Benzidine

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Condensed phase thermochemistry data

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled by: Hussein Y. Afeefy, Joel F. Liebman, and Stephen E. Stein

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δfsolid107.kJ/molCcbLemoult, 1906Author value for hf298-condensed=18.5 kcal/mol
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δcsolid-6508. ± 1.kJ/molCcbPongratz, Bohmert-Sub, et al., 1944 
Δcsolid-6544.2kJ/molCcbLemoult, 1906Author value for hf298-condensed=18.5 kcal/mol

Phase change data

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
BS - Robert L. Brown and Stephen E. Stein
TRC - Thermodynamics Research Center, NIST Boulder Laboratories, Chris Muzny director
AC - William E. Acree, Jr., James S. Chickos

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Tfus400.KN/ARai and George, 1992Crystal phase 1 phase; Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 1. K; TRC
Tfus273.15KN/ABastic and Pushin, 1947Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 2. K; TRC

Reduced pressure boiling point

Tboil (K) Pressure (bar) Reference Comment
673.20.987Weast and Grasselli, 1989BS

Enthalpy of fusion

ΔfusH (kJ/mol) Temperature (K) Reference Comment
19.1400.2Rai and George, 1992, 2AC

In addition to the Thermodynamics Research Center (TRC) data available from this site, much more physical and chemical property data is available from the following TRC products:


Reaction thermochemistry data

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled by: Hussein Y. Afeefy, Joel F. Liebman, and Stephen E. Stein

Note: Please consider using the reaction search for this species. This page allows searching of all reactions involving this species. A general reaction search form is also available. Future versions of this site may rely on reaction search pages in place of the enumerated reaction displays seen below.

Individual Reactions

Hydrazine, 1,2-diphenyl- = Benzidine

By formula: C12H12N2 = C12H12N2

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr-102.8 ± 1.0kJ/molCmPongratz, Bohmert-Sub, et al., 1944solid phase; Reanalyzed by Cox and Pilcher, 1970, Original value = -106.4 ± 0.2 kJ/mol; Heat of transposition

Phthalic anhydride + Benzidine = Benzoic acid, 2-[[(4'-amino[1,1'-biphenyl]-4-yl)amino]carbonyl]-

By formula: C8H4O3 + C12H12N2 = C20H16N2O3

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr-67.4 ± 0.4kJ/molEqkKaryakin, Rabinovich, et al., 1978liquid phase; solvent: DMF

Gas phase ion energetics data

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled by: Sharon G. Lias, Rhoda D. Levin, and Sherif A. Kafafi

Ionization energy determinations

IE (eV) Method Reference
6.88PIPykhtina, Cherednichenko, et al., 1974

IR Spectrum

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Data compiled by: Coblentz Society, Inc.

Data compiled by: NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, William E. Wallace, director


Mass spectrum (electron ionization)

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled by: NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, William E. Wallace, director

Spectrum

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Mass spectrum
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Additional Data

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Owner NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center
Collection (C) 2014 copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce
on behalf of the United States of America. All rights reserved.
Origin Chemical Concepts
NIST MS number 187325

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UV/Visible spectrum

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled by: Victor Talrose, Eugeny B. Stern, Antonina A. Goncharova, Natalia A. Messineva, Natalia V. Trusova, Margarita V. Efimkina

Spectrum

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UVVis spectrum
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Additional Data

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Source Carlin, Nelb, et al., 1951
Owner INEP CP RAS, NIST OSRD
Collection (C) 2007 copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce
on behalf of the United States of America. All rights reserved.
Origin INSTITUTE OF ENERGY PROBLEMS OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS, RAS
Source reference RAS UV No. 638
Instrument n.i.g.
Melting point 120
Boiling point 401

Gas Chromatography

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled by: NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, William E. Wallace, director

Normal alkane RI, non-polar column, temperature ramp

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Column type Active phase I Reference Comment
CapillarySE-542111.Harland, Cumming, et al., 1986He, 50. C @ 2. min, 8. K/min, 250. C @ 12. min; Column length: 25. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm
PackedSE-302070.Marozzi, Gambaro, et al., 1982Gas Chrom P, 2.5 K/min; Column length: 2. m; Tstart: 120. C; Tend: 200. C

