α-Methylstyrene

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Gas phase thermochemistry data

Go To: Top, Reaction thermochemistry data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Gas Chromatography, References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
ALS - Hussein Y. Afeefy, Joel F. Liebman, and Stephen E. Stein
GT - Glushko Thermocenter, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δfgas118.3 ± 1.4kJ/molEqkGuthrie, 1978ALS
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δcgas-5083.77kJ/molCcbKrall and Roberts, 1958Corresponding Δfgas = 113.0 kJ/mol (simple calculation by NIST; no Washburn corrections); ALS

Constant pressure heat capacity of gas

Cp,gas (J/mol*K) Temperature (K) Reference Comment
45.5250.Thermodynamics Research Center, 1997p=1 bar.; GT
57.42100.
73.78150.
94.14200.
128.36273.15
140.49298.15
141.38300.
187.68400.
227.07500.
259.1600.
285.1700.
306.5800.
324.3900.
339.31000.
352.01100.
362.71200.
371.91300.
379.81400.
386.51500.

Reaction thermochemistry data

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
ALS - Hussein Y. Afeefy, Joel F. Liebman, and Stephen E. Stein
B - John E. Bartmess

Note: Please consider using the reaction search for this species. This page allows searching of all reactions involving this species. A general reaction search form is also available. Future versions of this site may rely on reaction search pages in place of the enumerated reaction displays seen below.

Individual Reactions

Hydrogen chloride + α-Methylstyrene = Benzene, (1-chloro-1-methylethyl)-

By formula: HCl + C9H10 = C9H11Cl

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr-36.8 ± 1.9kJ/molCmArnett and Pienta, 1980liquid phase; solvent: Methylene chloride; Hydrochlorination; ALS
Δr-51.9 ± 4.6kJ/molCmNesterova, Kovzel, et al., 1977liquid phase; Hydrochlorination; ALS

C9H9- + Hydrogen cation = α-Methylstyrene

By formula: C9H9- + H+ = C9H10

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr1613. ± 23.kJ/molG+TSBartmess and Burnham, 1984gas phase; between H2O, MeOH; B
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr1586. ± 23.kJ/molIMRBBartmess and Burnham, 1984gas phase; between H2O, MeOH; B

Hydrogen + α-Methylstyrene = Benzene, (1-methylethyl)-

By formula: H2 + C9H10 = C9H12

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr-111.3 ± 2.1kJ/molChydAbboud, Jimenez, et al., 1995liquid phase; solvent: Hyrocarbon; Like gas phase; ALS

Hydrogen bromide + α-Methylstyrene = Benzene, (1-bromo-1-methylethyl)-

By formula: HBr + C9H10 = C9H11Br

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr-63.6 ± 5.4kJ/molCmNesterova, Kovzel, et al., 1977liquid phase; Hydrobromination; ALS

Gas phase ion energetics data

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Gas Chromatography, References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data evaluated as indicated in comments:
HL - Edward P. Hunter and Sharon G. Lias

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
B - John E. Bartmess
LBLHLM - Sharon G. Lias, John E. Bartmess, Joel F. Liebman, John L. Holmes, Rhoda D. Levin, and W. Gary Mallard
LLK - Sharon G. Lias, Rhoda D. Levin, and Sherif A. Kafafi
RDSH - Henry M. Rosenstock, Keith Draxl, Bruce W. Steiner, and John T. Herron

View reactions leading to C9H10+ (ion structure unspecified)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Proton affinity (review)864.2kJ/molN/AHunter and Lias, 1998HL
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Gas basicity835.3kJ/molN/AHunter and Lias, 1998HL

Ionization energy determinations

IE (eV) Method Reference Comment
8.3 ± 0.1EIKoppel, Schwarz, et al., 1974LLK
8.18 ± 0.04EIBenito, Seidl, et al., 1973LLK
8.35 ± 0.01PIWatanabe, Nakayama, et al., 1962RDSH
8.50PEChizhov, Timoshenko, et al., 1986Vertical value; LBLHLM
8.52PEKobayashi, Yokota, et al., 1973Vertical value; LLK

