Hydrogen sulfide

• Formula: H₂S
• Molecular weight: 34.081
• IUPAC Standard InChI: InChI=1S/H2S/h1H2 Copy

  
• IUPAC Standard InChIKey: RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copy
• CAS Registry Number: 7783-06-4
• Chemical structure:
  This structure is also available as a 2d Mol file or as a computed 3d SD file
  The 3d structure may be viewed using Java or Javascript.
• Other names: Dihydrogen monosulfide; Dihydrogen sulfide; Hydrosulfuric acid; Stink damp; Sulfur hydride; Sulfureted hydrogen; H2S; Sulfuretted hydrogen; Hydrogen sulphide; Hydrogen sulfide (H2S); Acide sulfhydrique; Hydrogene sulfure; Idrogeno solforato; Rcra waste number U135; Schwefelwasserstoff; Siarkowodor; UN 1053; Zwavelwaterstof; Hepatic gas; Hepatic acid; Hydrogen monosulfide; Sewer gas
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• Information on this page:
  • Gas phase thermochemistry data
  • Phase change data
  • Gas phase ion energetics data
  • Mass spectrum (electron ionization)
  • References
  • Notes
• Other data available:
  • Reaction thermochemistry data
  • Henry's Law data
  • Ion clustering data
  • IR Spectrum
  • Vibrational and/or electronic energy levels
  • Gas Chromatography
  • Fluid Properties
• Data at other public NIST sites:
  • Microwave spectra (on physics lab web site)
  • Electron-Impact Ionization Cross Sections (on physics web site)
  • Gas Phase Kinetics Database
  • X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy Database, version 5.0
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• NIST / TRC Web Thermo Tables, "lite" edition (thermophysical and thermochemical data)
• NIST / TRC Web Thermo Tables, professional edition (thermophysical and thermochemical data)

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Gas phase thermochemistry data

Go To: Top, Phase change data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Gas Phase Heat Capacity (Shomate Equation)

C_p° = A + B*t + C*t² + D*t³ + E/t²
H° − H°_298.15= A*t + B*t²/2 + C*t³/3 + D*t⁴/4 − E/t + F − H
S° = A*ln(t) + B*t + C*t²/2 + D*t³/3 − E/(2*t²) + G
    C_p = heat capacity (J/mol*K)
    H° = standard enthalpy (kJ/mol)
    S° = standard entropy (J/mol*K)
    t = temperature (K) / 1000.

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View table.

Phase change data

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
TRC - Thermodynamics Research Center, NIST Boulder Laboratories, Chris Muzny director
AC - William E. Acree, Jr., James S. Chickos

Enthalpy of vaporization

Antoine Equation Parameters

log₁₀(P) = A − (B / (T + C))
    P = vapor pressure (bar)
    T = temperature (K)

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Enthalpy of sublimation

Gas phase ion energetics data

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data evaluated as indicated in comments:
HL - Edward P. Hunter and Sharon G. Lias
L - Sharon G. Lias

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
B - John E. Bartmess
LBLHLM - Sharon G. Lias, John E. Bartmess, Joel F. Liebman, John L. Holmes, Rhoda D. Levin, and W. Gary Mallard
LLK - Sharon G. Lias, Rhoda D. Levin, and Sherif A. Kafafi
RDSH - Henry M. Rosenstock, Keith Draxl, Bruce W. Steiner, and John T. Herron

View reactions leading to H₂S⁺ (ion structure unspecified)

Ionization energy determinations

Appearance energy determinations

De-protonation reactions

HS^- +  =

By formula: HS^- + H⁺ = H₂S

Mass spectrum (electron ionization)

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled by: NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, William E. Wallace, director

Spectrum

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Additional Data

References

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Cox, Wagman, et al., 1984
Cox, J.D.; Wagman, D.D.; Medvedev, V.A., CODATA Key Values for Thermodynamics, Hemisphere Publishing Corp., New York, 1984, 1. [all data]

Chase, 1998
Chase, M.W., Jr., NIST-JANAF Themochemical Tables, Fourth Edition, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, Monograph 9, 1998, 1-1951. [all data]

