Isoprene
- Formula: C5H8
- Molecular weight: 68.1170
- IUPAC Standard InChIKey: RRHGJUQNOFWUDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N
- CAS Registry Number: 78-79-5
- Chemical structure:
This structure is also available as a 2d Mol file or as a computed 3d SD file
The 3d structure may be viewed using Java or Javascript. - Other names: 1,3-Butadiene, 2-methyl-; β-Methylbivinyl; Isopentadiene; 2-Methyl-1,3-butadiene; 2-Methylbutadiene; CH2=C(CH3)CH=CH2; 2-Methylbuta-1,3-diene; 3-Methyl-1,3-butadiene; NSC 9237
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Reaction thermochemistry data
Go To: Top, Gas phase ion energetics data, Gas Chromatography, References, Notes
Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Data compiled as indicated in comments:
B - John E. Bartmess
ALS - Hussein Y. Afeefy, Joel F. Liebman, and Stephen E. Stein
RCD - Robert C. Dunbar
Note: Please consider using the reaction search for this species. This page allows searching of all reactions involving this species. A general reaction search form is also available. Future versions of this site may rely on reaction search pages in place of the enumerated reaction displays seen below.
Individual Reactions
C5H7- + =
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 1613. ± 21. | kJ/mol | G+TS | Bartmess and McIver Jr., 1979 | gas phase; Between H2O, MeOH. Acid: isoprene; B |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
ΔrG° | 1586. ± 21. | kJ/mol | IMRB | Bartmess and McIver Jr., 1979 | gas phase; Between H2O, MeOH. Acid: isoprene; B |
By formula: C11H8N4 = C6N4 + C5H8
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 157. ± 3. | kJ/mol | Cm | Rogers, 1971 | solid phase; Heat of formation derived by 77PED/RYL; ALS |
By formula: C6N4 + C5H8 = C11H8N4
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | -157. ± 3. | kJ/mol | Cm | Rogers, 1971 | liquid phase; solvent: Dichloromethane; ALS |
By formula: Ag+ + C5H8 = (Ag+ • C5H8)
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 164. ± 19. | kJ/mol | RAK | Ho, Yang, et al., 1997 | RCD |
Gas phase ion energetics data
Go To: Top, Reaction thermochemistry data, Gas Chromatography, References, Notes
Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Data evaluated as indicated in comments:
HL - Edward P. Hunter and Sharon G. Lias
L - Sharon G. Lias
Data compiled as indicated in comments:
B - John E. Bartmess
LL - Sharon G. Lias and Joel F. Liebman
LLK - Sharon G. Lias, Rhoda D. Levin, and Sherif A. Kafafi
RDSH - Henry M. Rosenstock, Keith Draxl, Bruce W. Steiner, and John T. Herron
LBLHLM - Sharon G. Lias, John E. Bartmess, Joel F. Liebman, John L. Holmes, Rhoda D. Levin, and W. Gary Mallard
View reactions leading to C5H8+ (ion structure unspecified)
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
IE (evaluated) | 8.86 ± 0.02 | eV | N/A | N/A | L |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
Proton affinity (review) | 826.4 | kJ/mol | N/A | Hunter and Lias, 1998 | HL |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
Gas basicity | 797.6 | kJ/mol | N/A | Hunter and Lias, 1998 | HL |
Ionization energy determinations
IE (eV) | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|
8.85 ± 0.02 | PE | Bieri, Burger, et al., 1977 | LLK |
8.85 | EI | Lossing and Traeger, 1975 | LLK |
8.90 ± 0.10 | EI | Puttemans and Delvaux, 1973 | LLK |
8.89 | PE | Beez, Bieri, et al., 1973 | LLK |
8.845 ± 0.005 | PI | Watanabe, Nakayama, et al., 1962 | RDSH |
8.84 ± 0.01 | S | Price and Walsh, 1940 | RDSH |
8.85 | PE | Werstiuk, Clark, et al., 1990 | Vertical value; LL |
8.85 | PE | Masclet, Mouvier, et al., 1981 | Vertical value; LLK |
