Hydrogen sulfide

Formula: H₂S
Molecular weight: 34.081
IUPAC Standard InChI: InChI=1S/H2S/h1H2
IUPAC Standard InChIKey: RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N
CAS Registry Number: 7783-06-4
Chemical structure:
This structure is also available as a 2d Mol file or as a computed 3d SD file
The 3d structure may be viewed using Java or Javascript.
Other names: Dihydrogen monosulfide; Dihydrogen sulfide; Hydrosulfuric acid; Stink damp; Sulfur hydride; Sulfureted hydrogen; H2S; Sulfuretted hydrogen; Hydrogen sulphide; Hydrogen sulfide (H2S); Acide sulfhydrique; Hydrogene sulfure; Idrogeno solforato; Rcra waste number U135; Schwefelwasserstoff; Siarkowodor; UN 1053; Zwavelwaterstof; Hepatic gas; Hepatic acid; Hydrogen monosulfide; Sewer gas
Permanent link for this species. Use this link for bookmarking this species for future reference.
Information on this page:
Other data available:
Data at other public NIST sites:
Options:
- Switch to calorie-based units

Data at NIST subscription sites:

NIST subscription sites provide data under the NIST Standard Reference Data Program, but require an annual fee to access. The purpose of the fee is to recover costs associated with the development of data collections included in such sites. Your institution may already be a subscriber. Follow the links above to find out more about the data in these sites and their terms of usage.

Gas phase thermochemistry data

Go To: Top, Gas phase ion energetics data, Gas Chromatography, References, Notes

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_fH°_gas	-20.6 ± 0.5	kJ/mol	Review	Cox, Wagman, et al., 1984	CODATA Review value
Δ_fH°_gas	-20.50	kJ/mol	Review	Chase, 1998	Data last reviewed in June, 1977
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
S°_{gas,1 bar}	205.81 ± 0.05	J/mol*K	Review	Cox, Wagman, et al., 1984	CODATA Review value
S°_{gas,1 bar}	205.77	J/mol*K	Review	Chase, 1998	Data last reviewed in June, 1977

Gas Phase Heat Capacity (Shomate Equation)

C_p° = A + B*t + C*t² + D*t³ + E/t²
H° − H°_298.15= A*t + B*t²/2 + C*t³/3 + D*t⁴/4 − E/t + F − H
S° = A*ln(t) + B*t + C*t²/2 + D*t³/3 − E/(2*t²) + G
C_p = heat capacity (J/mol*K)
H° = standard enthalpy (kJ/mol)
S° = standard entropy (J/mol*K)
t = temperature (K) / 1000.

View plot Requires a JavaScript / HTML 5 canvas capable browser.

View table.

Temperature (K)	298. to 1400.	1400. to 6000.
A	26.88412	51.22136
B	18.67809	4.147486
C	3.434203	-0.643566
D	-3.378702	0.041621
E	0.135882	-10.46385
F	-28.91211	-55.87606
G	233.3747	243.6900
H	-20.50202	-20.50202
Reference	Chase, 1998	Chase, 1998
Comment	Data last reviewed in June, 1977	Data last reviewed in June, 1977

Gas phase ion energetics data

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Gas Chromatography, References, Notes

Data evaluated as indicated in comments:
HL - Edward P. Hunter and Sharon G. Lias
L - Sharon G. Lias

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
B - John E. Bartmess
LBLHLM - Sharon G. Lias, John E. Bartmess, Joel F. Liebman, John L. Holmes, Rhoda D. Levin, and W. Gary Mallard
LLK - Sharon G. Lias, Rhoda D. Levin, and Sherif A. Kafafi
RDSH - Henry M. Rosenstock, Keith Draxl, Bruce W. Steiner, and John T. Herron

View reactions leading to H₂S⁺ (ion structure unspecified)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
IE (evaluated)	10.457 ± 0.012	eV	N/A	N/A	L
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Proton affinity (review)	705.	kJ/mol	N/A	Hunter and Lias, 1998	HL
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Gas basicity	673.8	kJ/mol	N/A	Hunter and Lias, 1998	HL

