Phenazine

• Formula: C₁₂H₈N₂
• Molecular weight: 180.2053
• IUPAC Standard InChI: InChI=1S/C12H8N2/c1-2-6-10-9(5-1)13-11-7-3-4-8-12(11)14-10/h1-8H Copy

  
• IUPAC Standard InChIKey: PCNDJXKNXGMECE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copy
• CAS Registry Number: 92-82-0
• Chemical structure:
  This structure is also available as a 2d Mol file or as a computed 3d SD file
  The 3d structure may be viewed using Java or Javascript.
• Other names: Azophenylene; Dibenzo-p-diazine; Dibenzopyrazine; 9,10-Diazaanthracene; Dibenzoparadiazine
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• Information on this page:
  • Gas phase thermochemistry data
  • Condensed phase thermochemistry data
  • Phase change data
  • Gas phase ion energetics data
  • Mass spectrum (electron ionization)
  • Gas Chromatography
  • References
  • Notes
• Other data available:
  • IR Spectrum
  • UV/Visible spectrum
• Data at other public NIST sites:
  • X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy Database, version 5.0
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Gas phase thermochemistry data

Go To: Top, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), Gas Chromatography, References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled by: Hussein Y. Afeefy, Joel F. Liebman, and Stephen E. Stein

Condensed phase thermochemistry data

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
ALS - Hussein Y. Afeefy, Joel F. Liebman, and Stephen E. Stein
DH - Eugene S. Domalski and Elizabeth D. Hearing

Constant pressure heat capacity of solid

Phase change data

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
TRC - Thermodynamics Research Center, NIST Boulder Laboratories, Chris Muzny director
AC - William E. Acree, Jr., James S. Chickos
ALS - Hussein Y. Afeefy, Joel F. Liebman, and Stephen E. Stein
DRB - Donald R. Burgess, Jr.
DH - Eugene S. Domalski and Elizabeth D. Hearing

Enthalpy of vaporization

Enthalpy of sublimation

Enthalpy of fusion

Gas phase ion energetics data

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data evaluated as indicated in comments:
HL - Edward P. Hunter and Sharon G. Lias

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
LLK - Sharon G. Lias, Rhoda D. Levin, and Sherif A. Kafafi
B - John E. Bartmess

Electron affinity determinations

Ionization energy determinations

Mass spectrum (electron ionization)

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled by: NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, William E. Wallace, director

Spectrum

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Additional Data

Gas Chromatography

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled by: NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, William E. Wallace, director

Kovats' RI, non-polar column, custom temperature program

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Normal alkane RI, non-polar column, temperature ramp

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Normal alkane RI, non-polar column, custom temperature program

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Normal alkane RI, polar column, custom temperature program

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Lee's RI, non-polar column, temperature ramp

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References

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), Gas Chromatography, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Sabbah and El Watik, 1991
Sabbah, R.; El Watik, L., Etude thermodynamique de la molecule de phenazine, Thermochim. Acta, 1991, 176, 163-171. [all data]

Leitao, Pilcher, et al., 1990
Leitao, M.L.; Pilcher, G.; Acree, W.E., Jr.; Zvaigzne, A.I.; Tucker, S.A.; Ribeiro Da Silva, M.D.M.C., Enthalpies of combustion of phenazine N-oxide, phenazine, benzofuroxan, and benzofurazan: the dissociation entrhalpies of the (N-O) bonds, J. Chem. Thermodyn., 1990, 22, 923-928. [all data]

Arshadi, 1980
Arshadi, M.R., Enthalpies of combustion and formation of phenazine and 2,1,3-benzoxadiazole, J. Chem. Thermodyn., 1980, 12, 903-906. [all data]

Willis, 1947
Willis, J.B., The heats of combustion of some organic bases and their salts. The resonance energies of acridine and phenazine, Trans. Faraday Soc., 1947, 43, 97-102. [all data]

Cox and Pilcher, 1970
Cox, J.D.; Pilcher, G., Thermochemistry of Organic and Organometallic Compounds, Academic Press, New York, 1970, 1-636. [all data]

McEachern, Sandoval, et al., 1975
McEachern, D.M.; Sandoval, O.; Iniguez, J.C., Vapor pressures, derived enthalpies of sublimation, enthalpies of fusion, and resonance energies of acridine and phenazine, J. Chem. Thermodyn., 1975, 7, 299. [all data]

Sangster and Irvine, 1956
Sangster, R.C.; Irvine, J.W., Study of Organic Scintillators, J. Chem. Phys., 1956, 24, 670. [all data]