8.87 | PE | Worley, Webb, et al., 1979 | Vertical value; LLK |
9.04 | PE | Sustmann and Schubert, 1972 | Vertical value; LLK |
Appearance energy determinations
Ion | AE (eV) | Other Products | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
C3H3+ | 14.55 ± 0.15 | C2H4+H | EI | Puttemans and Delvaux, 1973 | LLK |
C3H4+ | 12.39 ± 0.12 | C2H4 | EI | Puttemans and Delvaux, 1973 | LLK |
C3H5+ | 14.04 ± 0.10 | C2H2+H | EI | Puttemans and Delvaux, 1973 | LLK |
C3H6+ | 12.76 ± 0.10 | C2H2 | EI | Puttemans and Delvaux, 1973 | LLK |
C4H5+ | 11.44 | CH3 | EI | Lossing and Holmes, 1984 | LBLHLM |
C4H5+ | 11.93 ± 0.10 | CH3 | EI | Puttemans and Delvaux, 1973 | LLK |
C5H5+ | 13.9 | H2+H | EI | Harrison, Haynes, et al., 1965 | RDSH |
C5H7+ | 10.54 | H | EI | Lossing and Traeger, 1975 | LLK |
C5H7+ | 10.54 | H | EI | Holmes, 1974 | LLK |
C5H7+ | 10.93 ± 0.10 | H | EI | Puttemans and Delvaux, 1973 | LLK |
De-protonation reactions
C5H7- + =
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 1613. ± 21. | kJ/mol | G+TS | Bartmess and McIver Jr., 1979 | gas phase; Between H2O, MeOH. Acid: isoprene; B |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
ΔrG° | 1586. ± 21. | kJ/mol | IMRB | Bartmess and McIver Jr., 1979 | gas phase; Between H2O, MeOH. Acid: isoprene; B |
Gas Chromatography
Go To: Top, Reaction thermochemistry data, Gas phase ion energetics data, References, Notes
Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Data compiled by: NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, William E. Wallace, director
Kovats' RI, non-polar column, isothermal
Column type | Active phase | Temperature (C) | I | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Capillary | OV-1 | 27. | 496. | Heberger, 1990 | 25. m/0.25 mm/0.50 μm, He |
Capillary | OV-1 | 30. | 508. | Heberger, 1990 | 25. m/0.25 mm/0.50 μm, He |
Capillary | OV-1 | 75. | 506. | Heberger, 1990 | 25. m/0.25 mm/0.50 μm, He |
Packed | Squalane | 70. | 499. | Safina, Poznyak, et al., 1989 | He, Risorb (0.2-0.3 mm); Column length: 2. m |
Capillary | Squalane | 50. | 497.5 | Papazova, Milina, et al., 1988 | Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm |
Capillary | SE-30 | 80. | 507. | Bredael, 1982 | Column length: 100. m; Column diameter: 0.5 mm |
Capillary | Squalane | 50. | 497.6 | Bajus, Veselý, et al., 1979 | Column length: 100. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm |
Capillary | Squalane | 70. | 491.5 | Bajus, Veselý, et al., 1979 | Column length: 100. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm |
Capillary | Squalane | 27. | 495.70 | Schomburg and Dielmann, 1973 | Column length: 100. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm |
Packed | Squalane | 27. | 496. | Hively and Hinton, 1968 | He, Chromosorb P; Column length: 15. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm |
Packed | Squalane | 49. | 497. | Hively and Hinton, 1968 | He, Chromosorb P; Column length: 15. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm |
Packed | Squalane | 67. | 501. | Hively and Hinton, 1968 | He, Chromosorb P; Column length: 15. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm |
Packed | Squalane | 86. | 501. | Hively and Hinton, 1968 | He, Chromosorb P; Column length: 15. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm |
Packed | SE-30 | 70. | 507. | Widmer, 1967 | Diatoport S; Column length: 7.9 m |
Packed | Squalane | 26. | 499. | Zulaïca and Guiochon, 1966 | Column length: 10. m |
Packed | Apiezon L | 130. | 514. | Wehrli and Kováts, 1959 | Celite; Column length: 2.25 m |
Packed | Apiezon L | 70. | 511. | Wehrli and Kováts, 1959 | Celite; Column length: 2.25 m |
