Phenol

• Formula: C₆H₆O
• Molecular weight: 94.1112
• IUPAC Standard InChI: InChI=1S/C6H6O/c7-6-4-2-1-3-5-6/h1-5,7H Copy

  
• IUPAC Standard InChIKey: ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copy
• CAS Registry Number: 108-95-2
• Chemical structure:
  This structure is also available as a 2d Mol file or as a computed 3d SD file
  The 3d structure may be viewed using Java or Javascript.
• Isotopologues:
  • Phenol-d6-
• Other names: Carbolic acid; Baker's P and S Liquid and Ointment; Benzenol; Hydroxybenzene; Izal; Monohydroxybenzene; Monophenol; Oxybenzene; Phenic acid; Phenyl alcohol; Phenyl hydrate; Phenyl hydroxide; Phenylic acid; Phenylic alcohol; PhOH; Benzene, hydroxy-; Acide carbolique; Baker's P & S liquid & Ointment; Fenol; Fenolo; NCI-C50124; Paoscle; Phenole; Carbolsaure; NA 2821; Phenol alcohol; Phenol, molten; Rcra waste number U188; UN 1671; UN 2312; UN 2821; Phenic alcohol; NSC 36808; Campho-Phenique Cold Sore Gel (Salt/Mix); Campho-Phenique Gel (Salt/Mix); Campho-Phenique Liquid (Salt/Mix)
• Permanent link for this species. Use this link for bookmarking this species for future reference.
• Information on this page:
  • Gas phase thermochemistry data
  • Condensed phase thermochemistry data
  • Phase change data
  • Reaction thermochemistry data
  • Henry's Law data
  • Gas phase ion energetics data
  • Ion clustering data
  • References
  • Notes
• Other data available:
  • IR Spectrum
  • Mass spectrum (electron ionization)
  • UV/Visible spectrum
  • Gas Chromatography
• Data at other public NIST sites:
  • Gas Phase Kinetics Database
  • X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy Database, version 5.0
• Options:
  • Switch to calorie-based units

Data at NIST subscription sites:

• NIST / TRC Web Thermo Tables, "lite" edition (thermophysical and thermochemical data)
• NIST / TRC Web Thermo Tables, professional edition (thermophysical and thermochemical data)

NIST subscription sites provide data under the NIST Standard Reference Data Program, but require an annual fee to access. The purpose of the fee is to recover costs associated with the development of data collections included in such sites. Your institution may already be a subscriber. Follow the links above to find out more about the data in these sites and their terms of usage.

Gas phase thermochemistry data

Go To: Top, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Henry's Law data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Ion clustering data, References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
ALS - Hussein Y. Afeefy, Joel F. Liebman, and Stephen E. Stein
DRB - Donald R. Burgess, Jr.
GT - Glushko Thermocenter, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow

Constant pressure heat capacity of gas

Condensed phase thermochemistry data

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Henry's Law data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Ion clustering data, References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
ALS - Hussein Y. Afeefy, Joel F. Liebman, and Stephen E. Stein
DH - Eugene S. Domalski and Elizabeth D. Hearing

Constant pressure heat capacity of solid

Phase change data

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Henry's Law data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Ion clustering data, References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
TRC - Thermodynamics Research Center, NIST Boulder Laboratories, Chris Muzny director
BS - Robert L. Brown and Stephen E. Stein
AC - William E. Acree, Jr., James S. Chickos
DRB - Donald R. Burgess, Jr.
ALS - Hussein Y. Afeefy, Joel F. Liebman, and Stephen E. Stein
DH - Eugene S. Domalski and Elizabeth D. Hearing
CAL - James S. Chickos, William E. Acree, Jr., Joel F. Liebman, Students of Chem 202 (Introduction to the Literature of Chemistry), University of Missouri -- St. Louis

Enthalpy of vaporization

Antoine Equation Parameters

log₁₀(P) = A − (B / (T + C))
    P = vapor pressure (bar)
    T = temperature (K)

View plot Requires a JavaScript / HTML 5 canvas capable browser.

Enthalpy of sublimation

Enthalpy of fusion

Entropy of fusion

Reaction thermochemistry data

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Henry's Law data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Ion clustering data, References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
B - John E. Bartmess
M - Michael M. Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Sharon G. Lias
RCD - Robert C. Dunbar
ALS - Hussein Y. Afeefy, Joel F. Liebman, and Stephen E. Stein
MS - José A. Martinho Simões

Note: Please consider using the reaction search for this species. This page allows searching of all reactions involving this species. A general reaction search form is also available. Future versions of this site may rely on reaction search pages in place of the enumerated reaction displays seen below.

