Benzene, 1-methyl-4-nitro-


Gas phase thermochemistry data

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled by: Hussein Y. Afeefy, Joel F. Liebman, and Stephen E. Stein

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δfgas7.38 ± 0.94kcal/molCcbLenchitz, Velicky, et al., 1971 

Condensed phase thermochemistry data

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
ALS - Hussein Y. Afeefy, Joel F. Liebman, and Stephen E. Stein
DH - Eugene S. Domalski and Elizabeth D. Hearing

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δfsolid-11.52 ± 0.72kcal/molCcbLenchitz, Velicky, et al., 1971ALS
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δcsolid-885.96 ± 0.70kcal/molCcbLenchitz, Velicky, et al., 1971ALS
Δcsolid-888.8kcal/molCcbGarner and Abernethy, 1921ALS

Constant pressure heat capacity of solid

Cp,solid (cal/mol*K) Temperature (K) Reference Comment
41.18298.15Richardson and Savill, 1979crystaline, I phase; T = 270 to 340 K. Equations only. Data for stable and metastable crystal form.; DH

Phase change data

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
BS - Robert L. Brown and Stephen E. Stein
TRC - Thermodynamics Research Center, NIST Boulder Laboratories, Chris Muzny director
AC - William E. Acree, Jr., James S. Chickos
ALS - Hussein Y. Afeefy, Joel F. Liebman, and Stephen E. Stein
DH - Eugene S. Domalski and Elizabeth D. Hearing

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Tboil511. ± 4.KAVGN/AAverage of 7 values; Individual data points
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Tfus325. ± 2.KAVGN/AAverage of 15 out of 17 values; Individual data points
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Ttriple324.780KN/AAndon and Connett, 1980Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.002 K; TRC
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δsub17.9 ± 0.24kcal/molGSWidegren and Bruno, 2010Based on data from 283. to 313. K.; AC
Δsub18.9 ± 0.6kcal/molVLenchitz, Velicky, et al., 1971ALS
Δsub18.9 ± 0.60kcal/molMELenchitz, Velicky, et al., 1971AC
Δsub18.9kcal/molN/ALenchitz and Velicky, 1970Based on data from 298. to 310. K.; AC

Enthalpy of vaporization

ΔvapH (kcal/mol) Temperature (K) Method Reference Comment
12.6422.EBAim, 1994Based on data from 407. to 457. K.; AC
11.9438.AStephenson and Malanowski, 1987Based on data from 423. to 512. K.; AC
13.0402.N/ALevin and Shtern, 1938Based on data from 387. to 493. K. See also Aim, 1994.; AC

Antoine Equation Parameters

log10(P) = A − (B / (T + C))
    P = vapor pressure (atm)
    T = temperature (K)

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Temperature (K) A B C Reference Comment
420.86 to 506.404.08671699.858-90.468Dreisbach and Shrader, 1949Coefficents calculated by NIST from author's data.

Enthalpy of fusion

ΔfusH (kcal/mol) Temperature (K) Reference Comment
4.018324.8Acree, 1991AC

Enthalpy of phase transition

ΔHtrs (kcal/mol) Temperature (K) Initial Phase Final Phase Reference Comment
4.0179324.788crystaline, IliquidAndon and Connett, 1980, 2DH
16.917318.5crystaline, IIliquidRichardson and Savill, 1979Metastable form.; DH
16.683324.7crystaline, IliquidRichardson and Savill, 1979DH

Entropy of phase transition

ΔStrs (cal/mol*K) Temperature (K) Initial Phase Final Phase Reference Comment
12.37324.788crystaline, IliquidAndon and Connett, 1980, 2DH
53.11318.5crystaline, IIliquidRichardson and Savill, 1979Metastable; DH
51.39324.7crystaline, IliquidRichardson and Savill, 1979DH

In addition to the Thermodynamics Research Center (TRC) data available from this site, much more physical and chemical property data is available from the following TRC products:


Reaction thermochemistry data

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
B - John E. Bartmess
M - Michael M. Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Sharon G. Lias

Note: Please consider using the reaction search for this species. This page allows searching of all reactions involving this species. A general reaction search form is also available. Future versions of this site may rely on reaction search pages in place of the enumerated reaction displays seen below.

