Nitrogen

Formula: N₂
Molecular weight: 28.0134
IUPAC Standard InChI: InChI=1S/N2/c1-2
IUPAC Standard InChIKey: IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N
CAS Registry Number: 7727-37-9
Chemical structure:
This structure is also available as a 2d Mol file or as a computed 3d SD file
The 3d structure may be viewed using Java or Javascript.
Other names: Nitrogen gas; N2; UN 1066; UN 1977; Dinitrogen; Molecular nitrogen; Diatomic nitrogen; Nitrogen-14
Permanent link for this species. Use this link for bookmarking this species for future reference.
Information on this page:
Other data available:
- Gas phase thermochemistry data
- Phase change data
- Reaction thermochemistry data: reactions 1 to 50, reactions 51 to 100, reactions 101 to 150, reactions 151 to 156
- Henry's Law data
- Ion clustering data
- Mass spectrum (electron ionization)
- Constants of diatomic molecules
- Fluid Properties
Data at other public NIST sites:
- Electron-Impact Ionization Cross Sections (on physics web site)
- Gas Phase Kinetics Database
Options:
- Switch to SI units

Data at NIST subscription sites:

NIST subscription sites provide data under the NIST Standard Reference Data Program, but require an annual fee to access. The purpose of the fee is to recover costs associated with the development of data collections included in such sites. Your institution may already be a subscriber. Follow the links above to find out more about the data in these sites and their terms of usage.

Gas phase ion energetics data

Go To: Top, References, Notes

Data evaluated as indicated in comments:
HL - Edward P. Hunter and Sharon G. Lias
L - Sharon G. Lias

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
LL - Sharon G. Lias and Joel F. Liebman
LBLHLM - Sharon G. Lias, John E. Bartmess, Joel F. Liebman, John L. Holmes, Rhoda D. Levin, and W. Gary Mallard
LLK - Sharon G. Lias, Rhoda D. Levin, and Sherif A. Kafafi
RDSH - Henry M. Rosenstock, Keith Draxl, Bruce W. Steiner, and John T. Herron

View reactions leading to N₂⁺ (ion structure unspecified)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
IE (evaluated)	15.581 ± 0.008	eV	N/A	N/A	L
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Proton affinity (review)	118.0	kcal/mol	N/A	Hunter and Lias, 1998	HL
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Gas basicity	111.0	kcal/mol	N/A	Hunter and Lias, 1998	HL

Ionization energy determinations

IE (eV)	Method	Reference	Comment
15.581 ± 0.008	S	Trickl, Cromwell, et al., 1989	LL
15.7 ± 0.1	EI	Stephen, Mark, et al., 1984	LBLHLM
15.6 ± 0.1	EI	Grade, Wienecke, et al., 1983	LBLHLM
15.60	PE	Kimura, Katsumata, et al., 1981	LLK
10.1 ± 0.6	EI	Armentrout, Tarr, et al., 1981	LLK
15.58	EI	Armentrout, Tarr, et al., 1981	LLK
15.5808	EVAL	Huber and Herzberg, 1979	LLK
15.58 ± 0.02	EI	Sahini, Constantin, et al., 1978	LLK
15.5	PI	Rabalais, Debies, et al., 1974	LLK
15.58	PE	Lee and Rabalais, 1974	LLK
15.61	PE	Natalis, 1973	LLK
15.58 ± 0.01	PE	Hotop and Niehaus, 1970	RDSH
15.56	CI	Cermak, 1968	RDSH
15.58	PI	Cook and Metzger, 1964	RDSH
15.5803	S	Ogawa and Tanaka, 1962	RDSH
15.5802	S	Worley, 1943	RDSH
15.5812 ± 0.0002	S	Worley and Jenkins, 1938	RDSH
15.58	PE	Potts and Williams, 1974	Vertical value; LLK
15.60	PE	Katrib, Debies, et al., 1973	Vertical value; LLK

Appearance energy determinations

Ion	AE (eV)	Other Products	Method	Reference	Comment
N⁺	24.34	N(4So)	EI	Locht, Schopman, et al., 1975	LLK
N⁺	24.3	N	EI	Smyth, Schiavone, et al., 1973	LLK
N⁺	24.4 ± 0.25	N	EI	Crowe and McConkey, 1973	LLK
N⁺	24.32 ± 0.03	N	EI	Hierl and Franklin, 1967	RDSH
N⁺	48. ± 2.	N⁺	EI	Hierl and Franklin, 1967	RDSH
N⁺	24.32 ± 0.02	N	EI	Frost and McDowell, 1956	RDSH

References

Go To: Top, Gas phase ion energetics data, Notes

Hunter and Lias, 1998
Hunter, E.P.; Lias, S.G., Evaluated Gas Phase Basicities and Proton Affinities of Molecules: An Update, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 1998, 27, 3, 413-656, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.556018 . [all data]

Trickl, Cromwell, et al., 1989
Trickl, T.; Cromwell, E.F.; Lee, Y.T.; Kung, A.H., State-selective ionization of nitrogen in the X₂ =0 and v =1 states by two-color (1+1) photon excitation near threshold, J. Chem. Phys., 1989, 91, 6006. [all data]

Stephen, Mark, et al., 1984
Stephen, K.; Mark, T.D.; Futrell, J.H.; Helm, H., Electron impact ionization of (N₂)₂: Appearance energies of N₃⁺ and N₄⁺, J. Chem. Phys., 1984, 80, 3185. [all data]

Grade, Wienecke, et al., 1983
Grade, M.; Wienecke, J.; Rosinger, W.; Hirschwald, W., Electron impact investigation of the molecules SeS(g) and TeSe(g) under high-temperature equilibrium conditions, Ber. Bunsen-Ges. Phys. Chem., 1983, 87, 355. [all data]

