Formaldehyde

• Formula: CH₂O
• Molecular weight: 30.0260
• IUPAC Standard InChI: InChI=1S/CH2O/c1-2/h1H2 Copy

  
• IUPAC Standard InChIKey: WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copy
• CAS Registry Number: 50-00-0
• Chemical structure:
  This structure is also available as a 2d Mol file or as a computed 3d SD file
  The 3d structure may be viewed using Java or Javascript.
• Isotopologues:
  • methanal-d
• Other names: Methanal; BFV; Fannoform; Formaldehyde, gas; Formalin; Formalith; Formic aldehyde; Formol; Fyde; Lysoform; Methyl aldehyde; Methylene oxide; Morbicid; Oxomethane; Oxymethylene; Paraform; Superlysoform; Karsan; Methaldehyde; Aldehyde formique; Aldeide formica; Formaldehyd; Formalin-loesungen; Formalina; Formaline; NCI-C02799; Oplossingen; Aldehyd mravenci; Formalin 40; Rcra waste number U122; UN 1198; UN 2209; H2CO; Durine; Hercules 37M6-8; CH2O; NSC 298885; Fordor
• Permanent link for this species. Use this link for bookmarking this species for future reference.
• Information on this page:
  • Gas phase thermochemistry data
  • Phase change data
  • Reaction thermochemistry data
  • Gas phase ion energetics data
  • Ion clustering data
  • IR Spectrum
  • Mass spectrum (electron ionization)
  • Vibrational and/or electronic energy levels
  • References
  • Notes
• Other data available:
  • Gas Chromatography
• Data at other public NIST sites:
  • Electron-Impact Ionization Cross Sections (on physics web site)
  • Gas Phase Kinetics Database
  • X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy Database, version 5.0
• Options:
  • Switch to SI units

Data at NIST subscription sites:

• NIST / TRC Web Thermo Tables, "lite" edition (thermophysical and thermochemical data)
• NIST / TRC Web Thermo Tables, professional edition (thermophysical and thermochemical data)

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Gas phase thermochemistry data

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
ALS - Hussein Y. Afeefy, Joel F. Liebman, and Stephen E. Stein
GT - Glushko Thermocenter, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow

Constant pressure heat capacity of gas

Gas Phase Heat Capacity (Shomate Equation)

C_p° = A + B*t + C*t² + D*t³ + E/t²
H° − H°_298.15= A*t + B*t²/2 + C*t³/3 + D*t⁴/4 − E/t + F − H
S° = A*ln(t) + B*t + C*t²/2 + D*t³/3 − E/(2*t²) + G
    C_p = heat capacity (cal/mol*K)
    H° = standard enthalpy (kcal/mol)
    S° = standard entropy (cal/mol*K)
    t = temperature (K) / 1000.

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View table.

Phase change data

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
TRC - Thermodynamics Research Center, NIST Boulder Laboratories, Chris Muzny director
AC - William E. Acree, Jr., James S. Chickos

Enthalpy of vaporization

Antoine Equation Parameters

log₁₀(P) = A − (B / (T + C))
    P = vapor pressure (atm)
    T = temperature (K)

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Enthalpy of fusion

Reaction thermochemistry data

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
M - Michael M. Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Sharon G. Lias
B - John E. Bartmess
ALS - Hussein Y. Afeefy, Joel F. Liebman, and Stephen E. Stein
RCD - Robert C. Dunbar

Note: Please consider using the reaction search for this species. This page allows searching of all reactions involving this species. A general reaction search form is also available. Future versions of this site may rely on reaction search pages in place of the enumerated reaction displays seen below.

Individual Reactions

 +  = ( • )

By formula: CH₃O⁺ + CH₂O = (CH₃O⁺ • CH₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bonds of the type OH-O between organics

 +  = ( • )

By formula: Li⁺ + CH₂O = (Li⁺ • CH₂O)

(CH₃O^- • 4294967295) +  = CH₃O^-

By formula: (CH₃O^- • 4294967295CH₂O) + CH₂O = CH₃O^-

CHO^- +  =

By formula: CHO^- + H⁺ = CH₂O

CH₂N⁺ +  = (CH₂N⁺ • )

By formula: CH₂N⁺ + CH₂O = (CH₂N⁺ • CH₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bonds of the type NH+-O between organics

=  + 

By formula: C₃H₉NO = C₂H₇N + CH₂O

 +  =  + 2

By formula: C₃H₈O₂ + H₂O = CH₂O + 2CH₄O

 +  =

By formula: CH₂O + C₃H₈N₂O = C₄H₁₀N₂O₂

2 +  =  + 

By formula: 2C₂H₇N + CH₂O = C₅H₁₄N₂ + H₂O

( • 2) +  = ( • 3)

By formula: (Fe⁺ • 2CH₂O) + CH₂O = (Fe⁺ • 3CH₂O)

( • 3) +  = ( • 4)

By formula: (Fe⁺ • 3CH₂O) + CH₂O = (Fe⁺ • 4CH₂O)

( • ) +  = ( • 2)

By formula: (Fe⁺ • CH₂O) + CH₂O = (Fe⁺ • 2CH₂O)

 +  =

By formula: C₂H₇N + CH₂O = C₃H₉NO

 +  =

By formula: H₂ + CO = CH₂O

 +  = ( • )

By formula: Fe⁺ + CH₂O = (Fe⁺ • CH₂O)

 +  = ( • )

By formula: Al⁺ + CH₂O = (Al⁺ • CH₂O)

