias and Joel F. Liebman
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
IE (evaluated) | 11.33 ± 0.01 | eV | N/A | N/A | L |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
Proton affinity (review) | 742.0 | kJ/mol | N/A | Hunter and Lias, 1998 | HL |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
Gas basicity | 710.3 | kJ/mol | N/A | Hunter and Lias, 1998 | HL |
Ionization energy determinations
IE (eV) | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|
11.31 | PI | Traeger, 1985 | LBLHLM |
11.329 ± 0.002 | S | Bell, Ng, et al., 1975 | LLK |
11.16 ± 0.03 | PI | Warneck, 1974 | LLK |
11.314 ± 0.002 | PI | Knowles and Nicholson, 1974 | LLK |
11.3 | PE | Watanabe, Yokoyama, et al., 1973 | LLK |
11.33 | PE | Watanabe, Yokoyama, et al., 1973, 2 | LLK |
11.35 ± 0.03 | PE | Thomas, 1972 | LLK |
11.16 ± 0.03 | PI | Matthews and Warneck, 1969 | RDSH |
11.33 | PE | Brundle, Turner, et al., 1969 | RDSH |
11.05 ± 0.03 | PI | Vilesov, 1960 | RDSH |
11.05 ± 0.01 | PI | Watanabe, 1957 | RDSH |
11.33 | S | Price and Evans, 1937 | RDSH |
11.5 | PE | Von Niessen, Bieri, et al., 1980 | Vertical value; LLK |
11.34 | PE | Benoit and Harrison, 1977 | Vertical value; LLK |
10.7 | PE | Rao, 1975 | Vertical value; LLK |
11.51 | PE | Kimura, Katsumata, et al., 1975 | Vertical value; LLK |
Appearance energy determinations
Ion | AE (eV) | Other Products | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
C+ | 22.7 ± 0.5 | O+H2O | EI | Stepanov, Perov, et al., 1988 | LL |
CHO+ | 12.76 | OH | PI | Traeger, 1985 | LBLHLM |
CHO+ | 13.0 ± 0.1 | OH | PI | Golovin, Akopyan, et al., 1979 | LLK |
CHO+ | 12.79 ± 0.03 | OH | PI | Warneck, 1974 | LLK |
CHO+ | 12.79 ± 0.03 | OH | PI | Matthews and Warneck, 1969 | RDSH |
CHO2+ | 12.4 ± 0.1 | H | PI | Golovin, Akopyan, et al., 1979 | LLK |
CHO2+ | 12.26 | H | PI | Akopyan and Villem, 1976 | LLK |
CHO2+ | 12.29 ± 0.03 | H | PI | Warneck, 1974 | LLK |
HO+ | 17.97 ± 0.06 | HCO | PI | Warneck, 1974 | LLK |
O+ | 20.0 ± 0.5 | CO+H2 | EI | Stepanov, Perov, et al., 1988 | LL |
De-protonation reactions
By formula: CHO2- + H+ = CH2O2
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 1449. ± 5.0 | kJ/mol | D-EA | Kim, Bradforth, et al., 1995 | gas phase; dHacid(0K) = 344.67±0.62 kcal/mol; B |
ΔrH° | 1445. ± 9.2 | kJ/mol | G+TS | Caldwell, Renneboog, et al., 1989 | gas phase; B |
ΔrH° | 1445. ± 9.2 | kJ/mol | G+TS | Fujio, McIver, et al., 1981 | gas phase; value altered from reference due to change in acidity scale; B |
ΔrH° | 1444. ± 12. | kJ/mol | G+TS | Cumming and Kebarle, 1978 | gas phase; B |
ΔrH° | 1423. ± 19. | kJ/mol | EIAE | Muftakhov, Vasil'ev, et al., 1999 | gas phase; B |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
ΔrG° | 1419. ± 6.3 | kJ/mol | H-TS | Kim, Bradforth, et al., 1995 | gas phase; dHacid(0K) = 344.67±0.62 kcal/mol; B |
ΔrG° | 1415. ± 8.4 | kJ/mol | IMRE | Caldwell, Renneboog, et al., 1989 | gas phase; B |
ΔrG° | 1416. ± 8.4 | kJ/mol | IMRE | Fujio, McIver, et al., 1981 | gas phase; value altered from reference due to change in acidity scale; B |
ΔrG° | 1415. ± 8.4 | kJ/mol | IMRE | Cumming and Kebarle, 1978 | gas phase; B |
Gas Chromatography
Go To: Top, Phase change data, Gas phase ion energetics data, References, Notes
Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Data compiled by: NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, William E. Wallace, director
