Phenazine

• Formula: C₁₂H₈N₂
• Molecular weight: 180.2053
• IUPAC Standard InChI: InChI=1S/C12H8N2/c1-2-6-10-9(5-1)13-11-7-3-4-8-12(11)14-10/h1-8H Copy

  
• IUPAC Standard InChIKey: PCNDJXKNXGMECE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copy
• CAS Registry Number: 92-82-0
• Chemical structure:
  This structure is also available as a 2d Mol file or as a computed 3d SD file
  The 3d structure may be viewed using Java or Javascript.
• Other names: Azophenylene; Dibenzo-p-diazine; Dibenzopyrazine; 9,10-Diazaanthracene; Dibenzoparadiazine
• Permanent link for this species. Use this link for bookmarking this species for future reference.
• Information on this page:
  • Gas phase thermochemistry data
  • Phase change data
  • Gas phase ion energetics data
  • IR Spectrum
  • Gas Chromatography
  • References
  • Notes
• Other data available:
  • Condensed phase thermochemistry data
  • Mass spectrum (electron ionization)
  • UV/Visible spectrum
• Data at other public NIST sites:
  • X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy Database, version 5.0
• Options:
  • Switch to SI units

Data at NIST subscription sites:

• NIST / TRC Web Thermo Tables, professional edition (thermophysical and thermochemical data)

NIST subscription sites provide data under the NIST Standard Reference Data Program, but require an annual fee to access. The purpose of the fee is to recover costs associated with the development of data collections included in such sites. Your institution may already be a subscriber. Follow the links above to find out more about the data in these sites and their terms of usage.

Gas phase thermochemistry data

Go To: Top, Phase change data, Gas phase ion energetics data, IR Spectrum, Gas Chromatography, References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled by: Hussein Y. Afeefy, Joel F. Liebman, and Stephen E. Stein

Phase change data

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Gas phase ion energetics data, IR Spectrum, Gas Chromatography, References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
TRC - Thermodynamics Research Center, NIST Boulder Laboratories, Chris Muzny director
AC - William E. Acree, Jr., James S. Chickos
ALS - Hussein Y. Afeefy, Joel F. Liebman, and Stephen E. Stein
DRB - Donald R. Burgess, Jr.
DH - Eugene S. Domalski and Elizabeth D. Hearing

Enthalpy of vaporization

Enthalpy of sublimation

Enthalpy of fusion

Gas phase ion energetics data

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, IR Spectrum, Gas Chromatography, References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data evaluated as indicated in comments:
HL - Edward P. Hunter and Sharon G. Lias

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
LLK - Sharon G. Lias, Rhoda D. Levin, and Sherif A. Kafafi
B - John E. Bartmess

Electron affinity determinations

Ionization energy determinations

IR Spectrum

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Gas Chromatography, References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled by: NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, William E. Wallace, director

Gas Phase Spectrum

Notice: This spectrum may be better viewed with a Javascript and HTML 5 enabled browser.

For Zoom

1.) Enter the desired X axis range (e.g., 100, 200)

2.) Check here for automatic Y scaling

3.) Press here to zoom

Notice: Concentration information is not available for this spectrum and, therefore, molar absorptivity values cannot be derived.

Additional Data

Gas Chromatography

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Gas phase ion energetics data, IR Spectrum, References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled by: NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, William E. Wallace, director

Kovats' RI, non-polar column, custom temperature program

View large format table.

Normal alkane RI, non-polar column, temperature ramp

View large format table.

Normal alkane RI, non-polar column, custom temperature program

View large format table.

Normal alkane RI, polar column, custom temperature program

View large format table.

Lee's RI, non-polar column, temperature ramp

View large format table.

References

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Gas phase ion energetics data, IR Spectrum, Gas Chromatography, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Sabbah and El Watik, 1991
Sabbah, R.; El Watik, L., Etude thermodynamique de la molecule de phenazine, Thermochim. Acta, 1991, 176, 163-171. [all data]

Leitao, Pilcher, et al., 1990
Leitao, M.L.; Pilcher, G.; Acree, W.E., Jr.; Zvaigzne, A.I.; Tucker, S.A.; Ribeiro Da Silva, M.D.M.C., Enthalpies of combustion of phenazine N-oxide, phenazine, benzofuroxan, and benzofurazan: the dissociation entrhalpies of the (N-O) bonds, J. Chem. Thermodyn., 1990, 22, 923-928. [all data]

Arshadi, 1980
Arshadi, M.R., Enthalpies of combustion and formation of phenazine and 2,1,3-benzoxadiazole, J. Chem. Thermodyn., 1980, 12, 903-906. [all data]

McEachern, Sandoval, et al., 1975
McEachern, D.M.; Sandoval, O.; Iniguez, J.C., Vapor pressures, derived enthalpies of sublimation, enthalpies of fusion, and resonance energies of acridine and phenazine, J. Chem. Thermodyn., 1975, 7, 299. [all data]

Sangster and Irvine, 1956
Sangster, R.C.; Irvine, J.W., Study of Organic Scintillators, J. Chem. Phys., 1956, 24, 670. [all data]

