Butane, 2-chloro-
- Formula: C4H9Cl
- Molecular weight: 92.567
- IUPAC Standard InChI: InChI=1S/C4H9Cl/c1-3-4(2)5/h4H,3H2,1-2H3
- IUPAC Standard InChIKey: BSPCSKHALVHRSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N
- CAS Registry Number: 78-86-4
- Chemical structure:
This structure is also available as a 2d Mol file or as a computed 3d SD file
The 3d structure may be viewed using Java or Javascript. - Species with the same structure:
- Stereoisomers:
- Other names: sec-Butyl Chloride; 1-Methylpropyl chloride; 2-Chlorobutane; sec-C4H9Cl; UN 1127
- Information on this page:
- Other data available:
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Condensed phase thermochemistry data
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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Data compiled as indicated in comments:
ALS - Hussein Y. Afeefy, Joel F. Liebman, and Stephen E. Stein
DH - Eugene S. Domalski and Elizabeth D. Hearing
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ΔfH°liquid | -198.43 ± 0.99 | kJ/mol | Ccr | He, An, et al., 1992 | ALS |
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
| ΔcH°liquid | -2685.47 ± 0.95 | kJ/mol | Ccr | He, An, et al., 1992 | ALS |
Constant pressure heat capacity of liquid
| Cp,liquid (J/mol*K) | Temperature (K) | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|
| 160.9 | 298.15 | Shehatta, 1993 | DH |
| 174.0 | 298.15 | He, An, et al., 1992 | DH |
Reaction thermochemistry data
Go To: Top, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Gas phase ion energetics data, References, Notes
Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Data compiled by: Hussein Y. Afeefy, Joel F. Liebman, and Stephen E. Stein
Note: Please consider using the reaction search for this species. This page allows searching of all reactions involving this species. A general reaction search form is also available. Future versions of this site may rely on reaction search pages in place of the enumerated reaction displays seen below.
Individual Reactions
=
+
By formula: C4H9Cl = C4H8 + HCl
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ΔrH° | 67.15 | kJ/mol | Eqk | Levanova and Andreevskii, 1964 | gas phase; At 420 K |
=
+
By formula: C4H9Cl = C4H8 + HCl
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ΔrH° | 75.31 | kJ/mol | Eqk | Levanova and Andreevskii, 1964 | gas phase; At 420 K |
=
+
By formula: C4H9Cl = C4H8 + HCl
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ΔrH° | 63.81 | kJ/mol | Eqk | Levanova and Andreevskii, 1964 | gas phase; At 420 K |
Gas phase ion energetics data
Go To: Top, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Reaction thermochemistry data, References, Notes
Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Data evaluated as indicated in comments:
L - Sharon G. Lias
Data compiled as indicated in comments:
LL - Sharon G. Lias and Joel F. Liebman
LLK - Sharon G. Lias, Rhoda D. Levin, and Sherif A. Kafafi
RDSH - Henry M. Rosenstock, Keith Draxl, Bruce W. Steiner, and John T. Herron
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| IE (evaluated) | 10.57 ± 0.06 | eV | N/A | N/A | L |
Ionization energy determinations
| IE (eV) | Method | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|
| 10.59 | EST | Luo and Pacey, 1992 | LL |
| 10.53 | PI | Traeger, 1981 | LLK |
| 10.5 ± 0.1 | EI | Baldwin, Maccoll, et al., 1964 | RDSH |
| 10.65 ± 0.03 | PI | Watanabe, Nakayama, et al., 1962 | RDSH |
| 10.72 | PE | Kimura, Katsumata, et al., 1981 | Vertical value; LLK |
Appearance energy determinations
| Ion | AE (eV) | Other Products | Method | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| C4H8+ | 10.41 ± 0.08 | HCl | EI | Maccoll and Mathur, 1980 | LLK |
| C4H8+ | 10.71 | HCl | EI | Baldwin, Maccoll, et al., 1966 | RDSH |
| C4H9+ | 10.73 | Cl | PI | Traeger, 1981 | LLK |
| C4H9+ | 10.99 ± 0.05 | Cl | EI | Baldwin, Maccoll, et al., 1966 | RDSH |
References
Go To: Top, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Notes
Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
He, An, et al., 1992
He, J.; An, X.; Hu, R.,
Measurements of enthalpies of formation of 2-chlorobutane and 1,2-dichlorobutane in gaseous state,
Acta Chim. Sin., 1992, 50, 961-966. [all data]
Shehatta, 1993
Shehatta, I.,
Heat capacity at constant pressure of some halogen compounds,
Thermochim. Acta, 1993, 213, 1-10. [all data]
Levanova and Andreevskii, 1964
Levanova, S.V.; Andreevskii, D.N.,
The equilibrium of 2-chlorobutane dehydrochlorination,
Neftekhimiya, 1964, 4, 329-336. [all data]
Luo and Pacey, 1992
Luo, Y.-R.; Pacey, P.D.,
Effects of alkyl substitution on ionization energies of alkanes and haloalkanes and on heats of formation of their molecular cations. Part 2. Alkanes and chloro-, bromo- and iodoalkanes,
Int. J. Mass Spectrom. Ion Processes, 1992, 112, 63. [all data]
Traeger, 1981
Traeger, J.C.,
Heat of formation of sec-butyl cation in the gas phase,
Org. Mass Spectrom., 1981, 16, 193. [all data]
Baldwin, Maccoll, et al., 1964
Baldwin, M.; Maccoll, A.; Miller, S.I.,
Appearance potentials of the lower chloroalkanes,
J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1964, 86, 4498. [all data]
Watanabe, Nakayama, et al., 1962
Watanabe, K.; Nakayama, T.; Mottl, J.,
Ionization potentials of some molecules,
J. Quant. Spectry. Radiative Transfer, 1962, 2, 369. [all data]
Kimura, Katsumata, et al., 1981
Kimura, K.; Katsumata, S.; Achiba, Y.; Yamazaki, T.; Iwata, S.,
Ionization energies, Ab initio assignments, and valence electronic structure for 200 molecules
in Handbook of HeI Photoelectron Spectra of Fundamental Organic Compounds, Japan Scientific Soc. Press, Tokyo, 1981. [all data]
Maccoll and Mathur, 1980
Maccoll, A.; Mathur, D.,
Hydrogen chloride elimination from the molecular ions of alkyl chlorides,
Org. Mass Spectrom., 1980, 15, 483. [all data]
Baldwin, Maccoll, et al., 1966
Baldwin, M.; Maccoll, A.; Miller, S.I.,
Ionization and appearance potentials from a study of alkyl chlorides,
Advan. Mass Spectrom., 1966, 3, 259. [all data]
Notes
Go To: Top, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Gas phase ion energetics data, References
- Symbols used in this document:
AE Appearance energy Cp,liquid Constant pressure heat capacity of liquid IE (evaluated) Recommended ionization energy ΔcH°liquid Enthalpy of combustion of liquid at standard conditions ΔfH°liquid Enthalpy of formation of liquid at standard conditions ΔrH° Enthalpy of reaction at standard conditions - Data from NIST Standard Reference Database 69: NIST Chemistry WebBook
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