Van Den Dool and Kratz RI, non-polar column, temperature ramp
Column type | Active phase | I | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|
Capillary | DB-1 | 543. | Helmig, Pollock, et al., 1996 | 30. m/0.25 mm/1. μm, 6. K/min; Tstart: -50. C; Tend: 180. C |
Van Den Dool and Kratz RI, non-polar column, custom temperature program
Column type | Active phase | I | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|
Capillary | Methyl Silicone | 512. | Peng, Yang, et al., 1991 | Program: not specified |
Packed | SE-30 | 512. | Peng, Ding, et al., 1988 | Supelcoport; Chromosorb; Column length: 3.05 m; Program: 40C(5min) => 10C/min => 200C or 250C (60min) |
Van Den Dool and Kratz RI, polar column, temperature ramp
Column type | Active phase | I | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|
Capillary | DB-Wax | 1510. | Mahajan, Goddik, et al., 2004 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.5 μm, He, 40. C @ 2. min, 5. K/min, 230. C @ 10. min |
Van Den Dool and Kratz RI, polar column, custom temperature program
Column type | Active phase | I | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|
Capillary | Stabilwax | 1528. | Natali N., Chinnici F., et al., 2006 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 40C => 3C/min => 100C => 5C/min => 240C(10min) |
Capillary | DB-Wax | 1543.6 | Yang, Chyau, et al., 1998 | He; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; Program: 50C => 2.5C/min => 150C => 1.5C/min => 210C |
Normal alkane RI, non-polar column, temperature ramp
Column type | Active phase | I | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|
Capillary | HP-1 | 495. | Castel, Fernandez, et al., 2006 | 50. m/0.2 mm/0.33 μm, He, 60. C @ 4. min, 2. K/min, 250. C @ 30. min |
Normal alkane RI, non-polar column, custom temperature program
Column type | Active phase | I | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|
Capillary | Methyl Silicone | 490. | Zenkevich, Korolenko, et al., 1995 | Program: not specified |
Normal alkane RI, polar column, temperature ramp
Column type | Active phase | I | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|
Capillary | DB-Wax | 1470. | Guo, Wu, et al., 2008 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium, 60. C @ 2. min, 10. K/min, 250. C @ 10. min |
Capillary | DB-Wax | 1470. | Guo, Wu, et al., 2008 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium, 60. C @ 2. min, 10. K/min, 250. C @ 10. min |
Capillary | DB-Wax | 1470. | Guo, Wu, et al., 2008 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium, 60. C @ 2. min, 10. K/min, 250. C @ 10. min |
Capillary | RTX-Wax | 1485. | Prososki, Etzel, et al., 2007 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.5 μm, He, 40. C @ 5. min, 10. K/min, 220. C @ 10. min |
Capillary | Supelcowax-10 | 1521. | Vichi, Castellote, et al., 2003 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 40. C @ 10. min, 3. K/min; Tend: 200. C |
Capillary | DB-Wax | 1492. | Sekiwa, Kubota, et al., 1997 | He, 2. K/min; Column length: 60. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; Tstart: 60. C; Tend: 180. C |
Capillary | DB-Wax | 1499. | Umano, Hagi, et al., 1995 | He, 40. C @ 2. min, 2. K/min; Column length: 60. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; Tend: 200. C |
