Acetonitrile

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Gas phase ion energetics data

Go To: Top, Vibrational and/or electronic energy levels, References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data evaluated as indicated in comments:
HL - Edward P. Hunter and Sharon G. Lias
L - Sharon G. Lias

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
B - John E. Bartmess
MM - Michael M. Meot-Ner (Mautner)
LL - Sharon G. Lias and Joel F. Liebman
LBLHLM - Sharon G. Lias, John E. Bartmess, Joel F. Liebman, John L. Holmes, Rhoda D. Levin, and W. Gary Mallard
LLK - Sharon G. Lias, Rhoda D. Levin, and Sherif A. Kafafi
RDSH - Henry M. Rosenstock, Keith Draxl, Bruce W. Steiner, and John T. Herron

View reactions leading to C2H3N+ (ion structure unspecified)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
IE (evaluated)12.20 ± 0.01eVN/AN/AL
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Proton affinity (review)186.2kcal/molN/AHunter and Lias, 1998HL
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Gas basicity179.kcal/molN/AHunter and Lias, 1998HL

Electron affinity determinations

EA (eV) Method Reference Comment
0.01101EFDSuess, Liu, et al., 2003B
0.0030 ± 0.0072LPESBailey, Dessent, et al., 1996B
0.01149EFDDesfrancois, Abdoul-Carime, et al., 1994EA: 11.5 meV. Dipole-bound state.; B

Proton affinity at 298K

Proton affinity (kcal/mol) Reference Comment
188.2 ± 1.4Williams, Denault, et al., 2001T = T(eff) = 498-797 KK; propionitrile, butyronitrile, valeronitrile reference compounds; MM

Ionization energy determinations

IE (eV) Method Reference Comment
12.201 ± 0.002PEGochel-Dupuis, Delwiche, et al., 1992LL
12.38 ± 0.04EIHarland and McIntosh, 1985LBLHLM
12.3 ± 0.25EIChess, Lapp, et al., 1982LBLHLM
12.33 ± 0.08EIAllam, Migahed, et al., 1982LBLHLM
12.194 ± 0.005PIRider, Ray, et al., 1981LLK
12.21PEKimura, Katsumata, et al., 1981LLK
12.20 ± 0.01PEStaley, Kleckner, et al., 1976LLK
13.14PELake and Thompson, 1970RDSH
15.11PELake and Thompson, 1970RDSH
12.12PEFrost, Herring, et al., 1970RDSH
13.11PEFrost, Herring, et al., 1970RDSH
15.12PEFrost, Herring, et al., 1970RDSH
16.98PEFrost, Herring, et al., 1970RDSH
12.19 ± 0.01PIDibeler and Liston, 1968RDSH
12.23 ± 0.05EIFranklin, Wada, et al., 1966RDSH
12.205 ± 0.004PINicholson, 1965RDSH
12.22 ± 0.01PIWatanabe, Nakayama, et al., 1962RDSH
12.46PEAsbrink, Von Niessen, et al., 1980Vertical value; LLK
12.20PELake and Thompson, 1970Vertical value; RDSH

Appearance energy determinations

Ion AE (eV) Other Products MethodReferenceComment
C+27.0 ± 0.3?EIReed and Snedden, 1956RDSH
CH+22.4 ± 0.2?EIReed and Snedden, 1956RDSH
CH2+15.7HCNEIHaney and Franklin, 1968RDSH
CH2+14.94 ± 0.02HCNPIDibeler and Liston, 1968RDSH
C2HN+15.90 ± 0.08?EIHarland and McIntosh, 1985LBLHLM
C2HN+15.1 ± 0.1H2PIDibeler and Liston, 1968RDSH
C2H2N+13.94 ± 0.02HN/AHolmes, Lossing, et al., 1993LL
C2H2N+14.38 ± 0.04HEIHarland and McIntosh, 1985LBLHLM
C2H2N+14.75 ± 0.08HEIAllam, Migahed, et al., 1982LBLHLM
C2H2N+14.01 ± 0.02HPIDibeler and Liston, 1968RDSH
C2H2N+13.54 ± 0.08HEIFranklin, Wada, et al., 1966RDSH
C2H2N+14.28 ± 0.05HEIPottie and Lossing, 1961RDSH
C2N+20.00 ± 0.08?EIHarland and McIntosh, 1985LBLHLM

De-protonation reactions

C2H2N- + Hydrogen cation = Acetonitrile

By formula: C2H2N- + H+ = C2H3N

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr372.9 ± 2.1kcal/molG+TSBartmess, Scott, et al., 1979gas phase; value altered from reference due to change in acidity scale; B
Δr369.0 ± 4.5kcal/molCIDTGraul and Squires, 1990gas phase; B
Δr373.3 ± 2.6kcal/molG+TSCumming and Kebarle, 1978gas phase; B
Δr374.8 ± 2.0kcal/molD-EAZimmerman and Brauman, 1977gas phase; B
Δr366.6 ± 4.6kcal/molEIAEHeni and Illenberger, 1986gas phase; From MeCN; B
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr365.2 ± 2.0kcal/molIMREBartmess, Scott, et al., 1979gas phase; value altered from reference due to change in acidity scale; B
Δr365.6 ± 2.0kcal/molIMRECumming and Kebarle, 1978gas phase; B
Δr367.2 ± 2.1kcal/molH-TSZimmerman and Brauman, 1977gas phase; B

