α-Methylstyrene

• Formula: C₉H₁₀
• Molecular weight: 118.1757
• IUPAC Standard InChI: InChI=1S/C9H10/c1-8(2)9-6-4-3-5-7-9/h3-7H,1H2,2H3 Copy

  
• IUPAC Standard InChIKey: XYLMUPLGERFSHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copy
• CAS Registry Number: 98-83-9
• Chemical structure:
  This structure is also available as a 2d Mol file or as a computed 3d SD file
  The 3d structure may be viewed using Java or Javascript.
• Other names: Benzene, (1-methylethenyl)-; Styrene, α-methyl-; α-Methylstyrol; β-Phenylpropylene; Isopropenylbenzene; 1-Methyl-1-phenylethylene; 1-Phenyl-1-methylethylene; 1-Propene, 2-phenyl-; 2-Phenyl-1-propene; 2-Phenylpropene; (1-Methylethenyl)benzene; AS-Methylphenylethylene; β-phenylpropene; α-Methylstyreen; α-Metil-stirolo; Isopropenil-benzolo; Isopropenyl-benzeen; Isopropenyl-benzol; 2-Phenylpropylene; UN 2303; Benzene, isopropenyl-; 2-Phenyl-2-propene; 1-Methyl-1-phenylethene; NSC 9400; a-methylstyrene
• Permanent link for this species. Use this link for bookmarking this species for future reference.
• Information on this page:
  • Gas phase thermochemistry data
  • Condensed phase thermochemistry data
  • Phase change data
  • Reaction thermochemistry data
  • Gas phase ion energetics data
  • IR Spectrum
  • Mass spectrum (electron ionization)
  • References
  • Notes
• Other data available:
  • UV/Visible spectrum
  • Gas Chromatography
• Data at other public NIST sites:
  • Gas Phase Kinetics Database
• Options:
  • Switch to calorie-based units

Data at NIST subscription sites:

• NIST / TRC Web Thermo Tables, professional edition (thermophysical and thermochemical data)

NIST subscription sites provide data under the NIST Standard Reference Data Program, but require an annual fee to access. The purpose of the fee is to recover costs associated with the development of data collections included in such sites. Your institution may already be a subscriber. Follow the links above to find out more about the data in these sites and their terms of usage.

Gas phase thermochemistry data

Go To: Top, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Gas phase ion energetics data, IR Spectrum, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
ALS - Hussein Y. Afeefy, Joel F. Liebman, and Stephen E. Stein
GT - Glushko Thermocenter, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow

Constant pressure heat capacity of gas

Condensed phase thermochemistry data

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Gas phase ion energetics data, IR Spectrum, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
ALS - Hussein Y. Afeefy, Joel F. Liebman, and Stephen E. Stein
DH - Eugene S. Domalski and Elizabeth D. Hearing

Constant pressure heat capacity of liquid

Phase change data

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Gas phase ion energetics data, IR Spectrum, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
BS - Robert L. Brown and Stephen E. Stein
TRC - Thermodynamics Research Center, NIST Boulder Laboratories, Chris Muzny director
AC - William E. Acree, Jr., James S. Chickos
DH - Eugene S. Domalski and Elizabeth D. Hearing

Enthalpy of vaporization

Antoine Equation Parameters

log₁₀(P) = A − (B / (T + C))
    P = vapor pressure (bar)
    T = temperature (K)

View plot Requires a JavaScript / HTML 5 canvas capable browser.

Enthalpy of fusion

Entropy of fusion

Reaction thermochemistry data

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Gas phase ion energetics data, IR Spectrum, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
ALS - Hussein Y. Afeefy, Joel F. Liebman, and Stephen E. Stein
B - John E. Bartmess

Note: Please consider using the reaction search for this species. This page allows searching of all reactions involving this species. A general reaction search form is also available. Future versions of this site may rely on reaction search pages in place of the enumerated reaction displays seen below.

Individual Reactions

 +  =

By formula: HCl + C₉H₁₀ = C₉H₁₁Cl

C₉H₉^- +  =

By formula: C₉H₉^- + H⁺ = C₉H₁₀

 +  =

By formula: H₂ + C₉H₁₀ = C₉H₁₂

 +  =

By formula: HBr + C₉H₁₀ = C₉H₁₁Br

Gas phase ion energetics data

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, IR Spectrum, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data evaluated as indicated in comments:
HL - Edward P. Hunter and Sharon G. Lias

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
B - John E. Bartmess
LBLHLM - Sharon G. Lias, John E. Bartmess, Joel F. Liebman, John L. Holmes, Rhoda D. Levin, and W. Gary Mallard
LLK - Sharon G. Lias, Rhoda D. Levin, and Sherif A. Kafafi
RDSH - Henry M. Rosenstock, Keith Draxl, Bruce W. Steiner, and John T. Herron

View reactions leading to C₉H₁₀⁺ (ion structure unspecified)

Ionization energy determinations

Appearance energy determinations

De-protonation reactions

C₉H₉^- +  =

By formula: C₉H₉^- + H⁺ = C₉H₁₀

IR Spectrum

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled by: NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, William E. Wallace, director

Gas Phase Spectrum

Notice: This spectrum may be better viewed with a Javascript and HTML 5 enabled browser.