Capillary | FFAP | 1505. | Vernin, Metzger, et al., 1988 | He, 60. C @ 5. min, 2. K/min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.28 mm; Tend: 240. C |
Normal alkane RI, polar column, custom temperature program
Column type | Active phase | I | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|
Capillary | DB-Wax | 1501. | Gonzalez-Rios, Suarez-Quiroz, et al., 2007 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Hydrogen; Program: 44 0C 3 0C/min -> 170 0C 8 0C/min -> 250 0C |
Capillary | CP-Wax 52CB | 1532. | Muresan, Eillebrecht, et al., 2000 | 50. m/0.32 mm/1.2 μm; Program: 40C(10min) => 3C/min => 190C => 10C/min => 250C(5min) |
Capillary | Polyethylene Glycol | 1533. | Zenkevich, Korolenko, et al., 1995 | Program: not specified |
References
Go To: Top, Phase change data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Gas Chromatography, Notes
Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Wilhoit, Chao, et al., 1985
Wilhoit, R.C.; Chao, J.; Hall, K.R.,
Thermodynamic Properties of Key Organic Compounds in the Carbon Range C1 to C4. Part 1. Properties of Condensed Phases,
J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 1985, 14, 1. [all data]
Stout and Fisher, 1941
Stout, J.W.; Fisher, L.H.,
The entropy of formic acid. The heat capacity from 15 to 300 K. Heats of fusion and vaporization,
J. Chem. Phys., 1941, 9, 163-8. [all data]
Taylor and Bruton, 1952
Taylor, M.D.; Bruton, J.,
The vapour phase dissociation of some carboxylic acids. II. Formic and propionic acids.,
J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1952, 74, 4151. [all data]
Anselme and Teja, 1990
Anselme, M.J.; Teja, A.S.,
The critical properties of rapidly reacting substances,
AIChE Symp. Ser., 1990, 86, 279, 128-32. [all data]
Ambrose and Ghiassee, 1987
Ambrose, D.; Ghiassee, N.B.,
Vapor Pressures and Critical Temperatures and Critical Pressures of Some Alkanoic Acids: C1 to C10,
J. Chem. Thermodyn., 1987, 19, 505. [all data]
Majer and Svoboda, 1985
Majer, V.; Svoboda, V.,
Enthalpies of Vaporization of Organic Compounds: A Critical Review and Data Compilation, Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford, 1985, 300. [all data]
Stephenson and Malanowski, 1987
Stephenson, Richard M.; Malanowski, Stanislaw,
Handbook of the Thermodynamics of Organic Compounds, 1987, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3173-2
. [all data]
Konicek and Wadso, 1970
Konicek, J.; Wadso, I.,
Enthalpies of vaporization of organic compounds. VII. Some carboxylic acids,
Acta Chem. Scand., 1970, 24, 2612-26. [all data]
Konicek, Wadsö, et al., 1970
Konicek, Jiri; Wadsö, Ingemar; Munch-Petersen, J.; Ohlson, Ragnar; Shimizu, Akira,
Enthalpies of Vaporization of Organic Compounds. VII. Some Carboxylic Acids.,
Acta Chem. Scand., 1970, 24, 2612-2616, https://doi.org/10.3891/acta.chem.scand.24-2612
. [all data]
Stout and Fisher, 1941, 2
Stout, J.W.; Fisher, Leon H.,
The Entropy of Formic Acid. The Heat Capacity from 15 to 300°K. Heats of Fusion and Vaporization,
J. Chem. Phys., 1941, 9, 2, 163, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1750869
. [all data]
Ambrose and Ghiassee, 1987, 2
Ambrose, D.; Ghiassee, N.B.,
Vapour pressures and critical temperatures and critical pressures of some alkanoic acids: C1 to C10,
The Journal of Chemical Thermodynamics, 1987, 19, 5, 505-519, https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9614(87)90147-9