Goodwin, 1983
Goodwin, R.D., Hydrogen sulfide provisional thermophysical properties from 188 to 700K at pressures to 75 MPa, Report, NBSIR-83-1694; NTIS No. PB84-122704, 177 pp., 1983. [all data]

Beckmann and Waentig, 1910
Beckmann, E.; Waentig, P., Cryoscopic Measurements at Low Temperatures, Z. Anorg. Chem., 1910, 67, 17. [all data]

Giauque and Blue, 1936
Giauque, W.F.; Blue, R.W., Hydrogen Sulfide. The Heat Capacity and Vapor Pressure of Solid and Liquid. The HEat of Vaporization. A Comparison of Thermooodynamic and Spectroscopic Values of the Entropy, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1936, 58, 831. [all data]

Cubitt, Henderson, et al., 1987
Cubitt, A.G.; Henderson, C.; Staveley, L.A.K.; Fonseca, I.M.A.; Ferreira, A.G.M., Some thermodynamic properties of liquid hydrogen sulphide and deuterium sulphide, J. Chem. Thermodyn., 1987, 19, 703. [all data]

Dykyj, Svoboda, et al., 1999
Dykyj, J.; Svoboda, J.; Wilhoit, R.C.; Frenkel, M.L.; Hall, K.R., Vapor Pressure of Chemicals: Part A. Vapor Pressure and Antoine Constants for Hydrocarbons and Sulfur, Selenium, Tellurium and Hydrogen Containing Organic Compounds, Springer, Berlin, 1999, 373. [all data]

Giauque and Blue, 1936, 2
Giauque, W.F.; Blue, R.W., Hydrogen Sulfide. The Heat Capacity and Vapor Pressure of Solid and Liquid. The Heat of Vaporization. A Comparison of Thermodynamic and Spectroscopic Values of the Entropy, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1936, 58, 5, 831-837, https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01296a045 . [all data]

Stull, 1947
Stull, Daniel R., Vapor Pressure of Pure Substances. Organic and Inorganic Compounds, Ind. Eng. Chem., 1947, 39, 4, 517-540, https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50448a022 . [all data]

Clark, Cockett, et al., 1951
Clark, A.M.; Cockett, A.H.; Eisner, H.S., The Vapour Pressure of Hydrogen Sulphide, Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences, 1951, 209, 1098, 408-415, https://doi.org/10.1098/rspa.1951.0214 . [all data]

Hunter and Lias, 1998
Hunter, E.P.; Lias, S.G., Evaluated Gas Phase Basicities and Proton Affinities of Molecules: An Update, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 1998, 27, 3, 413-656, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.556018 . [all data]

Walters and Blais, 1984
Walters, E.A.; Blais, N.C., Molecular beam photoionization and fragmentation of D₂S, (H₂S)₂, (D₂S)₂, and H₂S.H₂O, J. Chem. Phys., 1984, 80, 3501. [all data]

Prest, Tzeng, et al., 1983
Prest, H.F.; Tzeng, W.-B.; Brom, J.M., Jr.; Ng, C.Y., Molecular beam photoionization study of H₂S, Int. J. Mass Spectrom. Ion Processes, 1983, 50, 315. [all data]

Walters and Blais, 1981
Walters, E.A.; Blais, N.C., Molecular beam photoionization of (H₂S)n,n = 1 - 7, J. Chem. Phys., 1981, 75, 4208. [all data]

Smith, Adams, et al., 1981
Smith, D.; Adams, N.G.; Lindinger, W., Reactions of the HnS ions (n = 0 to 3) with several molecular gases at thermal energies, J. Chem. Phys., 1981, 75, 3365. [all data]

Kimura, Katsumata, et al., 1981
Kimura, K.; Katsumata, S.; Achiba, Y.; Yamazaki, T.; Iwata, S., Ionization energies, Ab initio assignments, and valence electronic structure for 200 molecules in Handbook of HeI Photoelectron Spectra of Fundamental Organic Compounds, Japan Scientific Soc. Press, Tokyo, 1981. [all data]