For Zoom

1.) Enter the desired X axis range (e.g., 100, 200)

2.) Check here for automatic Y scaling

3.) Press here to zoom

Notice: Concentration information is not available for this spectrum and, therefore, molar absorptivity values cannot be derived.

Additional Data

Mass spectrum (electron ionization)

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Gas phase ion energetics data, IR Spectrum, References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled by: NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, William E. Wallace, director

Spectrum

Notice: This spectrum may be better viewed with a Javascript and HTML 5 enabled browser.

For Zoom

1.) Enter the desired X axis range (e.g., 100, 200)

2.) Check here for automatic Y scaling

3.) Press here to zoom

Additional Data

References

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Gas phase ion energetics data, IR Spectrum, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Guthrie, 1978
Guthrie, J.P., Equilibrium constants for a series of simple aldol condensations, and linear free energy relations with other carbonyl addition reactions, Can. J. Chem., 1978, 56, 962-973. [all data]

Krall and Roberts, 1958
Krall, R.E.; Roberts, J.D., Strain variation in the unsaturated cyclobutane ring, Am. Chem. Soc. Div. Pet. Chem., 1958, 3, 63-68. [all data]

Thermodynamics Research Center, 1997
Thermodynamics Research Center, Selected Values of Properties of Chemical Compounds., Thermodynamics Research Center, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, 1997. [all data]

Roberts and Jessup, 1951
Roberts, D.E.; Jessup, R.S., Heat of polymerization of alpha-methylstyrene from heats of combustion of monomer and four polymer fractions, J. Res. NBS, 1951, 46, 11-17. [all data]

Lemoult, 1911
Lemoult, M.P., Thermochimie. - Recherches sur les derives du styrolene; rectification de quelques erreurs experimentales, Compt. Rend., 1911, 152, 1402-1404. [all data]

Auwsers, Roth, et al., 1910
Auwsers, K.; Roth, W.A.; Eisenlohr, F., III. Verbrennungswarmen von Terpenen und Styrolen, Justus Liebigs Ann. Chem., 1910, 267-290. [all data]

Lebedev and Rabinovich, 1971
Lebedev, B.V.; Rabinovich, I.B., Heat capacities and thermodynamic functions of a-methylstyrene and poly(a-methylstyrene), Tr. Khim. Khim. Tekhnol., 1971, 1, 12-15. [all data]

Anonymous, 1952
Anonymous, R., , Physical Properties of Chemical Substances, Dow Chemical Co., 1952. [all data]

Anonymous, 1946
Anonymous, R., , Am. Pet. Inst. Res. Proj. 45, Ohio State Univ., 1946. [all data]

Stull, 1945
Stull, D.R., Personal Commun., Dow Chemical Co., 1945. [all data]

Anonymous, 1943
Anonymous, R., , Sunbury Rep. No. 2176, Anglo-Iranian Oil Co., 1943. [all data]

Steele, Chirico, et al., 1997
Steele, W.V.; Chirico, R.D.; Knipmeyer, S.E.; Nguyen, A., Vapor Pressure, Heat Capacity, and Density along the Saturated Line, Measurements for Dimethyl Isophthalate, Dimethyl Carbonate, 1,3,5-Trimethyl benzene, Pentafluorophenol, 4-tert-Butylcatechol, .alp, J. Chem. Eng. Data, 1997, 42, 1008-20. [all data]

Verevkin, 1999
Verevkin, Sergey P., Thermochemical investigation on α-methyl-styrene and parent phenyl substituted alkenes, Thermochimica Acta, 1999, 326, 1-2, 17-25, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0040-6031(98)00585-1 . [all data]

Steele, Chirico, et al., 1997, 2
Steele, W.V.; Chirico, R.D.; Knipmeyer, S.E.; Nguyen, A., Vapor Pressure, Heat Capacity, and Density along the Saturation Line, Measurements for Dimethyl Isophthalate, Dimethyl Carbonate, 1,3,5-Triethylbenzene, Pentafluorophenol, 4- tert -Butylcatechol, α-Methylstyrene, and N , N '-Bis(2-hydroxyethyl)ethylenediamine, J. Chem. Eng. Data, 1997, 42, 6, 1008-1020, https://doi.org/10.1021/je970102d . [all data]

Stephenson and Malanowski, 1987
Stephenson, Richard M.; Malanowski, Stanislaw, Handbook of the Thermodynamics of Organic Compounds, 1987, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3173-2 . [all data]

Stull, 1947
Stull, Daniel R., Vapor Pressure of Pure Substances. Organic and Inorganic Compounds, Ind. Eng. Chem., 1947, 39, 4, 517-540, https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50448a022 . [all data]