. [all data]
Dreisbach and Shrader, 1949
Dreisbach, R.R.; Shrader, S.A.,
Vapor Pressure--Temperature Data on Some Organic Compounds,
Ind. Eng. Chem., 1949, 41, 12, 2879-2880, https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50480a054
. [all data]
Dreisbach and Martin, 1949
Dreisbach, R.R.; Martin, R.A.,
Physical Data on Some Organic Compounds,
Ind. Eng. Chem., 1949, 41, 12, 2875-2878, https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50480a053
. [all data]
Campbell and Campbell, 1934
Campbell, Alan Newton; Campbell, Alexandra Jean Robson,
The thermodynamics of binary liquid mixtures : formic acid and water,
Trans. Faraday Soc., 1934, 30, 1109, https://doi.org/10.1039/tf9343001109
. [all data]
Coolidge, 1930
Coolidge, Albert Sprague,
THE VAPOR PRESSURE AND HEATS OF FUSION AND VAPORIZATION OF FORMIC ACID,
J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1930, 52, 5, 1874-1887, https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01368a018
. [all data]
Kahlbaum, 1894
Kahlbaum, G.W.A.,
Z. Phys. Chem., Stoechiom. Verwandtschaftsl., 1894, 13, 14. [all data]
Kahlbaum, 1883
Kahlbaum, Georg W.A.,
Ueber die Abhängigkeit der Siedetemperatur vom Luftdruck,
Ber. Dtsch. Chem. Ges., 1883, 16, 2, 2476-2484, https://doi.org/10.1002/cber.188301602178
. [all data]
Kahlbaum, 1894, 2
Kahlbaum, G.W.A.,
Studien uber Dampfspannkraftsmessungen,
Z. Phys. Chem. (Leipzig), 1894, 13, 14-55. [all data]
Calis-Van Ginkel, Calis, et al., 1978
Calis-Van Ginkel, C.H.D.; Calis, G.H.M.; Timmermans, C.W.M.; de Kruif, C.G.; Oonk, H.A.J.,
Enthalpies of sublimation and dimerization in the vapour phase of formic, acetic, propanoic, and butanoic acids,
The Journal of Chemical Thermodynamics, 1978, 10, 11, 1083-1088, https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9614(78)90082-4
. [all data]
Stull, 1947
Stull, Daniel R.,
Vapor Pressure of Pure Substances. Organic and Inorganic Compounds,
Ind. Eng. Chem., 1947, 39, 4, 517-540, https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50448a022
. [all data]
Jones, 1960
Jones, A.H.,
Sublimation Pressure Data for Organic Compounds.,
J. Chem. Eng. Data, 1960, 5, 2, 196-200, https://doi.org/10.1021/je60006a019
. [all data]
Stout and Fisher, 1941, 3
Stout, J.W.; Fisher, L.H.,
The entropy of formic acid. The heat capacity from 15 to 300K. Heats of fusion and vaporization,
J. Chem. Phys., 1941, 9, 163-168. [all data]
Hunter and Lias, 1998
Hunter, E.P.; Lias, S.G.,
Evaluated Gas Phase Basicities and Proton Affinities of Molecules: An Update,
J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 1998, 27, 3, 413-656, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.556018
. [all data]
Traeger, 1985
Traeger, J.C.,
Heat of formation for the formyl cation by photoionization mass spectrometry,
Int. J. Mass Spectrom. Ion Processes, 1985, 66, 271. [all data]
Bell, Ng, et al., 1975
Bell, S.; Ng, T.L.; Walsh, A.D.,
Vacuum ultraviolet spectra of formic and acetic acids,
J. Chem. Soc. Faraday Trans. 2, 1975, 71, 393. [all data]
Warneck, 1974
Warneck, P.,
Heat of formation of the HCO radical,
Z. Naturforsch. A:, 1974, 29, 350. [all data]
Knowles and Nicholson, 1974
Knowles, D.J.; Nicholson, A.J.C.,
Ionization energies of formic and acetic acid monomers,
J. Chem. Phys., 1974, 60, 1180. [all data]
Watanabe, Yokoyama, et al., 1973
Watanabe, I.; Yokoyama, Y.; Ikeda, S.,