Karlsson, Mattsson, et al., 1976
Karlsson, L.; Mattsson, L.; Jadrny, R.; Bergmark, T.; Siegbahn, K., Vibrational ans vibronic structure in the valence electron spectrum of H₂S, Phys. Scr., 1976, 13, 229. [all data]

Balkis, Gaines, et al., 1976
Balkis, T.; Gaines, A.F.; Ozgen, G.; Ozgen, I.T.; Flowers, M.C., Ionization of hydrogen sul- phide, selenide and telluride by electron impact, J. Chem. Soc. Faraday Trans. 2, 1976, 72, 524. [all data]

Rabalais, Debies, et al., 1974
Rabalais, J.W.; Debies, T.P.; Berkosky, J.L.; Huang, J.-T.J.; Ellison, F.O., Calculated photoionization cross sections relative experimental photoionization intensities for a selection of small molecules, J. Chem. Phys., 1974, 61, 516. [all data]

Natalis, 1973
Natalis, P., Contribution a la spectroscopie photoelectronique. Effets de l'autoionisation dans less spectres photoelectroniques de molecules diatomiques et triatomiques, Acad. R. Belg. Mem. Cl. Sci. Collect. 8, 1973, 41, 1. [all data]

Morrison and Traeger, 1973
Morrison, J.D.; Traeger, J.C., Ionization and dissociation by electron impact. I. H₂O and H₂S, Int. J. Mass Spectrom. Ion Phys., 1973, 11, 77. [all data]

Potts and Price, 1972
Potts, A.W.; Price, W.C., Photoelectron spectra and valence shell orbital structures of groups V VI hydrides, Proc. R. Soc. London A:, 1972, 326, 181. [all data]

Delwiche and Natalis, 1970
Delwiche, J.; Natalis, P., Photoelectron spectrometry of hydrogen sulfide, Chem. Phys. Lett., 1970, 5, 564. [all data]

Delwiche, Natalis, et al., 1970
Delwiche, J.; Natalis, P.; Collin, J.E., High resolution photoelectron spectrometry of H₂S and H₂Se, Intern. J. Mass Spectrom. Ion Phys., 1970, 5, 443. [all data]

Dibeler and Liston, 1968
Dibeler, V.H.; Liston, S.K., Mass-spectrometric study of photoionization. XI.Hydrogen sulfide and sulfur dioxide, J. Chem. Phys., 1968, 49, 482. [all data]

Al-Joboury and Turner, 1964
Al-Joboury, M.I.; Turner, D.W., Molecular photoelectron spectroscopy. Part II. A summary of ionization potentials, J. Chem. Soc., 1964, 4434. [all data]

Frost and McDowell, 1958
Frost, D.C.; McDowell, C.A., Excited states of the molecular ions of hydrogen fluoride, hydrogen iodide, water, hydrogen sulphide, and ammonia, Can. J. Chem., 1958, 36, 39. [all data]

Watanabe, 1954
Watanabe, K., Photoionization and total absorption cross section of gases. I. Ionization potentials of several molecules. Cross sections of NH₃ and NO, J. Chem. Phys., 1954, 22, 1564. [all data]

Price, 1935
Price, W.C., The far ultraviolet absorption spectra and ionization potentials of H₂S, CS₂, and SO₂, Bull. Am. Phys. Soc., 1935, 10, 9. [all data]

Bieri, Asbrink, et al., 1982
Bieri, G.; Asbrink, L.; Von Niessen, W., 30.4-nm He(II) photoelectron spectra of organic molecules, J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom., 1982, 27, 129. [all data]

Wagner and Bock, 1974
Wagner, G.; Bock, H., Photoelektronenspektren und molekuleigenschaften, XXVI. Die delokalisation von schwefel-elektronenpaaren in alkylsulfiden und -disulfiden, Chem. Ber., 1974, 107, 68. [all data]