Domalski and Hearing, 1996
Domalski, Eugene S.; Hearing, Elizabeth D., Heat Capacities and Entropies of Organic Compounds in the Condensed Phase. Volume III, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 1996, 25, 1, 1, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.555985 . [all data]

Arnett and Pienta, 1980
Arnett, E.M.; Pienta, N.J., Stabilities of carbonium ions in solution. 12. Heats of formation of alkyl chlorides as an entree to heats of solvation of aliphatic carbonium ions, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1980, 102, 3329-3334. [all data]

Nesterova, Kovzel, et al., 1977
Nesterova, T.N.; Kovzel, E.N.; Karaseva, S.Ya.; Rozhnov, A.M., Heats of reaction of the hydrohalogenation of styrene and α-methylstyrene, Vses. Konf. Kalorim. Rasshir. Tezisy Dokl. 7th, 1977, 1, 132. [all data]

Bartmess and Burnham, 1984
Bartmess, J.E.; Burnham, R., Effect of central substituents on the gas phase acidities of propenes, J. Org. Chem., 1984, 49, 1382. [all data]

Abboud, Jimenez, et al., 1995
Abboud, J.-L.M.; Jimenez, P.; Roux, M.V.; Turrion, C.; Lopez-Mardomingo, C.; Podosenin, A.; Rogers, D.W.; Liebman, J.F., Interrelations of the energetics of amides and alkenes: enthalpies of formation of N,N-dimethyl dertivatives of pivalamide, 1-adamantylcarboxamide and benzamide, and of styrene and its a-, trans-β- and β,β-methylated derivates, J. Phys. Org. Chem., 1995, 8, 15-25. [all data]

Hunter and Lias, 1998
Hunter, E.P.; Lias, S.G., Evaluated Gas Phase Basicities and Proton Affinities of Molecules: An Update, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 1998, 27, 3, 413-656, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.556018 . [all data]

Koppel, Schwarz, et al., 1974
Koppel, C.; Schwarz, H.; Bohlmann, F., Elektronenstossinduzierte fragmentierung von acetylenverbindungen. VIII. Struktur der stabilen und instabilen ionen[C₉H₉]⁺ aus isomeren C₉H₁₀- kohlenwasserstoffen, Org. Mass Spectrom., 1974, 8, 25. [all data]

Benito, Seidl, et al., 1973
Benito, I.; Seidl, H.; Bock, H., Efectos electronicos y estericos de sustituyentes alquilicos y silicicos sobre el sistema electronico π del estireno, Rev. Fac. Cienc. Univ. Oviedo, 1973, 14, 95. [all data]

Watanabe, Nakayama, et al., 1962
Watanabe, K.; Nakayama, T.; Mottl, J., Ionization potentials of some molecules, J. Quant. Spectry. Radiative Transfer, 1962, 2, 369. [all data]

Chizhov, Timoshenko, et al., 1986
Chizhov, Y.V.; Timoshenko, M.M.; Kleimenov, V.I.; Borisov, Y.A.; Zol'nikova, G.P.; Kravtsov, D.N.; Kritskaya, I.I., Investigation of the mechanism of fragment coordination of aromatic molecules with transition metals by photoelectron spectroscopy - tricarbonyliron complexes, J. Struct. Chem., 1986, 27, 401. [all data]

Kobayashi, Yokota, et al., 1973
Kobayashi, T.; Yokota, K.; Nagakura, S., Photoelectron spectra of styrenes, J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom., 1973, 3, 449. [all data]

Notes

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Gas phase ion energetics data, IR Spectrum, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), References

• Symbols used in this document:
  

  AE	Appearance energy
  Cp,gas	Constant pressure heat capacity of gas
  Cp,liquid	Constant pressure heat capacity of liquid
  Pc	Critical pressure
  S°liquid	Entropy of liquid at standard conditions
  Tboil	Boiling point
  Tc	Critical temperature
  Tfus	Fusion (melting) point
  ΔcH°gas	Enthalpy of combustion of gas at standard conditions
  ΔcH°liquid	Enthalpy of combustion of liquid at standard conditions
  ΔfH°gas	Enthalpy of formation of gas at standard conditions
  ΔfusH	Enthalpy of fusion
  ΔfusS	Entropy of fusion
  ΔrG°	Free energy of reaction at standard conditions
  ΔrH°	Enthalpy of reaction at standard conditions
  ΔvapH	Enthalpy of vaporization
  ΔvapH°	Enthalpy of vaporization at standard conditions
  ρc	Critical density

• Data from NIST Standard Reference Database 69: NIST Chemistry WebBook
• The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) uses its best efforts to deliver a high quality copy of the Database and to verify that the data contained therein have been selected on the basis of sound scientific judgment. However, NIST makes no warranties to that effect, and NIST shall not be liable for any damage that may result from errors or omissions in the Database.
• Customer support for NIST Standard Reference Data products.