Kovats' RI, non-polar column, custom temperature program
Column type | Active phase | I | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|
Capillary | Petrocol DH-100 | 506. | Haagen-Smit Laboratory, 1997 | He; Column length: 100. m; Column diameter: 0.2 mm; Program: 5C(10min) => 5C/min => 50C(48min) => 1.5C/min => 195C(91min) |
Capillary | DB-1 | 504. | Hoekman, 1993 | 60. m/0.32 mm/1.0 μm, He; Program: -40 C for 12 min; -40 - 125 C at 3 deg.min; 125-185 C at 6 deg/min; 185 - 220 C at 20 deg/min; hold 220 C for 2 min |
Kovats' RI, polar column, isothermal
Column type | Active phase | Temperature (C) | I | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Packed | Carbowax 20M | 130. | 624. | Widmer, 1967 | Diatoport P; Column length: 7.9 m |
Packed | Carbowax 20M | 70. | 602. | Widmer, 1967 | Diatoport P; Column length: 7.9 m |
Van Den Dool and Kratz RI, non-polar column, temperature ramp
Column type | Active phase | I | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|
Capillary | DB-1 | 502.2 | Helmig, Klinger, et al., 1999 | 60. m/0.32 mm/1. μm, -50. C @ 2. min, 6. K/min; Tend: 175. C |
Capillary | DB-1 | 504. | Helmig, Pollock, et al., 1996 | 30. m/0.25 mm/1. μm, 6. K/min; Tstart: -50. C; Tend: 180. C |
Capillary | DB-5 | 520. | Helmig, Pollock, et al., 1996 | 60. m/0.33 mm/0.25 μm, 6. K/min; Tstart: -50. C; Tend: 180. C |
Normal alkane RI, non-polar column, isothermal
Column type | Active phase | Temperature (C) | I | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Capillary | Squalane | 70. | 497. | Schomburg, 1966 |
Normal alkane RI, non-polar column, temperature ramp
Column type | Active phase | I | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|
Capillary | Polydimethyl siloxane: CP-Sil 5 CB | 504. | Bramston-Cook, 2013 | 60. m/0.25 mm/1.0 μm, Helium, 45. C @ 1.45 min, 3.6 K/min, 210. C @ 2.72 min |
Capillary | Petrocol DH | 505. | Supelco, 2012 | 100. m/0.25 mm/0.50 μm, Helium, 20. C @ 15. min, 15. K/min, 220. C @ 30. min |
Capillary | Methyl Silicone | 502.95 | Baraldi, Rapparini, et al., 1999 | 60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, 40. C @ 10. min, 5. K/min; Tend: 220. C |
Capillary | OV-101 | 500. | Orav, Kailas, et al., 1999 | 50. m/0.20 mm/0.50 μm, Helium, 30. C @ 6. min, 1. K/min; Tend: 100. C |
Capillary | OV-101 | 502. | Chupalov and Zenkevich, 1996 | N2, 3. K/min; Column length: 52. m; Column diameter: 0.26 mm; Tstart: 50. C; Tend: 220. C |
Capillary | DB-1 | 503. | Ciccioli, Cecinato, et al., 1992 | 60. m/0.32 mm/1.2 μm, He, 30. C @ 10. min, 3. K/min; Tend: 240. C |
Normal alkane RI, non-polar column, custom temperature program
Column type | Active phase | I | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|
Capillary | Methyl Silicone | 504. | Blunden, Aneja, et al., 2005 | 60. m/0.32 mm/1.0 μm, Helium; Program: -50 0C (2 min) 8 0C/min -> 200 0C (7.75 min) 25 0C -> 225 0C (8 min) |
Capillary | PONA | 506. | Perkin Elmer Instruments, 2002 | Column length: 100. m; Phase thickness: 0.50 μm; Program: not specified |
Capillary | OV-101 | 502. | Zenkevich, 1998 | He; Column length: 25. m; Column diameter: 0.20 mm; Program: not specified |
Capillary | OV-101 | 503. | Zenkevich, 1998 | He; Column length: 25. m; Column diameter: 0.20 mm; Program: not specified |
Capillary | SPB-1 | 504. | Flanagan, Streete, et al., 1997 | 60. m/0.53 mm/5. μm, He; Program: 40C(6min) => 5C/min => 80C => 10C/min => 200C |
Capillary | DB-1 | 503. | Ciccioli, Cecinato, et al., 1994 | 60. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm; Program: not specified |