Individual Reactions

Bromine anion + Benzene, 1-methyl-4-nitro- = (Bromine anion • Benzene, 1-methyl-4-nitro-)

By formula: Br- + C7H7NO2 = (Br- • C7H7NO2)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr16.2 ± 1.8kcal/molIMREPaul and Kebarle, 1991gas phase; ΔGaff measured at 303 K, corrected to 423 K, ΔSaff taken as that of mCF3-nitrobenzene..Br-; B,M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr22.cal/mol*KN/APaul and Kebarle, 1991gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr6.8 ± 1.0kcal/molIMREPaul and Kebarle, 1991gas phase; ΔGaff measured at 303 K, corrected to 423 K, ΔSaff taken as that of mCF3-nitrobenzene..Br-; B

Free energy of reaction

ΔrG° (kcal/mol) T (K) Method Reference Comment
6.8423.PHPMSPaul and Kebarle, 1991gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

C7H6NO2- + Hydrogen cation = Benzene, 1-methyl-4-nitro-

By formula: C7H6NO2- + H+ = C7H7NO2

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr352.5 ± 2.1kcal/molG+TSTaft and Topsom, 1987gas phase; value altered from reference due to change in acidity scale; B
Δr353.1 ± 2.4kcal/molG+TSCumming and Kebarle, 1978gas phase; B
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr345.3 ± 2.0kcal/molIMRETaft and Topsom, 1987gas phase; value altered from reference due to change in acidity scale; B
Δr345.9 ± 2.0kcal/molIMRECumming and Kebarle, 1978gas phase; B

Chlorine anion + Benzene, 1-methyl-4-nitro- = (Chlorine anion • Benzene, 1-methyl-4-nitro-)

By formula: Cl- + C7H7NO2 = (Cl- • C7H7NO2)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr7.50kcal/molTDEqFrench, Ikuta, et al., 1982gas phase; B

Free energy of reaction

ΔrG° (kcal/mol) T (K) Method Reference Comment
7.5300.PHPMSFrench, Ikuta, et al., 1982gas phase; M

Gas phase ion energetics data

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data evaluated as indicated in comments:
HL - Edward P. Hunter and Sharon G. Lias
L - Sharon G. Lias

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
B - John E. Bartmess
LL - Sharon G. Lias and Joel F. Liebman
LLK - Sharon G. Lias, Rhoda D. Levin, and Sherif A. Kafafi
RDSH - Henry M. Rosenstock, Keith Draxl, Bruce W. Steiner, and John T. Herron

View reactions leading to C7H7NO2+ (ion structure unspecified)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
IE (evaluated)9.46 ± 0.05eVN/AN/AL
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Proton affinity (review)194.8kcal/molN/AHunter and Lias, 1998HL
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Gas basicity187.1kcal/molN/AHunter and Lias, 1998HL

Electron affinity determinations

EA (eV) Method Reference Comment
0.95 ± 0.10IMREChowdhury, Heinis, et al., 1986ΔGea(423 K) = -21.2 kcal/mol; ΔSea (estimated) = -2.0 eu.; B
0.971 ± 0.048IMREFukuda and McIver, 1985ΔGea(355 K) = -21.7 kcal/mol; ΔSea =-2.0, est. from data in Chowdhury, Heinis, et al., 1986; B
0.932 ± 0.087IMREHuh, Kang, et al., 1999ΔG(EA) 343K; anchored to ΔG value. Including anchor ΔS, EA is ca. 0.4 kcal/mol more bound.; B
0.960 ± 0.030ECDChen, Chen, et al., 1992B
<1.100 ± 0.050PDMock and Grimsrud, 1989B

Ionization energy determinations

IE (eV) Method Reference Comment
9.46 ± 0.05PIPECOBaer, Morrow, et al., 1988LL
9.1 ± 0.1PEEgdell, Green, et al., 1975LLK
9.56EIJohnstone and Mellon, 1973LLK
9.76 ± 0.05EIBuchs, 1970RDSH
9.5 ± 0.1EIBrown, 1970RDSH
9.52PEKobayashi and Nagakura, 1974Vertical value; LLK
9.54 ± 0.015PEKobayashi and Nagakura, 1972Vertical value; LLK