Vibrational and/or electronic energy levels

Go To: Top, Gas phase ion energetics data, References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled by: Takehiko Shimanouchi

Symmetry:   C     Symmetry Number σ = 3


 Sym.   No   Approximate   Selected Freq.  Infrared   Raman   Comments 
 Species   type of mode   Value   Rating   Value  Phase  Value  Phase

a1 1 CH3 s-str 2954  A 2954.1 M gas 2942 VS liq.
a1 2 CN str 2267  A 2266.5 M gas 2249 S liq.
a1 3 CH3 s-deform 1385  C 1376 M liq. OC34)
a1 4 CC str 920  A 920.2 S gas 918 S liq.
e 5 CH3 d-str 3009  A 3009.2 S gas 2999 S liq.
e 6 CH3 d-deform 1448  D 1447.9 S gas 1440 M b liq. FR78)
e 7 CH3 rock 1041  A 1040.8 M gas
e 8 CCN bend 362  B 362 S gas 380 S liq.

Source: Shimanouchi, 1972

Notes

VSVery strong
SStrong
MMedium
bBroad
FRFermi resonance with an overtone or a combination tone indicated in the parentheses.
OCFrequency estimated from an overtone or a combination tone indicated in the parentheses.
A0~1 cm-1 uncertainty
B1~3 cm-1 uncertainty
C3~6 cm-1 uncertainty
D6~15 cm-1 uncertainty

References

Go To: Top, Gas phase ion energetics data, Vibrational and/or electronic energy levels, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Hunter and Lias, 1998
Hunter, E.P.; Lias, S.G., Evaluated Gas Phase Basicities and Proton Affinities of Molecules: An Update, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 1998, 27, 3, 413-656, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.556018 . [all data]

Suess, Liu, et al., 2003
Suess, L.; Liu, Y.; Parthasarathy, R.; Dunning, F.B., Dipole-bound negative ions: Collisional destruction and blackbody-radiation-induced photodetachment, J. Chem. Phys., 2003, 119, 24, 12890-12894, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1628215 . [all data]

Bailey, Dessent, et al., 1996
Bailey, C.G.; Dessent, C.E.H.; Johnson, M.A.; Bowen, K.A., Jr., Vibronic Effects in the Photon Energy Dependent Photoelectron Spectra of the CH3CN- Dipole-bound Anion, J. Chem. Phys., 1996, 104, 18, 6976, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.471415 . [all data]

Desfrancois, Abdoul-Carime, et al., 1994
Desfrancois, C.; Abdoul-Carime, H.; Khelifa, N.; Schermann, J.P., Fork 1/r to 1/r2 Potentials: Electron Exchange between Rydberg Atoms and Polar Molecules, Phys. Rev. Lett., 1994, 73, 18, 2436, https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.73.2436 . [all data]

Williams, Denault, et al., 2001
Williams, T.I.; Denault, J.W.; Cooks, R.G., Proton Affinity of Deuterated Acetonitrile Estimated by the Kinetic Method with Full Entropy Analysis, Int. J. Mass Spectrom., 2001, 210/211, 133. [all data]

Gochel-Dupuis, Delwiche, et al., 1992
Gochel-Dupuis, M.; Delwiche, J.; Hubin-Franskin, M.-J.; Collin, J.E., High-resolution HeI photoelectron spectrum of acetonitrile, Chem. Phys. Lett., 1992, 193, 41. [all data]

Harland and McIntosh, 1985
Harland, P.W.; McIntosh, B.J., Enthalpies of formation for the isomeric ions HxCCN+ and HxCNC+ (x = 0-3) by monochromatic electron impact on C2N2, CH3CN and CH3NC., Int. J. Mass Spectrom. Ion Processes, 1985, 67, 29. [all data]

Chess, Lapp, et al., 1982
Chess, E.K.; Lapp, R.L.; Gross, M.L., The question of tautomerism of alkylnitrile and isonitrile radical cations, Org. Mass Spectrom., 1982, 17, 475. [all data]

Allam, Migahed, et al., 1982
Allam, S.H.; Migahed, M.D.; El-Khodary, A., Electron impact ionization and dissociation of deuterated and non-deuterated methanol, methyl cyanide, nitromethane and nitrobenzene, Egypt. J. Phys., 1982, 13, 167. [all data]

Rider, Ray, et al., 1981
Rider, D.M.; Ray, G.W.; Darland, E.J.; Leroi, G.E., A photoionization mass spectrometric investigation of CH3CN and CD3CN, J. Chem. Phys., 1981, 74, 1652. [all data]