Capillary | DB-1 | 503. | Ciccioli, Brancaleoni, et al., 1993 | 60. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm; Program: 3 min at 5 C; 5 - 50 C at 3 deg/min; 50 - 220 C at 5 deg/min |
Capillary | SPB-1 | 504. | Strete, Ruprah, et al., 1992 | 60. m/0.53 mm/5.0 μm, Helium; Program: 40 0C (6 min) 5 0C/min -> 80 0C 10 0C/min -> 200 0C |
Normal alkane RI, polar column, custom temperature program
Column type | Active phase | I | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|
Capillary | Carbowax 400, Carbowax 20M, Carbowax 1540, Carbowax 4000, Superox 06, PEG 20M, etc. | 633. | Waggott and Davies, 1984 | Hydrogen; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; Program: not specified |
References
Go To: Top, Reaction thermochemistry data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Gas Chromatography, Notes
Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Bartmess and McIver Jr., 1979
Bartmess, J.E.; McIver Jr.,
The Gas Phase Acidity Scale
in Gas Phase Ion Chemistry, Gas Phase Ion Chemistry, V. 2, M.T. Bowers, Ed., Academic Press, NY, 1979, Ch. 11, Elsevier, 1979. [all data]
Rogers, 1971
Rogers, F.E.,
Thermochemistry of the Diels-Alder reaction. I. Enthalpy of addition of isoprene to tetracyanoethylene,
J. Phys. Chem., 1971, 75, 1734-1737. [all data]
Ho, Yang, et al., 1997
Ho, Y.-P.; Yang, Y.-C.; Klippenstein, S.J.; Dunbar, R.C.,
Binding Energies of Ag+ and Cd+ Complexes from Analysis of Radiative Association Kinetics,
J. Phys. Chem. A, 1997, 101, 18, 3338, https://doi.org/10.1021/jp9637284
. [all data]
Hunter and Lias, 1998
Hunter, E.P.; Lias, S.G.,
Evaluated Gas Phase Basicities and Proton Affinities of Molecules: An Update,
J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 1998, 27, 3, 413-656, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.556018
. [all data]
Bieri, Burger, et al., 1977
Bieri, G.; Burger, F.; Heilbronner, E.; Maier, J.P.,
Valence ionization enrgies of hydrocarbons,
Helv. Chim. Acta, 1977, 60, 2213. [all data]
Lossing and Traeger, 1975
Lossing, F.P.; Traeger, J.C.,
Stabilization in cyclopentadienyl, cyclopentenyl, and cyclopentyl cations,
J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1975, 97, 1579. [all data]
Puttemans and Delvaux, 1973
Puttemans, J.-P.; Delvaux, J.C.,
Ionisation et fragmentation d'isomeres C5H8 sous impact electronique. Spiropentane - methylenecyclobutane - isoprene,
Ing. Chim. Brussell, 1973, 55(267-8), 7. [all data]
Beez, Bieri, et al., 1973
Beez, M.; Bieri, G.; Bock, H.; Heilbronner, E.,
The ionization potentials of butadiene, hexatriene, andtheir methyl derivatives: evidence for through space interaction between double bond π-orbitals and non-bonded pseudo-π orbitals of methyl groups?,
Helv. Chim. Acta, 1973, 56, 1028. [all data]
Watanabe, Nakayama, et al., 1962
Watanabe, K.; Nakayama, T.; Mottl, J.,
Ionization potentials of some molecules,
J. Quant. Spectry. Radiative Transfer, 1962, 2, 369. [all data]
Price and Walsh, 1940
Price, W.C.; Walsh, A.D.,
The absorption spectra of conjugated dienes in the vacuum ultra-violet (1),
Proc. Roy. Soc. (London), 1940, A174, 220. [all data]
Werstiuk, Clark, et al., 1990
Werstiuk, N.H.; Clark, K.B.; Leigh, W.J.,
Conformational analysis and structure elucidation of 2,3-dimethyl and 2,4-dimethyl-2,4-hexadienes by AM1 and He(I) ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy,
Can. J. Chem., 1990, 68, 2078. [all data]
Masclet, Mouvier, et al., 1981
Masclet, P.; Mouvier, G.; Bocquet, J.F.,
Effets electroniques et effets steriques dus a la substitution alcoyle dans les dienes conjugues,
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Worley, Webb, et al., 1979
