Acetylacetone

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Gas phase thermochemistry data

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled by: Hussein Y. Afeefy, Joel F. Liebman, and Stephen E. Stein

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δfgas-91.87 ± 0.31kcal/molCcbHacking and Pilcher, 1979Heat of enolization=-11.3±0.4 kJ/mol
Δfgas-100.4kcal/molIonConrath, Van de Sande, et al., 1974Mass spectrometery (enol)
Δfgas-89.89 ± 0.48kcal/molCmMelia and Merrifield, 1969Thermochemical cycle

Condensed phase thermochemistry data

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled by: Hussein Y. Afeefy, Joel F. Liebman, and Stephen E. Stein

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δfliquid-102.2 ± 0.26kcal/molCcbHacking and Pilcher, 1979Heat of enolization=-11.3±0.4 kJ/mol
Δfliquid-106.9 ± 1.9kcal/molCcbVilcu and Perisanu, 1979 
Δfliquid-98.97 ± 0.48kcal/molCmMelia and Merrifield, 1969Thermochemical cycle
Δfliquid-126.42kcal/molCcbGuinchant, 1918Author hf288_condensed[kcal/mol]=-131.2 kcal/mol
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δcliquid-641.8 ± 0.2kcal/molCcbHacking and Pilcher, 1979Heat of enolization=-11.3±0.4 kJ/mol; Corresponding Δfliquid = -101.7 kcal/mol (simple calculation by NIST; no Washburn corrections)
Δcliquid-637.4 ± 2.9kcal/molCcbVilcu and Perisanu, 1979Corresponding Δfliquid = -106.09 kcal/mol (simple calculation by NIST; no Washburn corrections)
Δcliquid-642.20 ± 0.36kcal/molCcbNicholson, 1957Corresponding Δfliquid = -101.32 kcal/mol (simple calculation by NIST; no Washburn corrections)
Δcliquid-617.09kcal/molCcbGuinchant, 1918Author hf288_condensed[kcal/mol]=-131.2 kcal/mol; Corresponding Δfliquid = -126.43 kcal/mol (simple calculation by NIST; no Washburn corrections)

Phase change data

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
BS - Robert L. Brown and Stephen E. Stein
TRC - Thermodynamics Research Center, NIST Boulder Laboratories, Chris Muzny director
ALS - Hussein Y. Afeefy, Joel F. Liebman, and Stephen E. Stein
AC - William E. Acree, Jr., James S. Chickos

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Tboil411. ± 2.KAVGN/AAverage of 9 values; Individual data points
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Tfus249.95KN/ATimmermans, 1921Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.3 K; TRC
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Ttriple254.8KN/AMelia and Merrifield, 1969Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.2 K; TRC
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δvap9.986kcal/molN/AMajer and Svoboda, 1985 
Δvap10.3 ± 0.02kcal/molVHacking and Pilcher, 1979Heat of enolization=-11.3±0.4 kJ/mol; ALS
Δvap10.3 ± 0.24kcal/molCIrving and Wads, 1970ALS

Reduced pressure boiling point

Tboil (K) Pressure (atm) Reference Comment
412.20.982Weast and Grasselli, 1989BS

Enthalpy of vaporization

ΔvapH (kcal/mol) Temperature (K) Method Reference Comment
9.42347.N/AMelia and Merrifield, 2007Based on data from 297. to 398. K.; AC
8.41393.A,I,EBStephenson and Malanowski, 1987Based on data from 378. to 411. K. See also Nakanishi and Toyama, 1972.; AC
10.2303.A,EBStephenson and Malanowski, 1987Based on data from 288. to 378. K.; AC
8.20411.1N/AMajer and Svoboda, 1985 
9.37322.EBRaviprasad and Venkateswara Rao, 1985Based on data from 307. to 414. K.; AC
9.70304.N/AInoue, Arai, et al., 1981Based on data from 295. to 313. K.; AC

In addition to the Thermodynamics Research Center (TRC) data available from this site, much more physical and chemical property data is available from the following TRC products:


Reaction thermochemistry data

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
B - John E. Bartmess
ALS - Hussein Y. Afeefy, Joel F. Liebman, and Stephen E. Stein
M - Michael M. Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Sharon G. Lias

Note: Please consider using the reaction search for this species. This page allows searching of all reactions involving this species. A general reaction search form is also available. Future versions of this site may rely on reaction search pages in place of the enumerated reaction displays seen below.