Appearance energy determinations

Ion AE (eV) Other Products MethodReferenceComment
C9H9+11.8 ± 0.1HEIKoppel, Schwarz, et al., 1974LLK

De-protonation reactions

C9H9- + Hydrogen cation = α-Methylstyrene

By formula: C9H9- + H+ = C9H10

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr1613. ± 23.kJ/molG+TSBartmess and Burnham, 1984gas phase; between H2O, MeOH; B
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr1586. ± 23.kJ/molIMRBBartmess and Burnham, 1984gas phase; between H2O, MeOH; B

Gas Chromatography

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled by: NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, William E. Wallace, director

Kovats' RI, non-polar column, isothermal

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Column type Active phase Temperature (C) I Reference Comment
CapillaryOV-1010.948.Skrbic and Vojinovic-Miloradov, 1994 
CapillaryOV-101100.973.Engewald, Topalova, et al., 1987Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.30 mm
CapillarySqualane106.960.Kugucheva and Mashinsky, 1983He; Column length: 100. m
CapillarySqualane96.958.Kugucheva and Mashinsky, 1983He; Column length: 100. m
CapillarySE-3070.966.4Tóth, 1983N2; Column length: 15. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm
CapillarySE-30130.980.Bredael, 1982Column length: 100. m; Column diameter: 0.5 mm
CapillarySE-3080.968.Bredael, 1982Column length: 100. m; Column diameter: 0.5 mm
PackedApiezon L150.1016.Jaworski, 1982Column length: 3. m
CapillarySqualane86.957.8Macák, Nabivach, et al., 1982N2; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm
CapillarySqualane96.960.Macák, Nabivach, et al., 1982N2; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm
CapillaryOV-101100.972.5Gerasimenko, Kirilenko, et al., 1981N2; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.3 mm
CapillaryOV-101120.977.4Gerasimenko, Kirilenko, et al., 1981N2; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.3 mm
CapillaryOV-101140.983.1Gerasimenko, Kirilenko, et al., 1981N2; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.3 mm
CapillarySqualane86.957.8Nabivach, Bur'yan, et al., 1978Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm
CapillarySqualane96.960.0Nabivach, Bur'yan, et al., 1978Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm
CapillarySE-3065.963.1Svob, Deur-Siftar, et al., 1974He; Column length: 25.5 m; Column diameter: 0.5 mm
CapillarySE-3065.963.1Svob, Deur-Siftar, et al., 1974He; Column length: 25.5 m; Column diameter: 0.5 mm
CapillarySE-3065.963.2Svob, Deur-Siftar, et al., 1974He; Column length: 25.5 m; Column diameter: 0.5 mm
CapillarySE-3065.963.1Svob, Deur-Siftar, et al., 1974He; Column length: 25.5 m; Column diameter: 0.5 mm
CapillarySE-3065.963.1Svob, Deur-Siftar, et al., 1974He; Column length: 25.5 m; Column diameter: 0.5 mm
CapillarySE-3065.963.5Svob and Deur-Siftar, 1974He; Column length: 25.5 m; Column diameter: 0.5 mm

Kovats' RI, polar column, isothermal

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Column type Active phase Temperature (C) I Reference Comment
CapillaryCarbowax 20M110.1357.2Boneva and Vassilev, 199650. m/0.32 mm/0.3 μm, N2
CapillaryCarbowax 20M120.1366.Boneva and Vassilev, 199650. m/0.32 mm/0.3 μm, N2
CapillaryPEG-20M70.1320.9Tóth, 1983N2; Column length: 30. m; Column diameter: 0.3 mm
PackedCarbowax 20M150.1353.3Ellis and Still, 1979Chromosorb W, AW-DMCS
PackedCarbowax 20M115.1351.4Ellis and Still, 1979Chromosorb G
PackedCarbowax 20M115.1352.2Ellis and Still, 1979Chromosorb G
PackedCarbowax 20M165.1363.Ellis and Still, 1979, 2Chromosorb W, AW-DMCS
CapillaryCarbowax 20M90.1300.1Döring, Estel, et al., 1974Column length: 100. m; Column diameter: 0.2 mm
PackedPEG-20M120.1294.7Still, Evans, et al., 1972Chromosorb G; Column length: 3. m
PackedPEG-20M120.1295.6Still, Evans, et al., 1972Chromosorb G; Column length: 3. m

