Nitrous oxide

Formula: N₂O
Molecular weight: 44.0128
IUPAC Standard InChI: InChI=1S/N2O/c1-2-3
IUPAC Standard InChIKey: GQPLMRYTRLFLPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N
CAS Registry Number: 10024-97-2
Chemical structure:
This structure is also available as a 2d Mol file or as a computed 3d SD file
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Other names: Nitrogen oxide (N2O); Dinitrogen monoxide; Dinitrogen oxide; Laughing gas; N2O; Factitious air; Hyponitrous acid anhydride; Nitrogen oxide; UN 1070; UN 2201; Nitrogen monoxide; Nitral
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Information on this page:
Other data available:
- Gas phase thermochemistry data
- Phase change data
- Reaction thermochemistry data: reactions 1 to 50, reactions 51 to 83
- Henry's Law data
- Ion clustering data
- IR Spectrum
- Mass spectrum (electron ionization)
- Fluid Properties
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Gas phase ion energetics data

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Data evaluated as indicated in comments:
HL - Edward P. Hunter and Sharon G. Lias
L - Sharon G. Lias

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
LLK - Sharon G. Lias, Rhoda D. Levin, and Sherif A. Kafafi
RDSH - Henry M. Rosenstock, Keith Draxl, Bruce W. Steiner, and John T. Herron
LBLHLM - Sharon G. Lias, John E. Bartmess, Joel F. Liebman, John L. Holmes, Rhoda D. Levin, and W. Gary Mallard
B - John E. Bartmess

View reactions leading to N₂O⁺ (ion structure unspecified)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
IE (evaluated)	12.889 ± 0.004	eV	N/A	N/A	L
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Proton affinity (review)	549.8	kJ/mol	N/A	Hunter and Lias, 1998	at N; HL
Proton affinity (review)	575.2	kJ/mol	N/A	Hunter and Lias, 1998	at O; HL
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Gas basicity	523.3	kJ/mol	N/A	Hunter and Lias, 1998	at N; HL
Gas basicity	548.7	kJ/mol	N/A	Hunter and Lias, 1998	at O; HL

Electron affinity determinations

EA (eV)	Method	Reference	Comment
0.22 ± 0.10	CIDT	Tiernan and Wu, 1978	B
>-0.15 ± 0.10	NBIE	Nalley, Compton, et al., 1973	B
0.27 ± 0.17	ECD	Wentworth, Chen, et al., 1971	B
<0.76 ± 0.10	LPES	Coe, Snodgrass, et al., 1986	Vertical Detachment Energy: ca. 1.5 eV. Anion bent, with little Franck-Condon overlap; B

Ionization energy determinations

IE (eV)	Method	Reference	Comment
12.89	PE	Kimura, Katsumata, et al., 1981	LLK
12. ± 1.	PI	Hitchcock, Brion, et al., 1980	LLK
12.91 ± 0.03	EI	Sahini, Constantin, et al., 1978	LLK
12.886 ± 0.002	PE	Berkowitz and Eland, 1977	LLK
12.88 ± 0.005	PI	Coppens, Smets, et al., 1974	LLK
12.89 ± 0.005	PI	Coppens, Smets, et al., 1974	LLK
12.90	PE	Eland, 1973	LLK
12.891 ± 0.008	PE	Collin and Natalis, 1969	RDSH
12.893 ± 0.005	PE	Brundle and Turner, 1969	RDSH
12.89	PI	Cook, Metzger, et al., 1968	RDSH
12.888 ± 0.007	PI	Dibeler and Walker, 1967	RDSH
12.8 ± 0.05	EI	Carette, 1967	RDSH
12.882 ± 0.008	PI	Nicholson, 1965	RDSH
12.894	S	Tanaka, Jursa, et al., 1960	RDSH
12.89	PE	Potts and Williams, 1974	Vertical value; LLK