Individual Reactions

C5H7O2- + Hydrogen cation = Acetylacetone

By formula: C5H7O2- + H+ = C5H8O2

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr343.8 ± 2.1kcal/molG+TSTaft and Bordwell, 1988gas phase; at 330K: neutral enol/keto ratio should be 8:1 ( Strohmeier and Höhne, 1952); B
Δr343.7 ± 2.3kcal/molG+TSCumming and Kebarle, 1978gas phase; At 500K: neutral enol/keto ratio is 1.7:1, Folkendt, Weiss-Lopez, et al., 1989. ΔH=-4.7 kcal/mol, enol favored. Carbonyls anti in anion, via calc: Irikura, 1999; B
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr336.7 ± 2.0kcal/molIMRETaft and Bordwell, 1988gas phase; at 330K: neutral enol/keto ratio should be 8:1 ( Strohmeier and Höhne, 1952); B
Δr336.6 ± 2.0kcal/molIMRECumming and Kebarle, 1978gas phase; At 500K: neutral enol/keto ratio is 1.7:1, Folkendt, Weiss-Lopez, et al., 1989. ΔH=-4.7 kcal/mol, enol favored. Carbonyls anti in anion, via calc: Irikura, 1999; B

Acetylacetone = 3-Penten-2-one, 4-hydroxy-

By formula: C5H8O2 = C5H8O2

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr-1.9 ± 0.1kcal/molKinSchweig, Vermeer, et al., 1974liquid phase; Photoelectron spectroscopy; ALS
Δr-2.4 ± 0.2kcal/molEqkThompson and Allred, 1971liquid phase; solvent: Cyclohexane; NMR, UV; ALS
Δr-2.8 ± 0.2kcal/molEqkCalmon, 1969liquid phase; ALS

Chlorine anion + Acetylacetone = (Chlorine anion • Acetylacetone)

By formula: Cl- + C5H8O2 = (Cl- • C5H8O2)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr13.40kcal/molTDEqFrench, Ikuta, et al., 1982gas phase; B

Free energy of reaction

ΔrG° (kcal/mol) T (K) Method Reference Comment
11.0421.PHPMSFrench, Ikuta, et al., 1982gas phase; M

Iodide + Acetylacetone = (Iodide • Acetylacetone)

By formula: I- + C5H8O2 = (I- • C5H8O2)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr15.1 ± 1.0kcal/molTDAsCaldwell, Masucci, et al., 1989gas phase; B,M

Acetylacetone = 2-Propenoic acid, 3-hydroxy-2-methyl-, ethyl ester

By formula: C5H8O2 = C6H10O3

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr-4.66 ± 0.18kcal/molEqkFolkendt, Weiss-Lopez, et al., 1985gas phase; NMR; ALS

3-Penten-2-one, 4-hydroxy- = Acetylacetone

By formula: C5H8O2 = C5H8O2

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr4.02kcal/molEqkMines and Thompson, 1975gas phase; ALS

Gas phase ion energetics data

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data evaluated as indicated in comments:
HL - Edward P. Hunter and Sharon G. Lias
L - Sharon G. Lias

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
B - John E. Bartmess
LBLHLM - Sharon G. Lias, John E. Bartmess, Joel F. Liebman, John L. Holmes, Rhoda D. Levin, and W. Gary Mallard
LLK - Sharon G. Lias, Rhoda D. Levin, and Sherif A. Kafafi
RDSH - Henry M. Rosenstock, Keith Draxl, Bruce W. Steiner, and John T. Herron

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
IE (evaluated)8.85 ± 0.02eVN/AN/AL
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Proton affinity (review)208.8kcal/molN/AHunter and Lias, 1998HL
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Gas basicity200.0kcal/molN/AHunter and Lias, 1998HL

Ionization energy determinations

IE (eV) Method Reference Comment
8.85 ± 0.05PEHouk, Davis, et al., 1973LLK
8.82 ± 0.02PIShigorin, Filyugina, et al., 1967RDSH
8.87 ± 0.03PIWatanabe, Nakayama, et al., 1962RDSH
9.63 ± 0.01PEHush, Livett, et al., 1987Vertical value; LBLHLM
9.15PECauletti, Furlani, et al., 1980Vertical value; LLK
9.00PESchweig, Vermeer, et al., 1974, 2Vertical value; LLK
9.18 ± 0.07PEEvans, Hamnett, et al., 1972Vertical value; LLK

Appearance energy determinations

Ion AE (eV) Other Products MethodReferenceComment
C4H5O2+10.7 ± 0.1CH3EIReichert and Westmore, 1969RDSH
C4H5O2+10.24CH3PIShigorin, Filyugina, et al., 1967RDSH