Van Den Dool and Kratz RI, non-polar column, temperature ramp

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Column type Active phase I Reference Comment
CapillaryCP-Sil 8CB-MS986.Elmore, Cooper, et al., 20050. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 40. C @ 2. min, 4. K/min, 280. C @ 5. min
CapillaryDB-5987.9Xu, van Stee, et al., 200330. m/0.25 mm/1. μm, He, 2.5 K/min; Tstart: 50. C; Tend: 200. C
CapillaryDB-1980.0Helmig, Klinger, et al., 199960. m/0.32 mm/1. μm, -50. C @ 2. min, 6. K/min; Tend: 175. C
CapillaryDB-1964.9Helmig, Pollock, et al., 199630. m/0.25 mm/1. μm, 6. K/min; Tstart: -50. C; Tend: 180. C
PackedSE-30985.Fischer and Kusch, 1990Chromosorb W AW (80-100 mesh), 5. K/min; Column length: 1.5 m; Tstart: 60. C; Tend: 280. C
CapillarySE-54974.0Shapi and Hesso, 199025. m/0.32 mm/0.15 μm, He, 40. C @ 1. min, 5. K/min, 280. C @ 15. min
CapillarySE-54974.0Shapi and Hesso, 199025. m/0.32 mm/0.15 μm, He, 40. C @ 1. min, 5. K/min, 280. C @ 15. min
CapillarySE-54974.0Shapi and Hesso, 199025. m/0.32 mm/0.15 μm, He, 40. C @ 1. min, 5. K/min, 280. C @ 15. min

Van Den Dool and Kratz RI, non-polar column, custom temperature program

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Column type Active phase I Reference Comment
CapillaryDB-1966.Mattinen, Tuominen, et al., 199530. m/0.32 mm/1. μm, He; Program: 40C(3min) => 5C/min => 150C => 10C/min => 210C(30min)

Van Den Dool and Kratz RI, polar column, temperature ramp

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Column type Active phase I Reference Comment
CapillaryCP-Wax 52CB1326.Alasalvar, Taylor, et al., 200560. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, 35. C @ 4. min, 3. K/min; Tend: 203. C
CapillaryFFAP1358.Ott, Fay, et al., 199730. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 20. C @ 1. min, 4. K/min, 200. C @ 1. min
CapillaryCP-WAX 57CB1305.Baltes and Mevissen, 1988He, 50. C @ 5. min, 2. K/min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.24 mm; Tend: 210. C

Normal alkane RI, non-polar column, temperature ramp

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Column type Active phase I Reference Comment
CapillaryPetrocol DH969.Supelco, 2012100. m/0.25 mm/0.50 μm, Helium, 20. C @ 15. min, 15. K/min, 220. C @ 30. min
CapillaryOV-101965.Zenkevich, 2001N2, 4. K/min; Column length: 25. m; Column diameter: 0.20 mm; Tstart: 60. C; Tend: 240. C
CapillaryBP-1972.Health Safety Executive, 200050. m/0.22 mm/0.75 μm, He, 5. K/min; Tstart: 50. C; Tend: 200. C
CapillaryMethyl Silicone965.23Baraldi, Rapparini, et al., 199960. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, 40. C @ 10. min, 5. K/min; Tend: 220. C
CapillaryOV-101964.Orav, Kailas, et al., 199950. m/0.20 mm/0.50 μm, Helium, 30. C @ 6. min, 1. K/min; Tend: 100. C
CapillarySP-2100961.Fischer and Kusch, 1993He, 40. C @ 3. min, 5. K/min; Column length: 30. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; Tend: 280. C
CapillaryOV-101968.Mandelshtam, Kharicheva, et al., 1991Helium, 50. C @ 0. min, 3. K/min, 220. C @ 0. min; Column length: 54. m; Column diameter: 0.26 mm