Individual Reactions

 +  =

By formula: C₆H₅O^- + H⁺ = C₆H₆O

 +  = ( • )

By formula: Cl^- + C₆H₆O = (Cl^- • C₆H₆O)

Free energy of reaction

 +  = ( • )

By formula: F^- + C₆H₆O = (F^- • C₆H₆O)

 +  = ( • )

By formula: Br^- + C₆H₆O = (Br^- • C₆H₆O)

Free energy of reaction

 +  = ( • )

By formula: I^- + C₆H₆O = (I^- • C₆H₆O)

Free energy of reaction

 +  = ( • )

By formula: C₂H₃O₂^- + C₆H₆O = (C₂H₃O₂^- • C₆H₆O)

 +  = ( • )

By formula: Na⁺ + C₆H₆O = (Na⁺ • C₆H₆O)

Free energy of reaction

 +  =  + 

By formula: C₆H₆O + C₁₂H₁₈O = C₉H₁₂O + C₉H₁₂O

C₂₂H₂₀O₂Ti (cr) + 2( • 5.55) (solution) = 2 (cr) +  (cr)

By formula: C₂₂H₂₀O₂Ti (cr) + 2(HCl • 5.55H₂O) (solution) = 2C₆H₆O (cr) + C₁₀H₁₀Cl₂Ti (cr)

 (solution) + C₅H₁₁BrMg (solution) = C₆H₅BrMgO (solution) +  (solution)

By formula: C₆H₆O (solution) + C₅H₁₁BrMg (solution) = C₆H₅BrMgO (solution) + C₅H₁₂ (solution)

C₂₀H₃₂Zr (solution) +  (solution) = C₂₆H₃₆OZr (solution) +  (g)

By formula: C₂₀H₃₂Zr (solution) + C₆H₆O (solution) = C₂₆H₃₆OZr (solution) + H₂ (g)

C₂₆H₃₆OZr (solution) +  (solution) = C₃₂H₄₀O₂Zr (solution) +  (g)

By formula: C₂₆H₃₆OZr (solution) + C₆H₆O (solution) = C₃₂H₄₀O₂Zr (solution) + H₂ (g)

 +  =  + 

By formula: C₈H₈O₂ + H₂O = C₆H₆O + C₂H₄O₂

 +  =  + 

By formula: C₆H₆O + C₁₄H₂₂O = C₁₀H₁₄O + C₁₀H₁₄O

 + C₁₈H₃₀O =  + 

By formula: C₆H₆O + C₁₈H₃₀O = C₁₄H₂₂O + C₁₀H₁₄O

 +  =  + 

By formula: C₆H₆O + C₁₄H₂₂O = C₁₀H₁₄O + C₁₀H₁₄O

 +  = 2

By formula: C₆H₆O + C₁₄H₂₂O = 2C₁₀H₁₄O

C₆H₅NaO (cr) + ( • 552) (solution) =  (cr) +  (cr)

By formula: C₆H₅NaO (cr) + (HCl • 552H₂O) (solution) = C₆H₆O (cr) + ClNa (cr)

 +  =  + 

By formula: C₆H₆O + C₁₄H₂₂O = C₁₀H₁₄O + C₁₀H₁₄O

 +  =  + 

By formula: C₆H₆O + C₁₄H₂₂O = C₁₀H₁₄O + C₁₀H₁₄O

( • ) +  = ( • 2)

By formula: (Li⁺ • C₆H₆O) + C₆H₆O = (Li⁺ • 2C₆H₆O)

( • ) +  = ( • 2)

By formula: (Na⁺ • C₆H₆O) + C₆H₆O = (Na⁺ • 2C₆H₆O)

( • ) +  = ( • 2)

By formula: (Cs⁺ • C₆H₆O) + C₆H₆O = (Cs⁺ • 2C₆H₆O)

( • ) +  = ( • 2)

By formula: (Rb⁺ • C₆H₆O) + C₆H₆O = (Rb⁺ • 2C₆H₆O)

( • ) +  = ( • 2)

By formula: (K⁺ • C₆H₆O) + C₆H₆O = (K⁺ • 2C₆H₆O)

 (cr) + C₁₀H₁₁ClZr (cr) = C₁₆H₁₅ClOZr (cr) +  (g)

By formula: C₆H₆O (cr) + C₁₀H₁₁ClZr (cr) = C₁₆H₁₅ClOZr (cr) + H₂ (g)

 +  = 2

By formula: C₆H₆O + C₁₄H₂₂O = 2C₁₀H₁₄O

 +  =  + 

By formula: C₆H₆O + C₁₄H₂₂O = C₁₀H₁₄O + C₁₀H₁₄O

C₆H₅NaO (cr) +  (l) =  (cr) +  (cr)

By formula: C₆H₅NaO (cr) + H₂O (l) = C₆H₆O (cr) + HNaO (cr)

 +  = ( • )

By formula: Li⁺ + C₆H₆O = (Li⁺ • C₆H₆O)

 +  = ( • )

By formula: Cs⁺ + C₆H₆O = (Cs⁺ • C₆H₆O)

 +  = ( • )

By formula: Rb⁺ + C₆H₆O = (Rb⁺ • C₆H₆O)

 +  = ( • )

By formula: K⁺ + C₆H₆O = (K⁺ • C₆H₆O)

=  + 

By formula: C₁₀H₁₄O = C₄H₈ + C₆H₆O

=  + 

By formula: C₁₀H₁₄O = C₄H₈ + C₆H₆O

=  + 

By formula: C₁₀H₁₄O = C₆H₆O + C₄H₈

Henry's Law data

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Ion clustering data, References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled by: Rolf Sander