Worley, S.D.; Webb, T.R.; Gibson, D.H.; Ong, T.-S.,
On the electronic structures of cyclobutadiene trimethylenemethane,
J. Organomet. Chem., 1979, 168, 16. [all data]
Sustmann and Schubert, 1972
Sustmann, R.; Schubert, R.,
Photoelektronenspektroskopische bestimmung von substituenten-effekten. I. Subtituierte butadiene,
Tetrahedron Lett., 1972, 27, 2739. [all data]
Lossing and Holmes, 1984
Lossing, F.P.; Holmes, J.L.,
Stabilization energy and ion size in carbocations in the gas phase,
J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1984, 106, 6917. [all data]
Harrison, Haynes, et al., 1965
Harrison, A.G.; Haynes, P.; McLean, S.; Meyer, F.,
The mass spectra of methyl-substituted cyclopentadienes,
J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1965, 87, 5099. [all data]
Holmes, 1974
Holmes, J.L.,
The mass spectra of isomeric hydrocarbons - II: The C5H8 isomers, spiropentane, cyclopentene, 1,3-pentadiene and isoprene; the mechanisms and energetics of their fragmentations,
Org. Mass Spectrom., 1974, 8, 247. [all data]
Heberger, 1990
Heberger, K.,
Identification of C5H8 Isomers Through Reactions of Singlet Methylene, CH2(ã1A1), with Unsaturated Hydrocarbons Using Capillary Gas Chromatography - Mass Spectrometry,
Analyst, 1990, 115, 6, 725-729, https://doi.org/10.1039/an9901500725
. [all data]
Safina, Poznyak, et al., 1989
Safina, L.R.; Poznyak, T.I.; Lisitsyn, D.M.; Kiseleva, E.V.; Kovalev, G.I.,
Selective gas-chromatographic determination of trace unsaturated and aromatic-hydrocarbons in complex-mixtures,
J. Appl. Chem. USSR (Engl. Transl.), 1989, 44, 5, 749-754. [all data]
Papazova, Milina, et al., 1988
Papazova, D.; Milina, R.; Dimov, N.,
Comparative evaluation of retention of hydrocarbons present in the C5-petroleum fraction of methylsilicone and squalane phases,
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. [all data]
Bredael, 1982
Bredael, P.,
Retention indices of hydrocarbons on SE-30,
J. Hi. Res. Chromatogr. Chromatogr. Comm., 1982, 5, 6, 325-328, https://doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240050610
. [all data]
Bajus, Veselý, et al., 1979
Bajus, M.; Veselý, V.; Leclercq, P.A.; Rijks, J.A.,
Steam cracking of hydrocarbons. 2. Pyrolysis of methylcyclohexane,
Ind. Eng. Chem. Prod. Res. Dev., 1979, 18, 2, 135-142, https://doi.org/10.1021/i360070a012
. [all data]
Schomburg and Dielmann, 1973
Schomburg, G.; Dielmann, G.,
Identification by means of retention parameters,
J. Chromatogr. Sci., 1973, 11, 3, 151-159, https://doi.org/10.1093/chromsci/11.3.151
. [all data]
Hively and Hinton, 1968
Hively, R.A.; Hinton, R.E.,
Variation of the retention index with temperature on squalane substrates,
J. Gas Chromatogr., 1968, 6, 4, 203-217, https://doi.org/10.1093/chromsci/6.4.203
. [all data]
Widmer, 1967
Widmer, H.,
Gas chromatographic identification of hydrocarbons using retention indices,
J. Gas Chromatogr., 1967, 5, 10, 506-510, https://doi.org/10.1093/chromsci/5.10.506
. [all data]
Zulaïca and Guiochon, 1966
Zulaïca, J.; Guiochon, G.,
Analyse des hauts polymères par chromatographie en phase gazeuse de leurs produits de pyrolyse. II. Application à quelques hydrocarbures macromoléculaires purs,
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Wehrli and Kováts, 1959
Wehrli, A.; Kováts, E.,
Gas-chromatographische Charakterisierung ogranischer Verbindungen. Teil 3: Berechnung der Retentionsindices aliphatischer, alicyclischer und aromatischer Verbindungen,
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Haagen-Smit Laboratory, 1997
Haagen-Smit Laboratory,
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Hoekman, 1993
Hoekman, S.K.,
