Methacrolein
- Formula: C4H6O
- Molecular weight: 70.0898
- IUPAC Standard InChI: InChI=1S/C4H6O/c1-4(2)3-5/h3H,1H2,2H3
- IUPAC Standard InChIKey: STNJBCKSHOAVAJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N
- CAS Registry Number: 78-85-3
- Chemical structure:
This structure is also available as a 2d Mol file - Other names: 2-Propenal, 2-methyl-; Methacrylaldehyde; α-Methylacrolein; Isobutenal; Methacrylic aldehyde; Methylacrylaldehyde; 2-Methylacrolein; 2-Methylpropenal; CH2=C(CH3)CHO; 2-Methylenepropanal; 2-Methylprop-2-enal; α-Methacrolein; Acrolein, 2-methyl-; Methacraldehyde; Methakrylaldehyd; 2-Methyl-2-propenal; NSC 8260; Methylacroleine
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Gas phase thermochemistry data
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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Data compiled by: Hussein Y. Afeefy, Joel F. Liebman, and Stephen E. Stein
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ΔfH°gas | -25.43 ± 0.48 | kcal/mol | Ccb | Van-chin-syan, Kochubei, et al., 1996 |
Condensed phase thermochemistry data
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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Data compiled by: Hussein Y. Afeefy, Joel F. Liebman, and Stephen E. Stein
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ΔfH°liquid | -33.13 ± 0.48 | kcal/mol | Ccb | Van-chin-syan, Kochubei, et al., 1996 | |
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
| ΔcH°liquid | -548.04 ± 0.45 | kcal/mol | Ccb | Van-chin-syan, Kochubei, et al., 1996 | Corresponding ΔfHºliquid = -33.10 kcal/mol (simple calculation by NIST; no Washburn corrections) |
Phase change data
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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Data compiled as indicated in comments:
BS - Robert L. Brown and Stephen E. Stein
DRB - Donald R. Burgess, Jr.
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tboil | 341.6 | K | N/A | Weast and Grasselli, 1989 | BS |
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
| ΔvapH° | 7.70 | kcal/mol | N/A | Van-chin-syan, Kochubei, et al., 1996 | DRB |
Reaction thermochemistry data
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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Data compiled by: John E. Bartmess
Note: Please consider using the reaction search for this species. This page allows searching of all reactions involving this species. A general reaction search form is also available. Future versions of this site may rely on reaction search pages in place of the enumerated reaction displays seen below.
Individual Reactions
C4H5O- + =
By formula: C4H5O- + H+ = C4H6O
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ΔrH° | 376.7 ± 3.1 | kcal/mol | G+TS | Kleingeld and Nibbering, 1984 | gas phase; Acid: 2-methylpropenal. Reprotonation to dimethyl ketene? G3MP2B3 calculations indicate a dHacid of 396 kcal/mol |
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
| ΔrG° | 369.0 ± 3.0 | kcal/mol | IMRB | Kleingeld and Nibbering, 1984 | gas phase; Acid: 2-methylpropenal. Reprotonation to dimethyl ketene? G3MP2B3 calculations indicate a dHacid of 396 kcal/mol |
C4H5O- + =
By formula: C4H5O- + H+ = C4H6O
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ΔrH° | 377.2 ± 3.1 | kcal/mol | G+TS | Bartmess and Burnham, 1984 | gas phase; value altered from reference due to change in acidity scale |
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
| ΔrG° | 370.2 ± 3.0 | kcal/mol | IMRB | Bartmess and Burnham, 1984 | gas phase; value altered from reference due to change in acidity scale |
| ΔrG° | 369.0 ± 3.0 | kcal/mol | IMRB | Kleingeld and Nibbering, 1984 | gas phase |
Gas phase ion energetics data
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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Data evaluated as indicated in comments:
HL - Edward P. Hunter and Sharon G. Lias
Data compiled as indicated in comments:
B - John E. Bartmess
LLK - Sharon G. Lias, Rhoda D. Levin, and Sherif A. Kafafi
View reactions leading to C4H6O+ (ion structure unspecified)
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Proton affinity (review) | 193.3 | kcal/mol | N/A | Hunter and Lias, 1998 | HL |
