Hydrogen sulfide

• Formula: H₂S
• Molecular weight: 34.081
• IUPAC Standard InChI: InChI=1S/H2S/h1H2 Copy

  
• IUPAC Standard InChIKey: RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copy
• CAS Registry Number: 7783-06-4
• Chemical structure:
  This structure is also available as a 2d Mol file or as a computed 3d SD file
  The 3d structure may be viewed using Java or Javascript.
• Other names: Dihydrogen monosulfide; Dihydrogen sulfide; Hydrosulfuric acid; Stink damp; Sulfur hydride; Sulfureted hydrogen; H2S; Sulfuretted hydrogen; Hydrogen sulphide; Hydrogen sulfide (H2S); Acide sulfhydrique; Hydrogene sulfure; Idrogeno solforato; Rcra waste number U135; Schwefelwasserstoff; Siarkowodor; UN 1053; Zwavelwaterstof; Hepatic gas; Hepatic acid; Hydrogen monosulfide; Sewer gas
• Permanent link for this species. Use this link for bookmarking this species for future reference.
• Information on this page:
  • Gas phase thermochemistry data
  • Phase change data
  • Reaction thermochemistry data
  • Henry's Law data
  • Gas phase ion energetics data
  • Ion clustering data
  • IR Spectrum
  • Mass spectrum (electron ionization)
  • Vibrational and/or electronic energy levels
  • References
  • Notes
• Other data available:
  • Gas Chromatography
  • Fluid Properties
• Data at other public NIST sites:
  • Microwave spectra (on physics lab web site)
  • Electron-Impact Ionization Cross Sections (on physics web site)
  • Gas Phase Kinetics Database
  • X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy Database, version 5.0
• Options:
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Gas phase thermochemistry data

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Gas Phase Heat Capacity (Shomate Equation)

C_p° = A + B*t + C*t² + D*t³ + E/t²
H° − H°_298.15= A*t + B*t²/2 + C*t³/3 + D*t⁴/4 − E/t + F − H
S° = A*ln(t) + B*t + C*t²/2 + D*t³/3 − E/(2*t²) + G
    C_p = heat capacity (cal/mol*K)
    H° = standard enthalpy (kcal/mol)
    S° = standard entropy (cal/mol*K)
    t = temperature (K) / 1000.

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View table.

Phase change data

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
TRC - Thermodynamics Research Center, NIST Boulder Laboratories, Chris Muzny director
AC - William E. Acree, Jr., James S. Chickos

Enthalpy of vaporization

Antoine Equation Parameters

log₁₀(P) = A − (B / (T + C))
    P = vapor pressure (atm)
    T = temperature (K)

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Enthalpy of sublimation

Reaction thermochemistry data

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
B - John E. Bartmess
M - Michael M. Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Sharon G. Lias
ALS - Hussein Y. Afeefy, Joel F. Liebman, and Stephen E. Stein

Note: Please consider using the reaction search for this species. This page allows searching of all reactions involving this species. A general reaction search form is also available. Future versions of this site may rely on reaction search pages in place of the enumerated reaction displays seen below.

Individual Reactions

HS^- +  =

By formula: HS^- + H⁺ = H₂S

 +  = ( • )

By formula: F^- + H₂S = (F^- • H₂S)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

H₃S⁺ +  = (H₃S⁺ • )

By formula: H₃S⁺ + H₂S = (H₃S⁺ • H₂S)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

CN^- +  = (CN^- • )

By formula: CN^- + H₂S = (CN^- • H₂S)

(H₃S⁺ • 3) +  = (H₃S⁺ • 4)

By formula: (H₃S⁺ • 3H₂S) + H₂S = (H₃S⁺ • 4H₂S)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

(H₃S⁺ • 2) +  = (H₃S⁺ • 3)

By formula: (H₃S⁺ • 2H₂S) + H₂S = (H₃S⁺ • 3H₂S)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

(H₃S⁺ • ) +  = (H₃S⁺ •  • )

By formula: (H₃S⁺ • H₂S) + H₂O = (H₃S⁺ • H₂O • H₂S)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