Improved gas chromatography procedure for speciated hydrocarbon measurements of vehicle emissions,
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. [all data]
Helmig, Klinger, et al., 1999
Helmig, D.; Klinger, L.F.; Guenther, A.; Vierling, L.; Geron, C.; Zimmerman, P.,
Biogenic volatile organic compound emissions (BVOCs). I. Identifications from three continental sites in the U.S.,
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Helmig, Pollock, et al., 1996
Helmig, D.; Pollock, W.; Greenberg, J.; Zimmerman, P.,
Gas chromatography mass spectrometry analysis of volatile organic trace gases at Mauna Loa Observatory, Hawaii,
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Schomburg, 1966
Schomburg, G.,
Gaschromatographische Retentionsdaten und Struktur Chemischer Verbindungen. II. Methylverzweigungen und Doppelbindungen in Offenkettigen Kohlenwasserstoffen,
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. [all data]
Bramston-Cook, 2013
Bramston-Cook, R.,
Kovats indices for C2-C13 hydrocarbons and selected oxygenated/halocarbons with 100 % dimethylpolysiloxane columns, 2013, retrieved from http://lotusinstruments.com/monographs/List .... [all data]
Supelco, 2012
Supelco, CatalogNo. 24160-U,
Petrocol DH Columns. Catalog No. 24160-U, 2012, retrieved from http://www.sigmaaldrich.com/etc/medialib/docs/Supelco/Datasheet/1/w97949.Par.0001.File.tmp/w97949.pdf. [all data]
Baraldi, Rapparini, et al., 1999
Baraldi, R.; Rapparini, F.; Rossi, F.; Latella, A.; Ciccioli, P.,
Volatile organic compound emissions from flowers of the most occurring and economically important species of fruit trees,
Phys. Chem. Earth, 1999, 24, 6, 729-732, https://doi.org/10.1016/S1464-1909(99)00073-8
. [all data]
Orav, Kailas, et al., 1999
Orav, A.; Kailas, T.; Muurisepp, M.; Kann, J.,
Composition of the oil from waste tires. 1. Fraction boiling at yp to 160 0C,
Proc. Estonian Acad. Sci. Chem., 1999, 48, 1, 30-39. [all data]
Chupalov and Zenkevich, 1996
Chupalov, A.A.; Zenkevich, I.G.,
Chromatographic Characterization of Structural Transformations of Organic Compounds in Diels-Alder Reaction. Aliphatic Dienes and Dienophyls,
Zh. Org. Khim., 1996, 32, 6, 675-684. [all data]
Ciccioli, Cecinato, et al., 1992
Ciccioli, P.; Cecinato, A.; Brancaleoni, E.; Frattoni, M.; Liberti, A.,
Use of carbon adsorption traps combined with high resolution gas chromatography - mass spectrometry for the analysis of polar and non-polar C4-C14 hydrocarbons involved in photochemical smog formation,
J. Hi. Res. Chromatogr., 1992, 15, 2, 75-84, https://doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240150205
. [all data]
Blunden, Aneja, et al., 2005
Blunden, J.; Aneja, V.P.; Lonneman, W.A.,
Characterization of non-methane volatile organic compounds at swine facilities in eastern North Carolina,
Atm. Environ., 2005, 39, 36, 6707-6718, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2005.03.053
. [all data]
Perkin Elmer Instruments, 2002
Perkin Elmer Instruments,
Detailed hydrocarbon analysis (DHAX) Model 4015, 2002, retrieved from http://www.perkinelmer.com/instruments. [all data]
Zenkevich, 1998
Zenkevich, I.G.,
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Notes
Go To: Top, Reaction thermochemistry data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Gas Chromatography, References
- Symbols used in this document:
AE Appearance energy IE (evaluated) Recommended ionization energy ΔrG° Free energy of reaction at standard conditions ΔrH° Enthalpy of reaction at standard conditions - Data from NIST Standard Reference Database 69: NIST Chemistry WebBook
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