Ionization energy determinations

IE (eV)	Method	Reference	Comment
10.453 ± 0.008	PI	Walters and Blais, 1984	LBLHLM
10.4607 ± 0.0026	PI	Prest, Tzeng, et al., 1983	LBLHLM
10.449 ± 0.006	PI	Walters and Blais, 1981	LLK
10. ± 4.	END	Smith, Adams, et al., 1981	LLK
10.48	PE	Kimura, Katsumata, et al., 1981	LLK
10.466 ± 0.002	S	Karlsson, Mattsson, et al., 1976	LLK
10.56 ± 0.05	EI	Balkis, Gaines, et al., 1976	LLK
10.5	PI	Rabalais, Debies, et al., 1974	LLK
10.43	PE	Natalis, 1973	LLK
10.45	EI	Morrison and Traeger, 1973	LLK
10.47	PE	Potts and Price, 1972	LLK
10.43	PE	Delwiche and Natalis, 1970	RDSH
12.76	PE	Delwiche and Natalis, 1970	RDSH
14.91	PE	Delwiche and Natalis, 1970	RDSH
20.8	PE	Delwiche and Natalis, 1970	RDSH
18.0	PE	Delwiche and Natalis, 1970	RDSH
12.81	PE	Delwiche, Natalis, et al., 1970	RDSH
14.79	PE	Delwiche, Natalis, et al., 1970	RDSH
10.43 ± 0.01	PI	Dibeler and Liston, 1968	RDSH
10.42	PE	Al-Joboury and Turner, 1964	RDSH
12.62	PE	Al-Joboury and Turner, 1964	RDSH
14.82	PE	Al-Joboury and Turner, 1964	RDSH
18.00	PE	Al-Joboury and Turner, 1964	RDSH
20.12	PE	Al-Joboury and Turner, 1964	RDSH
10.45 ± 0.03	EI	Frost and McDowell, 1958	RDSH
10.46 ± 0.01	PI	Watanabe, 1954	RDSH
10.47 ± 0.01	S	Price, 1935	RDSH
10.5	PE	Bieri, Asbrink, et al., 1982	Vertical value; LBLHLM
10.43	PE	Wagner and Bock, 1974	Vertical value; LLK
10.47	PE	Schweig and Thiel, 1974	Vertical value; LLK
10.48	PE	Bock, Wagner, et al., 1972	Vertical value; LLK

Appearance energy determinations

Ion	AE (eV)	Other Products	Method	Reference	Comment
HS⁺	14.300 ± 0.024	H	PI	Prest, Tzeng, et al., 1983	LBLHLM
HS⁺	14.7 ± 0.2	H	EI	Balkis, Gaines, et al., 1976	LLK
HS⁺	14.4	H	EI	Morrison and Traeger, 1973	LLK
HS⁺	14.27 ± 0.02	H	PI	Dibeler and Liston, 1968	RDSH
HS⁺	14.4 ± 0.1	H	EI	Palmer and Lossing, 1962	RDSH
S⁺	13.375 ± 0.022	H₂	PI	Prest, Tzeng, et al., 1983	LBLHLM
S⁺	13.41	H₂	PIPECO	Eland, 1979	LLK
S⁺	13.5	H₂	EI	Morrison and Traeger, 1973	LLK
S⁺	13.36 ± 0.01	H₂	PI	Dibeler and Liston, 1968	RDSH
S⁺	13.40 ± 0.01	H₂	PI	Dibeler and Liston, 1968	RDSH

De-protonation reactions

HS^- + = Hydrogen sulfide

By formula: HS^- + H⁺ = H₂S

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	1470. ± 3.	kJ/mol	AVG	N/A	Average of 6 out of 7 values; Individual data points
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	1441. ± 13.	kJ/mol	H-TS	Rempala and Ervin, 2000	gas phase; B
Δ_rG°	1443. ± 8.4	kJ/mol	IMRE	Bartmess, Scott, et al., 1979	gas phase; value altered from reference due to change in acidity scale; B
Δ_rG°	1443.1 ± 0.42	kJ/mol	H-TS	Shiell, Hu, et al., 1900	gas phase; 0K:350.125±0.009 kcal/mol, corr to 298K from Gurvich, Veyts, et al., With EA( Breyer, Frey, et al., 1981)BDE(0K)=89.97±0.05; B
Δ_rG°	1446. ± 8.4	kJ/mol	IMRE	Cumming and Kebarle, 1978	gas phase; B
Δ_rG°	1432.2	kJ/mol	N/A	Check, Faust, et al., 2001	gas phase; MnO2-(t); ; ΔS(EA)=5.4; B

Gas Chromatography

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Gas phase ion energetics data, References, Notes

Data compiled by: NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, William E. Wallace, director

Normal alkane RI, non-polar column, temperature ramp

View large format table.