De-protonation reactions

C5H7O2- + Hydrogen cation = Acetylacetone

By formula: C5H7O2- + H+ = C5H8O2

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr343.8 ± 2.1kcal/molG+TSTaft and Bordwell, 1988gas phase; at 330K: neutral enol/keto ratio should be 8:1 ( Strohmeier and Höhne, 1952); B
Δr343.7 ± 2.3kcal/molG+TSCumming and Kebarle, 1978gas phase; At 500K: neutral enol/keto ratio is 1.7:1, Folkendt, Weiss-Lopez, et al., 1989. ΔH=-4.7 kcal/mol, enol favored. Carbonyls anti in anion, via calc: Irikura, 1999; B
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr336.7 ± 2.0kcal/molIMRETaft and Bordwell, 1988gas phase; at 330K: neutral enol/keto ratio should be 8:1 ( Strohmeier and Höhne, 1952); B
Δr336.6 ± 2.0kcal/molIMRECumming and Kebarle, 1978gas phase; At 500K: neutral enol/keto ratio is 1.7:1, Folkendt, Weiss-Lopez, et al., 1989. ΔH=-4.7 kcal/mol, enol favored. Carbonyls anti in anion, via calc: Irikura, 1999; B

Ion clustering data

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
B - John E. Bartmess
M - Michael M. Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Sharon G. Lias

Note: Please consider using the reaction search for this species. This page allows searching of all reactions involving this species. Searches may be limited to ion clustering reactions. A general reaction search form is also available.

Clustering reactions

Chlorine anion + Acetylacetone = (Chlorine anion • Acetylacetone)

By formula: Cl- + C5H8O2 = (Cl- • C5H8O2)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr13.40kcal/molTDEqFrench, Ikuta, et al., 1982gas phase; B

Free energy of reaction

ΔrG° (kcal/mol) T (K) Method Reference Comment
11.0421.PHPMSFrench, Ikuta, et al., 1982gas phase; M

Iodide + Acetylacetone = (Iodide • Acetylacetone)

By formula: I- + C5H8O2 = (I- • C5H8O2)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr15.1 ± 1.0kcal/molTDAsCaldwell, Masucci, et al., 1989gas phase; B,M

IR Spectrum

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Data compiled by: Coblentz Society, Inc.

Data compiled by: NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, William E. Wallace, director


Mass spectrum (electron ionization)

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled by: NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, William E. Wallace, director

Spectrum

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Mass spectrum
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Additional Data

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Owner NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center
Collection (C) 2014 copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce
on behalf of the United States of America. All rights reserved.
NIST MS number 19843

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UV/Visible spectrum

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Ion clustering data, IR Spectrum, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled by: Victor Talrose, Eugeny B. Stern, Antonina A. Goncharova, Natalia A. Messineva, Natalia V. Trusova, Margarita V. Efimkina

Spectrum

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UVVis spectrum
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Additional Data

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Source Bernasconi and Kamararioti, 1986
Owner INEP CP RAS, NIST OSRD
Collection (C) 2007 copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce
on behalf of the United States of America. All rights reserved.
Origin INSTITUTE OF ENERGY PROBLEMS OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS, RAS
Source reference RAS UV No. 3482
Instrument Cary 219
Melting point -23
Boiling point 138

References

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Ion clustering data, IR Spectrum, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), UV/Visible spectrum, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Hacking and Pilcher, 1979
Hacking, J.M.; Pilcher, G., Enthalpy of combustion of pentane-2,4-dione, J. Chem. Thermodyn., 1979, 11, 1015-1017. [all data]

Conrath, Van de Sande, et al., 1974
Conrath, k.; Van de Sande, C.; Vandewalle, M., Studies in organic mass spectrometry. XVI. A combined approach to the structures of ions generated from the molecular ions of acyclic β-diketones through loss of small neutral molecules, Org. Mass Spectrom., 1974, 9, 585-593. [all data]

Melia and Merrifield, 1969
Melia, T.P.; Merrifield, R., Thermal properties of acetylacetone, J. Appl. Chem., 1969, 19, 79-82. [all data]

Vilcu and Perisanu, 1979
Vilcu, R.; Perisanu, S., The standard enthalpies of formation of some C, H, O containing compounds, Rev. Roum. Chim., 1979, 24, 237-243. [all data]

Guinchant, 1918
Guinchant, M.J., Etude sur la fonction acide dans les derives metheniques et methiniques, Ann. Chem., 1918, 10, 30-84. [all data]

