Tricarbon

• Formula: C₃
• Molecular weight: 36.0321
• IUPAC Standard InChI: InChI=1S/C3/c1-3-2 Copy

  
• IUPAC Standard InChIKey: NVLRFXKSQQPKAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copy
• CAS Registry Number: 12075-35-3
• Chemical structure:
  This structure is also available as a 2d Mol file or as a computed 3d SD file
  The 3d structure may be viewed using Java or Javascript.
• Other names: Carbon trimer
• Permanent link for this species. Use this link for bookmarking this species for future reference.
• Information on this page:
  • Reaction thermochemistry data
  • Vibrational and/or electronic energy levels
  • References
  • Notes
• Other data available:
  • Gas phase thermochemistry data
  • Gas phase ion energetics data
  • Ion clustering data
• Data at other public NIST sites:
  • Gas Phase Kinetics Database
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Reaction thermochemistry data

Go To: Top, Vibrational and/or electronic energy levels, References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled by: Michael M. Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Sharon G. Lias

Note: Please consider using the reaction search for this species. This page allows searching of all reactions involving this species. A general reaction search form is also available. Future versions of this site may rely on reaction search pages in place of the enumerated reaction displays seen below.

Individual Reactions

( • 6) +  = ( •  • 6)

By formula: (C⁺ • 6C) + C₃ = (C⁺ • C₃ • 6C)

( • 7) +  = ( •  • 7)

By formula: (C⁺ • 7C) + C₃ = (C⁺ • C₃ • 7C)

( • 2) +  = ( •  • 2)

By formula: (C⁺ • 2C) + C₃ = (C⁺ • C₃ • 2C)

( • 3) +  = ( •  • 3)

By formula: (C⁺ • 3C) + C₃ = (C⁺ • C₃ • 3C)

( • 4) +  = ( •  • 4)

By formula: (C⁺ • 4C) + C₃ = (C⁺ • C₃ • 4C)

( • 5) +  = ( •  • 5)

By formula: (C⁺ • 5C) + C₃ = (C⁺ • C₃ • 5C)

Vibrational and/or electronic energy levels

Go To: Top, Reaction thermochemistry data, References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled by: Marilyn E. Jacox

State:   ¹S_u⁺

State:   D

State:   B

State:   ?

State:   A

State:   b

State:   a

State:   X

Additional references: Jacox, 1994, page 65; Jacox, 1998, page 168; Jacox, 2003, page 81; Becker, Tatarczyk, et al., 1979; Reisler, Mangir, et al., 1980; Jungen and Merer, 1980; Rohlfing and Goldsmith, 1990; Northrup and Sears, 1990; Northrup, Sears, et al., 1991

Notes

References

Go To: Top, Reaction thermochemistry data, Vibrational and/or electronic energy levels, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Radi, Rincon, et al., 1989
Radi, P.P.; Rincon, M.E.; Hsu, M.T.; Brodbelt-Lustig, J.; Kemper, P.; Bowers, M.T., Structure, Reactivity and Energetics of Covalently Bound Carbon Cluster Ions, C5+ to C11+: Experiment and Theory, J. Phys. Chem., 1989, 93, 16, 6187, https://doi.org/10.1021/j100353a045 . [all data]

Monninger, Forderer, et al., 2002
Monninger, G.; Forderer, M.; Gurtler, P.; Kalhofer, S.; Petersen, S.; Nemes, L.; Szalay, P.G.; Kratschmer, W., Vacuum Ultraviolet Spectroscopy of the Carbon Molecule C, J. Phys. Chem. A, 2002, 106, 24, 5779, https://doi.org/10.1021/jp0142536 . [all data]

Chang and Graham, 1982
Chang, K.W.; Graham, W.R.M., Vacuum UV spectrum of C3 trapped in argon at 8 K, J. Chem. Phys., 1982, 77, 9, 4300, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.444431 . [all data]

Saha and Western, 2006
Saha, S.; Western, C.M., Experimental and ab initio study of a new D [sup 1]Δ[sub g] state of the C[sub 3] radical, J. Chem. Phys., 2006, 125, 22, 224307, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.2399528 . [all data]

Lemire, Fu, et al., 1989
Lemire, G.W.; Fu, Z.; Hamrick, Y.M.; Taylor, S.; Morse, M.D., New electronic band systems of jet-cooled carbon trimer: 266-302 nm, J. Phys. Chem., 1989, 93, 6, 2313, https://doi.org/10.1021/j100343a024 . [all data]

