germanium

• Formula: Ge
• Molecular weight: 72.64
• IUPAC Standard InChI: InChI=1S/Ge Copy

  
• IUPAC Standard InChIKey: GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copy
• CAS Registry Number: 7440-56-4
• Chemical structure:
  This structure is also available as a 2d Mol file
• Permanent link for this species. Use this link for bookmarking this species for future reference.
• Information on this page:
  • Gas phase thermochemistry data
  • Condensed phase thermochemistry data
  • Reaction thermochemistry data
  • Gas phase ion energetics data
  • Ion clustering data
  • References
  • Notes
• Data at other public NIST sites:
  • NIST Atomic Spectra Database - Lines Holdings (on physics web site)
  • NIST Atomic Spectra Database - Levels Holdings (on physics web site)
  • NIST Atomic Spectra Database - Ground states and ionization energies (on physics web site)
  • Gas Phase Kinetics Database
  • X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy Database, version 5.0
• Options:
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Gas phase thermochemistry data

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Condensed phase thermochemistry data

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Reaction thermochemistry data

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
MS - José A. Martinho Simões
B - John E. Bartmess

Note: Please consider using the reaction search for this species. This page allows searching of all reactions involving this species. A general reaction search form is also available. Future versions of this site may rely on reaction search pages in place of the enumerated reaction displays seen below.

Individual Reactions

HGe (g) =  (g) +  (g)

By formula: HGe (g) = H (g) + Ge (g)

(CAS Reg. No. 64177-44-2 • 4294967295) +  = CAS Reg. No. 64177-44-2

By formula: (CAS Reg. No. 64177-44-2 • 4294967295Ge) + Ge = CAS Reg. No. 64177-44-2

(Ge₃^- • 4294967295) +  = Ge₃^-

By formula: (Ge₃^- • 4294967295Ge) + Ge = Ge₃^-

(CAS Reg. No. 78413-15-7 • 4294967295) +  = CAS Reg. No. 78413-15-7

By formula: (CAS Reg. No. 78413-15-7 • 4294967295Ge) + Ge = CAS Reg. No. 78413-15-7

Gas phase ion energetics data

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data evaluated as indicated in comments:
L - Sharon G. Lias

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
LL - Sharon G. Lias and Joel F. Liebman
LBLHLM - Sharon G. Lias, John E. Bartmess, Joel F. Liebman, John L. Holmes, Rhoda D. Levin, and W. Gary Mallard
LLK - Sharon G. Lias, Rhoda D. Levin, and Sherif A. Kafafi
RDSH - Henry M. Rosenstock, Keith Draxl, Bruce W. Steiner, and John T. Herron
B - John E. Bartmess

View reactions leading to Ge⁺ (ion structure unspecified)

Electron affinity determinations

Ionization energy determinations

Ion clustering data

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Gas phase ion energetics data, References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled by: John E. Bartmess

Note: Please consider using the reaction search for this species. This page allows searching of all reactions involving this species. Searches may be limited to ion clustering reactions. A general reaction search form is also available.

Clustering reactions

(Ge₃^- • 4294967295) +  = Ge₃^-

By formula: (Ge₃^- • 4294967295Ge) + Ge = Ge₃^-

References

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Ion clustering data, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Cox, Wagman, et al., 1984
Cox, J.D.; Wagman, D.D.; Medvedev, V.A., CODATA Key Values for Thermodynamics, Hemisphere Publishing Corp., New York, 1984, 1. [all data]

Ruscic, Schwarz, et al., 1990
Ruscic, B.; Schwarz, M.; Berkowitz, J., Photoionization studies of GeH_n(n = 2-4), J. Chem. Phys., 1990, 92, 1865. [all data]

Arnold, Xu, et al., 1995
Arnold, C.C.; Xu, C.S.; Burton, G.R.; Neumark, D.M., Study of the low-lying states of Ge-2 and Ge-2(-) using negative ion zero electron kinetic energy spectroscopy, J. Chem. Phys., 1995, 102, 18, 6982, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.469091 . [all data]

Burton, Xu, et al., 1996
Burton, G.R.; Xu, C.; Arnold, C.C.; Neumark, D.M., Photoelectron Spectroscopy and Zero Kinetic Energy Spectroscopy of Germanium Cluster Anions, J. Chem. Phys., 1996, 104, 8, 2757, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.471098 . [all data]

Scheer, Bilodeau, et al., 1998
Scheer, M.; Bilodeau, R.C.; Brodie, C.A.; Haugen, H.K., Systematic study of the stable states of C-, Si-, Ge-, and Sn- via infrared laser spectroscopy, Phys. Rev. A, 1998, 58, 4, 2844-2856, https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevA.58.2844 . [all data]

Miller, Miller, et al., 1986
Miller, T.M.; Miller, A.E.S.; Lineberger, W.C., Electron Affinities of Ge and Sn, Phys. Rev. A, 1986, 33, 5, 3558, https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevA.33.3558 . [all data]

Lide, 1992
Lide, D.R. (Editor), Ionization potentials of atoms and atomic ions in Handbook of Chem. and Phys., 1992, 10-211. [all data]

Kelly, 1987
Kelly, R.L., Atomic and ionic spectrum lines of hydrogen through kryton, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 1987, 16. [all data]

Brown, Tilford, et al., 1977
Brown, C.M.; Tilford, S.G.; Ginter, M.L., Absorption spectrum of Ge I between 1500 and 1900 Å, J. Opt. Soc. Am., 1977, 67, 584. [all data]

Muenow, 1974
Muenow, D.W., Mass spectrometric determination of the heats of formation and atomization energies of the molecules Ge₂N and GeSiN, J. Chem. Phys., 1974, 60, 3382. [all data]

Hildenbrand, 1972
Hildenbrand, D.L., The gaseous equilibrium Ge + SiO = GeO + Si and the dissociation energy of SiO, High Temp. Sci., 1972, 4, 244. [all data]

Moore, 1970
Moore, C.E., Ionization potentials and ionization limits derived from the analyses of optical spectra, Natl. Stand. Ref. Data Ser., (U.S. Natl. Bur. Stand.), 1970, 34, 1. [all data]

Notes

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• Symbols used in this document:
  

  EA	Electron affinity
  IE (evaluated)	Recommended ionization energy
  S°gas,1 bar	Entropy of gas at standard conditions (1 bar)
  S°solid,1 bar	Entropy of solid at standard conditions (1 bar)
  ΔfH°gas	Enthalpy of formation of gas at standard conditions
  ΔrH°	Enthalpy of reaction at standard conditions

• Data from NIST Standard Reference Database 69: NIST Chemistry WebBook
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