Normal alkane RI, non-polar column, custom temperature program

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Column type Active phase I Reference Comment
CapillaryPolydimethyl siloxane with 5 % Ph groups987.Robinson, Adams, et al., 2012Program: not specified
CapillaryPolydimethyl siloxane with 5 % Ph groups988.Robinson, Adams, et al., 2012Program: not specified
CapillaryDB-5 MS994.Cajka, Hajslova, et al., 200730. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium; Program: 45 0C (0.75 min) 10 0C/min -> 200 0C 30 0C/min -> 245 0C (1.25 min)
CapillaryPolymethylsiloxane, (PMS-20000)966.Cornwell and Cordano, 2003Program: not specified
CapillaryDB-1967.Hathcock and Bertsch, 1993100. m/0.25 mm/0.5 μm; Program: not specified
CapillaryOV-1, SE-30, Methyl silicone, SP-2100, OV-101, DB-1, etc.963.Waggott and Davies, 1984Hydrogen; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; Program: not specified
CapillaryOV-1, SE-30, Methyl silicone, SP-2100, OV-101, DB-1, etc.968.Waggott and Davies, 1984Hydrogen; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; Program: not specified

Normal alkane RI, polar column, isothermal

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Column type Active phase Temperature (C) I Reference Comment
CapillaryCarbowax 20M90.1300.Sutter, Peterson, et al., 1997 

Normal alkane RI, polar column, temperature ramp

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Column type Active phase I Reference Comment
CapillaryDB-Wax1325.Umano, Nakahara, et al., 199960. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 40. C @ 2. min, 2. K/min; Tend: 200. C

Normal alkane RI, polar column, custom temperature program

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Column type Active phase I Reference Comment
CapillaryCarbowax 20M1321.Cornwell and Cordano, 2003Program: not specified

Lee's RI, non-polar column, custom temperature program

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Column type Active phase I Reference Comment
CapillaryDB-5151.1Fuentes, Font, et al., 2007Column length: 60. m; Program: not specified
CapillaryDB-5MS155.1Aracil, Font, et al., 2005Column length: 60. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; Program: not specified
CapillaryHP-5MS155.89Cheng, Liu, et al., 200530. m/0.30 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 50 0C (2 min) 8 0C/min -> 120 0C (3 min) 10 0C/min -> 230 0C

References

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Gas Chromatography, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Guthrie, 1978
Guthrie, J.P., Equilibrium constants for a series of simple aldol condensations, and linear free energy relations with other carbonyl addition reactions, Can. J. Chem., 1978, 56, 962-973. [all data]

Krall and Roberts, 1958
Krall, R.E.; Roberts, J.D., Strain variation in the unsaturated cyclobutane ring, Am. Chem. Soc. Div. Pet. Chem., 1958, 3, 63-68. [all data]

Thermodynamics Research Center, 1997
Thermodynamics Research Center, Selected Values of Properties of Chemical Compounds., Thermodynamics Research Center, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, 1997. [all data]

Arnett and Pienta, 1980
Arnett, E.M.; Pienta, N.J., Stabilities of carbonium ions in solution. 12. Heats of formation of alkyl chlorides as an entree to heats of solvation of aliphatic carbonium ions, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1980, 102, 3329-3334. [all data]

Nesterova, Kovzel, et al., 1977
Nesterova, T.N.; Kovzel, E.N.; Karaseva, S.Ya.; Rozhnov, A.M., Heats of reaction of the hydrohalogenation of styrene and α-methylstyrene, Vses. Konf. Kalorim. Rasshir. Tezisy Dokl. 7th, 1977, 1, 132. [all data]

Bartmess and Burnham, 1984
Bartmess, J.E.; Burnham, R., Effect of central substituents on the gas phase acidities of propenes, J. Org. Chem., 1984, 49, 1382. [all data]

Abboud, Jimenez, et al., 1995
Abboud, J.-L.M.; Jimenez, P.; Roux, M.V.; Turrion, C.; Lopez-Mardomingo, C.; Podosenin, A.; Rogers, D.W.; Liebman, J.F., Interrelations of the energetics of amides and alkenes: enthalpies of formation of N,N-dimethyl dertivatives of pivalamide, 1-adamantylcarboxamide and benzamide, and of styrene and its a-, trans-β- and β,β-methylated derivates, J. Phys. Org. Chem., 1995, 8, 15-25. [all data]

