Propanal

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Gas phase thermochemistry data

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
ALS - Hussein Y. Afeefy, Joel F. Liebman, and Stephen E. Stein
GT - Glushko Thermocenter, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δfgas-188.7 ± 0.75kJ/molCmWiberg, Crocker, et al., 1991Heat of hydrogenation; ALS
Δfgas-186.0 ± 1.5kJ/molEqkConnett, 1972At 473-524 K; ALS
Δfgas-190.6 ± 0.88kJ/molChydBuckley and Cox, 1967ALS
Δfgas-192.kJ/molCcbTjebbes, 1962ALS
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
gas304.4 ± 1.6J/mol*KN/AConnett, 1972This value was determined from the equilibrium measurements using improved experimental techniques. It agrees with values obtained by statistical mechanics. Earlier the value of 293.8(1.3) J/mol*K was obtained from equilibrium study [ Buckley E., 1967].; GT

Constant pressure heat capacity of gas

Cp,gas (J/mol*K) Temperature (K) Reference Comment
77.50273.15Chao J., 1986p=1 bar. The values of thermodynamic functions of [ Frankiss S.G., 1974] were adopted by [ Chao J., 1986]. [ Chermin, 1961, Vasilev I.A., 1966] calculated the thermodynamic functions of the cis isomer only.; GT
80.73 ± 0.10298.15
80.98300.
96.39400.
112.90500.
128.50600.
142.60700.
155.20800.
166.40900.
176.301000.
185.101100.
192.901200.
199.801300.
206.101400.
211.701500.

Constant pressure heat capacity of gas

Cp,gas (J/mol*K) Temperature (K) Reference Comment
84.53325.04Counsell J.F., 1972GT
88.39350.07
92.22374.50

Reaction thermochemistry data

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
B - John E. Bartmess
ALS - Hussein Y. Afeefy, Joel F. Liebman, and Stephen E. Stein
M - Michael M. Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Sharon G. Lias

Note: Please consider using the reaction search for this species. This page allows searching of all reactions involving this species. A general reaction search form is also available. Future versions of this site may rely on reaction search pages in place of the enumerated reaction displays seen below.

Individual Reactions

C3H5O- + Hydrogen cation = Propanal

By formula: C3H5O- + H+ = C3H6O

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr1528. ± 8.8kJ/molG+TSBartmess, Scott, et al., 1979gas phase; value altered from reference due to change in acidity scale; B
Δr1531. ± 10.kJ/molG+TSCumming and Kebarle, 1978gas phase; B
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr1501. ± 8.4kJ/molIMREBartmess, Scott, et al., 1979gas phase; value altered from reference due to change in acidity scale; B
Δr1504. ± 8.4kJ/molIMRECumming and Kebarle, 1978gas phase; B

Propanal + Hydrogen = 1-Propanol

By formula: C3H6O + H2 = C3H8O

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr-84.3 ± 0.4kJ/molCmWiberg, Crocker, et al., 1991liquid phase; solvent: Triglyme; Heat of hydrogenation; ALS
Δr-69.55 ± 0.76kJ/molEqkConnett, 1972gas phase; At 473-524 K; ALS
Δr-65.77 ± 0.67kJ/molChydBuckley and Cox, 1967gas phase; ALS

Nitric oxide anion + Propanal = (Nitric oxide anion • Propanal)

By formula: NO- + C3H6O = (NO- • C3H6O)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr159.kJ/molICRReents and Freiser, 1981gas phase; switching reaction,Thermochemical ladder(NO+)C2H5OH, Entropy change calculated or estimated; Farid and McMahon, 1978, ref. to PA(NH3)=872. kJ/mol; M

(C3H7O- • 4294967295Propanal) + Propanal = C3H7O-

By formula: (C3H7O- • 4294967295C3H6O) + C3H6O = C3H7O-

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr172. ± 9.2kJ/molN/ABartmess, Scott, et al., 1979gas phase; value altered from reference due to change in acidity scale; B

Magnesium ion (1+) + Propanal = (Magnesium ion (1+) • Propanal)

By formula: Mg+ + C3H6O = (Mg+ • C3H6O)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr270. ± 20.kJ/molICROperti, Tews, et al., 1988gas phase; switching reaction,Thermochemical ladder(Mg+)CH3OH; M

Propane, 1,1-dimethoxy- + Water = Propanal + 2Methyl Alcohol

By formula: C5H12O2 + H2O = C3H6O + 2CH4O

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr37.65 ± 0.071kJ/molEqkWiberg and Squires, 1981liquid phase; ALS