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
| Gas basicity | 185.7 | kcal/mol | N/A | Hunter and Lias, 1998 | HL |
Ionization energy determinations
| IE (eV) | Method | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|
| 9.92 | PE | Masclet and Mouvier, 1978 | LLK |
De-protonation reactions
C4H5O- + =
By formula: C4H5O- + H+ = C4H6O
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ΔrH° | 376.7 ± 3.1 | kcal/mol | G+TS | Kleingeld and Nibbering, 1984 | gas phase; Acid: 2-methylpropenal. Reprotonation to dimethyl ketene? G3MP2B3 calculations indicate a dHacid of 396 kcal/mol; B |
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
| ΔrG° | 369.0 ± 3.0 | kcal/mol | IMRB | Kleingeld and Nibbering, 1984 | gas phase; Acid: 2-methylpropenal. Reprotonation to dimethyl ketene? G3MP2B3 calculations indicate a dHacid of 396 kcal/mol; B |
C4H5O- + =
By formula: C4H5O- + H+ = C4H6O
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ΔrH° | 377.2 ± 3.1 | kcal/mol | G+TS | Bartmess and Burnham, 1984 | gas phase; value altered from reference due to change in acidity scale; B |
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
| ΔrG° | 370.2 ± 3.0 | kcal/mol | IMRB | Bartmess and Burnham, 1984 | gas phase; value altered from reference due to change in acidity scale; B |
| ΔrG° | 369.0 ± 3.0 | kcal/mol | IMRB | Kleingeld and Nibbering, 1984 | gas phase; B |
Mass spectrum (electron ionization)
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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Data compiled by: NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, William E. Wallace, director
Spectrum
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Additional Data
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| Owner | NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center Collection (C) 2014 copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the United States of America. All rights reserved. |
|---|---|
| Origin | SHELL RESEARCH LIMITED THORNTON RESEARCH CENTRE |
| NIST MS number | 254 |
Gas Chromatography
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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Data compiled by: NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, William E. Wallace, director
Kovats' RI, non-polar column, isothermal
| Column type | Active phase | Temperature (C) | I | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Packed | Apiezon L | 120. | 543. | Bogoslovsky, Anvaer, et al., 1978 | Celite 545 |
| Packed | Apiezon L | 160. | 552. | Bogoslovsky, Anvaer, et al., 1978 | Celite 545 |
Kovats' RI, non-polar column, temperature ramp
| Column type | Active phase | I | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Capillary | SE-54 | 566. | Rembold, Wallner, et al., 1989 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 0. C @ 12. min, 12. K/min; Tend: 250. C |
Van Den Dool and Kratz RI, non-polar column, temperature ramp
| Column type | Active phase | I | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Capillary | DB-5 | 568.4 | Xu, van Stee, et al., 2003 | 30. m/0.25 mm/1. μm, He, 2.5 K/min; Tstart: 50. C; Tend: 200. C |
| Capillary | DB-1 | 552.7 | Helmig, Klinger, et al., 1999 | 60. m/0.32 mm/1. μm, -50. C @ 2. min, 6. K/min; Tend: 175. C |
| Capillary | DB-1 | 553. | Kaiser and Siegl, 1994 | 60. m/0.32 mm/1. μm, -50. C @ 4. min, 6. K/min; Tend: 180. C |
Van Den Dool and Kratz RI, non-polar column, custom temperature program
| Column type | Active phase | I | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Capillary | HP-5 | 567. | Engel, Baty, et al., 2002 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 5C(5min) => 3C/min => 20C => 5C/min => 100C 15C/min => 150C (5min) |
Normal alkane RI, non-polar column, temperature ramp
| Column type | Active phase | I | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Capillary | HP-5 | 559. | Isidorov, Purzynska, et al., 2006 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 35. C @ 5. min, 3. K/min; Tend: 200. C |
| Capillary | DB-5 | 577. | Macku and Shibamoto, 1991 | He, 40. C @ 5. min, 2. K/min; Column length: 60. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; Tend: 160. C |