Rohlfing and Goldsmith, 1989
Rohlfing, E.A.; Goldsmith, J.E.M., Stimulated emission pumping spectroscopy of jet-cooled C3, J. Chem. Phys., 1989, 90, 11, 6804, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.456300 . [all data]

Rohlfing, 1989
Rohlfing, E.A., Laser-induced-fluorescence spectroscopy of jet-cooled C3, J. Chem. Phys., 1989, 91, 8, 4531, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.456791 . [all data]

Izuha and Yamanouchi, 2000
Izuha, M.; Yamanouchi, K., Severely perturbed vibrational structure in the 266--310 nm electronic transition of C[sub 3], J. Chem. Phys., 2000, 113, 24, 10999, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1326070 . [all data]

Weltner and McLeod, 1966
Weltner, W., Jr.; McLeod, D., Jr., Spectroscopy of Carbon Vapor Condensed in Rare-Gas Matrices at 4°K. III, J. Chem. Phys., 1966, 45, 8, 3096, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1728066 . [all data]

Forney, Freivogel, et al., 1996
Forney, D.; Freivogel, P.; Grutter, M.; Maier, J.P., Electronic absorption spectra of linear carbon chains in neon matrices. IV. C2n+1 n=2--7, J. Chem. Phys., 1996, 104, 13, 4954, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.471127 . [all data]

Szczepanski and Vala, 1991
Szczepanski, J.; Vala, M., Correlation of infrared and UV-visible bands of matrix-isolated carbon clusters, J. Phys. Chem., 1991, 95, 7, 2792, https://doi.org/10.1021/j100160a030 . [all data]

Douglas, 1951
Douglas, A.E., Laboratory Studies of the λ 4050 Group of Cometary Spectra., Astrophys. J., 1951, 114, 466, https://doi.org/10.1086/145486 . [all data]

Clusius and Douglas, 1954
Clusius, K.; Douglas, A.E., THE λ4050 BANDS OF THE C, Can. J. Phys., 1954, 32, 5, 319, https://doi.org/10.1139/p54-030 . [all data]

Gausset, Herzberg, et al., 1963
Gausset, L.; Herzberg, G.; Lagerqvist, A.; Rosen, B., Spectrum of the C3 molecule, Disc. Faraday Soc., 1963, 35, 113, https://doi.org/10.1039/df9633500113 . [all data]

Gausset, Herzberg, et al., 1965
Gausset, L.; Herzberg, G.; Lagerqvist, A.; Rosen, B., Analysis of the 4050-Å Group of the C_{3} Molecule., Astrophys. J., 1965, 142, 45, https://doi.org/10.1086/148262 . [all data]

Merer, 1967
Merer, A.J., ABSORPTION SPECTRA OF C, Can. J. Phys., 1967, 45, 12, 4103, https://doi.org/10.1139/p67-342 . [all data]

Smith, Anselment, et al., 1987
Smith, R.S.; Anselment, M.; DiMauro, L.F.; Frye, J.M.; Sears, T.J., Laser induced fluorescence study of the B 2B2→X 2A2 transition of the furan cation in a supersonic free jet expansion, J. Chem. Phys., 1987, 87, 8, 4435, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.452856 . [all data]

Baker, Bramble, et al., 1993
Baker, J.; Bramble, S.K.; Hamilton, P.A., A hot band LIF study of the A 1Πu-X1Σ+g transition in C3, Chem. Phys. Lett., 1993, 213, 3-4, 297, https://doi.org/10.1016/0009-2614(93)85135-B . [all data]

Balfour, Cao, et al., 1994
Balfour, W.J.; Cao, J.; Prasad, C.V.V.; Zian, C.X.W., Laser-induced fluorescence spectroscopy of the A 1Πu--X 1Σ+g transition in jet-cooled C3, J. Chem. Phys., 1994, 101, 12, 10343, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.467914 . [all data]

Izuha and Yamanouchi, 1995
Izuha, M.; Yamanouchi, K., New vibronic bands of the laser-vaporized C3 cluster. Determination of the ν3 fundamental in the state, Chem. Phys. Lett., 1995, 242, 4-5, 435, https://doi.org/10.1016/0009-2614(95)00758-V . [all data]

Baker, Bramble, et al., 1997
Baker, J.; Bramble, S.K.; Hamilton, P.A., Observation of New Bands in theA1Πu--X1Σg+Laser Induced Fluorescence Spectrum of C3, J. Mol. Spectrosc., 1997, 183, 1, 6, https://doi.org/10.1006/jmsp.1996.7235 . [all data]