Normal alkane RI, non-polar column, custom temperature program

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Column type Active phase I Reference Comment
CapillaryOV-12042.Waggott and Davies, 1984Hydrogen; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; Program: not specified

References

Go To: Top, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Gas phase ion energetics data, IR Spectrum, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), UV/Visible spectrum, Gas Chromatography, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Lemoult, 1906
Lemoult, M.P., Thermochimie. - Chaleur de combustion et de formation de quelques composes cycliques azotes, Compt. Rend., 1906, 143, 772-775. [all data]

Pongratz, Bohmert-Sub, et al., 1944
Pongratz, A.; Bohmert-Sub, S.; Scholtis, K., Zur thermochemie der benzidin-umlagerung, Ber., 1944, 77, 651-735. [all data]

Rai and George, 1992
Rai, U.S.; George, S., A physicochemical study on organic eutectics and addition compound; benzidine-pyrogallol system, Can. J. Chem., 1992, 70, 2869-74. [all data]

Bastic and Pushin, 1947
Bastic, B.L.; Pushin, N.A., Melting diagrams of mixtures of formic acid, Glas. Hem. Drus. Beograd, 1947, 128, 109. [all data]

Weast and Grasselli, 1989
CRC Handbook of Data on Organic Compounds, 2nd Editon, Weast,R.C and Grasselli, J.G., ed(s)., CRC Press, Inc., Boca Raton, FL, 1989, 1. [all data]

Rai and George, 1992, 2
Rai, U.S.; George, Santhi, A physicochemical study on organic eutectics and addition compound; benzidine--pyrogallol system, Can. J. Chem., 1992, 70, 12, 2869-2874, https://doi.org/10.1139/v92-366 . [all data]

Cox and Pilcher, 1970
Cox, J.D.; Pilcher, G., Thermochemistry of Organic and Organometallic Compounds, Academic Press, New York, 1970, 1-636. [all data]

Karyakin, Rabinovich, et al., 1978
Karyakin, N.V.; Rabinovich, I.B.; Pal'tseva, N.G., Thermodynamics of the reactions of aromatic diamines with dianhydrides of tetracarboxylic acids, Polym. Sci. USSR, 1978, 20, 2274-2279. [all data]

Pykhtina, Cherednichenko, et al., 1974
Pykhtina, E.V.; Cherednichenko, L.V.; Kardash, I.E.; Evlasheva, T.I.; Sorokin, V.V.; Potapov, V.K.; Pravednikov, A.N., Ionization potentials of amines and energies of charge transfer bands in the absorption spectra of complexes of 7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethan, High Energy Chem., 1974, 8, 257, In original 307. [all data]

Carlin, Nelb, et al., 1951
Carlin, R.B.; Nelb, R.G.; Odioso, R.C., The benzidine rearrangement. III. Kinetics of the rearrangements of hydrazobenzene, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1951, 73, 1002-1007. [all data]

Harland, Cumming, et al., 1986
Harland, B.J.; Cumming, R.I.; Gillings, E., The Kovats indexes of some organic micropollutants on an SE54 capillary column, EUR, I Org. Micropollut. Aquat. Environ., 1986, EUR 10388, 123-127. [all data]

Marozzi, Gambaro, et al., 1982
Marozzi, E.; Gambaro, V.; Saligari, E.; Mariani, R.; Lodi, F., Use of the retention index in gas chromatographic studies of drugs, J. Anal. Toxicol., 1982, 6, 4, 185-192, https://doi.org/10.1093/jat/6.4.185 . [all data]

Waggott and Davies, 1984
Waggott, A.; Davies, I.W., Identification of organic pollutants using linear temperature programmed retention indices (LTPRIs) - Part II, 1984, retrieved from http://dwi.defra.gov.uk/research/completed-research/reports/dwi0383.pdf. [all data]


Notes

Go To: Top, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Gas phase ion energetics data, IR Spectrum, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), UV/Visible spectrum, Gas Chromatography, References