Propylene oxide = Propanal

By formula: C3H6O = C3H6O

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr-98.7kJ/molEqkPolkovnikova and Lapiclus, 1974gas phase; At 300 K; ALS

Propanal = 2-Propen-1-ol

By formula: C3H6O = C3H6O

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr-32.kJ/molEqkPolkovnikova and Lapiclus, 1974gas phase; At 300 K; ALS

Gas phase ion energetics data

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data evaluated as indicated in comments:
HL - Edward P. Hunter and Sharon G. Lias
L - Sharon G. Lias

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
B - John E. Bartmess
LBLHLM - Sharon G. Lias, John E. Bartmess, Joel F. Liebman, John L. Holmes, Rhoda D. Levin, and W. Gary Mallard
LLK - Sharon G. Lias, Rhoda D. Levin, and Sherif A. Kafafi
RDSH - Henry M. Rosenstock, Keith Draxl, Bruce W. Steiner, and John T. Herron

View reactions leading to C3H6O+ (ion structure unspecified)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
IE (evaluated)9.96 ± 0.01eVN/AN/AL
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Proton affinity (review)786.0kJ/molN/AHunter and Lias, 1998HL
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Gas basicity754.0kJ/molN/AHunter and Lias, 1998HL

Electron affinity determinations

EA (eV) Reference Comment
0.000999 ± 0.000087Hammer, Diri, et al., 2003B

Ionization energy determinations

IE (eV) Method Reference Comment
9.96PITraeger, 1985LBLHLM
9.96PITraeger, 1985, 2LBLHLM
9.82 ± 0.14EIEl-Sherbini, Allam, et al., 1981LLK
9.95PIStaley, Wieting, et al., 1977LLK
9.953 ± 0.005PEHernandez, Masclet, et al., 1977LLK
9.99PETam, Yee, et al., 1974LLK
9.97 ± 0.01PECocksey, Eland, et al., 1971LLK
9.94PEDewar and Worley, 1969RDSH
9.98 ± 0.01PIWatanabe, Nakayama, et al., 1962RDSH
9.96PEBenoit and Harrison, 1977Vertical value; LLK
9.85PEKimura, Katsumata, et al., 1975Vertical value; LLK

Appearance energy determinations

Ion AE (eV) Other Products MethodReferenceComment
CHO+11.79C2H5PITraeger, 1985LBLHLM
C2H3O+12.3 ± 0.05CH3EIBurgers and Holmes, 1982LBLHLM
C2H3O+10.79CH3PIStaley, Wieting, et al., 1977LLK
C3H5O+10.18HPITraeger, 1985, 2LBLHLM

De-protonation reactions

C3H5O- + Hydrogen cation = Propanal

By formula: C3H5O- + H+ = C3H6O

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr1528. ± 8.8kJ/molG+TSBartmess, Scott, et al., 1979gas phase; value altered from reference due to change in acidity scale; B
Δr1531. ± 10.kJ/molG+TSCumming and Kebarle, 1978gas phase; B
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr1501. ± 8.4kJ/molIMREBartmess, Scott, et al., 1979gas phase; value altered from reference due to change in acidity scale; B
Δr1504. ± 8.4kJ/molIMRECumming and Kebarle, 1978gas phase; B

Ion clustering data

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
B - John E. Bartmess
M - Michael M. Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Sharon G. Lias

Note: Please consider using the reaction search for this species. This page allows searching of all reactions involving this species. Searches may be limited to ion clustering reactions. A general reaction search form is also available.

Clustering reactions

(C3H7O- • 4294967295Propanal) + Propanal = C3H7O-

By formula: (C3H7O- • 4294967295C3H6O) + C3H6O = C3H7O-

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr172. ± 9.2kJ/molN/ABartmess, Scott, et al., 1979gas phase; value altered from reference due to change in acidity scale; B

Magnesium ion (1+) + Propanal = (Magnesium ion (1+) • Propanal)

By formula: Mg+ + C3H6O = (Mg+ • C3H6O)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr270. ± 20.kJ/molICROperti, Tews, et al., 1988gas phase; switching reaction,Thermochemical ladder(Mg+)CH3OH; M

Nitric oxide anion + Propanal = (Nitric oxide anion • Propanal)

By formula: NO- + C3H6O = (NO- • C3H6O)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr159.kJ/molICRReents and Freiser, 1981gas phase; switching reaction,Thermochemical ladder(NO+)C2H5OH, Entropy change calculated or estimated; Farid and McMahon, 1978, ref. to PA(NH3)=872. kJ/mol; M

IR Spectrum

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled by: Coblentz Society, Inc.