Appearance energy determinations

Ion	AE (eV)	Other Products	Method	Reference	Comment
N⁺	20. ± 1.	NO	PI	Hitchcock, Brion, et al., 1980	LLK
N⁺	19.494	NO	PE	Berkowitz and Eland, 1977	LLK
N⁺	20.06	NO	PE	Dibeler, Walker, et al., 1967	RDSH
NO⁺	15.3 ± 0.1	N	EI	Olivier, Locht, et al., 1982	LBLHLM
NO⁺	16. ± 1.	N	PI	Hitchcock, Brion, et al., 1980	LLK
NO⁺	16.53 ± 0.01	N	PI	Coppens, Smets, et al., 1974	LLK
NO⁺	15.01	N	PI	Coppens, Smets, et al., 1974	LLK
NO⁺	17.73 ± 0.01	N	PI	Coppens, Smets, et al., 1974	LLK
NO⁺	14.3 ± 0.3	N(4Sø)	EI	Coleman, Delderfield, et al., 1969	RDSH
NO⁺	17.74	N(2Pø)?	PI	Dibeler and Walker, 1967	RDSH
NO⁺	16.53	N(2Dø)?	PI	Dibeler and Walker, 1967	RDSH
NO⁺	15.01	N(4Sø)	PI	Dibeler and Walker, 1967	RDSH
NO⁺	13.75 ± 0.10	N(4Sø)	EI	Curran and Fox, 1961	RDSH
N₂⁺	17.3 ± 0.2	O	EI	Olivier, Locht, et al., 1982	LBLHLM
N₂⁺	18. ± 1.	O	PI	Hitchcock, Brion, et al., 1980	LLK
N₂⁺	17.29	O	PI	Dibeler, 1967	RDSH
O⁺	15. ± 1.	N₂	PI	Hitchcock, Brion, et al., 1980	LLK
O⁺	15.31	N₂	PI	Dibeler, Walker, et al., 1967	RDSH

Gas Chromatography

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Data compiled by: NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, William E. Wallace, director

Normal alkane RI, non-polar column, custom temperature program

View large format table.

Column type	Active phase	I	Reference	Comment
Capillary	SPB-1	182.	Flanagan, Streete, et al., 1997	60. m/0.53 mm/5. μm, He; Program: 40C(6min) => 5C/min => 80C => 10C/min => 200C
Capillary	SPB-1	182.	Strete, Ruprah, et al., 1992	60. m/0.53 mm/5.0 μm, Helium; Program: 40 0C (6 min) 5 0C/min -> 80 0C 10 0C/min -> 200 0C

References

Go To: Top, Gas phase ion energetics data, Gas Chromatography, Notes

Hunter and Lias, 1998
Hunter, E.P.; Lias, S.G., Evaluated Gas Phase Basicities and Proton Affinities of Molecules: An Update, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 1998, 27, 3, 413-656, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.556018 . [all data]

Tiernan and Wu, 1978
Tiernan, T.O.; Wu, R.L.C., Thermochemical Data for Molecular Negative Ions from Collisional Dissociation Thresholds, Adv. Mass Spectrom., 1978, 7A, 136. [all data]

Nalley, Compton, et al., 1973
Nalley, S.J.; Compton, R.N.; Schweinler, H.C.; Anderson, V.E., Molecular electron affinities from collisional ionization of cesium. I. NO, NO₂, and N₂O, J. Chem. Phys., 1973, 59, 4125. [all data]

Wentworth, Chen, et al., 1971
Wentworth, W.E.; Chen, E.; Freeman, R., Thermal electron attachment to N₂O, J. Chem. Phys., 1971, 55, 2075. [all data]

Coe, Snodgrass, et al., 1986
Coe, J.V.; Snodgrass, J.T.; Freidhoff, C.B.; McHugh, K.M.; Bowen, K.H., Negative ion photoelectron spectroscopy of N₂O^- and (N₂O)₂^-, Chem. Phys. Lett., 1986, 124, 274. [all data]

Kimura, Katsumata, et al., 1981
Kimura, K.; Katsumata, S.; Achiba, Y.; Yamazaki, T.; Iwata, S., Ionization energies, Ab initio assignments, and valence electronic structure for 200 molecules in Handbook of HeI Photoelectron Spectra of Fundamental Organic Compounds, Japan Scientific Soc. Press, Tokyo, 1981. [all data]

Hitchcock, Brion, et al., 1980
Hitchcock, A.P.; Brion, C.E.; Van der Wiel, M.J., Absolute oscillator strengths for valence-shell ionic photofragmentation of N₂O and CO₂(8-75 eV), Chem. Phys., 1980, 45, 461. [all data]

Sahini, Constantin, et al., 1978
Sahini, V.E.; Constantin, V.; Serban, I., Determination of ionization potentials using a MI-1305 mass spectrometer, Rev. Roum. Chim., 1978, 23, 479. [all data]

Berkowitz and Eland, 1977
Berkowitz, J.; Eland, J.H.D., Photoionization of N₂O: Mechanisms of photoionization and ion dissociation, J. Chem. Phys., 1977, 67, 2740. [all data]

Coppens, Smets, et al., 1974
Coppens, P.; Smets, J.; Fishel, M.G.; Drowart, J., Mass spectrometric study of the photoionization of nitrous oxide in the wavelength interval 1000-600 A, Int. J. Mass Spectrom. Ion Phys., 1974, 14, 57. [all data]