Henry's Law constant (water solution)

k_H(T) = k°_H exp(d(ln(k_H))/d(1/T) ((1/T) - 1/(298.15 K)))
k°_H = Henry's law constant for solubility in water at 298.15 K (mol/(kg*bar))
d(ln(k_H))/d(1/T) = Temperature dependence constant (K)

Gas phase ion energetics data

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Henry's Law data, Ion clustering data, References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data evaluated as indicated in comments:
HL - Edward P. Hunter and Sharon G. Lias
L - Sharon G. Lias

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
B - John E. Bartmess
LL - Sharon G. Lias and Joel F. Liebman
LBLHLM - Sharon G. Lias, John E. Bartmess, Joel F. Liebman, John L. Holmes, Rhoda D. Levin, and W. Gary Mallard
LLK - Sharon G. Lias, Rhoda D. Levin, and Sherif A. Kafafi
RDSH - Henry M. Rosenstock, Keith Draxl, Bruce W. Steiner, and John T. Herron

View reactions leading to C₆H₆O⁺ (ion structure unspecified)

Ionization energy determinations

Appearance energy determinations

De-protonation reactions

 +  =

By formula: C₆H₅O^- + H⁺ = C₆H₆O

Ion clustering data

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Henry's Law data, Gas phase ion energetics data, References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
B - John E. Bartmess
M - Michael M. Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Sharon G. Lias
RCD - Robert C. Dunbar

Note: Please consider using the reaction search for this species. This page allows searching of all reactions involving this species. Searches may be limited to ion clustering reactions. A general reaction search form is also available.

Clustering reactions

 +  = ( • )

By formula: Br^- + C₆H₆O = (Br^- • C₆H₆O)

Free energy of reaction

 +  = ( • )

By formula: C₂H₃O₂^- + C₆H₆O = (C₂H₃O₂^- • C₆H₆O)

 +  = ( • )

By formula: Cl^- + C₆H₆O = (Cl^- • C₆H₆O)

Free energy of reaction

 +  = ( • )

By formula: Cs⁺ + C₆H₆O = (Cs⁺ • C₆H₆O)

( • ) +  = ( • 2)

By formula: (Cs⁺ • C₆H₆O) + C₆H₆O = (Cs⁺ • 2C₆H₆O)

 +  = ( • )

By formula: F^- + C₆H₆O = (F^- • C₆H₆O)

 +  = ( • )

By formula: I^- + C₆H₆O = (I^- • C₆H₆O)

Free energy of reaction

 +  = ( • )

By formula: K⁺ + C₆H₆O = (K⁺ • C₆H₆O)

( • ) +  = ( • 2)

By formula: (K⁺ • C₆H₆O) + C₆H₆O = (K⁺ • 2C₆H₆O)

 +  = ( • )

By formula: Li⁺ + C₆H₆O = (Li⁺ • C₆H₆O)

( • ) +  = ( • 2)

By formula: (Li⁺ • C₆H₆O) + C₆H₆O = (Li⁺ • 2C₆H₆O)

 +  = ( • )

By formula: Na⁺ + C₆H₆O = (Na⁺ • C₆H₆O)

Free energy of reaction

( • ) +  = ( • 2)

By formula: (Na⁺ • C₆H₆O) + C₆H₆O = (Na⁺ • 2C₆H₆O)

 +  = ( • )

By formula: Rb⁺ + C₆H₆O = (Rb⁺ • C₆H₆O)

( • ) +  = ( • 2)

By formula: (Rb⁺ • C₆H₆O) + C₆H₆O = (Rb⁺ • 2C₆H₆O)

References

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Henry's Law data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Ion clustering data, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Cox, 1961
Cox, J.D., The heats of combustion of phenol and the three cresols, Pure Appl. Chem., 1961, 2, 125-128. [all data]

Andon, Biddiscombe, et al., 1960
Andon, R.J.L.; Biddiscombe, D.P.; Cox, J.D.; Handley, R.; Harrop, D.; Herington, E.F.G.; Martin, J.F., Thermodynamic properties of organic oxygen compounds. Part I. Preparation and physical properties of pure phenol, cresols, and xylenols, J. Chem. Soc., 1960, 5246-5254. [all data]

Parks, Manchester, et al., 1954
Parks, G.S.; Manchester, K.E.; Vaughan, L.M., Heats of combustion and formation of some alcohols, phenols, and ketones, J. Chem. Phys., 1954, 22, 2089-2090. [all data]

Badoche, 1941
Badoche, M., No 19. - Chaleurs de combustion du phenol, du-m-cresol et del leurs ethers; par M. Marius BADOCHE., Bull. Soc. Chim. Fr., 1941, 8, 212-220. [all data]

Kudchadker S.A., 1978
Kudchadker S.A., Ideal gas thermodynamic properties of phenol and cresols, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 1978, 7, 417-423. [all data]

Evans J.C., 1960
Evans J.C., The vibrational spectra phenol and phenol-OD, Spectrochim. Acta, 1960, 16, 1382-1392. [all data]