Schweig and Thiel, 1974
Schweig, A.; Thiel, W., Photoionization cross sections: He I- and He II-photoelectron spectra of homologous oxygen and sulphur compounds, Mol. Phys., 1974, 27, 265. [all data]

Bock, Wagner, et al., 1972
Bock, H.; Wagner, G.; Kroner, J., Photoelektronenspektren und molekuleigenschaften, XIV. Die delokalisation des schwefel-elektronenpaar in CH₃S-substituierten aromaten, Chem. Ber., 1972, 105, 3850. [all data]

Palmer and Lossing, 1962
Palmer, T.F.; Lossing, F.P., Free radicals by mass spectrometry. XXVIII. The HS, CH₃S, and phenyl-S radicals: ionization potentials and heats of formation, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1962, 84, 4661. [all data]

Eland, 1979
Eland, J.H.D., Dissociations of state-selected C₂H₂⁺, H₂S⁺ and D₂S⁺ ions studied by photoelectron-photoion coincidence spectroscopy, Int. J. Mass Spectrom. Ion Phys., 1979, 31, 161. [all data]

Rempala and Ervin, 2000
Rempala, K.; Ervin, K.M., Collisional activation of the Endoergic Hydrogen Atom Transfer Reaction S-(2P) + H2 - SH- + H, J. Chem. Phys., 2000, 112, 10, 4579, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.481016 . [all data]

Bartmess, Scott, et al., 1979
Bartmess, J.E.; Scott, J.A.; McIver, R.T., Jr., The gas phase acidity scale from methanol to phenol, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1979, 101, 6047. [all data]

Shiell, Hu, et al., 1900
Shiell, R.C.; Hu, X.K.; Hu, Q.J.; Hepburn, J.W., A determination of the bond dissociation energy (D-0(H-SH)): Threshold ion-pair production spectroscopy (TIPPS) of a triatomic molecule, J. Phys. Chem. A, 1900, 104, 19, 4339-4342, https://doi.org/10.1021/jp000025k . [all data]

Gurvich, Veyts, et al.
Gurvich, L.V.; Veyts, I.V.; Alcock, C.B., Hemisphere Publishing, NY, 1989, V. 1 2, Thermodynamic Properties of Individual Substances, 4th Ed. [all data]

Breyer, Frey, et al., 1981
Breyer, F.; Frey, P.; Hotop, H., High Resolution Photoelectron Spectrometry of Negative Ions: Rotational Transitions in Laser-Photodetachment of OH-, SH-, and SD-, Z. Phys. A, 1981, 300, 1, 7, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01412609 . [all data]

Cumming and Kebarle, 1978
Cumming, J.B.; Kebarle, P., Summary of gas phase measurements involving acids AH. Entropy changes in proton transfer reactions involving negative ions. Bond dissociation energies D(A-H) and electron affinities EA(A), Can. J. Chem., 1978, 56, 1. [all data]

Check, Faust, et al., 2001
Check, C.E.; Faust, T.O.; Bailey, J.M.; Wright, B.J.; Gilbert, T.M.; Sunderlin, L.S., Addition of Polarization and Diffuse Functions to the LANL2DZ Basis Set for P-Block Elements, J. Phys. Chem. A,, 2001, 105, 34, 8111, https://doi.org/10.1021/jp011945l . [all data]

Notes

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), References

• Symbols used in this document:
  

  AE	Appearance energy
  IE (evaluated)	Recommended ionization energy
  Pc	Critical pressure
  Ptriple	Triple point pressure
  S°gas,1 bar	Entropy of gas at standard conditions (1 bar)
  Tboil	Boiling point
  Tc	Critical temperature
  Tfus	Fusion (melting) point
  Ttriple	Triple point temperature
  ΔfH°gas	Enthalpy of formation of gas at standard conditions
  ΔrG°	Free energy of reaction at standard conditions
  ΔrH°	Enthalpy of reaction at standard conditions
  ΔsubH	Enthalpy of sublimation
  ΔvapH	Enthalpy of vaporization
  ρc	Critical density

• Data from NIST Standard Reference Database 69: NIST Chemistry WebBook
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