Appearance energy determinations

Ion AE (eV) Other Products MethodReferenceComment
C5H5+14.9 ± 0.2C2H2+NO2EITajima and Tsuchiya, 1973LLK
C7H7+11.08NO2PIPECOBaer, Morrow, et al., 1988T = 0K; LL
C7H7+11.15NO2PIPECOBaer, Morrow, et al., 1988T = 298K; LL
C7H7+11.3 ± 0.1NO2PIMatyuk, Potapov, et al., 1979LLK
C7H7+12.3 ± 0.3NO2EIMcLafferty and Winkler, 1974LLK
C7H7+11.8 ± 0.1NO2EIBrown, 1970RDSH
C7H7O+10.91 ± 0.05NOPIMatyuk, Potapov, et al., 1979LLK
C7H7O+10.3 ± 0.1NOEIBrown, 1970RDSH

De-protonation reactions

C7H6NO2- + Hydrogen cation = Benzene, 1-methyl-4-nitro-

By formula: C7H6NO2- + H+ = C7H7NO2

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr352.5 ± 2.1kcal/molG+TSTaft and Topsom, 1987gas phase; value altered from reference due to change in acidity scale; B
Δr353.1 ± 2.4kcal/molG+TSCumming and Kebarle, 1978gas phase; B
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr345.3 ± 2.0kcal/molIMRETaft and Topsom, 1987gas phase; value altered from reference due to change in acidity scale; B
Δr345.9 ± 2.0kcal/molIMRECumming and Kebarle, 1978gas phase; B

Ion clustering data

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
B - John E. Bartmess
M - Michael M. Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Sharon G. Lias

Note: Please consider using the reaction search for this species. This page allows searching of all reactions involving this species. Searches may be limited to ion clustering reactions. A general reaction search form is also available.

Clustering reactions

Bromine anion + Benzene, 1-methyl-4-nitro- = (Bromine anion • Benzene, 1-methyl-4-nitro-)

By formula: Br- + C7H7NO2 = (Br- • C7H7NO2)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr16.2 ± 1.8kcal/molIMREPaul and Kebarle, 1991gas phase; ΔGaff measured at 303 K, corrected to 423 K, ΔSaff taken as that of mCF3-nitrobenzene..Br-; B,M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr22.cal/mol*KN/APaul and Kebarle, 1991gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr6.8 ± 1.0kcal/molIMREPaul and Kebarle, 1991gas phase; ΔGaff measured at 303 K, corrected to 423 K, ΔSaff taken as that of mCF3-nitrobenzene..Br-; B

Free energy of reaction

ΔrG° (kcal/mol) T (K) Method Reference Comment
6.8423.PHPMSPaul and Kebarle, 1991gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

Chlorine anion + Benzene, 1-methyl-4-nitro- = (Chlorine anion • Benzene, 1-methyl-4-nitro-)

By formula: Cl- + C7H7NO2 = (Cl- • C7H7NO2)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr7.50kcal/molTDEqFrench, Ikuta, et al., 1982gas phase; B

Free energy of reaction

ΔrG° (kcal/mol) T (K) Method Reference Comment
7.5300.PHPMSFrench, Ikuta, et al., 1982gas phase; M

IR Spectrum

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Data compiled by: Coblentz Society, Inc.

Data compiled by: NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, William E. Wallace, director


UV/Visible spectrum

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled by: Victor Talrose, Alexander N. Yermakov, Alexy A. Usov, Antonina A. Goncharova, Axlexander N. Leskin, Natalia A. Messineva, Natalia V. Trusova, Margarita V. Efimkina

Spectrum

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Additional Data

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Source Lang (editor), 1965
Owner INEP CP RAS, NIST OSRD
Collection (C) 2007 copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce
on behalf of the United States of America. All rights reserved.
Origin INSTITUTE OF ENERGY PROBLEMS OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS, RAS
Source reference RAS UV No. 19988
Instrument Unicam SP 500
Melting point 54

References

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Ion clustering data, IR Spectrum, UV/Visible spectrum, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Lenchitz, Velicky, et al., 1971
Lenchitz, C.; Velicky, R.W.; Silvestro, G.; Schlosberg, L.P., Thermodynamic properties of several nitrotoluenes, J. Chem. Thermodyn., 1971, 3, 689-692. [all data]