Green J.H.S., 1961
Green J.H.S., The thermodynamic properties of organic oxygen compounds. II. Vibrational assignment and calculated thermodynamic properties of phenol, J. Chem. Soc., 1961, 2236-2241. [all data]

Sarin V.N., 1973
Sarin V.N., Thermodynamic properties in the gaseous state of certain monosubstituted benzenes, Thermochim. Acta, 1973, 6, 39-46. [all data]

Ramaswamy V., 1970
Ramaswamy V., Thermo data for n-alkyl phenols, Hydrocarbon Process., 1970, 49, 217-218. [all data]

Andon, Counsell, et al., 1963
Andon, R.J.L.; Counsell, J.F.; Herington, E.F.G.; Martin, J.F., Thermodynamic properties of organic oxygen compounds, Trans. Faraday Soc., 1963, 59, 830-835. [all data]

Parks, Huffman, et al., 1933
Parks, G.S.; Huffman, H.M.; Barmore, M., Thermal data on organic compounds. XI. The heat capacities, entropies and free energies of ten compounds containing oxygen or nitrogen. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1933, 55, 2733-2740. [all data]

Nichols and Wads, 1975
Nichols, N.; Wads, I., Thermochemistry of solutions of biochemical model compounds. 3. Some benzene derivatives in aqueous solution, J. Chem. Thermodynam., 1975, 7, 329-336. [all data]

Rastorguev and Ganiev, 1967
Rastorguev, Yu.L.; Ganiev, Yu.A., Study of the heat capacity of selected solvents, Izv. Vyssh. Uchebn. Zaved. Neft Gaz. 10, 1967, No.1, 79-82. [all data]

Campbell and Campbell, 1940
Campbell, A.N.; Campbell, A.J.R., The heats of solution, heats of formation, specific heats and equilibrium diagrams of certain molecular compounds. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1940, 62, 291-297. [all data]

Aoyama and Kanda, 1935
Aoyama, S.; Kanda, E., Studies on the heat capacities at low temperature. Report I. Heat capacities of some organic substances at low temperature, Sci. Rept. Tohoku Imp. Univ. [1]24, 1935, 107-115. [all data]

Andon, Counsell, et al., 1963, 2
Andon, R.J.L.; Counsell, J.F.; Herington, E.F.G.; Martin, J.F., Thermodyn. prop. of organic oxygen compds., part 7- calorimetric study of phenol from 12 to330o K, Trans. Faraday Soc., 1963, 59, 830. [all data]

Delaunois, 1968
Delaunois, C., Effect of the Filling Rate of a Reactor on the Vapor Tension and the Temperature at the Beginning of Cracking of Phenols at High Pressures, Ann. Mines Belg., 1968, No. 1, 9-16. [all data]

Ambrose, 1963
Ambrose, D., Critical Temperatures of Some Phenols and Other Organic Compounds, Trans. Faraday Soc., 1963, 59, 1988. [all data]

Radice, 1899
Radice, G., , Ph. D. Thesis, Univ. of Geneve, 1899. [all data]

Herz and Neukirch, 1923
Herz, W.; Neukirch, E., On Knowldge of the Critical State, Z. Phys. Chem., Stoechiom. Verwandtschaftsl., 1923, 104, 433-50. [all data]

Chickos, Hosseini, et al., 1995
Chickos, James S.; Hosseini, Sarah; Hesse, Donald G., Determination of vaporization enthalpies of simple organic molecules by correlations of changes in gas chromatographic net retention times, Thermochimica Acta, 1995, 249, 41-62, https://doi.org/10.1016/0040-6031(95)90670-3 . [all data]

Parsons, Rochester, et al., 1971
Parsons, G.H.; Rochester, C.H.; Wood, C.E.C., Effect of 4-substitution on the thermodynamics of hydration of phenol and the phenoxide anion, J. Chem. Soc., B:, 1971, 533, https://doi.org/10.1039/j29710000533 . [all data]

Chylinski, Fras, et al., 2001
Chylinski, K.; Fras, Z.; Malanowski, S.K., Vapor-Liquid Equilibrium in Phenol + 2-Ethoxyethanol at 363.15 to 383.15 K, J. Chem. Eng. Data, 2001, 46, 1, 29-33, https://doi.org/10.1021/je0001072 . [all data]

Stephenson and Malanowski, 1987
Stephenson, Richard M.; Malanowski, Stanislaw, Handbook of the Thermodynamics of Organic Compounds, 1987, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3173-2 . [all data]

Andon, Biddiscombe, et al., 1960, 2
Andon, R.J.L.; Biddiscombe, D.P.; Cox, J.D.; Handley, R.; Harrop, D.; Herington, E.F.G.; Martin, J.F., 1009. Thermodynamic properties of organic oxygen compounds. Part I. Preparation and physical properties of pure phenol, cresols, and xylenols, J. Chem. Soc., 1960, 5246, https://doi.org/10.1039/jr9600005246 . [all data]

Dykyj, 1972
Dykyj, J., Petrochemia, 1972, 12, 1, 13. [all data]