Tokaryk and Chomiak, 1997
Tokaryk, D.W.; Chomiak, D.E., Laser spectroscopy of C[sub 3]: Stimulated emission and absorption spectra of the A [sup 1]Π[sub u]--X [sup 1]Σ[sub g][sup +] transition, J. Chem. Phys., 1997, 106, 18, 7600, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.473762 . [all data]

Izuha and Yamanouchi, 1998
Izuha, M.; Yamanouchi, K., New A--X vibronic bands of laser-vaporized C[sub 3], J. Chem. Phys., 1998, 109, 5, 1810, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.476756 . [all data]

McCall, Casaes, et al., 2003
McCall, B.J.; Casaes, R.N.; Adamkovics, M.; Saykally, R.J., A re-examination of the 4051 Å band of C3 using cavity ringdown spectroscopy of a supersonic plasma, Chem. Phys. Lett., 2003, 374, 5-6, 583, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0009-2614(03)00769-3 . [all data]

Tanabashi, Hirao, et al., 2005
Tanabashi, A.; Hirao, T.; Amano, T.; Bernath, P.F., Fourier Transform Emission Spectra of the (000)--(000) Band of the λ4051.6 Band of C, Astrophys. J., 2005, 624, 2, 1116, https://doi.org/10.1086/429316 . [all data]

Zhang, Chen, et al., 2005
Zhang, G.; Chen, K.-S.; Merer, A.J.; Hsu, Y.-C.; Chen, W.-J.; Shaji, S.; Lo, Y.-A., The 4051-A band of C[sub 3] (A [sup 1]Π[sub u]-X [sup 1]Σ[sub g][sup +], 000-000): Perturbed low-J lines and lifetime measurements, J. Chem. Phys., 2005, 122, 24, 244308, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1928827 . [all data]

Chen, Merer, et al., 2010
Chen, C.-W.; Merer, A.J.; Chao, J.-M.; Hsu, Y.-C., Laser excitation spectrum of C3 in the region 26000--30700cm-1, J. Mol. Spectrosc., 2010, 263, 1, 56, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jms.2010.06.010 . [all data]

Weltner, Walsh, et al., 1964
Weltner, W., Jr.; Walsh, P.N.; Angell, C.L., Spectroscopy of Carbon Vapor Condensed in Rare-Gas Matrices at 4° and 20°K. I, J. Chem. Phys., 1964, 40, 5, 1299, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1725312 . [all data]

Weltner and McLeod, 1964
Weltner, W., Jr.; McLeod, D., Jr., Spectroscopy of Carbon Vapor Condensed in Rare-Gas Matrices at 4° and 20°K. II, J. Chem. Phys., 1964, 40, 5, 1305, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1725313 . [all data]

Bondybey and English, 1978
Bondybey, V.E.; English, J.H., Relaxation processes in matrix isolated C3, J. Chem. Phys., 1978, 68, 10, 4641, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.435571 . [all data]

Cermak, Forderer, et al., 1998
Cermak, I.; Forderer, M.; Cermakova, I.; Kalhofer, S.; Stopka-Ebeler, H.; Monninger, G.; Kratschmer, W., Laser-induced emission spectroscopy of matrix-isolated carbon molecules: Experimental setup and new results on C[sub 3], J. Chem. Phys., 1998, 108, 24, 10129, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.476472 . [all data]

Barger and Broida, 1965
Barger, R.L.; Broida, H.P., Spectra of C3 in Solidified Gases at 4° and 20°K, J. Chem. Phys., 1965, 43, 7, 2364, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1697134 . [all data]

Hoshina, Kato, et al., 2004
Hoshina, H.; Kato, Y.; Morisawa, Y.; Wakabayashi, T.; Momose, T., UV and IR absorption spectra of C3 embedded in solid para-hydrogen, Chem. Phys., 2004, 300, 1-3, 69, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemphys.2004.01.018 . [all data]

Sasada, Amano, et al., 1991
Sasada, H.; Amano, T.; Jarman, C.; Bernath, P.F., A new triplet band system of C3: The b 3Πg--a 3Πu transition, J. Chem. Phys., 1991, 94, 4, 2401, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.460710 . [all data]

Tokaryk and Civis, 1995
Tokaryk, D.W.; Civis, S., Infrared emission spectra of C3: the Renner effect in the a3Πu and b3Πg electronic states, J. Chem. Phys., 1995, 103, 10, 3928, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.469580 . [all data]