(H₃S⁺ • ) +  = (H₃S⁺ • 2)

By formula: (H₃S⁺ • H₂S) + H₂S = (H₃S⁺ • 2H₂S)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

(H₃S⁺ • 4) +  = (H₃S⁺ • 5)

By formula: (H₃S⁺ • 4H₂S) + H₂S = (H₃S⁺ • 5H₂S)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Free energy of reaction

CH₆N⁺ +  = (CH₆N⁺ • )

By formula: CH₆N⁺ + H₂S = (CH₆N⁺ • H₂S)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Free energy of reaction

HS^- +  = (HS^- • )

By formula: HS^- + H₂S = (HS^- • H₂S)

 +  = ( • )

By formula: H₄N⁺ + H₂S = (H₄N⁺ • H₂S)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

C₃H₇⁺ +  = (C₃H₇⁺ • )

By formula: C₃H₇⁺ + H₂S = (C₃H₇⁺ • H₂S)

 +  =  + 

By formula: COS + H₂O = CO₂ + H₂S

(H₂S⁺ • ) +  = (H₂S⁺ • 2)

By formula: (H₂S⁺ • H₂S) + H₂S = (H₂S⁺ • 2H₂S)

 +  = ( • )

By formula: I^- + H₂S = (I^- • H₂S)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

H₂S⁺ +  = (H₂S⁺ • )

By formula: H₂S⁺ + H₂S = (H₂S⁺ • H₂S)

 +  =  + 

By formula: C₂H₄OS + H₂O = C₂H₄O₂ + H₂S

F₅S^- +  = (F₅S^- • )

By formula: F₅S^- + H₂S = (F₅S^- • H₂S)

(H₂S⁺ • 2) +  = (H₂S⁺ • 3)

By formula: (H₂S⁺ • 2H₂S) + H₂S = (H₂S⁺ • 3H₂S)

(H₂S⁺ • 3) +  = (H₂S⁺ • 4)

By formula: (H₂S⁺ • 3H₂S) + H₂S = (H₂S⁺ • 4H₂S)

(H₂S⁺ • 4) +  = (H₂S⁺ • 5)

By formula: (H₂S⁺ • 4H₂S) + H₂S = (H₂S⁺ • 5H₂S)

=  + 

By formula: CH₂S₃ = CS₂ + H₂S

 +  = H₂NOS^-

By formula: NO^- + H₂S = H₂NOS^-

Henry's Law data

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled by: Rolf Sander

Henry's Law constant (water solution)

k_H(T) = k°_H exp(d(ln(k_H))/d(1/T) ((1/T) - 1/(298.15 K)))
k°_H = Henry's law constant for solubility in water at 298.15 K (mol/(kg*bar))
d(ln(k_H))/d(1/T) = Temperature dependence constant (K)

Gas phase ion energetics data

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data evaluated as indicated in comments:
HL - Edward P. Hunter and Sharon G. Lias
L - Sharon G. Lias

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
B - John E. Bartmess
LBLHLM - Sharon G. Lias, John E. Bartmess, Joel F. Liebman, John L. Holmes, Rhoda D. Levin, and W. Gary Mallard
LLK - Sharon G. Lias, Rhoda D. Levin, and Sherif A. Kafafi
RDSH - Henry M. Rosenstock, Keith Draxl, Bruce W. Steiner, and John T. Herron

View reactions leading to H₂S⁺ (ion structure unspecified)

Ionization energy determinations

Appearance energy determinations

De-protonation reactions

HS^- +  =

By formula: HS^- + H⁺ = H₂S

Ion clustering data

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
M - Michael M. Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Sharon G. Lias
B - John E. Bartmess

Note: Please consider using the reaction search for this species. This page allows searching of all reactions involving this species. Searches may be limited to ion clustering reactions. A general reaction search form is also available.