Dreisbach and Shrader, 1949
Dreisbach, R.R.; Shrader, S.A., Vapor Pressure--Temperature Data on Some Organic Compounds, Ind. Eng. Chem., 1949, 41, 12, 2879-2880, https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50480a054 . [all data]

Dreisbach and Martin, 1949
Dreisbach, R.R.; Martin, R.A., Physical Data on Some Organic Compounds, Ind. Eng. Chem., 1949, 41, 12, 2875-2878, https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50480a053 . [all data]

Boublik, Fried, et al., 1984
Boublik, T.; Fried, V.; Hala, E., The Vapour Pressures of Pure Substances: Selected Values of the Temperature Dependence of the Vapour Pressures of Some Pure Substances in the Normal and Low Pressure Region, 2nd ed., Elsevier, New York, 1984, 972. [all data]

Goldblum, Martin, et al., 1947
Goldblum, K.B.; Martin, R.W.; Young, R.B., Vapor Pressure Data for Phenols, Ind. Eng. Chem., 1947, 39, 11, 1474-1476, https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50455a017 . [all data]

Chickos, 1975
Chickos, James Speros, A simple equilibrium method for determining heats of sublimation, J. Chem. Educ., 1975, 52, 2, 134-39, https://doi.org/10.1021/ed052p134 . [all data]

Cox and Pilcher, 1970
Cox, J.D.; Pilcher, G., Thermochemistry of Organic and Organometallic Compounds, Academic Press Inc., London, 1970, 643. [all data]

Sklyarenko, Markin, et al., 1958
Sklyarenko, S.I.; Markin, B.I.; Belyaeva, L.B., Zh. Fiz. Khim., 1958, 32, 1916. [all data]

Nitta and Seki, 1948
Nitta, I.; Seki, S., J. Chem. Soc. Jpn. Pure Chem. Sect., 1948, 69, 141. [all data]

Balson, 1947
Balson, E.W., Studies in vapour pressure measurement, Part III.?An effusion manometer sensitive to 5 «65533» 10?6 millimetres of mercury: vapour pressure of D.D.T. and other slightly volatile substances, Trans. Faraday Soc., 1947, 43, 54, https://doi.org/10.1039/tf9474300054 . [all data]

Jones, 1960
Jones, A.H., Sublimation Pressure Data for Organic Compounds., J. Chem. Eng. Data, 1960, 5, 2, 196-200, https://doi.org/10.1021/je60006a019 . [all data]

Mastrangelo, 1957
Mastrangelo, S.V.R., Adiabatic calorimeter for determination of cryoscopic data, Anal. Chem., 1957, 29(5), 841-845. [all data]

Inozemtsev, Liakumovich, et al., 1972
Inozemtsev, P.P.; Liakumovich, A.G.; Gracheva, Z.D., Russ. J. Phys. Chem., 1972, 46, 6, 914. [all data]

Domalski and Hearing, 1996
Domalski, Eugene S.; Hearing, Elizabeth D., Heat Capacities and Entropies of Organic Compounds in the Condensed Phase. Volume III, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 1996, 25, 1, 1, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.555985 . [all data]

Eykman, 1889
Eykman, J.F., Zur kryoskopischen Molekulargewichtsbestimmung, Z. Physik. Chem., 1889, 4, 497-519. [all data]

Bret-Dibat and Lichanot, 1989
Bret-Dibat, P.; Lichanot, A., Proprietes thermodynamiques des isomeres de position de benzenes disubstitues en phase condensee, Thermochim. Acta, 1989, 147, 2, 261, https://doi.org/10.1016/0040-6031(89)85181-0 . [all data]

Bartmess, Scott, et al., 1979
Bartmess, J.E.; Scott, J.A.; McIver, R.T., Jr., The gas phase acidity scale from methanol to phenol, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1979, 101, 6047. [all data]

Shiner, Vorner, et al., 1986
Shiner, C.S.; Vorner, P.E.; Kass, S.R., Gas phase acidities and heats of formation of 2,4- and 2,5- cyclohexadien-1-one, the keto tautomers of phenol, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1986, 108, 5699. [all data]

Capponi, Gut, et al., 1999
Capponi, M.; Gut, I.G.; Hellrung, B.; Persy, G.; Wirz, J., Ketonization equilibria of phenol in aqueous solution, Can. J. Chem., 1999, 77, 5-6, 605-613, https://doi.org/10.1139/v99-048 . [all data]

Angel and Ervin, 2004
Angel, L.A.; Ervin, K.M., Competitive threshold collision-induced dissociation: Gas-phase acidity and O-H bond dissociation enthalpy of phenol, J. Phys. Chem. A, 2004, 108, 40, 8346-8352, https://doi.org/10.1021/jp0474529 . [all data]

Cumming and Kebarle, 1978
Cumming, J.B.; Kebarle, P., Summary of gas phase measurements involving acids AH. Entropy changes in proton transfer reactions involving negative ions. Bond dissociation energies D(A-H) and electron affinities EA(A), Can. J. Chem., 1978, 56, 1. [all data]

Richardson, Stephenson, et al., 1975
Richardson, J.H.; Stephenson, L.M.; Brauman, J.I., Photodetachment of electrons from phenoxides and thiophenoxide, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1975, 97, 2967. [all data]