Normal alkane RI, non-polar column, custom temperature program
| Column type | Active phase | I | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Capillary | SLB-5 MS | 574. | Mondello, 2012 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium; Program: not specified |
| Capillary | Methyl Silicone | 556. | Zenkevich, 1996 | Program: not specified |
| Capillary | DB-1 | 531. | Ciccioli, Brancaleoni, et al., 1993 | 60. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm; Program: 3 min at 5 C; 5 - 50 C at 3 deg/min; 50 - 220 C at 5 deg/min |
Normal alkane RI, polar column, temperature ramp
| Column type | Active phase | I | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Capillary | DB-Wax | 893. | Umano, Hagi, et al., 2000 | 60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 40. C @ 2. min, 2. K/min; Tend: 200. C |
| Capillary | PEG-20M | 885. | Awano, Honda, et al., 1997 | He, 3. K/min; Column length: 60. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; Tstart: 70. C; Tend: 210. C |
Normal alkane RI, polar column, custom temperature program
| Column type | Active phase | I | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Capillary | Supelcowax 10 | 883. | Castioni and Kapetanidis, 1996 | 60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium; Program: 60 0C (10 min) 2 0C/min -> 80 0C 3 0C/min -> 100 0C 4 0C/min -> 220 0C (30 min) |
| Capillary | Supelcowax 10 | 891. | Castioni and Kapetanidis, 1996 | 60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium; Program: not specified |
| Capillary | Carbowax 400, Carbowax 20M, Carbowax 1540, Carbowax 4000, Superox 06, PEG 20M, etc. | 884. | Waggott and Davies, 1984 | Hydrogen; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; Program: not specified |
References
Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), Gas Chromatography, NIST Free Links, NIST Subscription Links, Notes
Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Van-chin-syan, Kochubei, et al., 1996
Van-chin-syan, Yu.Ya.; Kochubei, V.V.; Sergeev, V.V.; Raevskii, Yu.A.; Gerasimchuk, S.I.; Kotovich, Kh.Z.,
Thermodynamic properties of some acids and aldehydes of the acrylic series,
Sov. J. Chem. Phys. (Engl. Transl.), 1996, 70, 1789-1794, In original 1932. [all data]
Weast and Grasselli, 1989
CRC Handbook of Data on Organic Compounds, 2nd Editon, Weast,R.C and Grasselli, J.G., ed(s)., CRC Press, Inc., Boca Raton, FL, 1989, 1. [all data]
Kleingeld and Nibbering, 1984
Kleingeld, J.C.; Nibbering, N.M.M.,
Negative Ion/Molecule Cycloaddition Reactions of 2-Methylpropenal in the Gas Phase,
Recl. Trav. Chim. Pays-Bas, 1984, 103, 3, 87, https://doi.org/10.1002/recl.19841030303
. [all data]
Bartmess and Burnham, 1984
Bartmess, J.E.; Burnham, R.,
Effect of central substituents on the gas phase acidities of propenes,
J. Org. Chem., 1984, 49, 1382. [all data]
Hunter and Lias, 1998
Hunter, E.P.; Lias, S.G.,
Evaluated Gas Phase Basicities and Proton Affinities of Molecules: An Update,
J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 1998, 27, 3, 413-656, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.556018
. [all data]
Masclet and Mouvier, 1978
Masclet, P.; Mouvier, G.,
Etude par spectrometrie photoelectronique d'aldehydes et de cetones ethyleniques conjugues,
J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom., 1978, 14, 77. [all data]
Bogoslovsky, Anvaer, et al., 1978
Bogoslovsky, Yu.N.; Anvaer, B.I.; Vigdergauz, M.S.,
Chromatographic constants in gas chromatography (in Russian), Standards Publ. House, Moscow, 1978, 192. [all data]
Rembold, Wallner, et al., 1989
Rembold, H.; Wallner, P.; Nitz, S.; Kollmannsberger, H.; Drawert, F.,
Volatile components of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) seed,
J. Agric. Food Chem., 1989, 37, 3, 659-662, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00087a018
. [all data]
Xu, van Stee, et al., 2003
Xu, X.; van Stee, L.L.P.; Williams, J.; Beens, J.; Adahchour, M.; Vreuls, R.J.J.; Brinkman, U.A.Th.; Lelieveld, J.,
Comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography (GC×GC) measurements of volatile organic compounds in the atmosphere,
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 2003, 3, 3, 665-682, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-3-665-2003