Chirico, Kazakov, et al., 2010
Chirico, Robert D.; Kazakov, Andrei F.; Steele, William V., Thermodynamic properties of three-ring aza-aromatics. 1. Experimental results for phenazine and acridine, and mutual validation of experiments and computational methods, The Journal of Chemical Thermodynamics, 2010, 42, 5, 571-580, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jct.2009.11.010 . [all data]

Sabbah and El Watik, 1992
Sabbah, R.; El Watik, L., Thermodynamic study of anthrone, counmarin and phenazine, J. Therm. Anal., 1992, 38, 803-809. [all data]

Stephenson and Malanowski, 1987
Stephenson, Richard M.; Malanowski, Stanislaw, Handbook of the Thermodynamics of Organic Compounds, 1987, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3173-2 . [all data]

McEachern, Sandoval, et al., 1975, 2
McEachern, D.M.; Sandoval, O.; Iniguez, J.C., Vapor pressures, derived enthalpies of sublimation, enthalpies of fusion, and resonance energies of acridine and phenazine, J. Chem. Thermodyn., 1975, 7, 299-306. [all data]

Hunter and Lias, 1998
Hunter, E.P.; Lias, S.G., Evaluated Gas Phase Basicities and Proton Affinities of Molecules: An Update, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 1998, 27, 3, 413-656, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.556018 . [all data]

Dillow and Kebarle, 1989
Dillow, G.W.; Kebarle, P., Electron Affinities of aza-substituted polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, Can. J. Chem., 1989, 67, 10, 1628, https://doi.org/10.1139/v89-249 . [all data]

Kebarle and Chowdhury, 1987
Kebarle, P.; Chowdhury, S., Electron affinities and electron transfer reactions, Chem. Rev., 1987, 87, 513. [all data]

Hush, Cheung, et al., 1975
Hush, N.S.; Cheung, A.S.; Hilton, P.R., Binding energies of π- and "lone pair"-levels in mono- and diaza-phenanthrenes and anthracenes: an He(I) photoelectron spectroscopic study, J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom., 1975, 7, 385. [all data]

Maier, Muller, et al., 1975
Maier, J.P.; Muller, J.-F.; Kubota, T.; Yamakawa, M., 183. Ionisation energies and the electronic structures of the N-oxides of azanaphthalenes and azaanthracenes, Helv. Chim. Acta, 1975, 58, 1641. [all data]

Ramsey, Lee, et al., 1980
Ramsey, J.D.; Lee, T.D.; Osselton, M.D.; Moffat, A.C., Gas-liquid chromatographic retention indices of 296 non-drug substances on SE-30 or OV-1 likely to be encountered in toxicological analyses, J. Chromatogr., 1980, 184, 2, 185-206, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(00)85641-1 . [all data]

Okumura, 1991
Okumura, T., retention indices of environmental chemicals on methyl silicone capillary column, Journal of Environmental Chemistry (Japan), 1991, 1, 2, 333-358, https://doi.org/10.5985/jec.1.333 . [all data]

Tameo and Kiyos, 1991
Tameo, O.; Kiyos, I., Simultaneous determination of pesticides by capillary gas chromatography, Cannot be traslated (in Japan), 1991, 14, 2, 109-122. [all data]

Waggott and Davies, 1984
Waggott, A.; Davies, I.W., Identification of organic pollutants using linear temperature programmed retention indices (LTPRIs) - Part II, 1984, retrieved from http://dwi.defra.gov.uk/research/completed-research/reports/dwi0383.pdf. [all data]

Ardrey and Moffat, 1981
Ardrey, R.E.; Moffat, A.C., Gas-liquid chromatographic retention indices of 1318 substances of toxicological interest on SE-30 or OV-1 stationary phase, J. Chromatogr., 1981, 220, 3, 195-252, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(00)81925-1 . [all data]

Vassilaros, Kong, et al., 1982
Vassilaros, D.L.; Kong, R.C.; Later, D.W.; Lee, M.L., Linear retention index system for polycyclic aromatic compounds. Critical evaluation and additional indices, J. Chromatogr., 1982, 252, 1-20, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(01)88394-1 . [all data]

Notes

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Gas phase ion energetics data, IR Spectrum, Gas Chromatography, References

• Symbols used in this document:
  

  EA	Electron affinity
  Tfus	Fusion (melting) point
  ΔfH°gas	Enthalpy of formation of gas at standard conditions
  ΔfusH	Enthalpy of fusion
  ΔsubH	Enthalpy of sublimation
  ΔsubH°	Enthalpy of sublimation at standard conditions
  ΔvapH	Enthalpy of vaporization

• Data from NIST Standard Reference Database 69: NIST Chemistry WebBook
• The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) uses its best efforts to deliver a high quality copy of the Database and to verify that the data contained therein have been selected on the basis of sound scientific judgment. However, NIST makes no warranties to that effect, and NIST shall not be liable for any damage that may result from errors or omissions in the Database.
• Customer support for NIST Standard Reference Data products.