Chirico, Kazakov, et al., 2010
Chirico, Robert D.; Kazakov, Andrei F.; Steele, William V., Thermodynamic properties of three-ring aza-aromatics. 1. Experimental results for phenazine and acridine, and mutual validation of experiments and computational methods, The Journal of Chemical Thermodynamics, 2010, 42, 5, 571-580, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jct.2009.11.010 . [all data]

Sabbah and El Watik, 1992
Sabbah, R.; El Watik, L., Thermodynamic study of anthrone, counmarin and phenazine, J. Therm. Anal., 1992, 38, 803-809. [all data]

Stephenson and Malanowski, 1987
Stephenson, Richard M.; Malanowski, Stanislaw, Handbook of the Thermodynamics of Organic Compounds, 1987, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3173-2 . [all data]

McEachern, Sandoval, et al., 1975, 2
McEachern, D.M.; Sandoval, O.; Iniguez, J.C., Vapor pressures, derived enthalpies of sublimation, enthalpies of fusion, and resonance energies of acridine and phenazine, J. Chem. Thermodyn., 1975, 7, 299-306. [all data]

Hunter and Lias, 1998
Hunter, E.P.; Lias, S.G., Evaluated Gas Phase Basicities and Proton Affinities of Molecules: An Update, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 1998, 27, 3, 413-656, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.556018 . [all data]

Dillow and Kebarle, 1989
Dillow, G.W.; Kebarle, P., Electron Affinities of aza-substituted polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, Can. J. Chem., 1989, 67, 10, 1628, https://doi.org/10.1139/v89-249 . [all data]

Kebarle and Chowdhury, 1987
Kebarle, P.; Chowdhury, S., Electron affinities and electron transfer reactions, Chem. Rev., 1987, 87, 513. [all data]

Hush, Cheung, et al., 1975
Hush, N.S.; Cheung, A.S.; Hilton, P.R., Binding energies of π- and "lone pair"-levels in mono- and diaza-phenanthrenes and anthracenes: an He(I) photoelectron spectroscopic study, J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom., 1975, 7, 385. [all data]

Maier, Muller, et al., 1975
Maier, J.P.; Muller, J.-F.; Kubota, T.; Yamakawa, M., 183. Ionisation energies and the electronic structures of the N-oxides of azanaphthalenes and azaanthracenes, Helv. Chim. Acta, 1975, 58, 1641. [all data]

Ramsey, Lee, et al., 1980
Ramsey, J.D.; Lee, T.D.; Osselton, M.D.; Moffat, A.C., Gas-liquid chromatographic retention indices of 296 non-drug substances on SE-30 or OV-1 likely to be encountered in toxicological analyses, J. Chromatogr., 1980, 184, 2, 185-206, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(00)85641-1 . [all data]

Okumura, 1991
Okumura, T., retention indices of environmental chemicals on methyl silicone capillary column, Journal of Environmental Chemistry (Japan), 1991, 1, 2, 333-358, https://doi.org/10.5985/jec.1.333 . [all data]

Tameo and Kiyos, 1991
Tameo, O.; Kiyos, I., Simultaneous determination of pesticides by capillary gas chromatography, Cannot be traslated (in Japan), 1991, 14, 2, 109-122. [all data]

Waggott and Davies, 1984
Waggott, A.; Davies, I.W., Identification of organic pollutants using linear temperature programmed retention indices (LTPRIs) - Part II, 1984, retrieved from http://dwi.defra.gov.uk/research/completed-research/reports/dwi0383.pdf. [all data]

Ardrey and Moffat, 1981
Ardrey, R.E.; Moffat, A.C., Gas-liquid chromatographic retention indices of 1318 substances of toxicological interest on SE-30 or OV-1 stationary phase, J. Chromatogr., 1981, 220, 3, 195-252, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(00)81925-1 . [all data]

Vassilaros, Kong, et al., 1982
Vassilaros, D.L.; Kong, R.C.; Later, D.W.; Lee, M.L., Linear retention index system for polycyclic aromatic compounds. Critical evaluation and additional indices, J. Chromatogr., 1982, 252, 1-20, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(01)88394-1 . [all data]

Notes

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), Gas Chromatography, References

• Symbols used in this document:
  

  Cp,solid	Constant pressure heat capacity of solid
  EA	Electron affinity
  Tfus	Fusion (melting) point
  ΔcH°solid	Enthalpy of combustion of solid at standard conditions
  ΔfH°gas	Enthalpy of formation of gas at standard conditions
  ΔfH°solid	Enthalpy of formation of solid at standard conditions
  ΔfusH	Enthalpy of fusion
  ΔsubH	Enthalpy of sublimation
  ΔsubH°	Enthalpy of sublimation at standard conditions
  ΔvapH	Enthalpy of vaporization

• Data from NIST Standard Reference Database 69: NIST Chemistry WebBook
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