= 3

By formula: C₃H₆O₃ = 3CH₂O

3 =

By formula: 3CH₂O = C₃H₆O₃

Gas phase ion energetics data

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data evaluated as indicated in comments:
HL - Edward P. Hunter and Sharon G. Lias
L - Sharon G. Lias

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
B - John E. Bartmess
MM - Michael M. Meot-Ner (Mautner)
LL - Sharon G. Lias and Joel F. Liebman
LBLHLM - Sharon G. Lias, John E. Bartmess, Joel F. Liebman, John L. Holmes, Rhoda D. Levin, and W. Gary Mallard
LLK - Sharon G. Lias, Rhoda D. Levin, and Sherif A. Kafafi
RDSH - Henry M. Rosenstock, Keith Draxl, Bruce W. Steiner, and John T. Herron

View reactions leading to CH₂O⁺ (ion structure unspecified)

Proton affinity at 298K

Gas basicity at 298K

Ionization energy determinations

Appearance energy determinations

De-protonation reactions

CHO^- +  =

By formula: CHO^- + H⁺ = CH₂O

Ion clustering data

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
RCD - Robert C. Dunbar
M - Michael M. Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Sharon G. Lias
B - John E. Bartmess

Note: Please consider using the reaction search for this species. This page allows searching of all reactions involving this species. Searches may be limited to ion clustering reactions. A general reaction search form is also available.

Clustering reactions

 +  = ( • )

By formula: Al⁺ + CH₂O = (Al⁺ • CH₂O)

CH₂N⁺ +  = (CH₂N⁺ • )

By formula: CH₂N⁺ + CH₂O = (CH₂N⁺ • CH₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bonds of the type NH+-O between organics

 +  = ( • )

By formula: CH₃O⁺ + CH₂O = (CH₃O⁺ • CH₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bonds of the type OH-O between organics

(CH₃O^- • 4294967295) +  = CH₃O^-

By formula: (CH₃O^- • 4294967295CH₂O) + CH₂O = CH₃O^-

 +  = ( • )

By formula: Fe⁺ + CH₂O = (Fe⁺ • CH₂O)

( • ) +  = ( • 2)

By formula: (Fe⁺ • CH₂O) + CH₂O = (Fe⁺ • 2CH₂O)

( • 2) +  = ( • 3)

By formula: (Fe⁺ • 2CH₂O) + CH₂O = (Fe⁺ • 3CH₂O)

( • 3) +  = ( • 4)

By formula: (Fe⁺ • 3CH₂O) + CH₂O = (Fe⁺ • 4CH₂O)

 +  = ( • )

By formula: Li⁺ + CH₂O = (Li⁺ • CH₂O)

IR Spectrum

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Data compiled by: Coblentz Society, Inc.

• GAS (HEATING PARAFORMALDEHYDE; CONCENTRATION UNKNOWN); PERKIN-ELMER 297; DIGITIZED BY NIST FROM HARD COPY (FROM TWO SEGMENTS); 4 cm^-1 resolution
• SOLUTION (UNKNOWN CONCENTRATION IN CCl4) VS. CCl4; PERKIN-ELMER 297; DIGITIZED BY NIST FROM HARD COPY (FROM TWO SEGMENTS); 4 cm^-1 resolution

Mass spectrum (electron ionization)

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled by: NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, William E. Wallace, director

Spectrum

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Additional Data

Vibrational and/or electronic energy levels

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled by: Takehiko Shimanouchi

Symmetry:   C_2ν     Symmetry Number σ = 2

Source: Shimanouchi, 1972

Notes

References

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Ion clustering data, IR Spectrum, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), Vibrational and/or electronic energy levels, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

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Rao, 1975
Rao, C.N.R., Lone-pair ionization bands of chromophores in the photoelectron spectra of organic molecules, Indian J. Chem., 1975, 13, 950. [all data]

Wankenne, Caprace, et al., 1984
Wankenne, H.; Caprace, G.; Momigny, J., Unimolecular decay of metastable ions in formaldehyde, Int. J. Mass Spectrom. Ion Processes, 1984, 57, 149. [all data]

Brand and Reed, 1957
Brand, J.C.D.; Reed, R.I., The electronic spectrum of formaldehyde. Part II. Mechanisms of dissociation of formaldehyde and the formaldehyde molecular ion, J. Chem. Soc., 1957, 2386. [all data]

Shimanouchi, 1972
Shimanouchi, T., Tables of Molecular Vibrational Frequencies Consolidated Volume I, National Bureau of Standards, 1972, 1-160. [all data]

Notes

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Ion clustering data, IR Spectrum, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), Vibrational and/or electronic energy levels, References

• Symbols used in this document:
  

  AE	Appearance energy
  Cp,gas	Constant pressure heat capacity of gas
  IE (evaluated)	Recommended ionization energy
  S°gas,1 bar	Entropy of gas at standard conditions (1 bar)
  Tboil	Boiling point
  Tfus	Fusion (melting) point
  Ttriple	Triple point temperature
  ΔcH°gas	Enthalpy of combustion of gas at standard conditions
  ΔfH(+) ion,0K	Enthalpy of formation of positive ion at 0K
  ΔfH°gas	Enthalpy of formation of gas at standard conditions
  ΔfusH	Enthalpy of fusion
  ΔrG°	Free energy of reaction at standard conditions
  ΔrH°	Enthalpy of reaction at standard conditions
  ΔrS°	Entropy of reaction at standard conditions
  ΔvapH	Enthalpy of vaporization

• Data from NIST Standard Reference Database 69: NIST Chemistry WebBook
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