Clustering reactions

CH₆N⁺ +  = (CH₆N⁺ • )

By formula: CH₆N⁺ + H₂S = (CH₆N⁺ • H₂S)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Free energy of reaction

CN^- +  = (CN^- • )

By formula: CN^- + H₂S = (CN^- • H₂S)

C₃H₇⁺ +  = (C₃H₇⁺ • )

By formula: C₃H₇⁺ + H₂S = (C₃H₇⁺ • H₂S)

 +  = ( • )

By formula: F^- + H₂S = (F^- • H₂S)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

F₅S^- +  = (F₅S^- • )

By formula: F₅S^- + H₂S = (F₅S^- • H₂S)

HS^- +  = (HS^- • )

By formula: HS^- + H₂S = (HS^- • H₂S)

H₂S⁺ +  = (H₂S⁺ • )

By formula: H₂S⁺ + H₂S = (H₂S⁺ • H₂S)

(H₂S⁺ • ) +  = (H₂S⁺ • 2)

By formula: (H₂S⁺ • H₂S) + H₂S = (H₂S⁺ • 2H₂S)

(H₂S⁺ • 2) +  = (H₂S⁺ • 3)

By formula: (H₂S⁺ • 2H₂S) + H₂S = (H₂S⁺ • 3H₂S)

(H₂S⁺ • 3) +  = (H₂S⁺ • 4)

By formula: (H₂S⁺ • 3H₂S) + H₂S = (H₂S⁺ • 4H₂S)

(H₂S⁺ • 4) +  = (H₂S⁺ • 5)

By formula: (H₂S⁺ • 4H₂S) + H₂S = (H₂S⁺ • 5H₂S)

H₃S⁺ +  = (H₃S⁺ • )

By formula: H₃S⁺ + H₂S = (H₃S⁺ • H₂S)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

(H₃S⁺ • ) +  = (H₃S⁺ • 2)

By formula: (H₃S⁺ • H₂S) + H₂S = (H₃S⁺ • 2H₂S)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

(H₃S⁺ • 2) +  = (H₃S⁺ • 3)

By formula: (H₃S⁺ • 2H₂S) + H₂S = (H₃S⁺ • 3H₂S)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

(H₃S⁺ • 3) +  = (H₃S⁺ • 4)

By formula: (H₃S⁺ • 3H₂S) + H₂S = (H₃S⁺ • 4H₂S)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

(H₃S⁺ • 4) +  = (H₃S⁺ • 5)

By formula: (H₃S⁺ • 4H₂S) + H₂S = (H₃S⁺ • 5H₂S)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Free energy of reaction

 +  = ( • )

By formula: H₄N⁺ + H₂S = (H₄N⁺ • H₂S)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

 +  = ( • )

By formula: I^- + H₂S = (I^- • H₂S)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

 +  = H₂NOS^-

By formula: NO^- + H₂S = H₂NOS^-

IR Spectrum

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled by: Coblentz Society, Inc.

Gas Phase Spectrum

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Notice: Except where noted, spectra from this collection were measured on dispersive instruments, often in carefully selected solvents, and hence may differ in detail from measurements on FTIR instruments or in other chemical environments. More information on the manner in which spectra in this collection were collected can be found here.

Notice: Concentration information is not available for this spectrum and, therefore, molar absorptivity values cannot be derived.

Additional Data

Mass spectrum (electron ionization)

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled by: NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, William E. Wallace, director

Spectrum

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Additional Data

Vibrational and/or electronic energy levels

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled by: Takehiko Shimanouchi

Symmetry:   C_2ν     Symmetry Number σ = 2

Source: Shimanouchi, 1972

Notes

References

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Henry's Law data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Ion clustering data, IR Spectrum, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), Vibrational and/or electronic energy levels, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Cox, Wagman, et al., 1984
Cox, J.D.; Wagman, D.D.; Medvedev, V.A., CODATA Key Values for Thermodynamics, Hemisphere Publishing Corp., New York, 1984, 1. [all data]

Chase, 1998
Chase, M.W., Jr., NIST-JANAF Themochemical Tables, Fourth Edition, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, Monograph 9, 1998, 1-1951. [all data]

Goodwin, 1983
Goodwin, R.D., Hydrogen sulfide provisional thermophysical properties from 188 to 700K at pressures to 75 MPa, Report, NBSIR-83-1694; NTIS No. PB84-122704, 177 pp., 1983. [all data]