. [all data]
Helmig, Klinger, et al., 1999
Helmig, D.; Klinger, L.F.; Guenther, A.; Vierling, L.; Geron, C.; Zimmerman, P.,
Biogenic volatile organic compound emissions (BVOCs). I. Identifications from three continental sites in the U.S.,
Chemosphere, 1999, 38, 9, 2163-2187, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0045-6535(98)00425-1
. [all data]
Kaiser and Siegl, 1994
Kaiser, E.W.; Siegl, W.O.,
High resolution gas chromatographic determination of the atmospheric reactivity of engine-out hydrocarbon emissions from a spark-ignited engine,
J. Hi. Res. Chromatogr., 1994, 17, 4, 264-270, https://doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240170414
. [all data]
Engel, Baty, et al., 2002
Engel, E.; Baty, C.; le Corre, D.; Souchon, I.; Martin, N.,
Flavor-active compounds potentially implicated in cooked cauliflower acceptance,
J. Agric. Food Chem., 2002, 50, 22, 6459-6467, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf025579u
. [all data]
Isidorov, Purzynska, et al., 2006
Isidorov, V.; Purzynska, A.; Modzelewska, A.; Serowiecka, M.,
Distribution coefficients of aliphatic alcohols, carbonyl compounds and esters between air and Carboxen/polydimethylsiloxane fiber coating,
Anal. Chim. Acta., 2006, 560, 1-2, 103-109, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aca.2005.12.043
. [all data]
Macku and Shibamoto, 1991
Macku, C.; Shibamoto, T.,
Headspace volatile compounds formed from heated corn oil and corn oil with glycine,
J. Agric. Food Chem., 1991, 39, 7, 1265-1269, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00007a014
. [all data]
Mondello, 2012
Mondello, L.,
HS-SPME-GCxGC-MS analysis of Yerba Mate (Ilex paraguariensis)
in Shimadzu GC-GC application compendium of comprehensive 2D GC, Vol. 1-5, Shimadzu Corp., 2012, 1-29. [all data]
Zenkevich, 1996
Zenkevich, I.G.,
Informational Maitenance of Gas Chromatographic Identification of Organic Compounds in Ecoanalytical Investigations,
Z. Anal. Chem., 1996, 51, 11, 1140-1148. [all data]
Ciccioli, Brancaleoni, et al., 1993
Ciccioli, P.; Brancaleoni, E.; Cecinato, A.; Sparapani, R.; Frattoni, M.,
Identification and determination of biogenic and anthropogenic volatile organic compounds in forest areas of Northern and Southern Europe and a remote site of the Himalaya region by high-resolution gas chromatography-mass spectrometry,
J. Chromatogr., 1993, 643, 1-2, 55-69, https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9673(93)80541-F
. [all data]
Umano, Hagi, et al., 2000
Umano, K.; Hagi, Y.; Nakahara, K.; Shoji, A.; Shibamoto, T.,
Volatile chemicals identified in extracts from leaves of Japanese mugwort (Artemisia princeps Pamp.),
J. Agric. Food Chem., 2000, 48, 8, 3463-3469, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf0001738
. [all data]
Awano, Honda, et al., 1997
Awano, K.; Honda, T.; Ogawa, T.; Suzuki, S.; Matsunaga, Y.,
Volatile components of Phalaenopsis schilleriana Rehb. f.,
Flavour Fragr. J., 1997, 12, 5, 341-344, https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-1026(199709/10)12:5<341::AID-FFJ657>3.0.CO;2-L
. [all data]
Castioni and Kapetanidis, 1996
Castioni, P.; Kapetanidis, I.,
Volatile constituents from Brunfelsia grandiflora ssp. grandiflora: qualitative analysis by GC-MS,
Scientia Pharmaceutica, 1996, 64, 83-91. [all data]
Waggott and Davies, 1984
Waggott, A.; Davies, I.W.,
Identification of organic pollutants using linear temperature programmed retention indices (LTPRIs) - Part II, 1984, retrieved from http://dwi.defra.gov.uk/research/completed-research/reports/dwi0383.pdf. [all data]
Notes
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- Symbols used in this document:
Tboil Boiling point ΔcH°liquid Enthalpy of combustion of liquid at standard conditions ΔfH°gas Enthalpy of formation of gas at standard conditions ΔfH°liquid Enthalpy of formation of liquid at standard conditions ΔrG° Free energy of reaction at standard conditions ΔrH° Enthalpy of reaction at standard conditions ΔvapH° Enthalpy of vaporization at standard conditions - Data from NIST Standard Reference Database 69: NIST Chemistry WebBook
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