Column type	Active phase	I	Reference	Comment
Capillary	PONA	340.	Yang, Wang, et al., 2004	50. m/0.20 mm/0.50 μm, N2, 2. K/min; T_start: 35. C; T_end: 170. C
Capillary	PONA	338.	Yang, Wang, et al., 2003	50. m/0.20 mm/0.50 μm, 2. K/min; T_start: 30. C; T_end: 150. C

Normal alkane RI, non-polar column, custom temperature program

View large format table.

Column type	Active phase	I	Reference	Comment
Capillary	PONA	338.	Yang, Wang, et al., 2003	50. m/0.20 mm/0.50 μm; Program: not specified

Normal alkane RI, polar column, temperature ramp

View large format table.

Column type	Active phase	I	Reference	Comment
Capillary	TC-Wax	480.	Ishizaki, Tachihara, et al., 2005	60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, N2, 3. K/min, 220. C @ 40. min; T_start: 70. C

Normal alkane RI, polar column, custom temperature program

View large format table.

Column type	Active phase	I	Reference	Comment
Capillary	TC-Wax	480.	Kraft and Switt, 2005	Program: not specified
Capillary	TC-Wax	480.	Tachihara, Ishizaki, et al., 2004	Program: not specified

References

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Gas Chromatography, Notes

Cox, Wagman, et al., 1984
Cox, J.D.; Wagman, D.D.; Medvedev, V.A., CODATA Key Values for Thermodynamics, Hemisphere Publishing Corp., New York, 1984, 1. [all data]

Chase, 1998
Chase, M.W., Jr., NIST-JANAF Themochemical Tables, Fourth Edition, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, Monograph 9, 1998, 1-1951. [all data]

Hunter and Lias, 1998
Hunter, E.P.; Lias, S.G., Evaluated Gas Phase Basicities and Proton Affinities of Molecules: An Update, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 1998, 27, 3, 413-656, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.556018 . [all data]

Walters and Blais, 1984
Walters, E.A.; Blais, N.C., Molecular beam photoionization and fragmentation of D₂S, (H₂S)₂, (D₂S)₂, and H₂S.H₂O, J. Chem. Phys., 1984, 80, 3501. [all data]

Prest, Tzeng, et al., 1983
Prest, H.F.; Tzeng, W.-B.; Brom, J.M., Jr.; Ng, C.Y., Molecular beam photoionization study of H₂S, Int. J. Mass Spectrom. Ion Processes, 1983, 50, 315. [all data]

Walters and Blais, 1981
Walters, E.A.; Blais, N.C., Molecular beam photoionization of (H₂S)n,n = 1 - 7, J. Chem. Phys., 1981, 75, 4208. [all data]

Smith, Adams, et al., 1981
Smith, D.; Adams, N.G.; Lindinger, W., Reactions of the HnS ions (n = 0 to 3) with several molecular gases at thermal energies, J. Chem. Phys., 1981, 75, 3365. [all data]

Kimura, Katsumata, et al., 1981
Kimura, K.; Katsumata, S.; Achiba, Y.; Yamazaki, T.; Iwata, S., Ionization energies, Ab initio assignments, and valence electronic structure for 200 molecules in Handbook of HeI Photoelectron Spectra of Fundamental Organic Compounds, Japan Scientific Soc. Press, Tokyo, 1981. [all data]

Karlsson, Mattsson, et al., 1976
Karlsson, L.; Mattsson, L.; Jadrny, R.; Bergmark, T.; Siegbahn, K., Vibrational ans vibronic structure in the valence electron spectrum of H₂S, Phys. Scr., 1976, 13, 229. [all data]

Balkis, Gaines, et al., 1976
Balkis, T.; Gaines, A.F.; Ozgen, G.; Ozgen, I.T.; Flowers, M.C., Ionization of hydrogen sul- phide, selenide and telluride by electron impact, J. Chem. Soc. Faraday Trans. 2, 1976, 72, 524. [all data]

Rabalais, Debies, et al., 1974
Rabalais, J.W.; Debies, T.P.; Berkosky, J.L.; Huang, J.-T.J.; Ellison, F.O., Calculated photoionization cross sections relative experimental photoionization intensities for a selection of small molecules, J. Chem. Phys., 1974, 61, 516. [all data]