Nicholson, 1957
Nicholson, G.R., The heat of combustion of acetylacetone, J. Chem. Soc., 1957, 2431-2432. [all data]

Timmermans, 1921
Timmermans, J., The Freezing Points of Organic Substances IV. New Exp. Determinations, Bull. Soc. Chim. Belg., 1921, 30, 62. [all data]

Majer and Svoboda, 1985
Majer, V.; Svoboda, V., Enthalpies of Vaporization of Organic Compounds: A Critical Review and Data Compilation, Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford, 1985, 300. [all data]

Irving and Wads, 1970
Irving, R.J.; Wads, I., Enthalpy of vaporization of organic compounds at 25°C. V. Acetylacetone, Acta Chem. Scand., 1970, 24, 589-592. [all data]

Weast and Grasselli, 1989
CRC Handbook of Data on Organic Compounds, 2nd Editon, Weast,R.C and Grasselli, J.G., ed(s)., CRC Press, Inc., Boca Raton, FL, 1989, 1. [all data]

Melia and Merrifield, 2007
Melia, T.P.; Merrifield, R., Thermal properties of acetylacetone, J. Appl. Chem., 2007, 19, 3, 79-82, https://doi.org/10.1002/jctb.5010190305 . [all data]

Stephenson and Malanowski, 1987
Stephenson, Richard M.; Malanowski, Stanislaw, Handbook of the Thermodynamics of Organic Compounds, 1987, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3173-2 . [all data]

Nakanishi and Toyama, 1972
Nakanishi, Koichiro; Toyama, Osamu, Vapor Pressure of Acetylacetone below Normal Boiling Point, Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn., 1972, 45, 10, 3210-3211, https://doi.org/10.1246/bcsj.45.3210 . [all data]

Raviprasad and Venkateswara Rao, 1985
Raviprasad, A.; Venkateswara Rao, K., Vapour pressure of 2,4-pentanedione, The Journal of Chemical Thermodynamics, 1985, 17, 2, 117-121, https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9614(85)90063-1 . [all data]

Inoue, Arai, et al., 1981
Inoue, Mikio; Arai, Yasuhiko; Saito, Shozaburo; Suzuki, Nobuo, Vapor-liquid equilibriums of acetylacetone-organic solvent systems, J. Chem. Eng. Data, 1981, 26, 3, 287-293, https://doi.org/10.1021/je00025a020 . [all data]

Taft and Bordwell, 1988
Taft, R.W.; Bordwell, F.G., Structural and Solvent Effects Evaluated from Acidities Measured in Dimethyl Sulfoxide and in the Gas Phase, Acc. Chem. Res., 1988, 21, 12, 463, https://doi.org/10.1021/ar00156a005 . [all data]

Strohmeier and Höhne, 1952
Strohmeier, W.; Höhne, I., Keto-Enol-Umwandlung des Acetylacteons in Gaszustand, Z. Naturfor., 1952, 7B, 184. [all data]

Cumming and Kebarle, 1978
Cumming, J.B.; Kebarle, P., Summary of gas phase measurements involving acids AH. Entropy changes in proton transfer reactions involving negative ions. Bond dissociation energies D(A-H) and electron affinities EA(A), Can. J. Chem., 1978, 56, 1. [all data]

Folkendt, Weiss-Lopez, et al., 1989
Folkendt, M.M.; Weiss-Lopez, B.E.; Chauvel, J.P., Jr.; True, N.S., Gas-Phase 1H NMR Studies of Keto-Enol Tautomerization of Acetylacetone, Methyl Acetoacetate, and Ethyl Acetoacetate, J. Phys. Chem., 1989, 89, 15, 3347, https://doi.org/10.1021/j100261a038 . [all data]

Irikura, 1999
Irikura, K.K., Acetylacetonate (acac) anion in the gas phase: predicted structures, vibrational spectra, and photodetachment energies, Int. J. Mass Spectrom., 1999, 187, 577-587, https://doi.org/10.1016/S1387-3806(98)14192-1 . [all data]

Schweig, Vermeer, et al., 1974
Schweig, A.; Vermeer, H.; Weidner, U., A photoelectron spectroscopic study of keto-enol tautomerism in acetylacetones - a new application of photoelectron spectroscopy, Chem. Phys. Lett., 1974, 26, 229-233. [all data]

Thompson and Allred, 1971
Thompson, D.W.; Allred, A.L., Keto-enol equilibria in 2,4-Pentanedione and 3,3-dideuterio-2,4-pentanedione, J. Phys. Chem., 1971, 75, 433-435. [all data]