Garner and Abernethy, 1921
Garner, W.E.; Abernethy, C.L., Heats of combustion and formation of nitro-compounds. Part I. - Benzene, toluene, phenol and methylaniline series, Proc. Roy. Soc. London A, 1921, 213-235. [all data]

Richardson and Savill, 1979
Richardson, M.J.; Savill, N.G., Free energy changes by differential scanning calorimetry: application to a low energy but metastable form of p-nitrotoluene, Thermochim. Acta, 1979, 30, 327-337. [all data]

Andon and Connett, 1980
Andon, R.J.L.; Connett, J.E., Calibrants for thermal analysis. measurement of their enthalpies of fusion by adiabatic calorimetry., Thermochim. Acta, 1980, 42, 241. [all data]

Widegren and Bruno, 2010
Widegren, Jason A.; Bruno, Thomas J., Gas Saturation Vapor Pressure Measurements of Mononitrotoluene Isomers from (283.15 to 313.15) K «8224», J. Chem. Eng. Data, 2010, 55, 1, 159-164, https://doi.org/10.1021/je900293j . [all data]

Lenchitz and Velicky, 1970
Lenchitz, Charles; Velicky, Rodolf W., Vapor pressure and heat of sublimation of three nitrotoluenes, J. Chem. Eng. Data, 1970, 15, 3, 401-403, https://doi.org/10.1021/je60046a022 . [all data]

Aim, 1994
Aim, Karel, Saturated Vapor Pressure Measurements on Isomeric Mononitrotoluenes at Temperatures between 380 and 460 K, J. Chem. Eng. Data, 1994, 39, 3, 591-594, https://doi.org/10.1021/je00015a044 . [all data]

Stephenson and Malanowski, 1987
Stephenson, Richard M.; Malanowski, Stanislaw, Handbook of the Thermodynamics of Organic Compounds, 1987, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3173-2 . [all data]

Levin and Shtern, 1938
Levin, E.; Shtern, I., Educ. Psychol. Meas., 1938, 11, 426. [all data]

Dreisbach and Shrader, 1949
Dreisbach, R.R.; Shrader, S.A., Vapor Pressure--Temperature Data on Some Organic Compounds, Ind. Eng. Chem., 1949, 41, 12, 2879-2880, https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50480a054 . [all data]

Acree, 1991
Acree, William E., Thermodynamic properties of organic compounds: enthalpy of fusion and melting point temperature compilation, Thermochimica Acta, 1991, 189, 1, 37-56, https://doi.org/10.1016/0040-6031(91)87098-H . [all data]

Andon and Connett, 1980, 2
Andon, R.J.L.; Connett, J.E., Calibrants for thermal analysis. Measurement of their enthalpies of fusion by adiabatic calorimetry, Thermochim. Acta, 1980, 42, 241-247. [all data]

Paul and Kebarle, 1991
Paul, G.J.C.; Kebarle, P., Stabilities of Complexes of Br- with Substituted Benzenes (SB) Based on Determinations of the Gas-Phase Equilibria Br- + SB = (BrSB)-, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1991, 113, 4, 1148, https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00004a014 . [all data]

Taft and Topsom, 1987
Taft, R.W.; Topsom, R.D., The Nature and Analysis of Substituent Effects, Prog. Phys. Org. Chem., 1987, 16, 1. [all data]

Cumming and Kebarle, 1978
Cumming, J.B.; Kebarle, P., Summary of gas phase measurements involving acids AH. Entropy changes in proton transfer reactions involving negative ions. Bond dissociation energies D(A-H) and electron affinities EA(A), Can. J. Chem., 1978, 56, 1. [all data]

French, Ikuta, et al., 1982
French, M.A.; Ikuta, S.; Kebarle, P., Hydrogen bonding of O-H and C-H hydrogen donors to Cl-. Results from mass spectrometric measurement of the ion-molecule equilibria RH + Cl- = RHCl-, Can. J. Chem., 1982, 60, 1907. [all data]

Hunter and Lias, 1998
Hunter, E.P.; Lias, S.G., Evaluated Gas Phase Basicities and Proton Affinities of Molecules: An Update, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 1998, 27, 3, 413-656, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.556018 . [all data]