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Beckmann, E.; Waentig, P., Cryoscopic Measurements at Low Temperatures, Z. Anorg. Chem., 1910, 67, 17. [all data]

Giauque and Blue, 1936
Giauque, W.F.; Blue, R.W., Hydrogen Sulfide. The Heat Capacity and Vapor Pressure of Solid and Liquid. The HEat of Vaporization. A Comparison of Thermooodynamic and Spectroscopic Values of the Entropy, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1936, 58, 831. [all data]

Cubitt, Henderson, et al., 1987
Cubitt, A.G.; Henderson, C.; Staveley, L.A.K.; Fonseca, I.M.A.; Ferreira, A.G.M., Some thermodynamic properties of liquid hydrogen sulphide and deuterium sulphide, J. Chem. Thermodyn., 1987, 19, 703. [all data]

Dykyj, Svoboda, et al., 1999
Dykyj, J.; Svoboda, J.; Wilhoit, R.C.; Frenkel, M.L.; Hall, K.R., Vapor Pressure of Chemicals: Part A. Vapor Pressure and Antoine Constants for Hydrocarbons and Sulfur, Selenium, Tellurium and Hydrogen Containing Organic Compounds, Springer, Berlin, 1999, 373. [all data]

Giauque and Blue, 1936, 2
Giauque, W.F.; Blue, R.W., Hydrogen Sulfide. The Heat Capacity and Vapor Pressure of Solid and Liquid. The Heat of Vaporization. A Comparison of Thermodynamic and Spectroscopic Values of the Entropy, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1936, 58, 5, 831-837, https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01296a045 . [all data]

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Clark, A.M.; Cockett, A.H.; Eisner, H.S., The Vapour Pressure of Hydrogen Sulphide, Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences, 1951, 209, 1098, 408-415, https://doi.org/10.1098/rspa.1951.0214 . [all data]

Rempala and Ervin, 2000
Rempala, K.; Ervin, K.M., Collisional activation of the Endoergic Hydrogen Atom Transfer Reaction S-(2P) + H2 - SH- + H, J. Chem. Phys., 2000, 112, 10, 4579, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.481016 . [all data]

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Bartmess, J.E.; Scott, J.A.; McIver, R.T., Jr., The gas phase acidity scale from methanol to phenol, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1979, 101, 6047. [all data]

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Shiell, R.C.; Hu, X.K.; Hu, Q.J.; Hepburn, J.W., A determination of the bond dissociation energy (D-0(H-SH)): Threshold ion-pair production spectroscopy (TIPPS) of a triatomic molecule, J. Phys. Chem. A, 1900, 104, 19, 4339-4342, https://doi.org/10.1021/jp000025k . [all data]

Gurvich, Veyts, et al.
Gurvich, L.V.; Veyts, I.V.; Alcock, C.B., Hemisphere Publishing, NY, 1989, V. 1 2, Thermodynamic Properties of Individual Substances, 4th Ed. [all data]

Breyer, Frey, et al., 1981
Breyer, F.; Frey, P.; Hotop, H., High Resolution Photoelectron Spectrometry of Negative Ions: Rotational Transitions in Laser-Photodetachment of OH-, SH-, and SD-, Z. Phys. A, 1981, 300, 1, 7, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01412609 . [all data]

Cumming and Kebarle, 1978
Cumming, J.B.; Kebarle, P., Summary of gas phase measurements involving acids AH. Entropy changes in proton transfer reactions involving negative ions. Bond dissociation energies D(A-H) and electron affinities EA(A), Can. J. Chem., 1978, 56, 1. [all data]

Check, Faust, et al., 2001
Check, C.E.; Faust, T.O.; Bailey, J.M.; Wright, B.J.; Gilbert, T.M.; Sunderlin, L.S., Addition of Polarization and Diffuse Functions to the LANL2DZ Basis Set for P-Block Elements, J. Phys. Chem. A,, 2001, 105, 34, 8111, https://doi.org/10.1021/jp011945l . [all data]