Smith, Agreiter, et al., 1993
Smith, A.M.; Agreiter, J.; Engel, C.; Bondybey, V.E., FT-IR studies of optically pumped C3 in rare gas matrices. The vibrational and electronic absorption spectrum of the ã 3Πu state, Chem. Phys. Lett., 1993, 207, 4-6, 531, https://doi.org/10.1016/0009-2614(93)89043-H . [all data]

Tokaryk, Harvie, et al., 2002
Tokaryk, D.W.; Harvie, D.J.; Lees, R.M.; Xu, L.-H., Bending vibrational wave numbers in the a [sup 3]Π[sub u] and b [sup 3]Π[sub g] states of C[sub 3], J. Chem. Phys., 2002, 117, 10, 4825, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1498470 . [all data]

Arnold, Bradforth, et al., 1991
Arnold, D.W.; Bradforth, S.E.; Kitsopoulos, T.N.; Neumark, D.M., Vibrationally Resolved Spectra of C2-C11 by Anion Photoelectron Spectroscopy, J. Chem. Phys., 1991, 95, 12, 8753, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.461211 . [all data]

Szczepanski and Vala, 1993
Szczepanski, J.; Vala, M., The ν1+ν3 combination mode of C3 in Ar and Kr matrices: Evidence for a bent structure, J. Chem. Phys., 1993, 99, 10, 7371, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.465717 . [all data]

Hwang, Klassen, et al., 1996
Hwang, C.H.; Klassen, S.A.; Moazzen-Ahmadi, N.; Tokaryk, D.W., Infrared diode laser spectroscopy of C3: the ν3 band of the electronic state, Chem. Phys. Lett., 1996, 250, 3-4, 273, https://doi.org/10.1016/0009-2614(96)00030-9 . [all data]

Ortman, Hauge, et al., 1988
Ortman, B.J.; Hauge, R.H.; Margrave, J.L., Chemical reactions of carbon atoms and molecules from laser-induced vaporization of graphite, TaC and WC, J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transfer, 1988, 40, 3, 439, https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-4073(88)90132-X . [all data]

Szczepanski, Ekern, et al., 1996
Szczepanski, J.; Ekern, S.; Chapo, C.; Vala, M., Infrared spectroscopy of matrix-isolated carbon clusters, with emphasis on C8 and C9, Chem. Phys., 1996, 211, 1-3, 359, https://doi.org/10.1016/0301-0104(96)00212-1 . [all data]

Kawaguchi, Matsumura, et al., 1989
Kawaguchi, K.; Matsumura, K.; Kanamori, H.; Hirota, E., Diode laser spectroscopy of C3: The ν2+ν3-ν2, 2ν2+ν3- 2ν2, and 2ν2+ν3 bands, J. Chem. Phys., 1989, 91, 4, 1953, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.457054 . [all data]

Northrup and Sears, 1989
Northrup, F.J.; Sears, T.J., Observation of stimulated emission pumping spectra of jet-cooled NCS and C3, Chem. Phys. Lett., 1989, 159, 5-6, 421, https://doi.org/10.1016/0009-2614(89)87510-4 . [all data]

Schmuttenmaer, Cohen, et al., 1990
Schmuttenmaer, C.A.; Cohen, R.C.; Pugliano, N.; Heath, J.R.; Cooksy, A.L.; Busarow, K.L.; Saykally, R.J., Tunable far-IR laser spectroscopy of jet-cooled carbon clusters: the nu 2 bending vibration of C3, Science, 1990, 249, 4971, 897, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.11538082 . [all data]

Gendriesch, Pehl, et al., 2003
Gendriesch, R.; Pehl, K.; Giesen, T.; Winnewisser, G.; Lewen, F., Z. Naturforsch., 2003, 58a, 129. [all data]

Zhang, Lin, et al., 2004
Zhang, G.; Lin, B.-G.; Wen, S.-M.; Hsu, Y.-C., The C[sub 3]-bending levels of the C[sub 3]--Ar complex studied by optical spectroscopy and ab initio calculation, J. Chem. Phys., 2004, 120, 7, 3189, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1641017 . [all data]

Hinkle, Keady, et al., 1988
Hinkle, K.H.; Keady, J.J.; Bernath, P.F., Detection of C3 in the Circumstellar Shell of IRC+10216, Science, 1988, 241, 4871, 1319, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.241.4871.1319 . [all data]

Matsumura, Kanamori, et al., 1988
Matsumura, K.; Kanamori, H.; Kawaguchi, K.; Hirota, E., Infrared diode laser kinetic spectroscopy of the ν3 band of C3, J. Chem. Phys., 1988, 89, 6, 3491, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.454919 . [all data]