French, Ikuta, et al., 1982
French, M.A.; Ikuta, S.; Kebarle, P., Hydrogen bonding of O-H and C-H hydrogen donors to Cl^-. Results from mass spectrometric measurement of the ion-molecule equilibria RH + Cl^- = RHCl^-, Can. J. Chem., 1982, 60, 1907. [all data]

Cummings, French, et al., 1977
Cummings, J.B.; French, M.A.; Kebarle, P., Effect of charge delocalization on hydrogen bonding to negative ions and solvation of negative ions. Substituted phenols and phenoxide ions, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1977, 99, 6999. [all data]

Kebarle, 1977
Kebarle, P., Ion Thermochemistry and Solvation from Gas Phase Ion Equilibria, Ann. Rev. Phys. Chem., 1977, 28, 1, 445, https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.pc.28.100177.002305 . [all data]

Paul and Kebarle, 1990
Paul, G.J.C.; Kebarle, P., Stabilities in the Gas Phase of the Hydrogen Bonded Complexes, YC6H4OH-X-, of Substituted Phenols, YC6H4OH, with the Halide Anions X-(Cl-, Br-), Can. J. Chem., 1990, 68, 11, 2070, https://doi.org/10.1139/v90-316 . [all data]

Yamdagni and Kebarle, 1971
Yamdagni, R.; Kebarle, P., Hydrogen bonding energies to negative ions from gas phase measurements of ionic equilibria, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1971, 93, 7139. [all data]

Larson and McMahon, 1983
Larson, J.W.; McMahon, T.B., Strong hydrogen bonding in gas-phase anions. An ion cyclotron resonance determination of fluoride binding energetics to bronsted acids from gas-phase fluoride exchange equilibria measurements, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1983, 105, 2944. [all data]

Wenthold and Squires, 1995
Wenthold, P.G.; Squires, R.R., Bond dissociation energies of F2(-) and HF2(-). A gas-phase experimental and G2 theoretical study, J. Phys. Chem., 1995, 99, 7, 2002, https://doi.org/10.1021/j100007a034 . [all data]

Arshadi, Yamdagni, et al., 1970
Arshadi, M.; Yamdagni, R.; Kebarle, P., Hydration of Halide Negative Ions in the Gas Phase. II. Comparison of Hydration Energies for the Alkali Positive and Halide Negative Ions, J. Phys. Chem., 1970, 74, 7, 1475, https://doi.org/10.1021/j100702a014 . [all data]

Paul and Kebarle, 1991
Paul, G.J.C.; Kebarle, P., Stabilities of Complexes of Br- with Substituted Benzenes (SB) Based on Determinations of the Gas-Phase Equilibria Br- + SB = (BrSB)-, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1991, 113, 4, 1148, https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00004a014 . [all data]

Meot-Ner and Sieck, 1986
Meot-Ner, M.; Sieck, L.W., The ionic hydrogen bond and ion solvation. 5. OH...O^- bonds. Gas phase solvation and clustering of alkoxide and carboxylate anions, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1986, 108, 7525. [all data]

Amunugama and Rodgers, 2002
Amunugama, R.; Rodgers, M.T., The influence of substituents on cation-pi interactions. 4. Absolute binding energies of alkali metal cation - Phenol complexes determined by threshold collision-induced dissociation and theoretical studies, J. Phys. Chem. A, 2002, 106, 42, 9718, https://doi.org/10.1021/jp0211584 . [all data]

Armentrout and Rodgers, 2000
Armentrout, P.B.; Rodgers, M.T., An Absolute Sodium Cation Affinity Scale: Threshold Collision-Induced Dissociation Experiments and ab Initio Theory, J. Phys. Chem A, 2000, 104, 11, 2238, https://doi.org/10.1021/jp991716n . [all data]

McMahon and Ohanessian, 2000
McMahon, T.B.; Ohanessian, G., An Experimental and Ab Initio Study of the Nature of the Binding in Gas-Phase Complexes of Sodium Ions, Chem. Eur. J., 2000, 6, 16, 2931, https://doi.org/10.1002/1521-3765(20000818)6:16<2931::AID-CHEM2931>3.0.CO;2-7 . [all data]

Nesterova, Pimerzin, et al., 1989
Nesterova, T.N.; Pimerzin, A.A.; Rozhnov, A.M.; Karlina, T.N., Equilibria for the isomerization of (secondary-alkyl)phenols and cyclohexylphenols, J. Chem. Thermodyn., 1989, 21, 385-395. [all data]

Nesterova, Pilyshchikov, et al., 1983
Nesterova, T.N.; Pilyshchikov, V.A.; Rozhnov, A.M., Chemical Equilibrium in the system isopropylphenols-phenol, J. Appl. Chem. USSR, 1983, 56, 1257-1261. [all data]

Dias, Salema, et al., 1981
Dias, A.R.; Salema, M.S.; Martinho Simões, J.A., J. Organometal. Chem., 1981, 222, 69. [all data]