Vibrational structures in the photoelectron spectrum of formic acid,
Chem. Phys. Lett., 1973, 19, 406. [all data]
Watanabe, Yokoyama, et al., 1973, 2
Watanabe, I.; Yokoyama, Y.; Ikeda, S.,
Lone pair ionization potentials of carboxylic acids determined by He(I) photoelectron spectroscopy,
Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn., 1973, 46, 1959. [all data]
Thomas, 1972
Thomas, R.K.,
Photoelectron spectroscopy of hydrogen-bonded systems: spectra of monomers, dimers and mixed complexes of carboxylic acides,
Proc. R. Soc. London A:, 1972, 331, 249. [all data]
Matthews and Warneck, 1969
Matthews, C.S.; Warneck, P.,
Heats of formation of CHO+ and C3H3+ by photoionization,
J. Chem. Phys. 5, 1969, 1, 854. [all data]
Brundle, Turner, et al., 1969
Brundle, C.R.; Turner, D.W.; Robin, M.B.; Basch, H.,
Photoelectron spectroscopy of simple amides and carboxylic acids,
Chem. Phys. Lett., 1969, 3, 292. [all data]
Vilesov, 1960
Vilesov, F.I.,
The photoionization of vapors of compounds whose molecules contain carbonyl groups,
Dokl. Phys. Chem., 1960, 132, 521, In original 1332. [all data]
Watanabe, 1957
Watanabe, K.,
Ionization potentials of some molecules,
J. Chem. Phys., 1957, 26, 542. [all data]
Price and Evans, 1937
Price, W.C.; Evans, W.M.,
The absorption spectrum of formic acid in the vacuum ultra-violet,
Proc. Roy. Soc. (London), 1937, A162, 110. [all data]
Von Niessen, Bieri, et al., 1980
Von Niessen, W.; Bieri, G.; Asbrink, L.,
30.4 nm He(II) photoelectron spectra of organic molecules. Part III. Oxo-compounds (C,H,O),
J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom., 1980, 21, 175. [all data]
Benoit and Harrison, 1977
Benoit, F.M.; Harrison, A.G.,
Predictive value of proton affinity. Ionization energy correlations involving oxygenated molecules,
J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1977, 99, 3980. [all data]
Rao, 1975
Rao, C.N.R.,
Lone-pair ionization bands of chromophores in the photoelectron spectra of organic molecules,
Indian J. Chem., 1975, 13, 950. [all data]
Kimura, Katsumata, et al., 1975
Kimura, K.; Katsumata, S.; Yamazaki, T.; Wakabayashi, H.,
UV photoelectron spectra and sum rule consideration; out-of-plane orbitals of unsaturated compounds with planar-skeleton structure,
J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom., 1975, 6, 41. [all data]
Stepanov, Perov, et al., 1988
Stepanov, A.N.; Perov, A.A.; Kabanov, S.P.; Simonov, A.P.,
Formation of long-lived, highly excited atoms during dissociative excitation of CH3CN, CH3CH2OH, CH3COOH, HCOOH, and C4H4S molecules on electron impact,
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Notes
Go To: Top, Phase change data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Gas Chromatography, References
- Symbols used in this document:
AE Appearance energy IE (evaluated) Recommended ionization energy Ptriple Triple point pressure Tboil Boiling point Tc Critical temperature Tfus Fusion (melting) point Ttriple Triple point temperature ΔfusH Enthalpy of fusion ΔfusS Entropy of fusion ΔrG° Free energy of reaction at standard conditions ΔrH° Enthalpy of reaction at standard conditions ΔsubH Enthalpy of sublimation ΔvapH Enthalpy of vaporization ΔvapH° Enthalpy of vaporization at standard conditions - Data from NIST Standard Reference Database 69: NIST Chemistry WebBook
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