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Larson, J.W.; McMahon, T.B., Strong hydrogen bonding in gas-phase anions. An ion cyclotron resonance determination of fluoride binding energetics to bronsted acids from gas-phase fluoride exchange equilibria measurements, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1983, 105, 2944. [all data]

Wenthold and Squires, 1995
Wenthold, P.G.; Squires, R.R., Bond dissociation energies of F2(-) and HF2(-). A gas-phase experimental and G2 theoretical study, J. Phys. Chem., 1995, 99, 7, 2002, https://doi.org/10.1021/j100007a034 . [all data]

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Arshadi, M.; Yamdagni, R.; Kebarle, P., Hydration of Halide Negative Ions in the Gas Phase. II. Comparison of Hydration Energies for the Alkali Positive and Halide Negative Ions, J. Phys. Chem., 1970, 74, 7, 1475, https://doi.org/10.1021/j100702a014 . [all data]

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Hiraoka, K.; Kebarle, P., Gas Phase Ion Equilibria Studies of the Proton in Hydrogen Sulfide and Hydrogen Sulfide - Water Mixtures. Stabilities of the Hydrogen Bonded Complexes H+(H2S)x(H2O)y, Can. J. Chem., 1977, 55, 1, 24, https://doi.org/10.1139/v77-005 . [all data]

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Walters, E.A.; Blais, N.C., Molecular beam photoionization and fragmentation of D₂S, (H₂S)₂, (D₂S)₂, and H₂S.H₂O, J. Chem. Phys., 1984, 80, 3501. [all data]

Prest, Tzeng, et al., 1983
Prest, H.F.; Tzeng, W.-B.; Brom, J.M., Jr.; Ng, C.Y., Photoionization study of (H₂S)₂ and (H₂S)₃, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1983, 105, 7531. [all data]

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Meot-Ner (Mautner), M.; Field, F.H., Stability, Association and Dissociation in the Cluster Ions H3S+.nH2S, H3O+.nH2O and H3O+.H2O, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1977, 99, 4, 998, https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00446a004 . [all data]

Meot-ner, 1988
Meot-ner, M., Ionic Hydrogen Bond and Ion Solvation. ₆. Interaction Energies of the Acetate Ion with Organic Molecules. Comparison of CH₃COO^- with Cl^-, CN^-, and SH^-, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1988, 110, 12, 3854, https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00220a022 . [all data]

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Larson, J.W.; McMahon, T.B., Hydrogen bonding in gas phase anions. The energetics of interaction between cyanide ion and bronsted acids, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1987, 109, 6230. [all data]

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Cunningham, A.J.; Payzant, J.D.; Kebarle, P., A Kinetic Study of the Proton Hydrate H+(H2O)n Equilibria in the Gas Phase, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1972, 94, 22, 7627, https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00777a003 . [all data]

Lias, Liebman, et al., 1984
Lias, S.G.; Liebman, J.F.; Levin, R.D., Evaluated gas phase basicities and proton affinities of molecules heats of formation of protonated molecules, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 1984, 13, 695. [all data]

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Notes

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• Symbols used in this document:
  

  AE	Appearance energy
  IE (evaluated)	Recommended ionization energy
  Pc	Critical pressure
  Ptriple	Triple point pressure
  S°gas,1 bar	Entropy of gas at standard conditions (1 bar)
  T	Temperature
  Tboil	Boiling point
  Tc	Critical temperature
  Tfus	Fusion (melting) point
  Ttriple	Triple point temperature
  d(ln(kH))/d(1/T)	Temperature dependence parameter for Henry's Law constant
  k°H	Henry's Law constant at 298.15K
  ΔfH°gas	Enthalpy of formation of gas at standard conditions
  ΔrG°	Free energy of reaction at standard conditions
  ΔrH°	Enthalpy of reaction at standard conditions
  ΔrS°	Entropy of reaction at standard conditions
  ΔsubH	Enthalpy of sublimation
  ΔvapH	Enthalpy of vaporization
  ρc	Critical density

• Data from NIST Standard Reference Database 69: NIST Chemistry WebBook
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