Hunter and Lias, 1998
Hunter, E.P.; Lias, S.G., Evaluated Gas Phase Basicities and Proton Affinities of Molecules: An Update, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 1998, 27, 3, 413-656, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.556018 . [all data]

Koppel, Schwarz, et al., 1974
Koppel, C.; Schwarz, H.; Bohlmann, F., Elektronenstossinduzierte fragmentierung von acetylenverbindungen. VIII. Struktur der stabilen und instabilen ionen[C9H9]+ aus isomeren C9H10- kohlenwasserstoffen, Org. Mass Spectrom., 1974, 8, 25. [all data]

Benito, Seidl, et al., 1973
Benito, I.; Seidl, H.; Bock, H., Efectos electronicos y estericos de sustituyentes alquilicos y silicicos sobre el sistema electronico π del estireno, Rev. Fac. Cienc. Univ. Oviedo, 1973, 14, 95. [all data]

Watanabe, Nakayama, et al., 1962
Watanabe, K.; Nakayama, T.; Mottl, J., Ionization potentials of some molecules, J. Quant. Spectry. Radiative Transfer, 1962, 2, 369. [all data]

Chizhov, Timoshenko, et al., 1986
Chizhov, Y.V.; Timoshenko, M.M.; Kleimenov, V.I.; Borisov, Y.A.; Zol'nikova, G.P.; Kravtsov, D.N.; Kritskaya, I.I., Investigation of the mechanism of fragment coordination of aromatic molecules with transition metals by photoelectron spectroscopy - tricarbonyliron complexes, J. Struct. Chem., 1986, 27, 401. [all data]

Kobayashi, Yokota, et al., 1973
Kobayashi, T.; Yokota, K.; Nagakura, S., Photoelectron spectra of styrenes, J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom., 1973, 3, 449. [all data]

Skrbic and Vojinovic-Miloradov, 1994
Skrbic, B.D.; Vojinovic-Miloradov, M.B., A contribution to the qualitative GC analysis of some non-chlorinated xenobiotic chemicals in waste waters, Water Sci. Technol., 1994, 30, 3, 91-93. [all data]

Engewald, Topalova, et al., 1987
Engewald, W.; Topalova, I.; Petsev, N.; Dimitrov, Chr., Structure-Retention Correlations of Hydrocarbons in GLC and GSC. Alkenylbenzenes, Chromatographia, 1987, 23, 8, 561-565, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02324864 . [all data]

Kugucheva and Mashinsky, 1983
Kugucheva, E.E.; Mashinsky, V.I., Retention Indices of Aromatic Hydrocarbons on Capillary Columns with Squalan and Polyphenyl Ether, Zh. Anal. Khim. (Rus), 1983, 38, 11, 2023-2026. [all data]

Tóth, 1983
Tóth, T., Use of capillary gas chromatography in collecting retention and chemical information for the analysis of complex petrochemical mixtures, J. Chromatogr., 1983, 279, 157-165, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(01)93614-3 . [all data]

Bredael, 1982
Bredael, P., Retention indices of hydrocarbons on SE-30, J. Hi. Res. Chromatogr. Chromatogr. Comm., 1982, 5, 6, 325-328, https://doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240050610 . [all data]

Jaworski, 1982
Jaworski, M., Wybrane przyklady stosowania systemu indeksów retencji, Przem. Chem., 1982, 61, 9, 334-338. [all data]

Macák, Nabivach, et al., 1982
Macák, J.; Nabivach, V.; Buryan, P.; Sindler, S., Dependence of retention indices of alkylbenzenes on their molecular structure, J. Chromatogr., 1982, 234, 2, 285-302, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(00)81867-1 . [all data]

Gerasimenko, Kirilenko, et al., 1981
Gerasimenko, V.A.; Kirilenko, A.V.; Nabivach, V.M., Capillary gas chromatography of aromatic compounds found in coal tar fractions, J. Chromatogr., 1981, 208, 1, 9-16, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(00)87953-4 . [all data]

Nabivach, Bur'yan, et al., 1978
Nabivach, V.M.; Bur'yan, P.; Matsak, I., Retention indices of aromatic hydrocarbons on a squalane capillary column, Zh. Anal. Khim., 1978, 33, 7, 1108-1113. [all data]