Natalis, 1973
Natalis, P., Contribution a la spectroscopie photoelectronique. Effets de l'autoionisation dans less spectres photoelectroniques de molecules diatomiques et triatomiques, Acad. R. Belg. Mem. Cl. Sci. Collect. 8, 1973, 41, 1. [all data]

Morrison and Traeger, 1973
Morrison, J.D.; Traeger, J.C., Ionization and dissociation by electron impact. I. H₂O and H₂S, Int. J. Mass Spectrom. Ion Phys., 1973, 11, 77. [all data]

Potts and Price, 1972
Potts, A.W.; Price, W.C., Photoelectron spectra and valence shell orbital structures of groups V VI hydrides, Proc. R. Soc. London A:, 1972, 326, 181. [all data]

Delwiche and Natalis, 1970
Delwiche, J.; Natalis, P., Photoelectron spectrometry of hydrogen sulfide, Chem. Phys. Lett., 1970, 5, 564. [all data]

Delwiche, Natalis, et al., 1970
Delwiche, J.; Natalis, P.; Collin, J.E., High resolution photoelectron spectrometry of H₂S and H₂Se, Intern. J. Mass Spectrom. Ion Phys., 1970, 5, 443. [all data]

Dibeler and Liston, 1968
Dibeler, V.H.; Liston, S.K., Mass-spectrometric study of photoionization. XI.Hydrogen sulfide and sulfur dioxide, J. Chem. Phys., 1968, 49, 482. [all data]

Al-Joboury and Turner, 1964
Al-Joboury, M.I.; Turner, D.W., Molecular photoelectron spectroscopy. Part II. A summary of ionization potentials, J. Chem. Soc., 1964, 4434. [all data]

Frost and McDowell, 1958
Frost, D.C.; McDowell, C.A., Excited states of the molecular ions of hydrogen fluoride, hydrogen iodide, water, hydrogen sulphide, and ammonia, Can. J. Chem., 1958, 36, 39. [all data]

Watanabe, 1954
Watanabe, K., Photoionization and total absorption cross section of gases. I. Ionization potentials of several molecules. Cross sections of NH₃ and NO, J. Chem. Phys., 1954, 22, 1564. [all data]

Price, 1935
Price, W.C., The far ultraviolet absorption spectra and ionization potentials of H₂S, CS₂, and SO₂, Bull. Am. Phys. Soc., 1935, 10, 9. [all data]

Bieri, Asbrink, et al., 1982
Bieri, G.; Asbrink, L.; Von Niessen, W., 30.4-nm He(II) photoelectron spectra of organic molecules, J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom., 1982, 27, 129. [all data]

Wagner and Bock, 1974
Wagner, G.; Bock, H., Photoelektronenspektren und molekuleigenschaften, XXVI. Die delokalisation von schwefel-elektronenpaaren in alkylsulfiden und -disulfiden, Chem. Ber., 1974, 107, 68. [all data]

Schweig and Thiel, 1974
Schweig, A.; Thiel, W., Photoionization cross sections: He I- and He II-photoelectron spectra of homologous oxygen and sulphur compounds, Mol. Phys., 1974, 27, 265. [all data]

Bock, Wagner, et al., 1972
Bock, H.; Wagner, G.; Kroner, J., Photoelektronenspektren und molekuleigenschaften, XIV. Die delokalisation des schwefel-elektronenpaar in CH₃S-substituierten aromaten, Chem. Ber., 1972, 105, 3850. [all data]

Palmer and Lossing, 1962
Palmer, T.F.; Lossing, F.P., Free radicals by mass spectrometry. XXVIII. The HS, CH₃S, and phenyl-S radicals: ionization potentials and heats of formation, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1962, 84, 4661. [all data]

Eland, 1979
Eland, J.H.D., Dissociations of state-selected C₂H₂⁺, H₂S⁺ and D₂S⁺ ions studied by photoelectron-photoion coincidence spectroscopy, Int. J. Mass Spectrom. Ion Phys., 1979, 31, 161. [all data]

Rempala and Ervin, 2000
Rempala, K.; Ervin, K.M., Collisional activation of the Endoergic Hydrogen Atom Transfer Reaction S-(2P) + H2 - SH- + H, J. Chem. Phys., 2000, 112, 10, 4579, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.481016 . [all data]