Calhorda, Carrondo, et al., 1986
Calhorda, M.J.; Carrondo, M.A.A.F.C.T.; Dias, A.R.; Domingos, A.M.T.S.; Martinho Simões, J.A.; Teixeira, C., Organometallics, 1986, 5, 660. [all data]

Holm, 1983
Holm, T., Acta Chem. Scand. B, 1983, 37, 797. [all data]

Schock and Marks, 1988
Schock, L.E.; Marks, T.J., J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1988, 110, 7701. [all data]

Wadso, 1960
Wadso, I., Heats of hydrolysis of phenyl acetate and phenyl thiolacetate, Acta Chem. Scand., 1960, 14, 561-565. [all data]

Leal, Pires de Matos, et al., 1991
Leal, J.P.; Pires de Matos, A.; Martinho Simões, J.A., J. Organometal. Chem., 1991, 403, 1. [all data]

Pil'shchikov, Nesterova, et al., 1981
Pil'shchikov, V.A.; Nesterova, T.N.; Rozhnov, A.M., Equilibrium in the system phenol-tert-butylphenols, J. Appl. Chem. USSR, 1981, 54, 1765-1769. [all data]

Diogo, Simoni, et al., 1993
Diogo, H.P.; Simoni, J.A.; Minas da Piedade, M.E.; Dias, A.R.; Martinho Simões, J.A., J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1993, 115, 2764. [all data]

Kukui, Potolovskii, et al., 1973
Kukui, N.M.; Potolovskii, L.A.; Vasileva, V.N., Thermochemical and thermodynamic calculation of the alkylation of phenol by normal α-olefins, Khim. Tekhnol. Topl. Masel, 1973, 18, 10-13. [all data]

Verevkin, 1982
Verevkin, S.P., Study of equilibrium of tert-butylphenol dealkylation in the gas phase, Termodin. Organ. Soedin., 1982, 67-70. [all data]

Howe, Mullins, et al., 1987
Howe, G.B.; Mullins, M.E.; Rogers, T.N., , Evaluation and Prediction of Henry's Law Constants and Aqueous Sol. for Solvents and Hydrocarbon Fuel Comp. NTIS Rep. ELS-86-66, 1987. [all data]

Hunter and Lias, 1998
Hunter, E.P.; Lias, S.G., Evaluated Gas Phase Basicities and Proton Affinities of Molecules: An Update, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 1998, 27, 3, 413-656, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.556018 . [all data]

Lipert and Colson, 1990
Lipert, R.J.; Colson, S.D., Accurate ionization potentials of phenol and phenol-(H₂O) from the electric field dependence of the pump-probe photoionization threshold, J. Chem. Phys., 1990, 92, 3240. [all data]

Fuke, Yoshiuchi, et al., 1984
Fuke, K.; Yoshiuchi, H.; Kaya, K.; Achiba, Y.; Sato, K.; Kimura, K., Multiphoton ionization photoelectron spectroscopy and two-color multiphoton ionization threshold spectroscopy on the hydrogen bonded phenol and 7-azaindole in a supersonic jet, Chem. Phys. Lett., 1984, 108, 179. [all data]

Fraser-Monteiro, Fraser-Monteiro, et al., 1984
Fraser-Monteiro, M.L.; Fraser-Monteiro, L.; de Wit, J.; Baer, T., Dissociation dynamics of energy-selected phenol ions, J. Phys. Chem., 1984, 88, 3622. [all data]

Klasinc, Kovac, et al., 1983
Klasinc, L.; Kovac, B.; Gusten, H., Photoelectron spectra of acenes. Electronic structure and substituent effects, Pure Appl. Chem., 1983, 55, 289. [all data]

Behan, Johnstone, et al., 1976
Behan, J.M.; Johnstone, R.A.W.; Bentley, T.W., An evaluation of empirical methods for calculating the ionization potentials of substituted benzenes, Org. Mass Spectrom., 1976, 11, 207. [all data]

Maier and Turner, 1973
Maier, J.P.; Turner, D.W., Steric inhibition of resonance studied by molecular photoelectron spectroscopy Part 3. Anilines, Phenols and Related Compounds, J. Chem. Soc. Faraday Trans. 2, 1973, 69, 521. [all data]

Henion and Kingston, 1973
Henion, J.D.; Kingston, D.G.I., Mass spectrometry of organic compounds. VII. Energetics of substituent isomerization in diphenyl sulfide and diphenyl ether, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1973, 95, 8358. [all data]

Debies and Rabalais, 1973
Debies, T.P.; Rabalais, J.W., Photoelectron spectra of substituted benzenes. II. Seven valence electron substituents, J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom., 1973, 1, 355. [all data]

Cooks, Bertrand, et al., 1973
Cooks, R.G.; Bertrand, M.; Beynon, J.H.; Rennekamp, M.E.; Setser, D.W., Energy partitioning data as an ion structure probe. Substituted anisoles, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1973, 95, 1732. [all data]

Johnstone, Mellon, et al., 1971
Johnstone, R.A.W.; Mellon, F.A.; Ward, S.D., On-line computer methods used in conjunction with the measurement of ionization appearance potentials, Adv. Mass Spectrom., 1971, 5, 334. [all data]