Gas Phase Spectrum

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Notice: Except where noted, spectra from this collection were measured on dispersive instruments, often in carefully selected solvents, and hence may differ in detail from measurements on FTIR instruments or in other chemical environments. More information on the manner in which spectra in this collection were collected can be found here.

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Additional Data

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Owner COBLENTZ SOCIETY
Collection (C) 2018 copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce
on behalf of the United States of America. All rights reserved.
Origin DOW CHEMICAL COMPANY
Source reference COBLENTZ NO. 8785
Date 1964
Name(s) propionaldehyde
PROPIONALDEHYDE
State GAS (100 mmHg, N2 ADDED, TOTAL PRESSURE 600 mmHg)
Instrument DOW KBr FOREPRISM-GRATING
Instrument parameters GRATING CHANGED AT 5.0, 7.5, 15.0 MICRON
SPECTRAL CONTAMINATION DUE TO H2O IN THE 1600 CM-1 REGION.
ABSORPTION DUE TO CCl4 AT 797 AND 780 CM-1.
Path length 5 CM
Resolution 2
Sampling procedure TRANSMISSION
Data processing DIGITIZED BY NIST FROM HARD COPY (FROM TWO SEGMENTS)

This IR spectrum is from the Coblentz Society's evaluated infrared reference spectra collection.


References

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Ion clustering data, IR Spectrum, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Wiberg, Crocker, et al., 1991
Wiberg, K.B.; Crocker, L.S.; Morgan, K.M., Thermochemical studies of carbonyl compounds. 5. Enthalpies of reduction of carbonyl groups, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1991, 113, 3447-3450. [all data]

Connett, 1972
Connett, J.E., Chemical equilibria. 5. Measurement of equilibrium constants for the dehydrogenation of propanol by a vapour flow technique, J. Chem. Thermodyn., 1972, 4, 233-237. [all data]

Buckley and Cox, 1967
Buckley, E.; Cox, J.D., Chemical equilibria. Part 2.-Dehydrogenation of propanol and butanol, Trans. Faraday Soc., 1967, 63, 895-901. [all data]

Tjebbes, 1962
Tjebbes, J., Heats of combustion of propanal and 2-methyl propanal, Acta Chem. Scand., 1962, 16, 953-857. [all data]

Buckley E., 1967
Buckley E., Chemical equilibria. Part 2. Dehydrogenation of propanol and butanol, Trans. Faraday Soc., 1967, 63, 895-901. [all data]

Chao J., 1986
Chao J., Thermodynamic properties of key organic oxygen compounds in the carbon range C1 to C4. Part 2. Ideal gas properties, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 1986, 15, 1369-1436. [all data]

Frankiss S.G., 1974
Frankiss S.G., Thermodynamic properties of organic oxygen compounds. Part 36. Chemical thermodynamic properties of propanal, J. Chem. Soc. Faraday Trans. 2, 1974, 70, 1516-1521. [all data]

Chermin, 1961
Chermin, H.A.G., Thermo data for petrochemicals. Part 27: Gaseous normal aldehydes. The important thermo properties are presented for all the gaseous normal aldehydes from formaldehyde through decaldehyde, Pet. Refin., 1961, 40, 181-184. [all data]

Vasilev I.A., 1966
Vasilev I.A., Thermodynamic functions of propionaldehyde, Zh. Fiz. Khim., 1966, 40, 842-847. [all data]

Counsell J.F., 1972
Counsell J.F., Thermodynamic properties of organic oxygen compounds. 30. Vapor heat capacity and enthalpy of vaporization of propanal, J. Chem. Thermodyn., 1972, 4, 915-917. [all data]

Bartmess, Scott, et al., 1979
Bartmess, J.E.; Scott, J.A.; McIver, R.T., Jr., The gas phase acidity scale from methanol to phenol, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1979, 101, 6047. [all data]

Cumming and Kebarle, 1978
Cumming, J.B.; Kebarle, P., Summary of gas phase measurements involving acids AH. Entropy changes in proton transfer reactions involving negative ions. Bond dissociation energies D(A-H) and electron affinities EA(A), Can. J. Chem., 1978, 56, 1. [all data]

Reents and Freiser, 1981
Reents, W.D.; Freiser, B.S., Gas-Phase Binding Energies and Spectroscopic Properties of NO+ Charge-Transfer Complexes, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1981, 103, 2791. [all data]