Chowdhury, Heinis, et al., 1986
Chowdhury, S.; Heinis, T.; Grimsrud, E.P.; Kebarle, P., Entropy Changes and Electron Affinities from Gas-Phase Electron Transfer Equilibria: A- + B = A + B-, J. Phys. Chem., 1986, 90, 12, 2747, https://doi.org/10.1021/j100403a037 . [all data]

Fukuda and McIver, 1985
Fukuda, E.K.; McIver, R.T., Jr., Relative electron affinities of substituted benzophenones, nitrobenzenes, and quinones. [Anchored to EA(SO2) from 74CEL/BEN], J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1985, 107, 2291. [all data]

Huh, Kang, et al., 1999
Huh, C.; Kang, C.H.; Lee, H.W.; Nakamura, H.; Mishima, M.; Tsuno, Y.; Yamataka, H., Thermodynamic stabilities and resonance demand of aromatic radical anions in the gas phase, Bull. Chem. Soc. Japan, 1999, 72, 5, 1083-1091, https://doi.org/10.1246/bcsj.72.1083 . [all data]

Chen, Chen, et al., 1992
Chen, E.C.M.; Chen, E.S.; Milligan, M.S.; Wentworth, W.E.; Wiley, J.R., Experimental Determination of the Electron Affinities of Nitrobenzene, Nitrotoluenes, Pentafluoronitrobenzene, and Isotopic Nitrobenzenes an, J. Phys. Chem., 1992, 96, 5, 2385, https://doi.org/10.1021/j100184a069 . [all data]

Mock and Grimsrud, 1989
Mock, R.S.; Grimsrud, E.P., Gas-Phase Electron Photodetachment Spectroscopy of the Molecular Anions of Nitroaromatic Hydrocarbons at Atmospheric Pressure, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1989, 111, 8, 2861, https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00190a020 . [all data]

Baer, Morrow, et al., 1988
Baer, T.; Morrow, J.C.; Shao, J.D.; Olesik, S., Gas-phase heats of formation of C7H7+ isomers: m-Tolyl, p-tolyl, and benzyl ions, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1988, 110, 5633. [all data]

Egdell, Green, et al., 1975
Egdell, R.; Green, J.C.; Rao, C.N.R., Photoelectron spectra of substituted benzenes, Chem. Phys. Lett., 1975, 33, 600. [all data]

Johnstone and Mellon, 1973
Johnstone, R.A.W.; Mellon, F.A., Effects of induction and resonance in the calculation of ionization potentials of substituted benzenes by perturbation molecular orbital theory, J. Chem. Soc. Faraday Trans. 2, 1973, 69, 36. [all data]

Buchs, 1970
Buchs, A., Etude par spectrometrie de masse de l'ionisation de benzonitriles, de phenylacetonitriles et de N,N-dimethylanilines substitues, Helv. Chim. Acta, 1970, 53, 2026. [all data]

Brown, 1970
Brown, P., Kinetic studies in mass spectrometry. IX. Competing [M-NO2] and [M-NO] reactions in substituted nitrobenzenes. Approximate activation energies from ionization and appearance potentials, Org. Mass Spectrom., 1970, 4, 533. [all data]

Kobayashi and Nagakura, 1974
Kobayashi, T.; Nagakura, S., Photoelectron spectra of substituted benzenes, Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn., 1974, 47, 2563. [all data]

Kobayashi and Nagakura, 1972
Kobayashi, T.; Nagakura, S., Photoelectron spectra of nitro-compounds, Chem. Lett., 1972, 903. [all data]

Tajima and Tsuchiya, 1973
Tajima, S.; Tsuchiya, T., Energetics consideration of C5H5+ ions produced from various precursors by electron impact, Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn., 1973, 46, 3291. [all data]

Matyuk, Potapov, et al., 1979
Matyuk, V.M.; Potapov, V.K.; Prokhoda, A.L., Photoexcitation and photoionisation of nitro- derivatives of benzene and toluene, Russ. J. Phys. Chem., 1979, 53, 538. [all data]

McLafferty and Winkler, 1974
McLafferty, F.W.; Winkler, J., Gaseous tropylium, benzyl, tolyl, and norbornadienyl cations, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1974, 96, 5182. [all data]

Lang (editor), 1965
Lang (editor), L., Absorption Spectra in the Ultraviolet and Visible Region, 1965, 6, 13. [all data]


Notes

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