Kimura, Katsumata, et al., 1981
Kimura, K.; Katsumata, S.; Achiba, Y.; Yamazaki, T.; Iwata, S., Ionization energies, Ab initio assignments, and valence electronic structure for 200 molecules in Handbook of HeI Photoelectron Spectra of Fundamental Organic Compounds, Japan Scientific Soc. Press, Tokyo, 1981. [all data]

Armentrout, Tarr, et al., 1981
Armentrout, P.B.; Tarr, S.M.; Dori, A.; Freund, R.S., Electron impact ionization cross section of metastable N₂ (A₂Σu⁺), J. Chem. Phys., 1981, 75, 2788. [all data]

Huber and Herzberg, 1979
Huber, K.P.; Herzberg, G., Molecular Spectra and Molecular Structure. IV. Constants of Diatomic Molecules,, Van Nostrand Reinhold Co., 1979, ,1. [all data]

Sahini, Constantin, et al., 1978
Sahini, V.E.; Constantin, V.; Serban, I., Determination of ionization potentials using a MI-1305 mass spectrometer, Rev. Roum. Chim., 1978, 23, 479. [all data]

Rabalais, Debies, et al., 1974
Rabalais, J.W.; Debies, T.P.; Berkosky, J.L.; Huang, J.-T.J.; Ellison, F.O., Calculated photoionization cross sections relative experimental photoionization intensities for a selection of small molecules, J. Chem. Phys., 1974, 61, 516. [all data]

Lee and Rabalais, 1974
Lee, T.H.; Rabalais, J.W., Vibrational transition probabilities in photoelectron spectra, J. Chem. Phys., 1974, 61, 2747. [all data]

Natalis, 1973
Natalis, P., Contribution a la spectroscopie photoelectronique. Effets de l'autoionisation dans less spectres photoelectroniques de molecules diatomiques et triatomiques, Acad. R. Belg. Mem. Cl. Sci. Collect. 8, 1973, 41, 1. [all data]

Hotop and Niehaus, 1970
Hotop, H.; Niehaus, A., Reactions of excited atoms and molecules with atoms and molecules. V.Comparison of Penning electron and photoelectron spectra of H₂, N₂ and CO, Intern. J. Mass Spectrom. Ion Phys., 1970, 5, 415. [all data]

Cermak, 1968
Cermak, V., Penning ionization electron spectroscopy. I. Determination of ionization potentials of polyatomic molecules, Collection Czech. Chem. Commun., 1968, 33, 2739. [all data]

Cook and Metzger, 1964
Cook, G.R.; Metzger, P.H., Photoionization and absorption cross sections of O₂ and N₂ in the 600- to 1000-A region, J. Chem. Phys., 1964, 41, 321. [all data]

Ogawa and Tanaka, 1962
Ogawa, M.; Tanaka, Y., Rydberg absorption series of N₂, Can. J. Phys., 1962, 40, 1593. [all data]

Worley, 1943
Worley, R.E., Absorption spectrum of N₂ in the extreme ultraviolet, Phys. Rev., 1943, 64, 207. [all data]

Worley and Jenkins, 1938
Worley, R.E.; Jenkins, F.A., A new Rydberg series in N₂, Phys. Rev., 1938, 54, 305. [all data]

Potts and Williams, 1974
Potts, A.W.; Williams, T.A., The observation of "forbidden" transitions in He II photoelectron spectra, J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom., 1974, 3, 3. [all data]

Katrib, Debies, et al., 1973
Katrib, A.; Debies, T.P.; Colton, R.J.; Lee, T.H.; Rabalais, J.W., The use of differential photoionization cross sections as a function of excitation energy in assigning photoelectron spectra, Chem. Phys. Lett., 1973, 22, 196. [all data]

Locht, Schopman, et al., 1975
Locht, R.; Schopman, J.; Wankenne, H.; Momigny, J., The dissociative ionization of nitrogen, Chem. Phys., 1975, 7, 393. [all data]

Smyth, Schiavone, et al., 1973
Smyth, K.C.; Schiavone, J.A.; Freund, R.S., Dissociative excitation of N₂ by electron impact: Translational spectroscopy of long-lived high- Rydberg fragment atoms, J. Chem. Phys., 1973, 59, 5225. [all data]

Crowe and McConkey, 1973
Crowe, A.; McConkey, J.W., Dissociative ionization by electron impact II. N⁺ N⁺⁺ from N₂, J. Phys. B:, 1973, 6, 2108. [all data]

Hierl and Franklin, 1967
Hierl, P.M.; Franklin, J.L., Appearance potentials and kinetic energies of ions from N₂, CO, and NO, J. Chem. Phys., 1967, 47, 3154. [all data]

Frost and McDowell, 1956
Frost, D.C.; McDowell, C.A., The dissociation energy of the nitrogen molecule, Proc. Roy. Soc. (London), 1956, A236, 278. [all data]

Notes

Go To: Top, Gas phase ion energetics data, References

Symbols used in this document:

AE Appearance energy

IE (evaluated) Recommended ionization energy
Data from NIST Standard Reference Database 69: NIST Chemistry WebBook
The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) uses its best efforts to deliver a high quality copy of the Database and to verify that the data contained therein have been selected on the basis of sound scientific judgment. However, NIST makes no warranties to that effect, and NIST shall not be liable for any damage that may result from errors or omissions in the Database.
Customer support for NIST Standard Reference Data products.

AE	Appearance energy
IE (evaluated)	Recommended ionization energy