Eland, 1969
Eland, J.H.D., Photoelectron spectra of conjugated hydrocarbons and heteromolecules, Intern. J. Mass Spectrom. Ion Phys., 1969, 2, 471. [all data]

Dewar and Worley, 1969
Dewar, M.J.S.; Worley, S.D., Photoelectron spectra of molecules. I. Ionization potentials of some organic molecules and their interpretation, J. Chem. Phys., 1969, 50, 654. [all data]

Watanabe, 1957
Watanabe, K., Ionization potentials of some molecules, J. Chem. Phys., 1957, 26, 542. [all data]

Vilesov and Terenin, 1957
Vilesov, F.I.; Terenin, A.N., The photoionization of the vapors of certain organic compounds, Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR, 1957, 115, 744, In original 539. [all data]

Ballard, Jones, et al., 1987
Ballard, R.E.; Jones, J.; Read, D.; Inchley, A.; Cranmer, M., He(I) photoelectron studies of liquids and gases, Chem. Phys. Lett., 1987, 137, 125. [all data]

Kimura, Katsumata, et al., 1981
Kimura, K.; Katsumata, S.; Achiba, Y.; Yamazaki, T.; Iwata, S., Ionization energies, Ab initio assignments, and valence electronic structure for 200 molecules in Handbook of HeI Photoelectron Spectra of Fundamental Organic Compounds, Japan Scientific Soc. Press, Tokyo, 1981. [all data]

Palmer, Moyes, et al., 1979
Palmer, M.H.; Moyes, W.; Speirs, M.; Ridyard, J.N.A., The electronic structure of substituted benzenes; ab initio calculations and photoelectron spectra for phenol, the methyl- and fluoro-derivatives, and the dihydroxybenzenes, J. Mol. Struct., 1979, 52, 293. [all data]

Kobayashi, 1978
Kobayashi, T., A simple general tendency in photoelectron angular distributions of some monosubstituted benzenes, Phys. Lett., 1978, 69, 105. [all data]

Kobayashi and Nagakura, 1974
Kobayashi, T.; Nagakura, S., Photoelectron spectra of substituted benzenes, Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn., 1974, 47, 2563. [all data]

Dewar, Ernstbrunner, et al., 1974
Dewar, P.S.; Ernstbrunner, E.; Gilmore, J.R.; Godfrey, M.; Mellor, J.M., Conformational analysis of alkyl aryl ethers and alkyl aryl sulphides by photoelectron spectroscopy, Tetrahedron, 1974, 30, 2455. [all data]

Tajima and Tsuchiya, 1973
Tajima, S.; Tsuchiya, T., Energetics consideration of C₅H₅⁺ ions produced from various precursors by electron impact, Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn., 1973, 46, 3291. [all data]

Occolowitz and White, 1968
Occolowitz, J.L.; White, G.L., Energetic considerations in the assignment of some fragment ion structures, Australian J. Chem., 1968, 21, 997. [all data]

Lifshitz and Malinovich, 1984
Lifshitz, C.; Malinovich, Y., Time resolved photoionization mass spectrometry in the millisecond range, Int. J. Mass Spectrom. Ion Processes, 1984, 60, 99. [all data]

Howe and Williams, 1969
Howe, I.; Williams, D.H., Calculation and qualitative predictions of mass spectra. Mono- and paradisubstituted benzenes, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1969, 91, 7137. [all data]

Notes

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Henry's Law data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Ion clustering data, References

• Symbols used in this document:
  

  AE	Appearance energy
  Cp,gas	Constant pressure heat capacity of gas
  Cp,solid	Constant pressure heat capacity of solid
  IE (evaluated)	Recommended ionization energy
  Pc	Critical pressure
  S°solid,1 bar	Entropy of solid at standard conditions (1 bar)
  T	Temperature
  Tboil	Boiling point
  Tc	Critical temperature
  Tfus	Fusion (melting) point
  Ttriple	Triple point temperature
  d(ln(kH))/d(1/T)	Temperature dependence parameter for Henry's Law constant
  k°H	Henry's Law constant at 298.15K
  ΔcH°solid	Enthalpy of combustion of solid at standard conditions
  ΔfH°gas	Enthalpy of formation of gas at standard conditions
  ΔfH°solid	Enthalpy of formation of solid at standard conditions
  ΔfusH	Enthalpy of fusion
  ΔfusS	Entropy of fusion
  ΔrG°	Free energy of reaction at standard conditions
  ΔrH°	Enthalpy of reaction at standard conditions
  ΔrS°	Entropy of reaction at standard conditions
  ΔsubH	Enthalpy of sublimation
  ΔsubH°	Enthalpy of sublimation at standard conditions
  ΔvapH	Enthalpy of vaporization
  ΔvapH°	Enthalpy of vaporization at standard conditions

• Data from NIST Standard Reference Database 69: NIST Chemistry WebBook
• The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) uses its best efforts to deliver a high quality copy of the Database and to verify that the data contained therein have been selected on the basis of sound scientific judgment. However, NIST makes no warranties to that effect, and NIST shall not be liable for any damage that may result from errors or omissions in the Database.
• Customer support for NIST Standard Reference Data products.