Eland, 1973
Eland, J.H.D., Predissociation of N₂O⁺ and COS⁺ ions studied by photoelectronphotoion coincidence spectroscopy, Int. J. Mass Spectrom. Ion Phys., 1973, 12, 389. [all data]

Collin and Natalis, 1969
Collin, J.E.; Natalis, P., Determination des etats electroniques et des niveaux de vibration des ions moleculaires par spectroscopie de photoelectrons, Bull. Classe Sci. Acad. Roy. Belg., 1969, 55, 352. [all data]

Brundle and Turner, 1969
Brundle, C.R.; Turner, D.W., Studies on the photoionisation of the linear triatomic molecules: N₂O, COS, CS₂ and CO₂ using high-resolution photoelectron spectroscopy, Intern. J. Mass Spectrom. Ion Phys., 1969, 2, 195. [all data]

Cook, Metzger, et al., 1968
Cook, G.R.; Metzger, P.H.; Ogawa, M., Photoionization and absorption coefficients of N₂O, J. Opt. Soc. Am., 1968, 58, 129. [all data]

Dibeler and Walker, 1967
Dibeler, V.H.; Walker, J.A., Mass spectrometric study of the photoionization of small polyatomic molecules, Advan. Mass Spectrom., 1967, 4, 767. [all data]

Carette, 1967
Carette, J.-D., Ionisation par impact electronique de CO₂ et N₂O, Can. J. Phys., 1967, 45, 2931. [all data]

Nicholson, 1965
Nicholson, A.J.C., Photoionization-efficiency curves. II. False and genuine structure, J. Chem. Phys., 1965, 43, 1171. [all data]

Tanaka, Jursa, et al., 1960
Tanaka, Y.; Jursa, A.S.; LeBlanc, F.J., Higher ionization potentials of linear triatomic molecules. II. CS₂, COS, and N₂O, J. Chem. Phys., 1960, 32, 1205. [all data]

Potts and Williams, 1974
Potts, A.W.; Williams, T.A., The observation of "forbidden" transitions in He II photoelectron spectra, J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom., 1974, 3, 3. [all data]

Dibeler, Walker, et al., 1967
Dibeler, V.H.; Walker, J.A.; Liston, S.K., Mass spectrometric study of photoionization. VII.Nitrogen dioxide and nitrous oxide, J.Res. NBS, 1967, 71A, 371. [all data]

Olivier, Locht, et al., 1982
Olivier, J.L.; Locht, R.; Momigny, J., A dissociative electroionization study of nitrous oxide. The No and N₂ dissociation channels, Chem. Phys., 1982, 68, 201. [all data]

Coleman, Delderfield, et al., 1969
Coleman, R.J.; Delderfield, J.S.; Reuben, B.G., The gas-phase decomposition of the nitrous oxide ion, Intern. J. Mass Spectrom. Ion Phys., 1969, 2, 25. [all data]

Curran and Fox, 1961
Curran, R.K.; Fox, R.E., Mass spectrometer investigation of ionization of N₂O by electron impact, J. Chem. Phys., 1961, 34, 1590. [all data]

Dibeler, 1967
Dibeler, V.H., N₂O bond dissociation energy by photon impact, J. Chem. Phys., 1967, 47, 2191. [all data]

Flanagan, Streete, et al., 1997
Flanagan, R.J.; Streete, P.J.; Ramsey, J.D., Volatile Substance Abuse, UNODC Technical Series, No 5, United Nations, Office on Drugs and Crime, Vienna International Centre, PO Box 500, A-1400 Vienna, Austria, 1997, 56, retrieved from http://www.odccp.org/pdf/technical_series₁997-01-01₁.pdf. [all data]

Strete, Ruprah, et al., 1992
Strete, P.J.; Ruprah, M.; Ramsey, J.D.; Flanagan, R.J., Detection and identification of volatile substances by headspace capillary gas chromatography to aid the diagnosis of acute poisoning, Analyst, 1992, 117, 7, 1111-1127, https://doi.org/10.1039/an9921701111 . [all data]

Notes

Go To: Top, Gas phase ion energetics data, Gas Chromatography, References

Symbols used in this document:

AE Appearance energy

EA Electron affinity

IE (evaluated) Recommended ionization energy
Data from NIST Standard Reference Database 69: NIST Chemistry WebBook
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AE	Appearance energy
EA	Electron affinity
IE (evaluated)	Recommended ionization energy