Wu, Chen, et al., 2009
Wu, Y.-J.; Chen, H.-F.; Camacho, C.; Sitek, H.A.; Hsu, S.-C.; Lin, M.-Y.; Chou, S.-L.; Ogilvie, J.F.; Cheng, B.-M., FORMATION AND IDENTIFICATION OF INTERSTELLAR MOLECULE LINEAR C, Astrophys. J., 2009, 701, 1, 8, https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/701/1/8 . [all data]

Jacox and Milligan, 1974
Jacox, M.E.; Milligan, D.E., Matrix isolation study of the vacuum ultraviolet photolysis of allene and methylacetylene. Vibrational and electronic spectra of the species C3, C3H, C3H2, and C3H3, Chem. Phys., 1974, 4, 1, 45, https://doi.org/10.1016/0301-0104(74)80047-9 . [all data]

Miki, Wakabayashi, et al., 1996
Miki, M.; Wakabayashi, T.; Momose, T.; Shida, T., Infrared Spectroscopic Studies of Carbon Clusters Trapped in Solid Parahydrogen, J. Phys. Chem., 1996, 100, 30, 12135, https://doi.org/10.1021/jp961214z . [all data]

Tam, Macler, et al., 1997
Tam, S.; Macler, M.; Fajardo, M.E., Matrix isolation spectroscopy of laser ablated carbon species in Ne, D[sub 2], and H[sub 2] matrices, J. Chem. Phys., 1997, 106, 22, 8955, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.474028 . [all data]

Jacox, 1994
Jacox, M.E., Vibrational and electronic energy levels of polyatomic transient molecules, American Chemical Society, Washington, DC, 1994, 464. [all data]

Jacox, 1998
Jacox, M.E., Vibrational and electronic energy levels of polyatomic transient molecules: supplement A, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 1998, 27, 2, 115-393, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.556017 . [all data]

Jacox, 2003
Jacox, M.E., Vibrational and electronic energy levels of polyatomic transient molecules: supplement B, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 2003, 32, 1, 1-441, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1497629 . [all data]

Becker, Tatarczyk, et al., 1979
Becker, K.H.; Tatarczyk, T.; Radic-Peric, J., Lifetime measurements of electronically excited C3(1Πu) radicals in different vibrational states, Chem. Phys. Lett., 1979, 60, 3, 502, https://doi.org/10.1016/0009-2614(79)80622-3 . [all data]

Reisler, Mangir, et al., 1980
Reisler, H.; Mangir, M.; Wittig, C., The kinetics of free radicals generated by IR laser photolysis. II. Reactions of C2(X 1Σ+g), C2(a 3Πu), C3(X 1Σ+g) and CN(X 2Σ+) with O2, Chem. Phys., 1980, 47, 1, 49, https://doi.org/10.1016/0301-0104(80)80019-X . [all data]

Jungen and Merer, 1980
Jungen, Ch.; Merer, A.J., Orbital angular momentum in triatomic molecules, Mol. Phys., 1980, 40, 1, 95, https://doi.org/10.1080/00268978000101321 . [all data]

Rohlfing and Goldsmith, 1990
Rohlfing, E.A.; Goldsmith, J.E.M., Stimulated-emission pumping spectroscopy of jet-cooled C3 : antisymmetric stretch---bend levels, J. Opt. Soc. Am. B, 1990, 7, 9, 1915, https://doi.org/10.1364/JOSAB.7.001915 . [all data]

Northrup and Sears, 1990
Northrup, F.J.; Sears, T.J., Stimulated-emission pumping spectroscopy study of jet-cooled C_3: pure bending levels and bend---symmetric-stretch combination levels of X~^1Σ_g^+, J. Opt. Soc. Am. B, 1990, 7, 9, 1924, https://doi.org/10.1364/JOSAB.7.001924 . [all data]

Northrup, Sears, et al., 1991
Northrup, F.J.; Sears, T.J.; Rohlfing, E.A., A semirigid bender analysis of an extensive set of rotation-vibration levels in, J. Mol. Spectrosc., 1991, 145, 1, 74, https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-2852(91)90352-B . [all data]

Notes

Go To: Top, Reaction thermochemistry data, Vibrational and/or electronic energy levels, References

• Symbols used in this document:
  

  ΔrH°	Enthalpy of reaction at standard conditions

• Data from NIST Standard Reference Database 69: NIST Chemistry WebBook
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