Calmon, 1969
Calmon, J.P., Thermodynamic functions of enolization of aliphatic β-diketones, C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris, 1969, 268, 1435-1438. [all data]

French, Ikuta, et al., 1982
French, M.A.; Ikuta, S.; Kebarle, P., Hydrogen bonding of O-H and C-H hydrogen donors to Cl-. Results from mass spectrometric measurement of the ion-molecule equilibria RH + Cl- = RHCl-, Can. J. Chem., 1982, 60, 1907. [all data]

Caldwell, Masucci, et al., 1989
Caldwell, G.W.; Masucci, J.A.; Ikonomou, M.G., Negative Ion Chemical Ionization Mass Spectrometry - Binding of Molecules to Bromide and Iodide Anions, Org. Mass Spectrom., 1989, 24, 1, 8, https://doi.org/10.1002/oms.1210240103 . [all data]

Folkendt, Weiss-Lopez, et al., 1985
Folkendt, M.M.; Weiss-Lopez, B.E.; Chauvel, J.P., Jr.; True, N.S., Gas-phase 1H NMR studies of keto-enol tautomerism of acetylacetone, methyl acetoacetate, and ethyl acetoacetate, J. Phys. Chem., 1985, 89, 3347-3352. [all data]

Mines and Thompson, 1975
Mines, G.W.; Thompson, H., Infrared and photoelectron spectra, and keto-enol tautomerism of acetylacetones and acetoacetic esters, Proc. Roy. Soc. London A, 1975, 342, 327-339. [all data]

Hunter and Lias, 1998
Hunter, E.P.; Lias, S.G., Evaluated Gas Phase Basicities and Proton Affinities of Molecules: An Update, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 1998, 27, 3, 413-656, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.556018 . [all data]

Houk, Davis, et al., 1973
Houk, K.N.; Davis, L.P.; Newkome, G.R.; Duke, R.E., Jr.; Nauman, R.V., Photoelectron spectroscopy of cyclic β-diketones their enolone tautomers, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1973, 95, 8364. [all data]

Shigorin, Filyugina, et al., 1967
Shigorin, D.N.; Filyugina, A.D.; Potapov, V.K., Role of intramolecular hydrogen bonding in the ionisation and dissociation of compounds, Zh. Fiz. Khim., 1967, 41, 2336, In original 1255. [all data]

Watanabe, Nakayama, et al., 1962
Watanabe, K.; Nakayama, T.; Mottl, J., Ionization potentials of some molecules, J. Quant. Spectry. Radiative Transfer, 1962, 2, 369. [all data]

Hush, Livett, et al., 1987
Hush, N.S.; Livett, M.K.; Peel, J.B.; Willett, G.D., Variable-temperature ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy of the keto-enol tautomers of pentane-2,4-dione, Aust. J. Chem., 1987, 40, 599. [all data]

Cauletti, Furlani, et al., 1980
Cauletti, C.; Furlani, C.; Storto, G., Coordinative bond d-shell ionisations in the UV photoelectron spectra of bis({beta}-diketonato) cobalt (II) copper (II) complexes, their thio analogues, J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom., 1980, 18, 329. [all data]

Schweig, Vermeer, et al., 1974, 2
Schweig, A.; Vermeer, H.; Weidner, U., A photoelectron spectroscopic study of keto-enol tautomerism in acetylacetones - a new application of photoelectron spectroscopy, Chem. Phys. Lett., 1974, 26, 229. [all data]

Evans, Hamnett, et al., 1972
Evans, S.; Hamnett, A.; Orchard, A.F.; Lloyd, D.R., Study of the metal-oxygen bond in simple tris-chelate complexes by He(I) photoelectron spectroscopy, Faraday Discuss. Chem. Soc., 1972, 54, 227. [all data]

Reichert and Westmore, 1969
Reichert, C.; Westmore, J.B., Mass spectral studies of metal chelates. IV.Mass spectra, appearance potentials, and coordinate bond energies of bis(acetylacetonate)metal(II) complexes of the first transition series, Inorg. Chem., 1969, 8, 1012. [all data]

Bernasconi and Kamararioti, 1986
Bernasconi, C.F.; Kamararioti, A., Nucleophilic addition to olefins. 19. Abnormally high intrinsic barrier in the reaction of piperidine and morpholine with benzylideneacetylacetone, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1986, 108, 24, 7744-7751. [all data]


Notes

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Ion clustering data, IR Spectrum, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), UV/Visible spectrum, References