Farid and McMahon, 1978
Farid, R.; McMahon, T.B., Gas-Phase Ion-Molecule Reactions of Alkyl Nitrites by Ion Cyclotron Resonance Spectroscopy, Int. J. Mass Spectrom. Ion Phys., 1978, 27, 2, 163, https://doi.org/10.1016/0020-7381(78)80037-0 . [all data]

Operti, Tews, et al., 1988
Operti, L.; Tews, E.C.; Freiser, B.S., Determination of Gas-Phase Ligand Binding Energies to Mg+ by FTMS Techniques, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1988, 110, 12, 3847, https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00220a020 . [all data]

Wiberg and Squires, 1981
Wiberg, K.B.; Squires, R.R., Thermochemical studies of carbonyl reactions. 2. Steric effects in acetal and ketal hydrolysis, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1981, 103, 4473-4478. [all data]

Polkovnikova and Lapiclus, 1974
Polkovnikova, A.G.; Lapiclus, V.L., Calculation of the equilibrium and heat of isomerization of propylene oxide on a lithium phosphate catalyst, Neftekhimiya, 1974, 14, 113-115. [all data]

Hunter and Lias, 1998
Hunter, E.P.; Lias, S.G., Evaluated Gas Phase Basicities and Proton Affinities of Molecules: An Update, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 1998, 27, 3, 413-656, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.556018 . [all data]

Hammer, Diri, et al., 2003
Hammer, N.I.; Diri, K.; Jordan, K.D.; Desfrancois, C.; Compton, R.N., Dipole-bound anions of carbonyl, nitrile, and sulfoxide containing molecules, J. Chem. Phys., 2003, 119, 7, 3650-3660, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1590959 . [all data]

Traeger, 1985
Traeger, J.C., Heat of formation for the formyl cation by photoionization mass spectrometry, Int. J. Mass Spectrom. Ion Processes, 1985, 66, 271. [all data]

Traeger, 1985, 2
Traeger, J.C., Heat of formation for the propanoyl cation by photoionization mass spectrometry, Org. Mass Spectrom., 1985, 20, 223. [all data]

El-Sherbini, Allam, et al., 1981
El-Sherbini, T.M.; Allam, S.H.; Migahed, M.D.; Dawoud, A.M., Mass spectrometric investigation of aliphatic aldehydes, Z. Naturforsch. A:, 1981, 36, 1334. [all data]

Staley, Wieting, et al., 1977
Staley, R.H.; Wieting, R.D.; Beauchamp, J.L., Carbenium ion stabilities in the gas phase and solution. An ion cyclotron resonance study of bromide transfer reactions involving alkali ions, alkyl carbenium ions, acyl cations and cyclic halonium ions, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1977, 99, 5964. [all data]

Hernandez, Masclet, et al., 1977
Hernandez, R.; Masclet, P.; Mouvier, G., Spectroscopie de photoelectrons d'aldehydes et de cetones aliphatiques, J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom., 1977, 10, 333. [all data]

Tam, Yee, et al., 1974
Tam, W.-C.; Yee, D.; Brion, C.E., Photoelectron spectra of some aldehydes and ketones, J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom., 1974, 4, 77. [all data]

Cocksey, Eland, et al., 1971
Cocksey, B.J.; Eland, J.H.D.; Danby, C.J., The effect of alkyl substitution on ionisation potential, J. Chem. Soc., 1971, (B), 790. [all data]

Dewar and Worley, 1969
Dewar, M.J.S.; Worley, S.D., Photoelectron spectra of molecules. I. Ionization potentials of some organic molecules and their interpretation, J. Chem. Phys., 1969, 50, 654. [all data]

Watanabe, Nakayama, et al., 1962
Watanabe, K.; Nakayama, T.; Mottl, J., Ionization potentials of some molecules, J. Quant. Spectry. Radiative Transfer, 1962, 2, 369. [all data]

Benoit and Harrison, 1977
Benoit, F.M.; Harrison, A.G., Predictive value of proton affinity. Ionization energy correlations involving oxygenated molecules, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1977, 99, 3980. [all data]

Kimura, Katsumata, et al., 1975
Kimura, K.; Katsumata, S.; Yamazaki, T.; Wakabayashi, H., UV photoelectron spectra and sum rule consideration; out-of-plane orbitals of unsaturated compounds with planar-skeleton structure, J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom., 1975, 6, 41. [all data]

Burgers and Holmes, 1982
Burgers, P.C.; Holmes, J.L., Metastable ion studies. XIII. The measurement of appearance energies of metastable peaks, Org. Mass Spectrom., 1982, 17, 123. [all data]


Notes

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Ion clustering data, IR Spectrum, References