Svob, Deur-Siftar, et al., 1974
Svob, V.; Deur-Siftar, D.; Cramers, C.A., Mechanisms of the thermal degradation of alkylbenzenes, J. Chromatogr., 1974, 91, 659-675, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(01)97946-4 . [all data]

Svob and Deur-Siftar, 1974
Svob, V.; Deur-Siftar, D., Kovats Retention Indices in the Identification of Alkylbenzene Degradation Products, J. Chromatogr., 1974, 91, 677-689, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(01)97947-6 . [all data]

Boneva and Vassilev, 1996
Boneva, S.; Vassilev, K., Gas chromatographic separation of epoxystyrenes on carbowax 20 M capillary column, Chromatographia, 1996, 43, 3/4, 208-210, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02292953 . [all data]

Ellis and Still, 1979
Ellis, T.S.; Still, R.H., Thermal degradation of polymers. XXI. Vacuum pyrolysis of poly(m-N,N-dimethylaminostyrene); the products volatile at pyrolysis temperature, liquid at room temperature, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 1979, 23, 10, 2837-2854, https://doi.org/10.1002/app.1979.070231002 . [all data]

Ellis and Still, 1979, 2
Ellis, T.S.; Still, R.H., Thermal degradation of polymers. XXIII. Vacuum pyrolysis of poly(p-N,N-dimethylaminostyrene); the products volatile at pyrolysis temperature, liquid or gaseous at room temperature, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 1979, 23, 10, 2871-2880, https://doi.org/10.1002/app.1979.070231004 . [all data]

Döring, Estel, et al., 1974
Döring, C.E.; Estel, D.; Fischer, R., Kapillar-gaschromatographische Charakterisierung von C10-bis C12-Aromaten, J. Prakt. Chem., 1974, 316, 1, 1-12, https://doi.org/10.1002/prac.19743160102 . [all data]

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Still, R.H.; Evans, M.B.; Whitehead, A., Thermal Degradation of Polymers. V. Vacuum Pyrolysis of Poly (p-N,N-dimethylaminostyrene) . The Products Volatile at Pyrolysis Temperature, Liquid or Gaseous at Room Temperature, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 1972, 16, 12, 3207-3221, https://doi.org/10.1002/app.1972.070161213 . [all data]

Elmore, Cooper, et al., 2005
Elmore, J.S.; Cooper, S.L.; Enser, M.; Mottram, D.S.; Sinclair, L.A.; Wilkinson, R.G.; Wood, J.D., Dietary manipulation of fatty acid composition in lamb meat and its effect on the volatile aroma compounds of grilled lamb, Meat Sci., 2005, 69, 2, 233-242, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.meatsci.2004.07.002 . [all data]

Xu, van Stee, et al., 2003
Xu, X.; van Stee, L.L.P.; Williams, J.; Beens, J.; Adahchour, M.; Vreuls, R.J.J.; Brinkman, U.A.Th.; Lelieveld, J., Comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography (GC×GC) measurements of volatile organic compounds in the atmosphere, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 2003, 3, 3, 665-682, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-3-665-2003 . [all data]

Helmig, Klinger, et al., 1999
Helmig, D.; Klinger, L.F.; Guenther, A.; Vierling, L.; Geron, C.; Zimmerman, P., Biogenic volatile organic compound emissions (BVOCs). I. Identifications from three continental sites in the U.S., Chemosphere, 1999, 38, 9, 2163-2187, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0045-6535(98)00425-1 . [all data]

Helmig, Pollock, et al., 1996
Helmig, D.; Pollock, W.; Greenberg, J.; Zimmerman, P., Gas chromatography mass spectrometry analysis of volatile organic trace gases at Mauna Loa Observatory, Hawaii, J. Geophys. Res., 1996, 101, D9, 14697-14710, https://doi.org/10.1029/96JD00212 . [all data]

Fischer and Kusch, 1990
Fischer, W.G.; Kusch, P., Automatic sampler for Curie-point pyrolysis-gas chromatography with on-column introduction of pyrolysates, J. Chromatogr., 1990, 518, 9-19, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(01)93158-9 . [all data]

Shapi and Hesso, 1990
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Notes

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