Kimura, Katsumata, et al., 1981
Kimura, K.; Katsumata, S.; Achiba, Y.; Yamazaki, T.; Iwata, S., Ionization energies, Ab initio assignments, and valence electronic structure for 200 molecules in Handbook of HeI Photoelectron Spectra of Fundamental Organic Compounds, Japan Scientific Soc. Press, Tokyo, 1981. [all data]

Staley, Kleckner, et al., 1976
Staley, R.H.; Kleckner, J.E.; Beauchamp, J.L., Relationship between orbital ionization energies and molecular properties. Proton affinities and photoelectron spectra of nitriles, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1976, 98, 2081. [all data]

Lake and Thompson, 1970
Lake, R.F.; Thompson, H., The photoelectron spectra of some molecules containing the C N group, Proc. Roy. Soc. (London), 1970, A317, 187. [all data]

Frost, Herring, et al., 1970
Frost, D.C.; Herring, F.G.; McDowell, C.A.; Stenhouse, I.A., The ionization potentials of methyl cyanide and methyl acetylene by photoelectron spectroscopy and semi-rigorous LCAO SCF calculations, Chem. Phys. Lett., 1970, 4, 533. [all data]

Dibeler and Liston, 1968
Dibeler, V.H.; Liston, S.K., Mass-spectrometric study of photoionization. IX. Hydrogen cyanide and acetonitrile, J. Chem. Phys., 1968, 48, 4765. [all data]

Franklin, Wada, et al., 1966
Franklin, J.L.; Wada, Y.; Natalis, P.; Hierl, P.M., Ion-molecule reactions in acetonitrile and propionitrile, J. Phys. Chem., 1966, 70, 2353. [all data]

Nicholson, 1965
Nicholson, A.J.C., Photoionization-efficiency curves. II. False and genuine structure, J. Chem. Phys., 1965, 43, 1171. [all data]

Watanabe, Nakayama, et al., 1962
Watanabe, K.; Nakayama, T.; Mottl, J., Ionization potentials of some molecules, J. Quant. Spectry. Radiative Transfer, 1962, 2, 369. [all data]

Asbrink, Von Niessen, et al., 1980
Asbrink, L.; Von Niessen, W.; Bieri, G., 30.4-nm He(II) photoelectron spectra of organic molecules, J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom., 1980, 21, 93. [all data]

Reed and Snedden, 1956
Reed, R.I.; Snedden, W., Studies in electron impact methods. Part 6.-The formation of the methine and carbon ions, J. Chem. Soc. Faraday Trans., 1956, 55, 876. [all data]

Haney and Franklin, 1968
Haney, M.A.; Franklin, J.L., Correlation of excess energies of electron-impact dissociations with the translational energies of the products, J.Chem. Phys., 1968, 48, 4093. [all data]

Holmes, Lossing, et al., 1993
Holmes, J.L.; Lossing, F.P.; Mayer, P.M., The effects of methyl substitution on the structure and thermochemistry of the cyanomethyl radical and cation, Chem. Phys. Lett., 1993, 212, 134. [all data]

Pottie and Lossing, 1961
Pottie, R.F.; Lossing, F.P., Free radicals by mass spectrometry. XXV. Ionization potentials of cyanoalkyl radicals, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1961, 83, 4737. [all data]

Bartmess, Scott, et al., 1979
Bartmess, J.E.; Scott, J.A.; McIver, R.T., Jr., The gas phase acidity scale from methanol to phenol, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1979, 101, 6047. [all data]

Graul and Squires, 1990
Graul, S.T.; Squires, R.R., Gas-Phase Acidities Derived from Threshold Energies for Activated Reactions, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1990, 112, 7, 2517, https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00163a007 . [all data]

Cumming and Kebarle, 1978
Cumming, J.B.; Kebarle, P., Summary of gas phase measurements involving acids AH. Entropy changes in proton transfer reactions involving negative ions. Bond dissociation energies D(A-H) and electron affinities EA(A), Can. J. Chem., 1978, 56, 1. [all data]

Zimmerman and Brauman, 1977
Zimmerman, A.H.; Brauman, J.I., Electron photodetachment from negative ions of C2v symmetry. Electron affinities of allyl and cyanomethyl radicals, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1977, 99, 3565. [all data]

Heni and Illenberger, 1986
Heni, M.; Illenberger, E., Electron attachment by saturated nitriles. Acrylonitrile (CH2H3CN), and benzonitrile (C6H5CN), Int. J. Mass Spectrom. Ion Phys., 1986, 73, 127. [all data]

Shimanouchi, 1972
Shimanouchi, T., Tables of Molecular Vibrational Frequencies Consolidated Volume I, National Bureau of Standards, 1972, 1-160. [all data]


Notes

Go To: Top, Gas phase ion energetics data, Vibrational and/or electronic energy levels, References