Bartmess, Scott, et al., 1979
Bartmess, J.E.; Scott, J.A.; McIver, R.T., Jr., The gas phase acidity scale from methanol to phenol, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1979, 101, 6047. [all data]

Shiell, Hu, et al., 1900
Shiell, R.C.; Hu, X.K.; Hu, Q.J.; Hepburn, J.W., A determination of the bond dissociation energy (D-0(H-SH)): Threshold ion-pair production spectroscopy (TIPPS) of a triatomic molecule, J. Phys. Chem. A, 1900, 104, 19, 4339-4342, https://doi.org/10.1021/jp000025k . [all data]

Gurvich, Veyts, et al.
Gurvich, L.V.; Veyts, I.V.; Alcock, C.B., Hemisphere Publishing, NY, 1989, V. 1 2, Thermodynamic Properties of Individual Substances, 4th Ed. [all data]

Breyer, Frey, et al., 1981
Breyer, F.; Frey, P.; Hotop, H., High Resolution Photoelectron Spectrometry of Negative Ions: Rotational Transitions in Laser-Photodetachment of OH-, SH-, and SD-, Z. Phys. A, 1981, 300, 1, 7, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01412609 . [all data]

Cumming and Kebarle, 1978
Cumming, J.B.; Kebarle, P., Summary of gas phase measurements involving acids AH. Entropy changes in proton transfer reactions involving negative ions. Bond dissociation energies D(A-H) and electron affinities EA(A), Can. J. Chem., 1978, 56, 1. [all data]

Check, Faust, et al., 2001
Check, C.E.; Faust, T.O.; Bailey, J.M.; Wright, B.J.; Gilbert, T.M.; Sunderlin, L.S., Addition of Polarization and Diffuse Functions to the LANL2DZ Basis Set for P-Block Elements, J. Phys. Chem. A,, 2001, 105, 34, 8111, https://doi.org/10.1021/jp011945l . [all data]

Yang, Wang, et al., 2004
Yang, Y.; Wang, Z.; Zong, B.; Yang, H., Determination of sulfur compounds in fluid catalytic cracking gasoline by gas chromatography with a sulfur chemiluminiscence detector, Chin. J. Chromatogr., 2004, 22, 3, 216-219. [all data]

Yang, Wang, et al., 2003
Yang, Y.-T.; Wang, Z.; Han. J.-H.; Tian, H.-P.; Yang, H.-Y., Determination of sulfur compounds in gasoline fraction of microreactor products by gas chromatography - Atomic emission detector, Petrochemical Technology (Shiyou Huagong), 2003, 32, 11, 995-998. [all data]

Ishizaki, Tachihara, et al., 2005
Ishizaki, S.; Tachihara, T.; Tamura, H.; Yanai, T.; Kitahara, T., Evaluation of odour-active compounds in roasted shrimp (Sergia lucens Hansen) by aroma extract dilution analysis, Flavour Fragr. J., 2005, 20, 6, 562-566, https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.1484 . [all data]

Kraft and Switt, 2005
Kraft, P.; Switt, K.A.D. (Eds), Perspectives in Flavor and Fragrance Research, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, Germany, 2005, 251. [all data]

Tachihara, Ishizaki, et al., 2004
Tachihara, T.; Ishizaki, S.; Ishikawa, M.; Kitahara, T., Studies on the volatile compounds of roasted spotted shrimp, Chemistry Biodiversity, 2004, 1, 12, 2024-2033, https://doi.org/10.1002/cbdv.200490155 . [all data]

Notes

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Gas Chromatography, References

Symbols used in this document:

AE	Appearance energy
IE (evaluated)	Recommended ionization energy
S°_{gas,1 bar}	Entropy of gas at standard conditions (1 bar)
Δ_fH°_gas	Enthalpy of formation of gas at standard conditions
Δ_rG°	Free energy of reaction at standard conditions
Δ_rH°	Enthalpy of reaction at standard conditions

Data from NIST Standard Reference Database 69: NIST Chemistry WebBook
The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) uses its best efforts to deliver a high quality copy of the Database and to verify that the data contained therein have been selected on the basis of sound scientific judgment. However, NIST makes no warranties to that effect, and NIST shall not be liable for any damage that may result from errors or omissions in the Database.
Customer support for NIST Standard Reference Data products.